s

See also: Appendix:Variations of "s"

s	U+0073, s LATIN SMALL LETTER S

← r
[U+0072]

Basic Latin

t →
[U+0074]

Character variations

ˢ	U+02E2, ˢ MODIFIER LETTER SMALL S

← ˡ
[U+02E1]

Spacing Modifier Letters

ˣ →
[U+02E3]

𝆍	U+1D18D, 𝆍 MUSICAL SYMBOL SUBITO

← 𝆌
[U+1D18C]

Musical Symbols

𝆎 →
[U+1D18E]

ｓ	U+FF53, ｓ FULLWIDTH LATIN SMALL LETTER S

← ｒ
[U+FF52]

Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms

ｔ →
[U+FF54]

Languages (68)

Translingual • English

Afar • Alemannic German • Azerbaijani • Basque • Catalan • Central Mazahua • Czech • Dakota • Dutch • Egyptian • Esperanto • Estonian • Faroese • Finnish • French • Fula • German • Ghomara • Gothic • Hungarian • Icelandic • Ido • Irish • Italian • Japanese • Kankanaey • Kashubian • Khiamniungan Naga • Latin • Latvian • Livonian • Luxembourgish • Malay • Maltese • Mòcheno • Navajo • North Frisian • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Nupe • Nuxalk • Old English • Old Polish • Oromo • Polish • Portuguese • Romani • Romanian • Saanich • Scottish Gaelic • Serbo-Croatian • Silesian • Skolt Sami • Slovak • Slovene • Spanish • Swedish • Tagalog • Tarifit • Tlingit • Turkish • Turkmen • Vilamovian • Welsh • Yoruba • Zulu

Page categories

Translingual

English Wikipedia has an article on:

s

Wikipedia

Alternative forms

ſ (archaic)

Letter

s (lower case, upper case S)

The nineteenth letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.

Pronunciation

Pronunciation of IPA [sːɑː, ɑssɑː] with the sound [s]: (file)

Symbol

English Wikipedia has an article on:

Voiceless alveolar fricative

Wikipedia

s

Second, the SI base unit for measurement of time.
Alternative form: sec (non-SI variant)
- 2025 August, “The International System of Units (SI)”, in Bureau International des Poids et Mesures‎^[1] (in English), archived from the original on 17 September 2025, page 147:
  It is not permissible to use abbreviations for unit symbols or unit names, such as sec (for either s or second), sq. mm (for either mm² or square millimetre), cc (for either cm³ or cubic centimetre), or mps (for either m/s or metre per second).
(IPA) A voiceless alveolar fricative.
(superscript ⟨ˢ⟩) [s]-fricated release, [s]-coloring, or a weak, fleeting or epenthetic [s] – see ⟨ˢ⟩.
(mathematics, statistics) Sample standard deviation.
Coordinate term: σ

Gallery

Letter styles
Uppercase and lowercase versions of S, in normal and italic type
Uppercase (left) and lowercase (right) S in Fraktur. The middle character is ⟨ſ⟩, an archaic form of writing lower-case s in some positions.

English

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

(name of letter) IPA^(key): /ɛs/
- Audio (US): (file)
- Rhymes: -ɛs
(phoneme): IPA^(key): /s/, /ʃ/, /z/, /ʒ/

Letter

s (lower case, upper case S, plural ss or s's)

The nineteenth letter of the English alphabet, called ess and written in the Latin script.
Hyponyms: short s, round s, terminal s; long s, descending s, medial s; closed round s; insular s; trailing s; sharp s, double S

Derived terms

Number

s (lower case, upper case S, plural ss or s's)

The nineteenth numeral symbol of the English alphabet, called ess and written in the Latin script.

Etymology 2

Abbreviations.

Noun

s

(metrology) Abbreviation of scruple, a unit of mass in the apothecaries' system.
(physics) Abbreviation of strange quark.
Alternative form of s..

Derived terms

s-hole

Afar

Letter

s (lower case, upper case S)

The fourth letter of the Afar alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Alemannic German

Alternative forms

ds (Bern)

Etymology

From Middle High German daz, from Old High German daz, from Proto-Germanic *þat, from Proto-Indo-European *tód, nominative and accusative singular neuter of *só. Cognate with German das, Dutch dat, English that, Icelandic það.

Article

s n

(definite) the
- 1978, Rolf Lyssy and Christa Maerker, Die Schweizermacher (transcript):
  Wüssed Si, Herr Bodmer, das isches, was ich so bewundere an de Schwitzer: Ire Humor. I jedere Situazion s’richtige Wort.
  You know, Mr Bodmer, that's what I admire about the Swiss – their humour. The right word for every situation.
- 2010, Pedro Lenz, Der Goalie bin ig:
  D Wohnig isch d Wohnig und ds Business isch ds Business.
  Accommodation is accommodation, and business is business.

Declension

Alemannic German definite articles
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
nominative/accusative	de dr (Bern)	d	s ds (Bern)	d
dative	em	der	em	de

Masculine nominative/accusative singular de has the form der before a vowel, e.g. der alt Maa ‘the old man’
Dative plural de has the form den before a vowel, e.g. den alte Fraue ‘(to) the old women’
Feminine singular d and plural d have the variant di before an adjective, e.g. di jung Mueter ‘the young mother’

Azerbaijani

Pronunciation

(phoneme) IPA^(key): [s]
(letter name) IPA^(key): [es], [seː], [sɯː]

Letter

s (lower case, upper case S)

The twenty-fifth letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Basque

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /es̺e/, [e̞.s̺e̞]

Letter

s (lower case, upper case S)

The twentieth letter of the Basque alphabet, called ese and written in the Latin script.

Catalan

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (Northern) [ˈe̞.sə]
IPA^(key): (Balearic, Central) [ˈe.sə]
IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ˈe.se], [ˈes]
IPA^(key): (Northwestern) [ˈe.sa]

Letter

s (lower case, upper case S)

The nineteenth letter of the Catalan alphabet, called essa, esse or es and written in the Latin script.

Central Mazahua

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /s/

Letter

s (lower case, upper case S)

A letter of the Central Mazahua alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Czech

Alternative forms

se (used before s, z, and certain consonant clusters)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *sem-

Proto-Indo-European *sm̥-

Proto-Balto-Slavic *san?

Proto-Indo-European *ḱe?

Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm?

Proto-Slavic *sъ(n)

Old Czech s, se

Czech s

Inherited from Old Czech s, se, from Proto-Slavic *sъ(n).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /s/
Audio: (file)
Audio: (file)

Preposition

s

with [with instrumental]
Antonyms: bez, beze

setkat se s někým ― to meet someone

chléb s máslem ― bread and butter

s pozdravem ― best regards
(dated, literary) down from, off [with genitive]
Synonym: z

dolů s (also z) kopce ― down the hill

Talíř je ve skříni. Vezmi jej ze skříně. Talíř je na skříni. Spadne se (also ze) skříně.
(please add an English translation of this usage example)
(obsolete) enough for, stronger than, above [with accusative]
1. today only found in these phrases:
  být s to ― to be capable
  
  seč ― as much as
  
  kdo s koho ― who is stronger than whom

Usage notes

The more usual form is s, while se is used before words starting with s, z and certain consonant clusters.
According to the older rule, the genitive preposition s (off) should be used where na (on) is used for the position, whereas z (from) where v (in) is used. Today, it is normally replaced by z.

Dakota

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /s/

Letter

s (lower case, upper case S)

A letter of the Dakota alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Dutch

Pronunciation

Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -ɛs
(letter name): IPA^(key): /ɛs/

Letter

s (lower case, upper case S)

The nineteenth letter of the Dutch alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Egyptian

Pronunciation

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /sɛ/
- Conventional anglicization: se

Noun

m

The object depicted in the hieroglyph

. The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:
1. A cloth

Inflection

Declension of s (masculine)
singular	s
dual	swj
plural	sw

Noun

m

A vessel or container (made of gold) [18th dynasty]

Inflection

Declension of s (masculine)
singular	s
dual	swj
plural	sw

Noun

m

A type of waterfowl, perhaps the Eurasian teal (Anas crecca),^[1] especially as an offering for the dead [Old Kingdom]
alternative form of sr (“type of goose”)

Inflection

Declension of s (masculine)
singular	s
dual	swj
plural	sw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of s

s

Noun

m

abbreviation of snb (“health”), in the formula ꜥnḫ wḏꜣ snb (“life, prosperity, health”)

Pronoun

f sg 3. enclitic (‘dependent’) pronoun

alternative form of sj (“she, her”)

Pronoun

m sg 3. enclitic (‘dependent’) pronoun

alternative form of sw (“he, him”) [Middle and New Kingdom]

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of s

[Middle Kingdom]

[New Kingdom]

Romanization

s

Alternative transliteration of z.

References

James P[eter] Allen (2010), Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 51.
Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1926–1961), Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN

^ Berman, Lawrence M.; Bohač, Kenneth J. (1999), The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Egyptian Art, New York: Hudson Hills Press, pages 140–141

Esperanto

Pronunciation

(phoneme)

IPA^(key): /s/, (before a voiced obstruent) /z/

(letter)

IPA^(key): /ˈso/
Audio: (file)

Letter

s (lower case, upper case S)

The twenty-second letter of the Esperanto alphabet, called so and written in the Latin script.

Estonian

Estonian Wikipedia has an article on:

s

Wikipedia ^et

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈesː/

Letter

s (lower case, upper case S)

The nineteenth letter of the Estonian alphabet, called ess and written in the Latin script.

Noun

s

abbreviation of sent; cent

Faroese

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /s/

Letter

s (lower case, upper case S)

The twenty-first letter of the Faroese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Finnish

Etymology

The Finnish orthography using the Latin script was based on those of Swedish, German, and Latin, and was first used in the mid-16th century. No earlier script is known. See the Wikipedia article on Finnish for more information, and s for information on the development of the glyph itself.

Pronunciation

(sound): IPA^(key): /s/

IPA^(key): /ˈæs/, [ˈæs̠] (letter name)
IPA^(key): /ˈes/, [ˈe̞s̠] (letter name, dated)
Audio: äs, sissi, sauna, äs: (file)
Rhymes: -æs

Letter

s (lower case, upper case S)

The nineteenth letter of the Finnish alphabet, called äs or es and written in the Latin script.

Derived terms

compounds

Noun

s

(housing) abbreviation of sauna (“sauna”)

French

Pronunciation

(letter name) IPA^(key): /ɛs/

Letter

s (lower case, upper case S)

The nineteenth letter of the French alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Fula

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /s/

Letter

s (lower case, upper case S)

A letter of the Fula alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Usage notes

Common to all varieties of Fula (Fulfulde / Pulaar / Pular).

German

Letter

s n (lower case, upper case S)

The nineteenth letter of the German alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Noun

s n (strong, genitive s, plural s)

alternative letter-case form of S

Declension

Declension of s [neuter, strong]
	singular			plural
	indef.	def.	noun	def.	noun
nominative	ein	das	s	die	s
genitive	eines	des	s	der	s
dative	einem	dem	s	den	s
accusative	ein	das	s	die	s

Ghomara

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Berber.

Preposition

s

(instrumental) with, by means of, using
Iddez ibawen s usɣar. ― He crushed the beans with a stick.
(causal) from, because of
Isɣaren-ihin tazzgen s lehwa. ― Those sticks become wet from the rain.

Usage notes

Nouns following this preposition are placed in the annexed state.

Gothic

Romanization

s

romanization of 𐍃

Hungarian

Alternative forms

ſ (obsolete)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈʃ]
Audio; “s” (conjunction): (file)
(conjunction): IPA^(key): [ˈʃ]
(letter name): IPA^(key): [ˈɛʃː]

Conjunction

s

short of és (“and”)
- 2007, Ármin Vámbéry, chapter IV, in A Nyugat kultúrája Keleten‎^[3], Lilium Aurum, →ISBN, page 297:
  Az Iszlámot tehát nem lehetett oly könnyen felforgatni, mint a kereszténységet, mely a tudomány első támadására mindjárt alapjaiban rázkódott meg, s melyet ma már csak mesterségesen tud összetartani az Egyház és azok a kor mányok, melyeknek társadalmi vagy magánérdeke, hogy virágozzék.
  Islam, therefore, could not be overturned as easily as Christianity, which was shaken to its very foundations at the first attack of science, and which today is only held together artificially by the Church and those governments whose social or private interests require it to flourish.

Derived terms

Compound words

Expressions

Letter

s (lower case, upper case S)

The thirtieth letter of the Hungarian alphabet, called ess and written in the Latin script.

Declension

Inflection (stem in *-e-*, front unrounded harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	s	s-ek
accusative	s-et	s-eket
dative	s-nek	s-eknek
instrumental	s-sel	s-ekkel
causal-final	s-ért	s-ekért
translative	s-sé	s-ekké
terminative	s-ig	s-ekig
essive-formal	s-ként	s-ekként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	s-ben	s-ekben
superessive	s-en	s-eken
adessive	s-nél	s-eknél
illative	s-be	s-ekbe
sublative	s-re	s-ekre
allative	s-hez	s-ekhez
elative	s-ből	s-ekből
delative	s-ről	s-ekről
ablative	s-től	s-ektől
non-attributive possessive – singular	s-é	s-eké
non-attributive possessive – plural	s-éi	s-ekéi

Possessive forms of s
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	s-em	s-eim
2nd person sing.	s-ed	s-eid
3rd person sing.	s-e	s-ei
1st person plural	s-ünk	s-eink
2nd person plural	s-etek	s-eitek
3rd person plural	s-ük	s-eik

Icelandic

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈɛs(ː)] (letter name)

Letter

s (lower case, upper case S)

The twenty-second letter of the Icelandic alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Ido

Pronunciation

(context pronunciation) IPA^(key): /s/
(letter name) IPA^(key): /se/

Letter

s (lower case, upper case S)

The nineteenth letter of the Ido alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Irish

Letter

s (lower case, upper case S)

The sixteenth letter of the Irish alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Italian

Letter

s f or m (lower case, upper case S, invariable)

The seventeenth letter of the Italian alphabet, called esse and written in the Latin script.

Japanese

Etymology

Short of さん (san).

Suffix

s(さん) • (-san)

(Internet slang) alternative spelling of さん (san)

Related terms

c(ちゃん) (chan), ©️(ちゃん)

Kankanaey

Etymology

Borrowed from Tagalog s. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English s.

Pronunciation

(letter name) IPA^(key): /ʔes/ [ʔes]
- Rhymes: -es
(phoneme) IPA^(key): /s/ [s]

Letter

s (lower case, upper case S)

The twenty-first letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called es and written in the Latin script.

References

Komisyon ng Wikang Filipino (2016), Ortograpiya di Kankanaëy [Kankanaey Orthography]‎^[4] (in Kankanaey and Tagalog), →ISBN, pages 10-11

Kashubian

Etymology

The Kashubian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Kashubian alphabet article on Wikipedia for more, and s for development of the glyph itself.

Letter

s (lower case, upper case S)

The twenty-sixth letter of the Kashubian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Khiamniungan Naga

Etymology

The Khiamniungan Naga language is presently written using the Latin alphabet. No indigenous or alternative script has been documented from earlier periods in the language's history. For a detailed description of the writing system's conventions including vowel and Consonant representation, tone marking (such as the use of h for glottal, the letter ü is pronounced ə), and orthographic rules, see the Wikipedia article on the Khiamniungan alphabet.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sə³³/

Letter

s (lower case, upper case S)

(Patsho) The seventeenth letter of the Khiamniungan Naga alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Pronunciation guide

Uppercase	IPA	Canonical Pronunciation	Phonetic examples in English	Phonetic examples in Khiamniungan Naga
A	a	aa	father	āmpāu(pastor)
Ch	tʃʰ	tʃʰə	chair, watch	chām(book)
E	ɛ	a	bed, elephant	ēm(colony of Jhumland)
H	h	hə	husband	hǖhêi(hello)
I	i	ee	beet	îe(winnowing tray)
J	tʃ	tʃə	picture, culture, nature	jām(house)
K	k	kə	sky, skip	kēu(uncle)
Kh	kʰ	kʰə	canoe, Cost, cat	khèu(head)
L	l	lə	alone	lāi(spear)
M	m	mə	money	màu(ant)
N	n	nə	nine, never	nòk
Ng	ŋ	ŋə	sing, throng	ngēm(news)
Ny	ɲ	ɲə	canyon, bunyan	nyù(mother)
O	ɔ	ɔ	orange	ônyù(sky)
P	P	pə	spill, span	pòu(father)
Ph	pʰ	pʰə	pound	phōh(hand)
S	ʃ	ʃə	sound	sā(liver)
Sh	ʃʰ	ʃʰə	shine	shām(mat)
T	t	tə	stop, stand	tòuh(wild pig)
Th	tʰ	tʰə	Thomas	thoi(pumking)
Ts	ts	tsə	cats, hats, pizza	tsēm(salt)
Tsh	Tsʰ	Tsʰə	tshep(kiss)	tshō(traditional basket)
U	ʊ, u	ʊ, u	look, hoop	ûo(goat)
Ü	ə	ə	banana	chǖlám
V	v	və	very	vèu(chicken)
W	w	wə	watt	wā(flour)
Y	j	jə	yellow	yòh(pig)
Glottal(h) is used at the end of the word	ʔ	ʔ stop	Mountain, button, cotton	chāh(through)

Latin

Letter

s (lower case, upper case S)

A letter of the Latin alphabet, written in the Latin script, representing the sound /s/.

Latvian

Latvian Wikipedia has an article on:

s

Wikipedia ^lv

Etymology

Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [s]

This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

Letter

s (lower case, upper case S)

The twenty-sixth letter of the Latvian alphabet, called es and written in the Latin script.

Livonian

Pronunciation

(phoneme) IPA^(key): /s/

Letter

s (lower case, upper case S)

The thirty-first letter of the Livonian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Luxembourgish

Letter

s (lower case, upper case S)

The nineteenth letter of the Luxembourgish alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Malay

Letter

s (lower case, upper case S)

The nineteenth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Maltese

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /s/
IPA^(key): /z/ (by assimilation to a following voiced obstruent)

Letter

s (lower case, upper case S)

The twenty-third letter of the Maltese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Mòcheno

Etymology 1

From Middle High German ëz, iz, from Old High German iz, from Proto-West Germanic *it, from Proto-Germanic *it, nominative/accusative singular neuter of *iz. Cognate with German es.

Pronoun

s

it

Inflection

Personal pronouns
	singular	plural
1st person	i	biar
2nd person	du	ir
3rd person	er, si, s	sei

Etymology 2

From Middle High German daz, from Old High German daz, from Proto-Germanic *þat. Cognate with German das, English that.

Article

s (masculine der, feminine de, plural de)

the, nominative singular neuter definite article

References

“s” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.

Navajo

Letter

s (lower case, upper case S)

A letter of the Navajo alphabet, written in the Latin script.

North Frisian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [s], [z]

Letter

s (lower case, upper case S)

A letter of the North Frisian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Usage notes

Word or stem-initial ⟨s⟩ is always voiceless. Otherwise the voice distinction is allophonic in Sylt Frisian: [z] occurs intervocalically after a (stressed) long vowel, else [s]. In the other dialects the distinction is phonemic. The general tendency, here too, is that [s] follows short vowels and [z] follows long ones, but there are many exceptions to this rule of thumb.
Palatal ⟨sj⟩ is usually pronounced [ʃ] at the start of a word or stressed syllable. However, in Mooring and predominantly also in Föhr-Amrum Frisian, the spelling ⟨sch⟩ is used for these cases instead of ⟨sj⟩. Compare e.g. Sylt sjocht vs. Mooring schucht.

Norwegian Bokmål

Norwegian Wikipedia has an article on:

S

Wikipedia ^no

Etymology

The lowercase form of S. Its modern rounded shape developed from cursive and minuscule forms of Latin S. In medieval and early modern writing, round ⟨s⟩ coexisted with long ⟨ſ⟩; long ⟨ſ⟩ was generally used initially and medially, while round ⟨s⟩ was normally used word-finally. The round form eventually became standard in all positions as long ⟨ſ⟩ fell out of general use around the beginning of the 19th century.

The Latin letter was adopted through Etruscan 𐌔 (s) from a western form of Ancient Greek Σ (S, “sigma”), ultimately from Phoenician 𐤔 (š, “šīn; tooth”). The Norwegian letter name ess ultimately continues Latin es (“the name of the letter S”).

The unit symbol s is taken from the initial letter of sekund (“second”).

Pronunciation

(letter name) IPA^(key): /ɛsː/, /esː/
(consonant sound) IPA^(key): /s/
(in ⟨sj⟩, ⟨skj⟩, ⟨sk⟩ and ⟨sl⟩) IPA^(key): /ʃ/
(in ⟨rs⟩) IPA^(key): /ʂ/
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -ɛsː
Homophone: S
Hyphenation: s

Letter

s (lower case, upper case S)

The nineteenth letter of the Norwegian Bokmål alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Derived terms

genitiv-s (“genitive s”)
genitivs-s (“genitive s”)
s-genitiv (“s-genitive”)
s-verb (“s-verb”)

Noun

s m (definite singular s-en, indefinite plural s-er, definite plural s-ene)

The lowercase form of S, the nineteenth letter of the Norwegian Bokmål alphabet, written in the Latin script; preceded by r and followed by t.
The written representation of the Norwegian consonant sound /s/. In certain combinations, including ⟨sj⟩, ⟨skj⟩, ⟨sk⟩ and ⟨sl⟩, it may form the sound /ʃ/, while ⟨rs⟩ may be pronounced /ʂ/.
The consonant sound represented by the letter s.
- 2026, Erik Fosnes Hansen, Om natten er jeg i Kina, page 91:
  hun hadde problemer med det stemte s-ene, ellers gikk det stort sett bra med [den tyske] uttalen
  she had trouble with the voiced s sounds, but otherwise the [German] pronunciation was mostly fine
(cooking) A small cookie made by piping dough into the shape of the letter s.

Symbol

s

(metrology) The symbol for the second, the SI base unit of time.

References

“s” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
“s” in Norwegian Academy Dictionary (NAOB).
“S” in Encyclopædia Britannica.
“S – bokstav” in Store norske leksikon.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Letter

s (lower case, upper case S)

The nineteenth letter of the Norwegian Nynorsk alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Noun

s m (definite singular s-en, indefinite plural s-ar, definite plural s-ane)

the letter S

References

“s” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Nupe

Pronunciation

(phoneme): IPA^(key): /s/

Letter

s (lower case, upper case S)

The twenty-first letter of the Nupe alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Nuxalk

Pronunciation

(phoneme): IPA^(key): /s/, [s], [ʃ]

Letter

s (lower case, upper case S)

The twenty-second letter of the Nuxalk alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Old English

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /s/, [s], (between vowels) [z]

Letter

s (lower case, upper case S)

A letter of the Old English alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Old Polish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /z/, /s/

Preposition

s

alternative form of z

Oromo

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsɐ/

Syllables - sa, Count - 1
- Audio: (file)

Letter

s (lower case, upper case S)

The nineteenth letter of the Oromo alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Polish

Etymology

The Polish orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the history of Polish orthography article on Wikipedia for more, and s for development of the glyph itself.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɛs/
Audio: (file)

Letter

s (lower case, upper case S)

The twenty-fourth letter of the Polish alphabet, called es and written in the Latin script.

Portuguese

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Letter name: (esse)

(Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈɛ.si/

(Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈɛ.sɨ/

Letter

s m (lower case, upper case S)

The nineteenth letter of the Portuguese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

ss

Adverb

s

(Brazil, Internet slang, text messaging) abbreviation of sim (“yes”)

Noun

s m (plural ss)

(Brazil, Internet slang, text messaging) abbreviation of sim (“yes”)

Interjection

s

(Brazil, Internet slang, text messaging) abbreviation of sim (“yes”)

Etymology 3

Noun

s m (uncountable)

abbreviation of segundo
1. used to indicate any sequence of time in seconds
  O atleta completou a corrida em 1h20min45s
  The athlete completed the race in 1 hour, 21 minutes and 45 seconds

Usage notes

This abbreviation uses no spaces or points and must always follow a number.
This abbreviation is often preceded by a number followed by m, used to represent minutes, which can be in turn preceded by h, to represent hours.
- Example: 20h43min08s

Romani

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /s/

Letter

s (lower case, upper case S)

(International Standard) The twenty-fourth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
(Pan-Vlax) The twenty-fifth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Romanian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /s/

Letter

s (lower case, upper case S)

The twenty-second letter of the Romanian alphabet, called es, se or sî and written in the Latin script.

Saanich

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /s/

Letter

s (no case)

The thirty-ninth letter of the Saanich alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Suffix

s

forms the third-person possessive form of a noun.

Usage notes

This letter is used only for the possessive suffix. Saanich is otherwise written in all capitals.

Scottish Gaelic

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /s̪/

Letter

s (lower case, upper case S)

The sixteenth letter of the Scottish Gaelic alphabet, written in the Latin script; preceded by r and followed by t; traditionally named suil (“willow”).

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

See Translingual section.

Pronunciation

(phoneme) IPA^(key): /s/

Letter

s (lower case, upper case S, Cyrillic equivalent с)

The twenty-fourth letter of the Serbo-Croatian alphabet (gajica), written in the Latin script; preceded by r and followed by š.

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sъ(n), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱom.

Alternative forms

sa (see usage notes)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /s/

Preposition

s (Cyrillic spelling с)

with, together with, along with [with instrumental]
s nekim raditi ― to work with sb

s nekim se svađati ― to quarrel with sb

s nekim ratovati ― to wage war with sb

d(j)evojka s plavom kosom ― a girl with blonde hair

s godinama dolazi mudrost ― with age comes wisdom

s ljubavlju ― with love

pozdraviti se jedno s drugim ― part ways with each other
- 1898, Vojislav Stanković, “Đurđevdan”, in Stari Dani‎^[5], archived from the original on 8 March 2022, page 1:
  Gledam živu, tesnu ulicu, ograđenu visokim zidovima, s velikim kapijama i razgranatim drvećem, koje se pruža, te je kiti zelenom.
  I look at lively, narrow streets, high fenced walls, with large gates and branched trees, which stretch, and adorn it with green.
from, off, on [with genitive]
sa zapada ― from the west

s leđa ― from the back

posmatrati/promatrati s prozora ― to observe from the window

ljudi s planine ― people from the mountain

Policajac sa Beverli Hilsa ― Beverly Hills Cop

Pao sam sa stabla. ― I fell off the tree.

s druge strane ― on the other hand
(proscribed, shortening of iz tog) [with genitive] because of (= iz, zbȍg)
s tog razloga ― for that reason
miscellaneous prepositional senses in phrases that employ a connection [with instrumental]
Šta/Što je s tobom? ― What's wrong with you?

s vremenom ― in time
- 1942-1945, Ivo Andrić, chapter 1, in Na Drini Ćuprija‎^[6]:
  Tako su se i ovde, s vremenom, rojile kuće i množila naselja na oba kraja mosta.
  Here also in time the houses crowded together and the settlemnts multiplied at both ends of the bridge.

Usage notes

s takes the alternative form sa in the following environments:
- before the sibilants /s, š, z, ž/:
  sa stránē
  aside
  
  sa škȏlōm
  with school
  
  sa zȗbom
  with the tooth
  
  sa živòtom
  with life
- before the clusters /kn, ks, kć, ps, pt, pš/:
  sa knȇzom
  with the duke
  
  sa ksȉlofōnom
  with the xilophone
  
  sa kćȅri
  with the daughter
  
  sa psȍm
  with the dog
  
  sa ptȉcōm
  with the bird
  
  sa pšènicōm
  with wheat
- before the instrumental form of the first-person pronoun jȃ (“I”)
  sȁ mnōm
  with me

Etymology 3

Abbreviation of srednji rod.

Alternative forms

s.

Noun

s m animacy unspecified (Cyrillic spelling с)

(grammar) neuter gender

Silesian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /s/
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -s
Syllabification: s

Etymology 1

The Silesian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. 3 main scripts exist, the Steuer Alphabet made in 1934, the Silesian Phonetic Alphabet in 2006, and the Elementary alphabet made in the late 2000s. See the Silesian language article on Wikipedia for more, and s for development of the glyph itself.

Letter

s (lower case, upper case S)

The twenty-sixth letter of the Silesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Etymology 2

Preposition

s

alternative form of z

Skolt Sami

Pronunciation

(phoneme) IPA^(key): /s/

Letter

s (lower case, upper case S)

The twenty-eighth letter of the Skolt Sami alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Slovak

Alternative forms

so

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *sem-

Proto-Indo-European *sm̥-

Proto-Balto-Slavic *san?

Proto-Indo-European *ḱe?

Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm?

Proto-Slavic *sъ(n)

Slovak s

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sъ(n).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /s/
IPA^(key): (before voiced and sonorous consonants and vowels) /z/

Preposition

s [with instrumental]

with
Antonyms: bez, bezo

Tancujem s tebou. ― I am dancing with you.
- 1903, Jozef Gregor Tajovský, Maco Mlieč:
  Gazda vystrojil mu krásny pohreb s kňazom.
  The farmer held a beautiful funeral with a priest for him.

Slovene

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /s/

Letter

s (lower case, upper case S)

The nineteenth letter of the Slovene alphabet, written in the Latin script.
The twenty-sixth letter of the Slovene alphabet (Resian), written in the Latin script.
The twentieth letter of the Slovene alphabet (Natisone Valley dialect), written in the Latin script.

Preposition

s

alternative form of z, used before a voiceless consonant

Spanish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (phoneme) /s/, /s̺/, /s̄/
IPA^(key): (letter name) /ˈese/ [ˈe.se]
- Audio (Spain): (file)
- Rhymes: -ese

Letter

s (lower case, upper case S)

The twentieth letter of the Spanish alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Swedish

Pronunciation

Rhymes: -ɛsː

Letter

s (lower case, upper case S)

The twenty-second letter of the Swedish alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Derived terms

foge-s (“joining s; -s-”)

Noun

s

page; abbreviation of sida

Tagalog

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Spanish s. Each pronunciation has a different source:

Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English s.
Abakada alphabet pronunciation is influenced by Baybayin character ᜐ (sa).
Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish s.

Pronunciation

(Standard Tagalog)
- IPA^(key): /ˈʔes/ [ˈʔɛs] (letter name, Filipino alphabet)
  - Rhymes: -es
- IPA^(key): /ˈsa/ [ˈsa] (letter name, Abakada alphabet)
  - Rhymes: -a
- IPA^(key): /ˈʔese/ [ˈʔɛː.sɛ] (letter name, Abecedario)
  - Rhymes: -ese
- IPA^(key): /s/ [s] (phoneme)

Letter

s (lower case, upper case S)

the twenty-first letter of the Filipino alphabet, called es and written in the Latin script
the sixteenth letter of the Abakada alphabet, called sa and written in the Latin script
(historical) the twenty-second letter of the Abecedario, called ese and written in the Latin script

Etymology 2

From the Abakada alphabet letter s being pronounced as sa.

Pronunciation

(Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /sa/ [sɐ]
Rhymes: -a

Pronoun

s (Baybayin spelling ᜐ) (Internet slang, text messaging)

abbreviation of sa: in; on; at
d2 s 7hol
Here in the city hall.

Tarifit

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Berber.

Pronunciation

(Nador) IPA^(key): [s]
Syllabification: s

Preposition

s (Tifinagh spelling ⵙ)

instrumental preposition
1. with, by means of
  Ixeddem s ufus. ― He works with his hand.
  
  Yebna s weẓru d ucař. ― He built with stone and earth.
2. because of, from
  War tzemmar a tessiweř s wenni t-yarbban.
  She cannot speak because of the one who raised her.
  
  Yettarjiji s usemmiḍ. ― He is shivering from the cold.
3. (temporal) at
  Yeffeɣ s ǧiřet ― He left at night.

Usage notes

Nouns following this preposition are placed in the annexed state.

References

Tlingit

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /s/

Letter

s (lower case, upper case S)

A letter of the Tlingit alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Turkish

Letter

s (lower case, upper case S)

The twenty-second letter of the Turkish alphabet, called se and written in the Latin script.

Turkmen

Pronunciation

(phoneme) IPA^(key): /θ/, /s/

Letter

s (lower case, upper case S)

The twenty-second letter of the Turkmen alphabet, called es and written in the Latin script.

Vilamovian

Etymology

From Middle High German ëȥ, from Old High German iȥ, from Proto-West Germanic *it, from Proto-Germanic *it (“it”), nominative/accusative singular neuter of *iz (“he, it, she, they”), from Proto-Indo-European *ís (“he, this”).

Pronoun

s

it

Welsh

Pronunciation

(standard) IPA^(key): /ɛs/
- (informal) IPA^(key): /s/

Letter

s (lower case, upper case S)

The twenty-fourth letter of the Welsh alphabet, called ès and written in the Latin script; preceded by rh and followed by t.

Mutation

s cannot be mutated in Welsh.

Yoruba

Pronunciation

(phoneme): IPA^(key): /s/
(letter name): IPA^(key): /sí/

Letter

s (lower case, upper case S)

The twentieth letter of the Yoruba alphabet, called sí and written in the Latin script.

Zulu

Letter

s (lower case, upper case S)

The nineteenth letter of the Zulu alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Translingual

Alternative forms

Letter

Pronunciation

Symbol

Gallery

See also

English

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Letter

Derived terms

Number

Etymology 2

Noun

Derived terms

See also

Afar

Letter

See also

Alemannic German

Alternative forms

Etymology

Article

Declension

Azerbaijani

Pronunciation

Letter

See also

Basque

Pronunciation

Letter

See also

Catalan

Pronunciation

Letter

See also

Central Mazahua

Pronunciation

Letter

See also

Czech

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Preposition

Usage notes

Further reading

Dakota

Pronunciation

Letter

See also

Dutch

Pronunciation

Letter

See also

Egyptian

Pronunciation

Noun

Inflection

Noun

Inflection

Noun

Inflection

Alternative forms

Noun

Pronoun

Pronoun

Alternative forms

Romanization

References

Esperanto

Pronunciation

Letter

See also

Further reading

Estonian

Pronunciation

Letter

Noun