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Ex: Indexing can thus be achieved at a detailed level, with often many terms per document, with almost no indexing effort.

Ex: Accessibility to the documents stored in files is an important factor, so the physical storage is important.

* a + Adjetivo + escala = on a + Adjetivo + scale.

* a alguna parte = someplace.

* a alta presión = high-pressured, high-pressure.

* a altas horas de la noche = late at night.

* a ambas orillas del Atlántico = on both sides of the ocean, on both sides of the Atlantic.

* a ambos lados de = on either side of.

* a ambos lados del Altántico = on both sides of the ocean, on both sides of the Atlantic.

* a ambos lados de + Lugar = on both sides of + Lugar.

* a años luz de = light years away from.

* a bajas temperaturas = at low temperature.

* a bajo coste = low-cost.

* a bajo costo = low-cost.

* a bajo nivel = low-level.

* a bajo precio = lower-cost, at a low price, on the cheap.

* a base de = in the form of, on a diet of.

* a base de carne = meaty [meatier -comp., meatiest -sup.].

* a base de cometer errores = the hard way.

* a base de errores = the hard way.

* a boca de jarro = at close range.

* a bocajarro = point blank.

* a bombo y platillo = fanfare, with a bang.

* a bordo = aboard, on board ship.

* a bordo de = aboard, onboard.

* a bordo de un barco = shipboard, on board ship.

* a buen recaudo = in a safe place, in safekeeping.

* a caballo = on horseback, astride.

* a caballo entre = astride... and..., midway between.

* a caballo entre... y... = half way between... and....

* a caballo regalado no se le mira el diente = never look a gift horse in the mouth.

* a cada rato = every so often, every now and then, every now and again, every once in a while.

* a cambio = in return.

* a cambio de = in exchange for, in return for.

* a cambio de nada = for nothing.

* a cántaros = cats and dogs.

* a cargo = in the saddle.

* a cargo (de) = charged with, in charge (of), at the helm (of).

* a cargo de Alguien = under supervision.

* a cargo de las riendas = in the saddle.

* a cargo del ayuntamiento = local authority-run.

* a cargo del gobierno = government-operated, government-run.

* a cargo de una sola persona = one-man band.

* a cargo de voluntarios = volunteer-run.

* a chorros = profusely.

* a ciegas = blindfold, blindly, blindfolded, in the dark.

* a ciencia cierta = for sure, for certain.

* a cierta distancia = some distance away.

* a cierta distancia de = off.

* a cierta distancia de la costa = offshore.

* a cierta distancia del litoral = offshore.

* a cobro revertido = reverse charges.

* a color = multi-colour [multi-color -USA].

* a comienzos de + Expresión Temporal = early + Expresión Temporal, the.

* a comienzos de + Fecha = in the early + Fecha, in the early part of + Fecha.

* a comienzos de + Período de Tiempo = by the turn of + Período de Tiempo, at the turn of + Período de Tiempo.

* a conciencia = deliberately, wilfully [willfully, -USA], by design, on purpose.

* a condición de que + Subjuntivo = provided (that), providing (that), as long as.

* a contenido enriquecido = content-enriched.

* a continuación = next, then, in the following, herewith.

* a continuación se enumeran = given below.

* a contracorriente = against the grain.

* a contraluz = against the light.

* a contrapelo = against the grain, against the nap.

* a coro = with one voice, in unison.

* a corto plazo = before very long, short term [short-term], in the short run, short-range, at short notice, in the short term, short-run.

* a costa de = at the cost of, at the expense of, at + Nombre's + expense, at cost of.

* a costa de mucho = at (a) great expense.

* a costa de otro = at someone else's expense.

* a costa de otros = at other people's expense.

* a criterio de = at the discretion of.

* a cualquier hora = anytime, around the clock.

* a cualquier hora del día o de la noche = at any hour of the day or night, at any time of the day or night.

* a cualquier precio = at any cost, at all costs, at any price.

* a cuatro aguas = hipped.

* a cuatro patas = on all fours, on four legs.

* a cuenta de = at the expense of.

* a cuenta de la empresa = at company expense.

* a cuenta de otro = at someone else's expense.

* a cuenta de otros = at other people's expense.

* a cuenta propia = at + Posesivo + expense, at + Posesivo + own expense.

* a cuerpo de rey = the lap of luxury.

* a cuestas = in tow.

* a decir de todos = by all accounts.

* a decir verdad = to tell the truth, if the truth be known, if the truth be told, in all truth, in truth, fact is, the fact is (that), to be fair.

* a decir verdad... = the fact of the matter is that....

* a demanda = pro re nata.

* a deshora(s) = at odd times, out of hours.

* a día de hoy = as of today.

* a diario = every day.

* a diestro y siniestro = like there's no tomorrow.

* a dieta = on a diet.

* a diferencia de = apart from, as opposed to, in contradistinction to, as contrasted with, in contrast (to/with), quite apart from, in sharp contrast (with).

* a diferencia de + Nombre = unlike + Nombre.

* a diferentes niveles = multi-tiered [multitiered], multi-tier [multitier].

* a discreción = at will, no holds barred.

* a disgusto = unwillingly, reluctantly.

* a disposición de = at the disposal of.

* a distancia = remote, remotely, distantly.

* a doble espacio = double-spaced.

* a domicilio = domiciliary.

* ¿a dónde se dirige(n)...? = whither?.

* ¿a dónde va(n)...? = whither?.

* ¿a dónde vas? = quo vadis, whither thou goest.

* a dos niveles = two-tier.

* a dos velas = skint, penniless, broke.

* a duras penas = with great difficulty.

* a efectos de = in terms of, for the purpose of + Nombre.

* a efectos prácticos = to all intents and purposes, for all practical purposes, for all intents and purposes, to all intents.

* a él = him.

* a ellos = them.

* a escala = drawn-to-scale.

* a escala industrial = on an industrial scale, industrial-scale.

* a escala mundial = globally, on a global scale.

* a escala natural = full-scale.

* a escondidas = by stealth, stealthily, furtively, on the quiet, on the sly.

* a eso = thereto.

* a espaldas de = out of sight of.

* a estas alturas = by now.

* a este fin = to this end.

* a este paso = at this rate.

* a este respecto = in this respect.

* a este ritmo = at this rate.

* a estrenar = brand new.

* a examen = under the microscope.

* a excepción de = barring, except for, excepting, other than, with the exception of, short of.

* a excepción de que = except that.

* a excepción de uno = with one exception.

* a expensas de = at the expense of, at + Nombre's + expense.

* a expensas de otro = at someone else's expense.

* a expensas de otros = at other people's expense.

* a + Expresión Temporal = as of + Expresión Temporal.

* a falta de = for want of, in the absence of, in default of, for lack of, short of.

* a favor = in favour.

* a favor de = in favour of.

* a favor de la decisión personal sobre el aborto = pro-choice.

* a favor de la esclavitud = pro-slavery.

* a favor de la raza negra = pro-black [problack].

* a favor de la vida humana = pro-life.

* a favor y en contra = pro and con.

* a + Fecha = as per + Fecha.

* a finales de = by the end of, at the close of + Expresión Temporal.

* a finales de + Expresión Temporal = as of late + Expresión Temporal, at the end of + Expresión Temporal, by the close of + Expresión Temporal.

* a finales de + Fecha = in the late + Fecha, in late + Fecha.

* a finales de los + Década = late + Década, the.

* a finales del + Siglo = late + Siglo, late period of + Siglo.

* a fin de cuentas = at the end of the day, in the end, in the final count, in the grand scheme of things, when all is said and done, after all is said and done.

* a fondo = fully, thoroughly, full-scale.

* a fondo perdido = non-refundable.

* ¡a freír espárragos! = on your bike!.

* a fuerza de = by dint of.

* a fuerza de cometer errores = the hard way.

* a fuerza de errores = the hard way.

* a gas = gas-powered.

* a gatas = on all fours.

* a grandes rasgos = broadly, rough draft.

* a granel = in bulk.

* a gran escala = large scale [large-scale], massive, on a wide scale, high-volume, wide-scale, on a broad scale, in a big way, on a grand scale.

* a gran velocidad = at great speed.

* a grito limpio = at the top of + Posesivo + voice.

* a grito pelado = at the top of + Posesivo + voice.

* a gritos = vociferously.

* a groso modo = crudely.

* a grosso modo = roughly, rough draft.

* a gusto = at ease, at leisure.

* a gusto de = to the liking of, at the pleasure of.

* a horcajadas = astride.

* a hurtadillas = surreptitiously, by stealth, stealthily, furtively, on the sly.

* a imitación de lo clásico = classicising [classicizing, -USA], classicised [classicized, -USA].

* a iniciativa de = at the initiative of.

* a iniciativas del gobierno = government-led.

* a instancia de = at the urging of.

* a instancias de = at the instigation of, at the behest of, under the auspices of.

* a intervalos = at intervals.

* a intervalos + Adjetivo = at + Adjetivo + intervals.

* a intervalos semanales = at weekly intervals.

* a invitación de = at the invitation of.

* a jabón = soapy [soapier -comp., soapiest -sup.].

* a juicio = on trial.

* a juicio público = in the public eye.

* a juzgar por = to judge by, judging by, judging from.

* a la acuarela = water-coloured [water-colored, -USA].

* a la alcaldía = mayoral.

* a la altura de = of the stature of, equal to.

* a la altura de la cintura = waist high, waist deep.

* a la altura de la rodilla = knee-high.

* a la altura de los hombros = shoulder-high.

* a la anchura de los hombros = shoulder-width.

* a la anochecida = at nightfall.

* a la antigua = old-style.

* a la antigua usanza = old-style.

* a la atención de = c/o (care of).

* a la baja = on the wane.

* a la brasa = grilled.

* a la buena de Dios = out in the cold.

* a la cabeza de = in the forefront of/in.

* a la caída de la noche = at nightfall, at twilight.

* a la caída de la tarde = at twilight.

* a la carta = a la carte.

* a la defensiva = on the defensive.

* a la derecha = at the right.

* a la derecha de = on the right side of, on the right-hand side of.

* a la deriva = rudderless.

* a la discreción de = at the discretion of.

* a la disposición de Alguien = at + Posesivo + disposal.

* a la expectativa de = on the lookout for, on the alert for.

* a la + Expresión Temporal = a + Expresión Temporal.

* a la fuerza = forcefully, of necessity, forcibly, compulsorily.

* a la fuga = on the run, on the lam.

* a la hora de + Infinitivo = when it came to + Gerundio, when it comes to + Gerundio.

* a la hora de la verdad = when push comes to shove, if it comes to the crunch, when it comes to the crunch, when the worst comes to the worst, if the worst comes to the worst, when the crunch comes to the crunch, if the crunch comes to the crunch.

* a la hora del café = at coffee.

* a la intemperie = in the open, exposed.

* a la inversa = mirror-fashion, mirror image, in reverse.

* a la izquierda = at the left.

* a la larga = in the long term, over the long term, in the end, eventually, for the long pull, over a period of time, over the long haul, in the far term, ultimately, by and by.

* a la ligera = lightly.

* a la luz de = in light of, in the light of.

* a la luz de la luna = by moonlight, in the moonlight, moonlit.

* a la luz de las estrellas = by starlight.

* a la luz de las velas = by candlelight, candlelight, candlelit.

* a la luz del día = in the light of day.

* a la luz de una lámpara de gas = by gaslight.

* a la mano de = available at the fingertips of.

* a la misma altura que = in the same league as.

* a la moda = trendy [trendier -comp., trendiest -sup.].

* a la onda = in the know.

* a la opinión pública = in the public eye.

* a la par = in concert, in tandem, neck and neck, in a tandem fashion, in parallel.

* a la par que = in tandem with, hand in hand (with), as the same time as.

* a la parrilla = grilled, on the grill.

* a la perfección = superbly.

* a la plancha = griddled, on the griddle, on the hotplate.

* a largo plazo = in the long term, over the long term, long-range, in the long run, long-term, over the long run, over the long haul, long-run, in the far term, far-term.

* a la salida = on the way out.

* a la sazón = at that time.

* a las doce del mediodía = at high noon.

* a la semana = a week, per week.

* a las mil maravillas = marvellously [marvelously, -USA], famously, like a house on fire.

* a la sombra de = in the shadow of.

* a las puertas de = on the threshold of.

* a la última = hip [hipper -comp., hippest -sup.], on the fast track, hipped.

* a la vanguardia = on the cutting edge, on the leading edge, in the fast lane, on the fast track, at the leading edge, on the bleeding edge.

* a la vanguardia de = in the vanguard of, at the forefront of, in the forefront of/in, at the vanguard of.

* a la velocidad de la luz = at the speed of light.

* a la velocidad del rayo = at the speed of lightning.

* a la velocidad del sonido = at the speed of sound.

* a la venta = on release.

* a la vez = at once, at one time, at similar times, at the same time, concurrently, side-by-side, simultaneously, at the same instant, in parallel, in tandem, at the one time, in a tandem fashion, at a time, in unison.

* a la vez que = hand in hand (with), cum, in conjunction with, in unison with.

* a la vista = in sight, within sight.

* a la vista de = in light of, in the light of.

* a la vuelta de = on the return leg of.

* a la zaga = not far behind, in tow.

* al azar = lucky draw, lucky dip.

* al extremo norte = northernmost.

* al extremo oeste = westernmost.

* al hacer esto = in doing so.

* al norte del estado = upstate.

* a lo extremo = to the extreme.

* a lo grande = in a big way, big time, grandly, on a grand scale.

* a lo hecho, pecho = no use crying over spilt/spilled milk, you've made your bed, now you must lie in it!.

* a lo largo de = along, down, throughout.

* a lo largo de + Expresión Temporal = sometime + Expresión Temporal.

* a lo largo de la historia = over time.

* a lo largo de la ruta = along the way.

* a lo largo del tiempo = longitudinal, longitudinally.

* a lo largo de todo = the entire length of.

* a lo largo y ancho del país = countrywide [country-wide].

* a lo largo y ancho de + Lugar = up and down + Lugar.

* a lo lejos = in the distance.

* a lo loco = helter-skelter, like there's no tomorrow.

* a lo máximo = at best, at most, at the most.

* a lo mejor = perhaps.

* a lo que salga = come what may.

* a los ojos de = in the eyes of.

* a lo sumo = at best, at most, at the most.

* al otro lado del atlántico = across the pond.

* al otro lado del charco = across the pond.

* al otro lado del océano = across the pond.

* a lo zombi = zombielike.

* a mano = by hand, manually, nearby [near-by], handy, within reach, within easy reach.

* a mano alzada = by a show of hands.

* a mano derecha de = on the right side of, on the right-hand side of.

* a manojos = by the handful.

* a manos de = at the hands of.

* a marchas forzadas = in a rush, against the clock.

* a mares = cats and dogs.

* a más largo plazo = longer-term.

* a más..., más... = the + Comparativo..., the + Comparativo....

* a más tardar = at the latest.

* a mata caballo = in a hurry, hurried, hurriedly, helter-skelter.

* a media asta = at half-mast, at half staff.

* a mediados de = in the middle decades of.

* a mediados de + Fecha = in the mid + Fecha.

* a mediados de semana = midweek.

* a media jornada = half-time [half time].

* a media mañana = mid-morning.

* a medianoche = at midnight.

* a medias = half-hearted [halfhearted], qualified.

* a medias entre... y... = betwixt and between.

* a medida = custom, bespoke.

* a medida que + avanzar + el año = as the year + wear on.

* a medida que + avanzar + el día = as the day + wear on.

* a medida que pasaba el tiempo = as time passed (by), as time went by.

* a medida que pasa el tiempo = as time passes (by).

* a medida que pasa + Expresión Temporal = as + Expresión Temporal + go by.

* a medida que + pasar + el año = as the year + wear on.

* a medida que + pasar + el día = as the day + wear on.

* a medida que se necesite = on demand, on request, as required.

* a medida que + transcurrir + el año = as the year + wear on.

* a medida que + transcurrir + el día = as the day + wear on.

* a medio abrir = half-opened.

* a medio camino = halfway [half-way/half way].

* a medio comprender = half-understood.

* a medio formar = half-formed.

* a medio fuego = medium heat.

* a medio hacer = halfway done, half done.

* a medio plazo = medium-term, near-term, in the medium term, in the mid-term, mid-term [midterm].

* a medio rimar = half-rhymed.

* a medio vestir = half dressed.

* a menor escala = at a reduced rate.

* a menos que = unless, short of.

* a menudo = oftentimes [often times], ofttimes [oft-times].

* a merced de = at the mercy of.

* a mí = me.

* a mi entender = to my mind.

* a mi modo de ver = in my books.

* a mi parecer = to my mind, methinks, in my books.

* a mitad de = half way through, halfway through.

* a mitad de camino = halfway [half-way/half way].

* a mitad de camino entre... y... = midway between, half way between... and....

* a mitad de camino entre... y... = astride... and....

* a mitad de precio = at half price.

* a mí también me gustaría tener la misma oportunidad = turnabout is fair play.

* a modo de = by way of, in the vein of, as a kind of.

* a modo de aclaración = in parenthesis, on a sidenote.

* a modo de advertencia = cautionary.

* a modo de ejemplo = by way of illustration.

* a modo de explicación = parenthetically.

* a modo de ilustración = by way of illustration.

* a modo de inciso = in passing, by the way of (a) digression.

* a modo de paréntesis = parenthetical.

* a modo de prólogo = prefatory.

* a modo de resumen = wrap-up.

* a mogollón = aplenty [a-plenty].

* a montón = aplenty [a-plenty].

* a montones = in droves, by the sackful.

* a muchos niveles = many-levelled [many-leveled, -USA].

* a muerte = bitter, bitterly.

* a nadie le importa nada = nobody + gives a damn.

* a nivel de barrio = neighbourhood-based.

* a nivel de calle = on the ground level.

* a nivel de la calle = at ground level.

* a nivel del suelo = at ground level.

* a nivel estatal = statewide [state-wide].

* a nivel federal = federally, federally.

* a nivel individual = privately.

* a nivel local = locally, domestically.

* a nivel multicultural = multi-culturally [multiculturally].

* a nivel mundial = worldwide [world-wide], globally.

* a nivel nacional = nationally, domestically, countrywide [country-wide].

* a nivel privado = privately.

* a nivel regional = regionally.

* a nombre de = payable to.

* a no ser que = unless.

* a nosotros = us.

* a ojo = ocular.

* a ojos vista = before + Posesivo + (own two) eyes.

* a orillas del océano = oceanfront.

* a orillas del río = riverfront.

* a orillas de un lago = lakeside, lakefront, by the lakeside.

* a otro sitio = somewhere else.

* a pares = in pairs.

* a partes iguales = share and share alike, in equal measure(s).

* a partir de = on the basis of, based on, working from, from, on a diet of, in response to.

* a partir de ahora = from now on, from this point on, henceforth, as of now.

* a partir de ahora y durante + Cuantificador + años = for + Cuantificador + years to come.

* a partir de aquí = hereupon.

* a partir de ello = therefrom.

* a partir de entonces = from this time on, hereafter, thereafter, whereafter, from then on, thenceforth, henceforth, from that moment on.

* a partir de ese momento = from that moment on.

* a partir de este momento = hereinafter.

* a partir de esto = on this basis, on that basis.

* a partir de + Fecha = from + Fecha, effective + Fecha.

* a partir de hoy = as from today.

* a partir de la medianoche = late night.

* a partir de los títulos = title-based.

* a paso de tortuga = at a snail's pace.

* a paso ligero = on the double.

* a pasos agigantados = at an exponential rate, at exponential rates, by leaps and bounds.

* a pedir de boca = without a hitch.

* a pequeña escala = in a small way, small scale [small-scale].

* a perpetuidad = in perpetuity.

* a pesar de (que) = albeit (that), despite, in spite of, notwithstanding, although, despite the fact that, in spite of the fact that.

* a pesar de todo = all the same, in spite of everything, despite everything, despite it all, in spite of it all, all this said.

* a pesar de todo + Posesivo + Nombre = for all + Posesivo + Nombre.

* a petición de = at the request of, at the urging of, at the behest of.

* a petición del usuario = on demand, on request.

* a petición popular = by popular demand.

* a pie = on foot, afoot, dismounted.

* a pilas = battery-operated.

* a pique = sinking.

* a placer = at will.

* a plena luz del día = in broad daylight.

* a poca distancia = not far behind.

* a poca distancia andando = within walking distance, within an easy walk.

* a poca distancia a pie = within an easy walk, within walking distance.

* a pocos minutos andando = within walking distance, within easy walking distance, within an easy walk.

* a pocos minutos a pie = within walking distance, within easy walking distance, within an easy walk.

* a porrillo = by the handful.

* a + Posesivo + aire = to + Posesivo + heart's content.

* a + Posesivo + alcance = in the ballpark for + Pronombre, in + Posesivo + ballpark range.

* a + Posesivo + costa = at + Posesivo + expense.

* a + Posesivo + cuidado = in + Posesivo + safekeeping.

* a + Posesivo + discreción = at will, at + Posesivo + discretion.

* a + Posesivo + disposición = at + Posesivo + disposal.

* a + Posesivo + entender = to the best of + Posesivo + belief.

* a + Posesivo + espaldas = behind + Posesivo + back.

* a + Posesivo + expensas = at + Posesivo + expense.

* a + Posesivo + favor = in + Posesivo + favour, to + Posesivo + credit.

* a + Posesivo + juicio = in + Posesivo + estimation.

* a + Posesivo + manera = in + Posesivo + own way.

* a + Posesivo + saber = to the best of + Posesivo + knowledge.

* a + Posesivo + saber y entender = to the best of + Posesivo + knowledge and belief.

* a + Posesivo + servicio = at + Posesivo + service.

* a + Posesivo + sorprender = much to + Posesivo + surprise.

* a + Posesivo + vista = before + Posesivo + (own two) eyes.

* a posteriori = reactive, in retrospect, after-the-fact, hindsight, with hindsight, a posteriori, in hindsight.

* a precio de coste = at cost price, at cost.

* a precio de costo = at cost price, at cost.

* a precio de ganga = at a steal.

* a precio especial = at reduced cost, discounted, cut-rate, cut-price.

* a precio razonable = at reasonable cost(s).

* a precio reducido = at a discount.

* a precios competitivos = competitively priced.

* a precios especiales = at reduced rates, at preferential rates.

* a precios razonables = at affordable prices.

* a presión = pressurised [pressurized, -USA].

* a primera hora de la mañana = first thing in the morning.

* a primera hora de + Período del Día = first thing + Período del Día.

* a primeras horas de la tarde = late afternoon.

* a primera vista = on first acquaintance, at first sight, on first inspection, on the face of it, at first blush, at first glance, on the surface, prima facie, first-blush.

* a primeros de + Fecha = in the early + Fecha.

* a principios de + Fecha = in the early + Fecha.

* a principios de los + Década = early + Década, the.

* a priori = proactive [pro-active], foresight, a priori, on the surface.

* a prisa = quickly.

* a propósito = deliberate, for the record, incidentally, intentionally, by the way, in passing, anecdotally, purposely, by design, on purpose, wilfully [willfully, -USA], on a sidenote, studiously, by the way of (a) digression, by the by(e), speaking of which, designedly.

* a propósito de = apropos of.

* a propósito de nada = for no specific reason, for no particular reason.

* a prueba = on trial.

* a prueba de bombas = ruggedised [ruggedized, -USA], bomb-proof.

* a prueba de conejos = rabbit-proof.

* a prueba de fallos = fail-safe.

* a prueba de incendios = fireproof [fire-proof].

* a prueba de niños = childproof.

* a prueba de robos = theft proof.

* a prueba de tornados = tornado proof.

* a prueba de un tratamiento duro = ruggedised [ruggedized, -USA].

* a prueba de viento = windproof.

* a puerta cerrada = behind closed doors.

* a punta de pistola = at gunpoint.

* a punto de = on the verge of, a heartbeat away from.

* a punto de + Infinitivo = about to + Infinitivo.

* a punto de irse a pique = on the rocks.

* a punto de morir = on + Posesivo + deathbed.

* a puñados = by the sackful, by the handful.

* a quemarropa = point blank.

* a quien madruga, Dios le ayuda = the early bird catches the worm.

* a quienquiera que = whomever.

* a rachas = by fits and starts.

* a ráfagas = in bursts.

* a raíz de = in the wake of.

* a rajatabla = to the letter.

* a ras de = flush with.

* a ras de la calle = ground-floor.

* a ras del suelo = at ground level.

* a rastras = in tow.

* a ratos = intermittently.

* a reacción = jet-assisted.

* a rebosar (de) = jam-packed (with), filled to capacity.

* a regañadientes = grudgingly, grudging, begrudgingly, unwillingly, reluctantly.

* a régimen = on a diet.

* a remolque = in tow.

* a reventar (de) = jam-packed (with), filled to capacity.

* a saber = namely, viz, to wit.

* a sabiendas = knowing, knowingly, wilfully [willfully, -USA].

* a sabiendas de que = on the understanding that.

* a sacudidas = jerkily.

* a saltitos = jerky [jerkier -comp., jerkiest -sup.].

* a salvo = in a safe place, in safekeeping, out of harm's way.

* a sangre fría = cold-blooded.

* a ser posible = if possible.

* a simple vista = by the naked eye, superficially, on first thought.

* a solas = all by + Reflexivo, by + Reflexivo.

* a su debido tiempo = in due course, timely, in due time.

* a sueldo = paid.

* a su precio normal = at full price.

* a su propio ritmo = at an individual pace.

* a su tiempo = in a timely fashion, in due course, in a timely manner.

* a su vez = Verbo + further, in turn, in its/their turn.

* a tal efecto = to this effect.

* a tales efectos = hereto.

* a tarifa reducida = at reduced cost.

* a tarifas especiales = at reduced rates, at preferential rates.

* a temperatura ambiente = at room temperature.

* a tener en cuenta en el futuro = for future reference.

* a tenor de = in light of, in the face of, in the light of, in view of.

* a ti = you, thee.

* a tiempo = in timely fashion, on time, promptly, timely, just in time, in time.

* a tiempo completo = full-time.

* a tiempo parcial = part-time.

* a tientas = in the dark.

* a tientas y a ciegas = blindly, in the dark.

* a ti mismo = yourself, thyself.

* a tiro = within gunshot, within range.

* a tirones = jerky [jerkier -comp., jerkiest -sup.].

* a título de = by way of, for the sake of.

* a título gratuito = gratuitous.

* a título personal = in a personal capacity, in a private capacity.

* a toda costa = absolutely, at all costs, come what may, at any cost, at any price.

* a toda máquina = in the fast lane, fast lane, full steam ahead, at full tilt, full-tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed.

* a toda marcha = at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed, at full stretch.

* a toda mecha = at a rate of knots, full steam ahead, at full blast, at full throttle, at top speed, at full speed, at full stretch.

* a toda pasta = at a rate of knots.

* a toda pastilla = in the fast lane, on the fast track, fast lane, overdrive, full steam ahead, full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at a rate of knots, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed.

* a toda prueba = unswerving.

* a todas horas = at all hours, around the clock.

* a todas luces = patently.

* a todas partes = far and wide.

* a toda velocidad = full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed.

* a todo alrededor = all round.

* a todo color = full-colour, in full colour.

* a todo gas = full steam ahead, full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed, at full stretch.

* a todo lo largo de = the length of.

* a todo meter = full steam ahead, at full stretch, at full speed, at full blast, at top speed, at full throttle.

* a todo ritmo = in full swing, in full force, in full gear.

* a todos lados = far and wide.

* a todos los efectos = to all intents and purposes, to all intents, for all practical purposes, for all intents and purposes.

* a todos los niveles = at all levels.

* a todos nosotros = us all.

* a todos por igual = one size fits all.

* a todo vapor = full steam ahead, full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed, at full stretch.

* a todo volumen = at full blast.

* a tontas y a ciegas = headlong, runaway.

* a tontas y locas = like there's no tomorrow, without rhyme or reason.

* a tope = packed to capacity, in the fast lane, fast lane, choc-a-block, chock-full, in full swing, in full gear, packed to the rafters.

* a trancas y barrancas = with great difficulty, by fits and starts.

* a través de = by way of, in the form of, through, via, out of, through the agency of.

* a través de Internet = Internet-based, Web-based, Web-supported.

* a través de la historia = over time.

* a través de la TI = IT-enabled.

* a través de la web = Web-based, Web-supported.

* a través de los años = over the years, down the years.

* a través de los ojos de = through the eyes of.

* a través de los siglos = over the centuries.

* a través del teléfono = call-in.

* a través del tiempo = over time.

* a través de operador = operator-assisted.

* a tres bandas = three pronged.

* a tres niveles = three-tiered.

* a troche y moche = like there's no tomorrow.

* a trompicones = by fits and starts.

* a tropezones = falteringly, hesitantly, haltingly, jerkily.

* a trozos = piecewise.

* ¡A tu salud! = Here's to you!.

* a última hora = at the last minute, at the eleventh hour, last minute [last-minute], at the very last minute, at the very last moment, at the very last.

* a últimas horas de la tarde = late evening.

Multiple Entries:
A    
a
A,

a preposición Nota:
La preposición a suele emplearse precedida de ciertos verbos como empezar, ir, oler, sonar etc, en cuyo caso ver bajo el respectivo verbo.No se traduce cuando introduce el complemento directo de persona (ser humano, pronombres personales que lo representan, como quien, alguien, algún etc) o un nombre con un objeto o animal personalizado: amo a mi patria = I love my country, paseo a mi perro = I walk my dog.En los casos en que precede al artículo definido el para formar la contracción al, ver bajo la siguiente entrada, donde también se encontrarán otros ejemplos y usos de a.
1


voy a casa I'm going home;
se cayó al río she fell into the river


a orillas del Ebro on the banks of the Ebro;
se sentó al sol he sat in the sun;
se sentó a mi derecha he sat down on my right


2


a la hora de comer at lunch time;
¿a qué hora vengo? what time shall I come?;
a mediados de abril in mid-April;
al día siguiente the next o following day




al enterarse de la noticia when he learnt o on learning the news



( antes) a few minutes before she arrived;

3 (en relaciones de proporción, equivalencia):

sale a 100 euros cada uno it works out at 100 euros each;
a 100 kilómetros por hora (at) 100 kilometers per hour;
nos ganaron cinco a tres they beat us five three o (AmE) five to three
4 (indicando modo, medio, estilo):

a crédito on credit;
funciona a pilas it runs on batteries;
a mano by hand;
a rayas striped;
vestirse a lo punk to wear punk clothes
5


no he leído a Freud I haven't read (any) Freud


dáselo a ella give it to her;
les enseña inglés a mis hijos she teaches my children English;
le echó (la) llave a la puerta she locked the door


A, a f (letra) A
'A' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
a. C.
- a.m.
- abajeña
- abajeño
- abanderada
- abanderado
- abandonar
- abandonada
- abandonado
- abanico
- abarquillada
- abarquillado
- abarrotada
- abarrotado
- abasto
- abatida
- abatido
- abatirse
- abdicar
- aberración
- abertura
- abierta
- abierto
- abigarrada
- abigarrado
- abigarrar
- ablandar
- ablusada
- ablusado
- abnegada
- abnegado
- abobada
- abobado
- abocada
- abocado
- abogacía
- abogada
- abogado
- abombada
- abombado
- abonar
- abonada
- abonado
- abonarse
- abono
- abordar
- abordaje
- aborregar
- abortar
- abortiva
English:
A
- A-level
- a.m.
- abandon
- abandoned
- abide by
- ability
- abject
- abnormal
- aboard
- aborigine
- abortion
- abortive
- about
- above
- above-board
- above-mentioned
- abrasive
- abreast
- abridged
- abrupt
- absent
- absent-minded
- absolute
- absolutely
- absorbed
- abstemious
- abstract
- absurd
- abundant
- abuse
- abusive
- abysmal
- academic
- academy
- accede
- accent
- acceptable
- access
- accident-prone
- accidental
- accidentally
- acclimatized
- accommodate
- accommodation
- accomplish
- accomplished
- account
- account for
- accountable
[letra] A, a;

   a. (possession) to have

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► En anglais britannique, I've got, he's got etc remplace souvent I have, he has etc.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• j'ai trois frères I have or I've got three brothers

• il n'a pas d'argent he hasn't got any money he doesn't have any money

• j'ai la réponse I have or I've got the answer

• il n'avait pas d'argent he had no money or didn't have any money

• il a les yeux bleus he has blue eyes

• il a du courage he has got courage

• ils ont leur fille qui part au Québec (inf) they've got their daughter going to Quebec

• son regard a quelque chose de méchant he's got a nasty look in his eye

• en avoir (inf!) ( = être courageux) to have balls (vulg!)

• il avait les mains qui tremblaient his hands were shaking

   b. (localisation)

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► Lorsque avoir est utilisé pour localiser un bâtiment, un objet etc, il peut se traduire par to have (got), mais l'anglais préférera souvent une tournure avec to be.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• vous avez la gare tout près the station is nearby

• vous avez un parc au bout de la rue there's a park down the road

   c. ( = obtenir) to get

• je n'ai pas pu avoir l'horaire du car I couldn't get the bus times

• pouvez-vous nous avoir ce livre ? can you get this book for us?

• je n'ai pas pu avoir Luc au téléphone I couldn't get through to Luc

   d. ( = porter) [+ vêtements] to wear

• il avait un pantalon beige he was wearing beige trousers

• la femme qui a le corsage bleu the woman in the blue blouse

   e. (dimensions) to be

• avoir 3 mètres de haut to be 3 metres high

• ici, le lac a 2 km de large the lake is 2km wide here

   f. (âge) ( = avoir) to be ; ( = atteindre) to turn

• il a dix ans he is ten

• j'ai l'impression d'avoir 20 ans I feel as if I were 20

• il a dans les cinquante ans he's about 50

• des bâtiments qui ont plus de 250 ans buildings that are more than 250 years old

• elle venait d'avoir 38 ans she had just turned 38

   g. ( = souffrir de) [+ rhume, maladie] to have

• il a la rougeole he's got measles

• il a eu la rougeole à dix ans he had measles when he was ten

• il ne veut pas dire ce qu'il a he won't say what's wrong with him

• qu'est-ce que tu as ? what's wrong with you?

• il a qu'il est jaloux he's jealous, that's what's wrong with him

• qu'est-ce qu'il a à pleurer ? what's he crying for?

   h. ( = faire) to make

• il a eu un geste d'énervement he made an irritated gesture

• elle a eu un sourire malin she smiled knowingly

• ils ont eu des remarques malheureuses they made some unfortunate remarks

   i. ( = recevoir chez soi) to have

• avoir des amis à dîner to have friends to dinner

   j. ( = avoir un cours de, avoir à faire) to have

• j'ai français à 10 heures I've got French at 10

• le vendredi, j'ai trois heures d'anglais I have three hours of English on Fridays

• je n'ai rien ce soir I haven't got anything on this evening

   k. ( = atteindre, attraper) to get

• ils ont fini par avoir le coupable they got the culprit in the end

• je l'ai eu ! (cible) got it!

• on les aura ! we'll get them! (inf)

• je t'aurai ! I'll get you! (inf)

• elle m'a eu au sentiment she took advantage of my better nature

   l. ( = duper) (inf) [escroc] to have (inf) ; [plaisantin] to fool

• ils m'ont eu I've been had (inf)

• je t'ai bien eu ! got you there! (inf)

• se faire avoir (par escroc) to be had (inf) ; (par un plaisantin) to be fooled

• je me suis fait avoir de 300 € I was conned out of 300 euros (inf!)

2. <

to have

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► Le passé composé français peut se traduire soit par le prétérit, soit par le parfait anglais, selon le contexte.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• hier, j'ai mangé trois bananes yesterday, I ate three bananas

• as-tu faim ? -- non, j'ai mangé trois bananes are you hungry? -- no, I've eaten three bananas

• j'étais pressé, alors j'ai couru I was in a hurry so I ran

• il a fini hier he finished yesterday

• je n'ai pas encore fini I haven't finished yet

• il a été renvoyé deux fois he has been dismissed twice

• je l'ai vu le 13 février I saw him on 13 February

• nous aurons terminé demain we'll have finished tomorrow

• si je l'avais vu if I had seen him

► avoir à + infinitif ( = devoir)

j'ai à travailler I've got work to do

• Patrick a des lettres à écrire Patrick has got letters to write► n'avoir qu'à

• tu n'as qu'à me téléphoner demain just give me a ring tomorrow

• c'est simple, vous n'avez qu'à lui écrire it's simple, just write to him

• tu n'avais qu'à ne pas y aller you shouldn't have gone in the first place

• s'il n'est pas content, il n'a qu'à partir if he doesn't like it, he can always leave

3. <

► il y a

   a. (général) (suivi d'un singulier) there is ; (suivi d'un pluriel) there are

• il y a un homme à la porte there's a man at the door

• il y a des gens qui attendent there are people waiting

• il y a eu trois blessés three people were injured

• il y a voiture et voiture ! there are cars and cars!

• qu'y a-t-il ? what is it?

• qu'est-ce qu'il y a ? what's the matter?

• il y a que nous sommes mécontents ! (inf) we're annoyed, that's what! (inf)

• il y a eu un accident there has been an accident

• qu'est-ce qu'il y a eu ? what's happened?

• il n'y a pas que toi ! you're not the only one!

• il n'y a que lui pour faire cela ! trust him to do that!

• il n'y a pas que nous à le dire we're not the only ones who say this

► il y en a (antécédent au singulier) there is some ; (antécédent au pluriel) there are some

• j'achète du pain ? -- non, il y en a encore shall I buy some bread? -- no, there's some left

• il y en a qui disent... there are those who say...

• il y en a qui feraient mieux de se taire ! some people would do better to keep quiet!

• il y en a, je vous jure ! (inf) really, some people! (inf)► il n'y en a que pour

• il n'y en a que pour mon petit frère, à la maison my little brother gets all the attention at home

• il n'y en a eu que pour lui pendant l'émission the whole programme revolved around him► y a pas (inf)

il y a pas, faut que je parte it's no good, I've got to go

• y a pas, il faut qu'il désobéisse he just won't do as he's told

• il y a pas à dire, il est très there's no denying he's very intelligent► il n'y a qu'à (+ infinitif), y a qu'à (+ infinitif) (inf)

il n'y a qu'à les laisser partir just let them go

• il n'y a qu'à protester we'll just have to protest

• y a qu'à lui dire (inf) why don't we just tell him

   b. (temps)

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► Lorsque il y a se rapporte à une action non révolue, l'anglais utilise for.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► Pour exprimer une durée, le présent français devient un parfait en anglais, l'imparfait un pluperfect.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• il y a dix ans que je le connais I've known him for ten years

• il y avait longtemps qu'elle désirait le rencontrer she had wanted to meet him for a long time

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► Dans le cas d'une action révolue, on emploie ago et le prétérit.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• il y a dix ans, j'ai obtenu mon diplôme I graduated ten years ago

• il est né il y a tout juste un an he was born just one year ago

• il y a dix jours que nous sommes rentrés we got back ten days ago

• il n'y a pas un quart d'heure qu'il est parti it's less than a quarter of an hour since he left

   c. (distance) il y a 10 km d'ici à Paris it is 10km from here to Paris

• combien y a-t-il d'ici à Lille ? how far is it from here to Lille?

4. <

   a. ( = bien) assets

• il a investi tout son avoir dans l'entreprise he invested all his assets in the firm

   b. ( = actif) credit ; ( = billet) credit note

• avoir fiscal tax credit

5. <

avoirs assets

• avoirs financiers financial resources

* * *

I avwaʀ

verbe transitif

1) ( obtenir) to get [objet, rendez-vous]; to catch [train, avion]

j'ai pu vous avoir votre visa — I managed to get your visa for you

je n'ai pas eu mon train — I didn't catch my train

2) ( au téléphone)

j'ai réussi à l'avoir — I managed to get through to him/her

3) ( porter) to wear, to have [something] on

elle avait une robe bleue à son mariage — she wore a blue dress at her wedding

4) (colloq) ( triompher) to beat, to get (colloq), to have

cette fois-ci, on les aura — this time, we'll get ou have them

5) ( duper) to have (colloq); ( par malveillance) to con (colloq)

elle s'est fait or laissée avoir — she's been had (colloq)

6) ( éprouver moralement) to feel

avoir du chagrin/de la haine — to feel sorrow/hate

qu'est-ce que tu as? — what's wrong ou the matter with you?

qu'est-ce qu'il a à conduire comme ça? — why is he driving like that?

7) (servant à exprimer l'âge, des sensations physiques)

j'ai 20 ans/faim/froid — I am 20 years old/hungry/cold

la salle a 20 mètres de long — the room is 20 metres [BrE] long

II avwaʀ

nom masculin

1) Commerce ( somme) credit; ( attestation) credit note

2) ( possessions) assets (pl), holdings (pl)

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- avoir fiscal

••

avoir I

Généralités

Dans la plupart des situations exprimant la possession, la disponibilité avoir sera traduit par to have ou to have got: j'ai des livres/enfants/employés = I have (got) books/children/employees; je n'ai pas assez de place/temps = I don't have (ou I haven't got) enough room/time; la maison a l'électricité/cinq pièces = the house has electricity/five rooms; j'aurai mon visa demain = I'll have my visa tomorrow; ils vont/elle va avoir un bébé en mai = they're/she's having a baby in May

Les autres sens de avoir, verbe transitif simple (obtenir, porter, triompher de etc), sont traités dans l'entrée plus bas

On notera qu'en règle générale les expressions figées du type avoir raison, avoir beau, en avoir marre, il y a belle lurette, il y a de quoi etc seront traitées respectivement sous raison, beau, marre, lurette, quoi etc

On pourra également consulter les diverses notes d'usage répertoriées, notamment celles consacrées à l'expression de l'âge, aux maladies, à l'expression de l'heure etc

On trouvera ci-dessous les divers emplois de avoir pour lesquelles une explication est nécessaire

avoir = verbe auxiliaire

avoir verbe auxiliaire se traduit toujours par to have sauf dans le cas du passé composé: ils avaient révisé les épreuves quand je suis parti = they had revised the proofs when I left; quand ils eurent (ou ont eu) révisé les épreuves, ils sont partis = when they had revised the proofs, they left; ils auront fini demain = they will have finished tomorrow; il aurait (ou eût) aimé parler = he would have liked to speak. Lorsqu'on a un passé composé en français, il sera traduit soit par le prétérit: ils ont révisé les épreuves en juin = they revised the proofs in June; ils ont révisé les épreuves avant ma démission = they revised the proofs before I resigned; je suis sûr qu'il l'a laissé là en partant = I'm sure he left it here when he left; soit par le ‘present perfect’: ils ont révisé les épreuves plusieurs fois = they have revised the proofs several times

avoir = verbe semi-auxiliaire

De même, avoir semi-auxiliaire dans les tournures attributives du type avoir le coeur malade/les genoux cagneux, se traduit de façon variable ( to be ou to have) selon la structure adoptée par l'anglais pour rendre ces tournures; voir, en l'occurrence, les entrées coeur et cagneux; mais c'est en général sous l'adjectif que ce problème est traité

Emplois avec à

avoir à + infinitif

Exprimant l'obligation ou la convenance, cette locution verbale se rend généralement par to have to suivi de l'infinitif: j'aurais à ajouter que... = I would have to add that...; tu auras à rendre compte de tes actes = you'll have to account for your actions; je n'ai pas à vous raconter ma vie = I don't have to tell you my life-story; vous n'aviez pas à le critiquer = you didn't have to criticize him; il n'a pas à te parler sur ce ton = he shouldn't speak to you in that tone of voice; j'ai beaucoup à faire = I have (ou I've got) a lot to do; tu n'as rien à faire? = don't you have (ou haven't you got GB) anything to do?; j'ai à faire un rapport/un rapport à faire = I have to write a report/a report to write

n'avoir qu'à

Quand cette locution équivaut à suffir, plusieurs possibilités de traduction se présentent: tu n'avais qu'à = tu aurais dû, elle se rend par should have suivi du participe passé; tu n'as qu'à leur écrire = you only have to (ou you've only got to GB, ou all you have to do is) write to them; tu n'auras que cinq minutes à attendre = you'll only have to wait five minutes; tu n'avais qu'à faire attention/me le dire/partir plus tôt = you should have paid attention/told me/left earlier

Emplois avec en

On trouvera sous assez, marre, etc les expressions figées en avoir assez, en avoir marre etc. Voir aussi les emplois avec il y a plus bas

expression du temps: en avoir pour

L'anglais distingue généralement entre une tâche précise ( to take) et une activité ou absence indéterminée ( to be): vous en avez (ou aurez) pour combien de temps? (à faire ce travail) = how long will it take you?, (à me faire attendre) = how long are you going to be?; j'en ai pour cinq minutes (= je reviens dans...) = I'll be five minutes; je n'en ai pas pour longtemps = I won't be long; j'en ai eu pour deux heures = it took me two hours

expression du coût: en avoir pour

Se traduit par to cost suivi du pronom personnel complément correspondant au pronom sujet français (voir aussi argent): j'en ai eu pour 500 francs = it cost me 500 francs; nous en aurons pour combien? = how much will it cost us?

(sl) en avoir = to have balls (sl); ne pas en avoir = to have no balls (sl)

Expression de l'existence

il y a du lait dans le réfrigérateur = there's some milk in the fridge; il y a des souris/des araignées au grenier = there are mice/spiders in the attic; il n'y a pas/plus de riz = there's no/no more rice ou there isn't any/any more rice; il doit y avoir (ou il y aura) des souris dans le grenier = there must be mice in the attic; il n'y a pas eu moins de 50 concurrents = there were no less than 50 competitors; il y a chapeau et chapeau = there are hats and hats; il y aura Paul, Marie,... = there will be Paul, Marie,...; et il y aura Paul et Marie! = and Paul and Marie will be there!; il n'y a pas de raison de faire/que tu fasses = there's no reason to do/for you to do; il a dû y avoir quelque chose de grave = something serious must have happened; qu'est-ce qu'il y a? (qui ne va pas) = what's wrong?, (qui se passe) = what's going on?; il y a qu'elle m'énerve = she's getting on my nerves, that's what's wrong; il y a que l'ordinateur est en panne = the computer has broken down

Attention, un mot singulier en français peut être traduit par un mot fonctionnant comme un pluriel en anglais: il y a beaucoup de monde = there are a lot of people; y avait-il du monde? = were there many people?

Expression du temps

il est venu il y a longtemps/cinq ans = he came a long time/five years ago; il y a cinq ans que j'habite ici = I have been living here for five years; il y aura cinq ans demain que j'ai pris ma retraite = it will be five years tomorrow since I retired; il y aura deux mois mardi que je travaille ici = I will have been working here for two months on Tuesday; il n'y a que deux mois que je suis/travaille ici = I have only been/been working here for two months; il n'y a pas cinq minutes qu'il est parti = he left less than five minutes ago; il n'y a pas 200 ans que l'espèce est éteinte = the species has been extinct for no more than 200 years; il y a combien de temps/d'années que tu habites ici? = how long/many years have you lived here?; il y a combien de temps/d'années qu'on ne s'est vus? = how long is it/many years has it been since we last met?

Expression de la distance

Elle se fait généralement à l'aide du verbe to be: combien y a-t-il jusqu'à la gare/d'ici à la gare? = how far is it to the station/to the station from here?; combien y a-t-il encore jusqu'à la gare? = how much further is it to the station?; il y a 15 kilomètres jusqu'à/d'ici à la gare = the station is 15 kilometres [BrE] away/away from here; il y a au moins 15 kilomètres = it's at least 15 kilometres [BrE] away; il y a encore 15 kilomètres = it's another 15 kilometres [BrE]; il n'y a pas/que 200 mètres d'ici à la gare = it's less than/only 200 metres [BrE] from here to the station

il y a à + infinitif

il y a à manger pour quatre = there's enough food for four; il y a (beaucoup) à faire = there's a lot to be done (ceci traduit également il y a de quoi faire); souligner le danger/l'avantage qu'il y a à faire = to stress how dangerous/advantageous it is to do; les risques qu'il y avait/aurait à faire = how risky it was/would be to do; il n'y a pas à hésiter/s'inquiéter = there's no need to hesitate/worry; il n'y a pas à discuter! = no arguments!; il n'y a qu'à le repeindre! - y a qu'à (colloq), c'est facile à dire! = all you have to do is repaint it! - just repaint it! easier said than done!

il y en a qui, il y en a pour

L'existence se rend par there is/are, le temps par to take, et le coût par to cost ou to come to: il y en a qui n'ont pas peur du ridicule! = there are some people who aren't afraid of being ridiculed!; il y en a toujours pour se plaindre (ou qui se plaignent) = there's always someone who complains; il y en a (ou aura) pour deux heures = it'll take two hours; il y en a eu/aurait eu pour deux heures = it took/would have taken two hours; il n'y en a plus que pour deux heures = it'll only take another two hours; il y en a encore pour combien de temps? = how much longer will it take?; il y en a (ou aura) pour 200 francs = it'll cost (ou come to) 200 francs; il y en a eu pour 200 francs = it cost (ou came to) 200 francs

Noter aussi: il n'y en a que pour leur chien = they only think of their dog ou their dog comes first

Remarque: certaines formes personnelles du verbe avoir sont équivalentes au présentatif il y a. En corrélation avec le relatif qui, elles ne se traduisent pas; directement suivies de l'objet présenté, elles se traitent comme il y a: j'ai mon stylo qui fuit = my pen is leaking; elle avait les larmes aux yeux = there were tears in her eyes; j'ai ma cicatrice qui me fait souffrir = my scar is hurting; à droite, vous avez une tapisserie d'Aubusson = on your right, there's an Aubusson tapestry

* * *

avwaʀ

1. nm

1) (= biens) assets pl

2) COMMERCE (= note de crédit) credit

2. vt

1) (= posséder) to have, to have got

Elle a 2 enfants. — She has 2 children., she has got 2 children

Elle a une belle maison. — She has a lovely house., She has got a lovely house.

Il a les yeux bleus. — He has blue eyes., He has got blue eyes.

Tu as de beaux cheveux. — You have beautiful hair., You have got beautiful hair.

Il a beaucoup d'amis. — He has a lot of friends., He has got a lot of friends.

2) (= obtenir) to get

Où est-ce qu'on peut avoir un permis? — Where can you get a licence?

3) (= trouver)

ici, vous avez la cuisine — here we have the kitchen

4) (= éprouver) [sensation, sentiment] to have

J'avais un pressentiment. — I had a feeling.

Il a des démangeaisons. — He is itching.

J'ai une petite douleur ici. — I've got a slight pain here.

J'ai un drôle de pressentiment. — I have a funny feeling.

qu'est-ce que tu as?; qu'as-tu? — what's wrong?, what's the matter?

See:

faim, peur, mal

5) (âge)

avoir 3 ans — to be 3 years old, to be 3

J'avais 10 ans quand je l'ai rencontré. — I was 10 when I met him.

6) * (= duper) to do *

on vous a eu! — you've been done!, you've been had!

on t'a bien eu! — you've been had!

7) (autres locutions)

avoir à faire qch — to have to do sth

Vous n'avez qu'à lui demander. — You only have to ask him.

Tu n'as pas à me poser des questions. — It's not for you to ask me questions.

en avoir contre qn — to have a grudge against sb

en avoir assez — to be fed up

en avoir pour...; J'en ai pour une demi-heure. — It'll take me half an hour.

On en a eu pour 100 euros. — It cost us 100 euros.

n'avoir que faire de qch — to have no use for sth

3. vb aux

to have

avoir mangé — to have eaten

avoir dormi — to have slept

J'ai déjà mangé. — I've already eaten.

Il a mangé des frites. — He had some chips.

Est-ce que tu as vu ce film? — Have you seen this film?

Hier je n'ai pas mangé. — I didn't eat yesterday.

Je lui ai parlé hier. — I spoke to him yesterday.

Il a neigé pendant la nuit. — It snowed during the night.

4. vb impers

1) (présence)

il y a (+ singulier) — there is, (+ pluriel) there are

Il y a quelqu'un à la porte. — There's somebody at the door.

Il y a un bon film à la télé. — There's a good film on TV.

Il y a des chocolats sur la table. — There are some chocolates on the table.

Il y a beaucoup de monde. — There are lots of people.

il doit y avoir; Il doit y avoir une explication. — There must be an explanation.

qu'est-ce qu'il y a?; qu'y a-t-il? — what's the matter?, what is it?

Il n'y a qu'à... — We will just have to...

Il n'y a qu'à partir plus tôt. — We'll just have to leave earlier.

Il ne peut y en avoir qu'un. — There can only be one.

2) (temporel)

il y a 10 ans — 10 years ago

il y a 10 ans que je le connais — I've known him for 10 years

il y a longtemps que je le connais — I've known him for a long time

Je l'ai rencontré il y a 2 ans. — I met him 2 years ago.

Il y a 10 ans qu'il est arrivé. — It's 10 years since he arrived.

* * *

I.

avoir ⇒ Note d'usage verb table: avoir vtr

1 ( obtenir) to get [objet, rendez-vous]; to catch [train, avion]; j'ai pu vous avoir votre visa I managed to get your visa for you; j'ai eu ce vase pour cinq euros I got this vase for five euros; pouvez-vous m'avoir un des traducteurs? can you get me one of the translators?; je n'ai pas eu mon train I didn't catch my train; il l'a eue◑ le soir même he had○ her that very evening;

2 ( au téléphone) j'ai réussi à l'avoir I managed to get through to him/her; essayer d'avoir le ministre to try to get through to the minister; pouvez-vous m'avoir son adjoint/Hongkong can you put me through to ou get me his assistant/Hong Kong;

3 ( porter) to wear, to have [sth] on; elle avait une robe bleue à son mariage she wore a blue dress at her wedding; elle a toujours une écharpe autour du cou she's always got a scarf round her neck; il avait un béret (sur la tête) he had a beret on ou he was wearing a beret;

4 ○( triompher) to beat, to get○, to have; l'équipe de Marseille nous a eus the Marseilles team beat us; ne nous laissons pas avoir par la concurrence let's not let the competition beat us; cette fois-ci, on les aura this time, we'll get ou have them;

5 ( duper) to have○; ( par malveillance) to con○; j'ai été eu I've been had○; il t'a bien eu! ( l'escroc) he conned○ you!; ( le plaisantin) he was having you on○! GB, he put one over on you○!; elle s'est fait or laissé avoir she's been had○; j'ai failli me faire avoir I was nearly conned○; je ne me laisserai pas avoir par un abruti○ I won't be conned○ by a moron;

6 ( éprouver moralement) to feel; avoir du chagrin/de la haine to feel sorrow/hate; qu'est-ce que tu as? what's wrong ou the matter with you?; j'ai qu'il m'énerve he's getting on my nerves, that's what's wrong; qu'est-ce que tu as à crier comme ça? what are you shouting like that for?; j'ai que mon ordinateur ne marche pas because my computer doesn't work; qu'est-ce qu'il a à conduire comme ça? why is he driving like that?; il a qu'il est soûl because he's drunk, that's why;

7 (servant à exprimer l'âge, des sensations physiques) j'ai 20 ans/faim/froid I am 20 years old/hungry/cold; la salle a 20 mètres de long the room is 20 metres^GB long.

Idiomes

en avoir○ to have balls◑; ne pas en avoir○ to have no balls◑.

II.

avoir nm

1 Comm ( somme) credit; ( attestation) credit note;

2 ( possessions) assets (pl), holdings (pl); avoirs à l'étranger foreign assets ou holdings; avoirs en caisse cash holdings; avoirs en dollars dollar-based assets;

3 Compta ( notion) assets (pl); ( titre d'entrée) credit.

Composé

avoir fiscal tax credit.

I

[avwar] nom masculin

1. COMMERCE credit note

[en comptabilité] credit side

la fleuriste m'a fait un avoir the florist gave me a credit note

j'ai un avoir de 150 euros à la boucherie I've got 150 euros credit at the butcher's

avoir fiscal FINANCE tax credit

2. ÉCONOMIE & FINANCE

avoirs assets, holdings

avoirs numéraires ou en caisse cash holdings

3. (littéraire) [possessions] assets, worldly goods

vivre d'un petit avoir personnel to live off a small personal income

II

[avwar] verbe auxiliaire

A.

1. [avec des verbes transitifs]

as-tu lu sa lettre? did you read ou have you read his letter?

les deux buts qu'il avait marqués the two goals he had scored

j'aurais voulu vous aider I'd have liked to help you

non content de les avoir humiliés, il les a jetés dehors not content with humiliating them, he threw them out

2. [avec des verbes intransitifs]

j'ai maigri I've lost weight

as-tu bien dormi? did you sleep well?

tu as dû rêver you must have been dreaming

3. [avec le verbe 'être']

j'ai été surpris I was surprised

il aurait été enchanté he would've ou would have been delighted

B.

1. [exprime la possibilité]

avoir à: je n'ai rien à boire I haven't got anything ou I have nothing ou I've got nothing to drink

n'avoir qu'à: ils n'ont qu'à écrire au directeur

a. [conseil] all they have to do ou all they've got to do is write to the manager

b. [menace] just let them (try and) write to the manager

s'il vous manque quelque chose, vous n'avez qu'à me le faire savoir if you're missing anything, just let me know

t'as qu'à leur dire! (familier) why don't you (just) tell them!

2. [exprime l'obligation]

avoir à to have to

je n'ai pas à me justifier auprès de vous I don't have to justify myself to you

et voilà, je n'ai plus qu'à recommencer! so now I've got to start all over again!

3. [exprime le besoin]

avoir à to have to

il a à te parler he's got something to ou there's something he wants to tell you

tu n'as pas à t'inquiéter you shouldn't worry, you have nothing to worry about

4. (locution)

n'avoir que faire de: je n'ai que faire de tes états d'âme I couldn't care less about your moods

————————

[avwar] verbe transitif

A.

1. [être propriétaire de - action, bien, domaine etc.] to have, to own, to possess ; [ - chien, hôtel, voiture] to have, to own

avoir de l'argent to have money

tu n'aurais pas un stylo en plus? have you got ou do you happen to have a spare pen?

je n'ai plus de sucre I've run out of sugar

COMMERCE to have

nous avons plus grand si vous préférez we have it in a larger size if you prefer

2. [ami, collègue, famille etc.] to have

il a encore sa grand-mère his grandmother's still alive

je n'ai plus ma mère my mother's dead

elle a trois enfants she has three children

avoir un/une/des... qui: elle a un mari qui fait la cuisine she's got the sort ou kind of husband who does the cooking

avoir son/sa/ses... qui (familier) : j'ai la chaîne de mon vélo qui est cassée the chain on my bike is broken

3. [détenir - permis de conduire, titre] to have, to hold ; [ - droits, privilège] to have, to enjoy ; [ - emploi, expérience, devoirs, obligations] to have ; [ - documents, preuves] to have, to possess

quand nous aurons le pouvoir when we're in power

quelle heure avez-vous? what time do you make it?

SPORT to have

avoir le ballon to be in possession of ou to have the ball

4. [obtenir - amende, article] to get ; [ - information, rabais, récompense] to get, to obtain

je pourrais vous avoir des places gratuites I could get you free tickets

[au téléphone] to get through to

j'ai essayé de t'avoir toute la journée I tried to get through to you ou to contact you all day

je l'ai eu au téléphone I got him on the phone

5. [jouir de - beau temps, bonne santé, liberté, bonne réputation] to have, to enjoy ; [ - choix, temps, mauvaise réputation] to have

avoir la confiance de quelqu'un to be trusted by somebody

avoir l'estime de quelqu'un to be held in high regard by somebody

vous avez toute ma sympathie you have all my sympathy

j'ai une heure pour me décider I have an hour (in which) to make up my mind

il a tout pour lui et il n'est pas heureux! he's got everything you could wish for and he's still not happy!

6. [recevoir chez soi]

avoir de la famille/des amis à dîner to have relatives/friends over for dinner

j'aurai ma belle-famille au mois d'août my in-laws will be staying with me in August

7. RADIO & TÉLÉVISION [chaîne, station] to receive, to get

bientôt, nous aurons les chaînes européennes soon, we'll be able to get the European channels

8. [attraper - otage, prisonnier] to have

les flics ne l'auront jamais (familier) the cops'll never catch him

9. [atteindre - cible] to get, to hit

10. [monter à bord de - avion, bus, train] to catch

B.

1. [présenter - tel aspect] to have (got)

elle a un joli sourire she's got ou she has a nice smile

je cherche un acteur qui ait un grand nez I'm looking for an actor with a big nose

elle a une jolie couleur de cheveux her hair's a nice colour

elle a beaucoup de sa mère she really takes after her mother

avoir tout de: il a tout de l'aristocrate he's the aristocratic type

la méthode a l'avantage d'être bon marché this method has the advantage of being cheap

ton père a le défaut de ne pas écouter ce qu'on lui dit your father's weakness is not listening to what people tell him

[avec pour complément une partie du corps] to have

avoir l'estomac vide to have an empty stomach

j'ai le bras ankylosé my arm's stiff

avoir le/la/les... qui: il a les yeux qui se ferment he can't keep his eyes open

en avoir (très familier) to have a lot of balls (très familier)

2. [porter sur soi - accessoire, vêtement, parfum] to have on (separable), to wear

tu vois la dame qui a le foulard? do you see the lady with the scarf?

faites attention, il a une arme careful, he's got a weapon ou he's armed

3. [faire preuve de]

avoir de l'audace to be bold

avoir du culot (familier) to be cheeky, to have a nerve

il a eu le culot de me le dire (familier) he had the cheek ou the nerve to tell me

avoir du talent to have talent, to be talented

ayez la gentillesse de... would you ou please be kind enough to...

il a eu la cruauté de lui dire he was cruel enough to tell him

4. [exprime la mesure] to be

le voilier a 4 m de large ou largeur the yacht is 4 m wide

en avoir pour: j'en ai pour 500 euros it's costing me 500 euros

tu en as pour 12 jours/deux heures it'll take you 12 days/two hours

5. [exprime l'âge] to be

quel âge as-tu? how old are you?

j'ai 35 ans I'm 35 (years old)

nous avons le même âge we're the same age

il a deux ans de plus que moi he's two years older than me

il vient d'avoir 74 ans he's just turned 74

C.

1. [subir - symptôme] to have, to show, to display ; [ - maladie, hoquet, mal de tête etc.] to have ; [ - accident, souci, ennuis] to have ; [ - difficultés] to have, to experience ; [ - opération] to undergo, to have ; [ - crise] to have, to go through (inseparable)

avoir de la fièvre to have ou to be running a temperature

avoir un cancer to have cancer

je ne sais pas ce que j'ai aujourd'hui I don't know what's the matter ou what's wrong with me today

sa sœur n'a rien eu his sister escaped unscathed

le car n'a rien eu du tout, mais la moto est fichue (familier) there wasn't a scratch on the bus but the motorbike's a write-off

qu'est-ce qu'elle a encore, cette voiture? (familier) NOW what's wrong with this car?

il a des souris chez lui he's got mice

un enfant/chaton qui a des vers a child/kitten with worms

2. [émettre, produire - mouvement] to make ; [ - ricanement, regard, soupir] to give

avoir un sursaut to (give a) start

elle eut cette phrase devenue célèbre she said ou uttered those now famous words

il eut une moue de dédain he pouted disdainfully

3. [ressentir]

avoir faim to be ou to feel hungry

avoir peur to be ou to feel afraid

avoir des remords to feel remorse

avoir du chagrin to feel ou to be sad

avoir un pressentiment to have a premonition

avoir de l'amitié pour quelqu'un to regard ou to consider somebody as a friend

je n'ai que mépris pour lui I feel only contempt for him

avoir du respect pour quelqu'un to have respect for ou to respect somebody

en avoir après ou contre quelqu'un (familier) to be angry with somebody

ce chien/cette guêpe en a après toi! this dog/wasp has got it in for you!

en avoir après ou contre quelque chose to be angry about something

4. [élaborer par l'esprit - avis, idée, suggestion] to have

j'ai mes raisons I have my reasons

elle a toujours réponse à tout she's got an answer for everything

D.

1. [battre, surpasser] to get, to beat

il va se faire avoir dans la dernière ligne droite he's going to get beaten in the final straight

2. [escroquer] to have, to do, to con

1 500 euros pour ce buffet? tu t'es fait avoir! 1,500 euros for that dresser? you were conned ou had ou done!

3. [duper] to take in (separable), to take for a ride, to have

tu t'es fait avoir! you've been had ou taken in ou taken for a ride!

tu essaies de m'avoir! you're having ou putting me on!

n'essaie pas de m'avoir don't try it on with me

E. [devoir participer à - débat, élection, réunion] to have, to hold ; [ - rendez-vous] to have

j'ai (un) cours de chimie ce matin I've got a chemistry lesson this morning

————————

il y a verbe impersonnel

1. [dans une description, une énumération - suivi d'un singulier] there is ; [ - suivi d'un pluriel] there are

il n'y a pas de lit there is no bed

il y a du soleil the sun is shining

qu'est-ce qu'il y a dans la malle? what's in the trunk?

il n'y a qu'ici qu'on en trouve this is the only place (where) you can find it/them

il y a juste de quoi faire une jupe there is just enough to make a skirt

avoue qu'il y a de quoi être énervé! you must admit it's pretty irritating!

merci — il n'y a pas de quoi! thank you — don't mention it ou you're welcome!

il n'y a rien à faire, la voiture ne démarre pas it's no good, the car won't start

il n'y a pas à dire, il sait ce qu'il veut there's no denying he knows what he wants

il n'y a que lui pour dire une chose pareille! trust him to say something like that!

qu'est-ce qu'il y a? — il y a que j'en ai marre! (familier) what's the matter? — I'm fed up, that's what!

il y a voiture et voiture there are cars and cars

il n'y en a que pour lui! (familier) he's the one who gets all the attention!

il y en a ou il y a des gens, je vous jure! (familier) some people, honestly ou really!

2. [exprimant la possibilité, l'obligation etc.]

il n'y a qu'à lui dire you/we etc. just have to tell him

il n'y a qu'à commander pour être servi you only have to order to get served

3. [indiquant la durée]

il y a 20 ans de ça 20 years ago

il y a une heure que j'attends I've been waiting for an hour

4. [indiquant la distance]

il y a bien 3 km d'ici au village it's at least 3 km to the village

5. (à l'infinitif)

il va y avoir de la pluie there's going to be some rain

il doit y avoir une raison there must be a ou some reason