nos

See also: Appendix:Variations of "nos"

Languages (45)

Translingual • English

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Achang • Aragonese • Asturian • Catalan • Cornish • Czech • Fala • Franco-Provençal • French • Galician • Guinea-Bissau Creole • Hungarian • Interlingua • Kamkata-viri • Kashubian • Latin • Lombard • Lower Sorbian • Middle English • Middle High German • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Occitan • Old Czech • Old French • Old High German • Old Polish • Old Slovak • Old Spanish • Papiamentu • Polish • Portuguese • Sardinian • Serbo-Croatian • Silesian • Slovak • Slovene • Spanish • Swedish • Volapük • Walloon • Welsh • Western Apache

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Page categories

Translingual

Etymology

Abbreviation of English Nisu with o as a placeholder.

Symbol

nos

1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Eastern Nisu.

English

Etymology 1

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Alternative forms

• noes

Noun

nos

1. plural of no

Etymology 2

Etymology tree

English no.

Proto-Indo-European *-os

Proto-Indo-European *-ms

Proto-Indo-European *-omsder.

Proto-Germanic *-anzder.?

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂m̥s

Proto-Germanic *-ōz

Proto-Germanic *-ōsder.?

Old English -as

Middle English -es

English -s

English nos

From no. + -s.

Noun

nos

1. Alternative form of nos. Abbreviation of numbers.

Etymology 3

Abbreviation

Noun

nos (countable and uncountable, plural noses)

2. (countable) Acronym of nitrous oxide system.

   Near-synonyms: nos, nox, NOx

4. (uncountable) Abbreviation of nitrous oxide (“N₂O”).

   Synonyms: nox, NOx

   Hypernyms: NOx, nitrogen oxide < oxide < compound, substance, material

   Coordinate terms: nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂)

   Near-synonym: nos

See also

• inter nos

Anagrams

• -son, NSO, ONS, SON, Son, ons, son

Achang

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *na.

Pronunciation

• (Myanmar) /nɔ˧˩/
• (Lianghe) [na⁵⁵]
• (Longchuan) [nɔ⁵⁵]
• (Luxi) [na³¹]
• (Xiandao) [nɔ⁵⁵]

Verb

nos

1. to be sick, ill

Derived terms

• noslom

Further reading

• Inglis, Douglas; Sampu, Nasaw; Jaseng, Wilai; Jana, Thocha (2005), A preliminary Ngochang–Kachin–English Lexicon‎^[2], Payap University, page 95

Aragonese

Alternative forms

• mos, mo' (Benasquese, Low Ribagorçan)

Etymology

From Latin nos. Akin to Spanish nos and French nous.

Pronoun

nos

1. First-person plural dative and accusative pronoun; us

See also

Aragonese personal pronouns

				nominative	disjunctive	dative	accusative
first person	singular			yo	me, m'2
	plural	masculine		nusatros1.1		nos1.6
		feminine		nusatras1.1
second person	singular	familiar		tú	te, t'2
		formal		vusté,1.2 vos
	plural	familiar	masculine	vusatros1.3		vos, tos3
			feminine	vusatras1.3
		formal		vustés,1.2 vos
third person	singular	masculine		él1.4		le1.7	lo,1.8 l'2
		feminine		ella1.5			la
	plural	masculine		els, ellos1.4		les1.7	los1.9
		feminine		ellas1.5			las
	reflexive			—		se, s'2

1. The forms shown in the table are the most widespread ones. Some varieties use different forms:
   1. nusotros/as (Ansotano, Cheso, Somontanos) and nusaltros/as (Benasquese and Belsetán).
   2. usté(s) (Benasquese), ustet(z) (Ansotano), vustet(z) (Tensino, Somontanos)
   3. vusotros/as (Ansotano, Cheso, Somontanos) and vusaltros/as (Benasquese and Belsetán).
   4. ell(s) (Benasquese) and er(s) (Belsetán).
   5. era(s) (Belsetán).
   6. mos (Ribagorçan). Before third-person pronouns and the adverbial pronoun en the contracted form mo' is used.
   7. li(s) (Cheso, Tensino).
   8. el (Ribagorçan). The contracted form l' is used before verbs beginning with vowel sounds and 'l after pronouns ending in vowels and no (“no, not”).
   9. es, els (Ribagorçan). These forms are contracted to 's and 'ls after pronouns ending in vowels and no (“no, not”).
2. The contracted forms are used before verbs beginning with vowel sounds.
3. In Ribagorçan the contracted form to' is used before third-person pronouns and the adverbial pronoun en.

References

• “nos”, in Aragonario, diccionario castellano–aragonés (in Spanish)

Asturian

Alternative forms

• mos (pronoun)
• ños (pronoun)

Etymology 1

From Latin nōs (“we; us”).

Pronoun

nos

1. us (dative and accusative of nosotros/nós)

Etymology 2

From a contraction of the preposition en (“in”) + masculine plural article los (“the”).

Contraction

nos m pl (masculine sg nel, feminine sg na, neuter sg no, feminine plural nes)

1. in the

Catalan

Etymology 1

Inherited from the unstressed accusative of Latin nōs (“we; us”), from Proto-Italic *nōs.

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Central) IPA^(key): /nus/ (always unstressed)
• (Valencia) IPA^(key): /nos/ (always unstressed)

Pronoun

nos (enclitic, contracted 'ns, proclitic ens)

1. us (direct or indirect object)

Usage notes

• -nos is the full (plena) form of the pronoun. It is normally used after verbs ending with a consonant or ⟨u⟩.

  Fes-nos una visita, si us plau! ― Pay us a visit, please!

Declension

Catalan personal pronouns and clitics

			strong/subject	weak (direct object)		weak (indirect object)		possessive
				proclitic	enclitic	proclitic	enclitic
singular	1st person	standard	jo, mi3	em, m’	-me, ’m	em, m’	-me, ’m	meu
		majestic1	nós	ens	-nos, ’ns	ens	-nos, ’ns	nostre
	2nd person	standard	tu	et, t’	-te, ’t	et, t’	-te, ’t	teu
		formal1	vós	us	-vos, -us	us	-vos, -us	vostre
		very formal2	vostè	el, l’	-lo, ’l	li	-li	seu
	3rd person	m	ell	el, l’	-lo, ’l	li	-li	seu
		f	ella	la, l’4	-la	li	-li	seu
		n		ho	-ho	li	-li	seu
plural
	1st person		nosaltres	ens	-nos, ’ns	ens	-nos, ’ns	nostre
	2nd person	standard	vosaltres	us	-vos, -us	us	-vos, -us	vostre
		formal2	vostès	els	-los, ’ls	els	-los, ’ls	seu
	3rd person	m	ells	els	-los, ’ls	els	-los, ’ls	seu
		f	elles	les	-les	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person reflexive			si	es, s’	-se, ’s	es, s’	-se, ’s	seu
adverbial	ablative/genitive			en, n’	-ne, ’n
	locative			hi	-hi

¹ Behaves grammatically as plural.   ² Behaves grammatically as third person.
³ Only as object of a preposition.   ⁴ Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.

Etymology 2

Inherited from the stressed nominative of Latin nōs (“we; us”); see Etymology 1. Replaced in normal usage by nosaltres. For the development of a distinction between stressed and unstressed forms of what was originally a single word, compare Portuguese nós and nos. See also the parallel development in Spanish of nosotros.

Alternative forms

• nós (pre-2016)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Northern) [ˈnus]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic, Central, Valencia, Northwestern) [ˈnos]

Pronoun

nos

1. (archaic) we

   Synonym: nosaltres

2. (royal, majestic) we (the so-called royal we, used by a king or queen to refer to themselves in the first person)

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Northern) [ˈnus]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic, Central, Valencia, Northwestern) [ˈnos]

Noun

nos

1. plural of no (“no”)

Further reading

• Alcover, Antoni Maria; Moll, Francesc de Borja (1963), “nos”, in Diccionari català-valencià-balear (in Catalan)
• “nos”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2026
• “nos”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007

Cornish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nɔːz/

Etymology 1

From Middle Cornish nos, from Old Cornish nos, either inherited from Proto-Celtic *noxs or borrowed from Latin nox. In either case, cognate with Breton noz, Welsh nos and Gaulish nox, all ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *nókʷts.

Noun

nos f (plural nosow)

1. night

Derived terms

• derow nos (“nightfall”)
• dillas nos (“pyjamas”)
• dres nos (“overnight”)
• kist nos, klub nost (“nightclub”)
• krys nos (“night shirt”)
• mantel nos (“nightgown”)
• nos da (“good night”)
• nosweyth (“night-time”)
• pows nos (“nightdress, nightie”)
• pub nos (“every night, nightly”)
• skol nos (“night-school”)
• tykki Duw nos (“moth”)

Adverb

yn nos

1. at night

Etymology 2

From Middle Cornish noz, from Proto-Brythonic *nod, from Latin nota. Cognate with Welsh nod, Irish nod, nóta and English note. Doublet of noten.

Noun

nos m (plural nosow)

1. mark
2. token

Derived terms

• nos devyn (“quotation mark”)
• nos-junya (“hyphen”)
• nosedhek (“notable”)
• nosya (“notate”, verb)
• nosyans (“notation”)

References

• “nos” in Cornish Dictionary / Gerlyver Kernewek, Akademi Kernewek.

Czech

Picture dictionary

nos

lebka

obočí

mozek

oko

ret

nos

ústa

brada

čelist

ucho

spánek

čelo

krk

Click on labels in the image.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈnos]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: nos
• Rhymes: -os

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *néh₂s

Proto-Balto-Slavic *nasús

Proto-Slavic *nosъ

Old Czech nos

Czech nos

Inherited from Old Czech nos.

Noun

nos m inan (diminutive nosík or nůsek, augmentative nosisko)

1. (anatomy) nose

   Synonyms: frňák, čenich, raťafák

Declension

Declension of nos (hard masculine inanimate)

	singular	plural
nominative	nos	nosy
genitive	nosu	nosů
dative	nosu	nosům
accusative	nos	nosy
vocative	nose	nosy
locative	nose, nosu	nosech
instrumental	nosem	nosy

Derived terms

adjectives

• nosní
• nosový

nouns

• nosáč
• nosánek
• nosíček
• nosorožec

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

nos

1. second-person singular imperative of nosit

Further reading

• “nos”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “nos”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “nos”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2026

Fala

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Latin nōs

Old Galician-Portuguese nos

Fala nos

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese nos, from Latin nōs (“we; us”).

Pronoun

nos m pl or f pl

1. First person plural nominative pronoun; we
   • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme IX, Chapter 4: ¿Fala transerrana?:

     I nos, inda hoxii, con autonomía i tó siguimus idendu: “Vo pa Castilla”, […]

     And to this day we, with autonomy and everything, keep on saying: “I’ll go to Castille”, […]

2. (Mañegu) First person plural dative and accusative pronoun; us
   • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme II, Chapter 2: Recunquista:

     Non poemos analizar con pormenoris estis siglos, pero tampoco se debi toleral que, sin fundamentus, se poña en duda algo que a Historia documentá nos lega sobre nossa terra.

     We can’t thoroughly analyse these centuries, but one mustn’t tolerate that, unfoundedly, something documented history tells us about our land be questioned.

Usage notes

• In Mañegu noshotrus and noshotras are more commonly used as subject pronouns.
• Takes the form -nus when used as an object pronoun suffixed to an impersonal verb form.

See also

Fala personal pronouns

			nominative	dative	accusative	disjunctive
singular	first person		ei	me, -mi		mi
	second person		tú	te, -ti		ti
	third person	m	el	le, -li	uLV, oM	el
		f	ela		a	ela
plural	first person	common	nos	musL nusLV nos, -nusM		nos
		m	noshotrusM			noshotrusM
		f	noshotrasM			noshotrasM
	second person	common	vos	vusLV vos, -vusM		vos
		m	voshotrusM			voshotrusM
		f	voshotrasM			voshotrasM
	third person	m	elis	le, -li	usLV, osM	elis
		f	elas		as	elas
third person reflexive			—	se, -si		sí

Dialects:  ^L Lagarteiru   ^M Mañegu   ^V Valverdeñu

Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese nos. By surface analysis, en (“in”) + os (masculine plural definite article).

Alternative forms

• nus (Lagarteiru, Valverdeñu)

Contraction

nos m pl (singular no, feminine na, feminine plural nas)

1. (Mañegu) in the

References

• Valeš, Miroslav (2021), Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web), 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN, page 210

Franco-Provençal

Etymology

Inherited from Latin nōs (nominative or accusative).

Pronoun

nos (postpositive -nos) (ORB, broad)

1. we, us (first-person plural nominative, accusative, dative, or tonic)

See also

Franco-Provençal personal pronouns

			nominative	accusative	dative	tonic1	possessive2
singular	1st person		jo	mè			min
	2nd person		te	tè			tin
	3rd person	masculine	il	lo / le	lui		sin
		feminine	el	la	lyé
		neuter	o		y	—
		reflexive	—	sè
plural	1st person		nos				noutro
	2nd person		vos				voutro
	3rd person	masculine	ils	los / les	lor		lor
		feminine	els	les	lor / lyés
		reflexive	—	sè

¹ Disjunctive or object of a preposition.   ² Generally preceded by a definite article.

References

• nous in DicoFranPro: Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal – on dicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca
• nos in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

French

Etymology

From Old French noz, probably from Latin nostros.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /no/

• Audio (France):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -o

Determiner

nos pl

1. plural of notre; our

   Nos enfants nous rendent souvent visite.

   Our children visit us often.

Related terms

French possessive determiners

			possessee
			singular		plural
			m	f
possessor	singular	1st	mon1	ma	mes
		2nd	ton1	ta	tes
		3rd	son1	sa	ses
	plural	1st	notre		nos
		2nd	votre2		vos2
		3rd	leur		leurs

¹ Also used before feminine adjectives and nouns beginning with a vowel or mute h.
² Also used as the polite singular form.
For the singular persons there are gender-neutral neologisms man, tan, san. These are extremely rare.

Further reading

• “nos”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012

Anagrams

• son

Galician

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nʊːs̺/

Etymology 1

From contraction of preposition en (“in”) + masculine plural article os (“the”).

Contraction

nos m pl (masculine sg no, feminine sg na, feminine plural nas)

1. in the

Etymology 2

From a mutation of os.

Pronoun

nos m (accusative)

1. alternative form of os (“them”, masculine plural)

Usage notes

The n- forms of accusative third-person pronouns are used when the preceding word ends in -u or a diphthong, and are suffixed to the preceding word.

See also

• Appendix:Galician pronouns
• los
• os
• nós

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronoun

nos

1. inflection of nós:
   1. accusative/dative
   2. reflexive

See also

Galician personal pronouns

number	person		nominative (subject)	accusative (direct object)	dative (indirect object)	prepositional	prepositional with con	non-declining
singular	first		eu	me		min	comigo	—
	second		ti	te	che	ti	contigo	vostede
	third	m	el	o (lo, no)	lle	el	con el	—
		f	ela	a (la, na)		ela	con ela	—
plural	first		nós nosoutros m nosoutras f	nos		nós	connosco	—
	second		vós vosoutros m vosoutras f	vos		vós	convosco	vostedes
	third	m	eles	os (los, nos)	lles	eles	con eles	—
		f	elas	as (las, nas)		elas	con elas	—
reflexive third / indefinite			—	se		si	consigo	—

Guinea-Bissau Creole

Etymology

From Portuguese nós. Cognate with Kabuverdianu anos.

Pronoun

nos

1. we, first person plural.

Hungarian

Etymology

no (interjection) +‎ s (“and”, conjunction)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈnoʃ]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: nos
• Rhymes: -oʃ

Interjection

nos

1. well

Further reading

• nos in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.

Interlingua

Pronoun

nos

1. we
2. us

Kamkata-viri

Alternative forms

• nus (Western (Ktivi))

Etymology

From Proto-Nuristani *nāsa (“nose”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *náHs, from Proto-Indo-European *néh₂s.

Noun

nos m (Northeastern, Southeastern)

1. boulder

Kashubian

Picture dictionary

nos

czaszka

mùsk

òczë

lëpa

nos

gãba

broda

szczãka

ùchò

słëch

szëja

Click on labels in the image

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skin

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *néh₂s

Proto-Balto-Slavic *nasús

Proto-Slavic *nosъ

Kashubian nos

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nosъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈnɔs/
• Rhymes: -ɔs
• Syllabification: nos

Noun

nos m inan (diminutive nosk, related adjective nosowi)

1. (anatomy) nose (protuberance on the face housing the nostrils, which are used to breathe or smell)
2. (rare) beak, bill (rigid structure projecting from the front of a bird's face, used for pecking, grooming, foraging, carrying items, eating food, etc.)
3. (agriculture) tip of a scythe blade
4. (agriculture) nose (in a wheelbarrow, the front part of the bar with a hole at the end, in which the movable wheel axis rotates)
5. (nautical) beak (front part of a ship)
6. brush bow (front part of the sled's skid is slightly bent upwards)
7. (chiefly in the plural) remains of dry branches on a tree
8. stalk (blade of grass)

Derived terms

nouns

• nosorożc
• nosoróg

Further reading

• Stefan Ramułt (1893), “nos”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego (in Kashubian), page 120
• Sychta, Bernard (1969), “nos”, in Słownik gwar kaszubskich [Dictionary of Kashubian dialects] (in Polish), volumes 3 (Ł – O), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 217
• Jan Trepczyk (1994), “nos”, in Słownik polsko-kaszubski (in Kashubian), volumes 1–2
• Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011), “nos”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎^[3]
• “nos”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *nōs, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥smé.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈnoːs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈnɔs]

Pronoun

nōs

1. nominative/accusative plural of ego: we, us

Usage notes

When used in the plural genitive, nostrī is used when it is the object of an action, especially when used with a gerund or gerundive. When used in such a construction, the gerund or gerundive takes on the masculine genitive singular. Nostrum is used as a partitive genitive, used in constructions such as one of us.

Declension

	plural
nominative	nōs
genitive	nostrī nostrum
dative	nōbīs
accusative	nōs
ablative	nōbīs
vocative	nōs

Derived terms

• nōbīscum
• nōsmet

Descendants

• Aromanian: noi, noauã, nauã, nau
• Asturian: nós, nosotros, ñós, ñosotros
• Catalan: nós, nosaltres
• Dalmatian: nu, noi, nojiltri
• Franco-Provençal: nos
• Old French: nos, nous
  • Middle French: nous
    • French: nous, nous autres
• Friulian: nô, noaltris
• Galician: nós, nosoutros
• Istriot: nui
• Italian: noi, noialtri, ne
• Occitan: nos, nosautres
• Portuguese: nós
• Romanian: noi, nouă
• Romansh: nus, nous
• Sardinian: nois, noso, nosu, nos
• Sicilian: nui, nuàutri
• Old Spanish: nos
  • Spanish: nos, nosotros
• Venetan: noi, nu, noaltri, noantri
• Walloon: nos

See also

Latin personal and reflexive pronouns

		singular							plural
		first	second	third			reflexive		first	second	third			reflexive
				m	f	n					m	f	n
nominative		egō̆	tū	is	ea	id	—		nōs	vōs	eī iī	eae	ea	—
genitive	objective	meī mīs1	tuī tīs1	eius			suī		nostrī	vestrī vostrī1	eōrum eum	eārum	eōrum eum	suī
	partitive								nostrum	vestrum vostrum1
dative		mihī̆ mī	tibī̆	eī			sibī̆		nōbīs	vōbīs	eīs			sibī̆
accusative		mē mēmē2+3 mēd1	tē tētē2+3 tēd1	eum	eam	id	sē sēsē2		nōs	vōs	eōs	eās	ea	sē sēsē2
ablative		mē mēmē2+3 mēd1	tē tētē2+3 tēd1	eō	eā	eō	sē sēsē2		nōbīs	vōbīs	eīs			sē sēsē2
vocative		egō̆	tū	—					nōs	vōs	—

1. Pre-classical.
2. Emphatic.
3. Rare.

References

• “nos”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “nos”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers

Lombard

Alternative forms

• nus (Modern orthography)

Etymology

From Latin nucem, accusative singular of nux (“nut”).

Pronunciation

• (Milanese) IPA^(key): /nuːs/

Noun

nos f (invariable) (Classical Milanese orthography)

1. walnut (fruit and tree)
2. (botany) nut

References

• Francesco Cherubini, Vocabolario milanese-italiano, Volume 3, 1843, p. 179

Lower Sorbian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nosъ, from Proto-Indo-European *néh₂s.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈnɔs/
• Rhymes: -ɔs
• Syllabification: nos

Noun

nos m inan (diminutive nosk)

1. nose

Declension

Declension of nos

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	nos	nosa	nose
genitive	nosa	nosowu	nosow
dative	nosoju	nosoma	nosam
accusative	nos	nosa	nose
instrumental	nosom	nosoma	nosami
locative	nosu	nosoma	nosach

Middle English

Noun

nos

1. alternative form of nose

Middle High German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (before 13^th CE) /ˈnoːs̠/

Verb

nōs

1. first/third-person singular preterite indicative of niesen

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse nǫs, from Proto-Germanic *nasō, from Proto-Indo-European *néh₂s.

Noun

nos f or m (definite singular nosa or nosen, indefinite plural noser, definite plural nosene)

1. (dialectal) nose
2. (dialectal) steep protruding point on a mountain

Synonyms

• (nose): nese

References

• “nos” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “nos” in Norwegian Academy Dictionary (NAOB).

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse nǫs, from Proto-Germanic *nasō, from Proto-Indo-European *néh₂s.

Noun

nos f (definite singular nosa, indefinite plural naser, definite plural nasene)

1. nose
2. steep protruding point on a mountain

Synonyms

• (nose): nase

References

• “nos” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Anagrams

• sno, son

Occitan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nus/

• Audio (Languedoc):

  (file)

Etymology 1

From Old Occitan [Term?], from Latin nōs.

Pronoun

nos

1. to us (first-person plural indirect object pronoun)
2. ourselves (first-person plural reflexive pronoun)

Etymology 2

From Old Occitan nos, nous, nou, from Latin nōdus. Compare Catalan nus, French nœud, Italian nodo.

Noun

nos m (plural noses)

1. knot

Old Czech

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *néh₂s

Proto-Balto-Slavic *nasús

Proto-Slavic *nosъ

Old Czech nos

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nosъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (13^th CE) /ˈnos/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ˈnos/

Noun

nos m inan

1. (anatomy) nose
2. beak, bill (rigid structure projecting from the front of a bird's face, used for pecking, grooming, foraging, carrying items, eating food, etc.)
3. toe cap (long elongated section of a shoe for a toe)
4. (by extension) any device or object resembling a nose

Declension

Declension of nos (hard o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	nos	nosy	nosi, nosové
genitive	nosa, nosu	nosú	nosóv
dative	nosu	nosoma	nosóm
accusative	nos	nosy	nosy
vocative	nose	nosy	nosi, nosové
locative	nosě, nosu	nosú	nosiech
instrumental	nosem	nosoma	nosy

This table shows the most common forms around the 13th century.

Descendants

• Czech: nos

Further reading

• Jan Gebauer (1903–1916), “nos”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

Old French

Alternative forms

• nous (first-person plural subject pronoun)
• nus (first-person plural subject pronoun)

Etymology

From Latin nōs.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (early) /nos/
• IPA^(key): (late) /nus/

Pronoun

nos

1. we (first-person plural subject pronoun)
2. our (masculine and feminine plural possessive pronoun)
3. to us (first-person plural indirect object pronoun)
4. ourselves (first-person plural reflexive pronoun)

Descendants

• Middle French: nous
  • French: nous

Old High German

Verb

nōs

1. first/third-person singular preterite indicative of niosan

Old Polish

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *néh₂s

Proto-Balto-Slavic *nasús

Proto-Slavic *nosъ

Old Polish nos

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nosъ. First attested in 1397.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /nɔs/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /nɔs/
• Homophone: Nos

Noun

nos m inan

1. (attested in Greater Poland, Masovia, Lesser Poland, anatomy) nose (protuberance on the face housing the nostrils, which are used to breathe or smell)
   • 1887, 1889 [1397], Józef Lekszycki, editor, Die ältesten großpolnischen Grodbücher, volume II, number 1061, Pyzdry; Gniezno; Kościan:

     Iaco Micolay sedl na naszø dzedzinø gewaltem y urznøl newescze nos

     [Jako Mikołaj szedł na naszę dziedzinę giewałtem i urznął niewieście nos]

   • 1877-1881 [c. 1418], Władysław Wisłocki, editor, Katalog rękopisów Biblioteki Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, page 2151:

     Nos yego y vsta bez wschey ganibi

     [Nos jego i usta bez wszej gańby]

   • 1895 [1448–1450], Mikołaj Suled, edited by Franciszek Piekosiński, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, Warka, page 67:

     Avcząw rąką nogą alybo nosz pyąncznaczcze grzywyen Alye vcząw wyelgy palecz oszmy grzywyen Azakaszdy gynszy palecz vcząw gy trzy grzywny grosszow themv ocząthemv zaplaczycz ma Azakasde vrazenye przerzeczonych czlonkow vyną yasz rzeczona pyąncznadzescza ma bycz zaplaczona

     [A uciąw rękę, nogę alibo nos, pięćnaćcie grzywien, ale uciąw wielgi palec, ośm grzywien, a za każdy jinszy palec, uciąw ji, trzy grzywny groszow temu ociętemu zapłacić ma a za każ de urażenie przerzeczonych członkow wina, jaż rzeczona pięćnadzieścia, ma być zapłacona]

   • 1930 [c. 1455], “Lev”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)‎^{transliteration, transcription}, 21, 18:

     any przistøpi kslvsbye iego billibi slepi albo chromi Albo malego albo rosdøtego nosza

     [ani przystąpi k służ bie jego, byłliby ślepy albo chromy, albo małego [albo wielikiego], albo rozdętego nosa]

   • 1858 [c. 1408], Wojciech Szurkowski z Ponieca, “Wyroki sądów miejskich czyli ortyle [Urban court rulings i.e. "Ortyls"]”, in Wacław Aleksander Maciejowski, editor, Historia prawodawstw słowiańskich [History of Slavic lawmaking], volume 6, Poniec, page 57:

     ale gdy by komu vczyatho czaly czlonek szpalcza albo vcho albo nosz vsztha nogą oko albo madzye tho zowyemy chromothą podlug prawa

     [Ale gdyby komu ucięto cały członek z palca albo ucho, albo nos, usta, nogę, oko albo mądzie, to zowiemy chromotą podług prawa.]

   • 1901 [1463-1465], Jan Rozwadowski, editor, De morte prologus [Rozmowa mistrza Polikarpa ze śmiercią]‎^[4], Mierzeniec, Płock, line 31:

     vpathlczy gyey konyecz nosza Szoczv plynye krvaua rosza

     [Upadłci jej koniec nosa, Z oczu płynie krwawa rosa]

   • 1901 [1463-1465], Jan Rozwadowski, editor, De morte prologus [Rozmowa mistrza Polikarpa ze śmiercią]‎^[5], Mierzeniec, Płock, line 221:

     Powiem ci o mej kosie, Jedno jej powąchaj w nosie

     [Povyemczy o mey kosze, gethno gyey povachay wnosze]

   • 1907 [c. 1470], Jakub Parkoszowic, edited by Jan Łoś, Traktat o ortografii polskiej‎^[6], Żurawica, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, Krakow, page 404:

     Nos

     [Nos]

   • 1901 [1471], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume V, page 47:

     Smarsczonym noschem corrugato

     [Zmarszczonym nosem corrugato]

   • 1950 [1495], Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, Adam Wolff, editors, Zapiski i roty polskie XV-XVI wieku z ksiąg sądowych ziemi warszawskiej, number 1687, Warsaw:

     Jakom ya Dorothyey nye sbyl […] anym yey dw ranu zadal krwaw, yeną w nosz a druga w glova

     [Jakom ja Dorotej nie zbił […] anim jej dwu ranu zadał krwaw, jena w nos a druga w głowę]

   • 1874-1891 [XV p. post.], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności‎^{[7], [8], [9]}, volume LIII, Krakow, page 63:

     Fluxum narium al. nos

     [Fluxum narium al. nos]

   • c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 86v:

     Nasus eyn nasz nosz

     [Nasus eyn nasz nos ]

   • c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 109v:

     Pulpa est extrema pars nasi vel interior pars pomi ein grubsz konyecz noszą

     [Pulpa est extrema pars nasi vel interior pars pomi ein grubsz koniecz nosa]

   • Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa‎^[10], page 21:

     Brvy yey byly dobrze podnyeszyony […] a tesch kv szobye nad noss nye barzo szeszle

     [Brwi jej były dobrze podniesiony […] a też ku sobie nad nos nie bar-zo zeszłe]

   • Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa‎^[11], page 21:

     Noss myala prosty, malo pochylony

     [Nos miała prosty, mało pochylony]

   • Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa‎^[12], page 150:

     O noszye Iesusovym. Nos yego byl ny mayącz zadnego nyestatkv

     [O nosie Jezusowym. Nos jego był ni mając żadnego niestatku]

   • Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa‎^[13], page 664:

     Ony nye telko pchaly y byly, alye tez plvaly y rzygaly yemv pod noss, aby tym vyatsche vdrączenye myal od ych smrodu

     [Oni nie telko pchali i bili, ale też plwali i rzygali jemu pod nos, aby tym więtsze udręczenie miał od ich smrodu]

2. (hapax legomenon) beak, bill (rigid structure projecting from the front of a bird's face, used for pecking, grooming, foraging, carrying items, eating food, etc.)
   • 1885-2024 [XV ex.], Jan Baudouina de Courtenay, Jan Karłowicz, Antoni Adam Kryńskiego, Malinowski Lucjan, editors, Prace Filologiczne‎^[14], volume V, page 27:

     Clekotacz ząbi, nossem croculo

     [Klekotać zęby, nosem croculo]

Declension

Declension of nos

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	nos	—	—
genitive	nosa	—	—
dative	—	—	—
accusative	nos	—	—
instrumental	nosem	—	—
locative	nosie	—	—
vocative	—	—	—

Derived terms

adjectives

• nosaty

nouns

• bociani nos
• czapi nos
• nosek

proper nouns

• Nos

Descendants

• Polish: nos
• Silesian: nos

References

• Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “nos”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
• Mańczak, Witold (2017), “nos”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN
• Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “nos”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
• Krystyna Długosz-Kurczabowa (2021), “nos”, in Wielki słownik etymologiczno-historyczny języka polskiego, →ISBN
• Brückner, Aleksander (1927), “nos”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna
• S. Urbańczyk, editor (1967), “nos”, in Słownik staropolski (in Polish), volume 5, Wrocław, Warsaw, Kraków: Polish Academy of Sciences, page 290
• Bożena Sieradzka-Baziur, et al., editors (2011–2015), “nos”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
• Ewa Deptuchowa, et al., editors (2024), “nos”, in Baza Leksykalna Średniowiecznej Polszczyzny [Lexical Base of Medieval Polish] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk
• Ewa Deptuchowa, et al., editors (2023), “nos”, in Rozariusze z polskimi glosami. Internetowa baza danych [Dictionaries of Polish glosses, an Internet database] (in Polish), Kraków: Pracownia Języka Staropolskiego Instytut Języka Polskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk
• Wanda Decyk-Zięba; Krystyna Długosz-Kurczabowa; Stanisław Dubisz; Zygmunt Gałecki; Justyna Garczyńska; Halina Karaś; Alina Kępińska; Anna Pasoń; Izabela Stąpor; Barbara Taras; Izabela Winiarska-Górska (2008), “nos”, in Wanda Decyk-Zięba, Stanisław Dubisz, editors, Glosariusz staropolski - dydaktyczny słownik etymologiczny [Old Polish Glossary - Didactic Etymological Dictionary] (in Polish), Warszawa: Wydział Polonistyki Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, →ISBN, page 110

Old Slovak

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nos. First attested in 1473.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /nɔs/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /nɔs/

Noun

nos m inan

1. (anatomy) nose (protuberance on the face housing the nostrils, which are used to breathe or smell)
2. (by extension) any device or object resembling a nose
3. vimba bream, Vimba vimba

Descendants

• Pannonian Rusyn: нос (nos)
• Slovak: nos

References

• Majtán, Milan et al., editors (1991–2008), “nos”, in Historický slovník slovenského jazyka [Historical Dictionary of the Slovak Language] (in Slovak), volumes 1–7 (A – Ž), Bratislava: VEDA, →OCLC

Old Spanish

Etymology 1

From Latin nōs, in the nominative case, and accusative nōs stressed.

Pronoun

nos

1. nominative of nos: we
   • between 1140-1207, Cid, 1280-1281:

     a grãd ondr̃a vernan
     Aeſtas t͠rras eſtranas q̃ nos pudiemos ganar

     They [the Cid's wife and daughters] will come in great honour
     to these foreign lands, which we had won

2. prepositional of nos: us

Descendants

• Spanish: nos (archaic or dialectal)
• Spanish: nosotros

Etymology 2

From Latin nōs, in the accusative case unstressed, and dative nōbīs.

Pronoun

nos

1. accusative of nos: us
2. dative of nos: to us, for us
   • between 1140-1207, Cid, 1298:

     Qͣndo dios p̃ſtar nos qͥere nos biẽ gelo gradeſcamos
     (normalized) Quando Dios prestarnos quiere, nos bien ge lo gradescamos

     When God wants to help us, we should thank Him well for it

Descendants

• Spanish: nos

Etymology 3

Contraction of no (“not”) and se (“him/her/itself, themselves”).

Contraction

nos

1. not ... (to oneself)
   • between 1140-1207, Cid, 1243-1244:

     Myo çid don Rͦ en valençia esta folgando
     Con el mẏnaẏa albarffanez q̃ nos le parte de so braço

     My Cid, don Rodrigo, is having a break in Valencia,
     with Minaya Álvar Fáñez, who does not leave (partirse) his side

   • 1140 – 1207, Cid, 1206-1207:

     Sonando vã ſus nue͠uas todas atodas partes
     Mas le vienen a mẏo çid ſabet q̃ nos le van

     The news of him roam everywhere
     But more men come to my Cid, mind you, than those who leave (irse) him

Papiamentu

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Italic *nōs

Latin nōs

Old Galician-Portuguese nos

Portuguese nósder.

▲

Portuguese nósder.

Kabuverdianu anosder.

Papiamentu nos

Derived from Portuguese nós and Kabuverdianu anos.

Pronoun

nos

1. we, first person plural.

Polish

Picture dictionary

nos

czoło

brew

rzęsa

oko

nos

nozdrze

policzek

żuchwa

usta

warga

podbródek

Click on labels in the image

---

ciało

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *néh₂s

Proto-Balto-Slavic *nasús

Proto-Slavic *nosъ

Old Polish nos

Polish nos

Inherited from Old Polish nos.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ˈnɔs/

• (Middle Polish) IPA^(key): /ˈnɔs/
• (Masovia):
  • (Near Masovian) IPA^(key): [ˈnɔs]
• (Lesser Poland):
  • (Sieradz) IPA^(key): [ˈnɔs]
  • (Kielce) IPA^(key): [ˈnɔs]
  • (Western Kraków) IPA^(key): [ˈnɔs]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔs
• Syllabification: nos

Noun

nos m inan (diminutive nosek, augmentative nochal or nosisko, related adjective nosowy)

1. (anatomy) nose (protuberance on the face housing the nostrils, which are used to breathe or smell, sometimes of animals)

   Synonym: kichawa

   1. (obsolete, colloquial, of a bird) synonym of dziób (“beak, bill”)
   2. (obsolete, of a fish) synonym of paszcza (“maw”)
   3. (obsolete, of an insect) synonym of paszcza (“mouthpart”)
   4. (obsolete, hunting, of a fox) synonym of pysk (“muzzle”)
   5. (Middle Polish, an elephant) synonym of trąba (“trunk”)
   6. (Middle Polish, of a fish, aquatic, or swamp animal) synonym of nozdrze (“nostril”)
2. (colloquial) nose (sense of smell)

   Synonym: węch

3. nose (intuition in a field)
4. (by extension) nose (tip of an object, usually pointed)
   1. toe cap (long elongated section of a shoe for a toe)
   2. (Sieradz, Wieluń, Radomsko, of a ladder) synonym of dziób (“bow”)
   3. (Kielce, Opatów County, of a półdrabek) synonym of zakrzywienie (“curve”)
   4. (Kielce, Opatów County, of a sleigh) synonym of dziób (“brush bow”) (part bent upwards)
   5. (Near Masovian, Jagodne, of a sleigh's skid) synonym of dziób (“tip”)
   6. (obsolete) collar (part of an oil lamp where the wick comes out)
   7. (obsolete, metallurgy) scum (raw material or slag deposited on the eye of a mold)
   8. (obsolete) nozzle (bottom of the muffle head is where the tube enters it, through which the liquefied zinc flows into the window)
   9. (obsolete, hunting, firearms) muzzle (pointed end of a rifle stock)
   10. (obsolete, carpentry) nose (handle of a plane sticking out from the front; handle of the plane)
   11. (Middle Polish, of a vessel for liquids) synonym of dzióbek (“spout”)
   12. (Middle Polish, nautical, of a ship) synonym of dziób (“bow”)
5. (Western Kraków, card games) card game played by 3 or 4 players, in which cards are equally among players, then each player chooses his own holy "ointment"; people at the end of the game are hit on the nose with cards according to the value of the card left in their hand
6. (Middle Polish) synonym of nosacizna (“glanders”)

Declension

Declension of nos

	singular	plural
nominative	nos	nosy
genitive	nosa	nosów
dative	nosowi	nosom
accusative	nos	nosy
instrumental	nosem	nosami
locative	nosie	nosach
vocative	nosie	nosy

Derived terms

adjectives

• beznosy

adverbs

• (dialectal) po nosie
• pod nosem
• przez nos

interjections

• całuj psa w nos

nouns

• nosacz
• nosal
• nosówka
• prztyczek w nos
• rzymski nos
• z palcem w nosie

phrases

• dwie dziurki w nosie i skończyło się

proverbs

• nie wsadzaj nosa do cudzego prosa

verbs

• (dialectal) dać nosa pf
• iść jak krew z nosa impf
• kręcić nosem impf
• mieć mleko pod nosem impf
• mieć muchy w nosie impf
• mieć po dziurki w nosie impf
• mieć w nosie impf
• (dialectal) nakleić nosa pf
• nie wychylić nosa pf, nie wychylać nosa impf
• pasować jak pięść do nosa impf
• pilnować swojego nosa impf
• pociągnąć nosem pf, pociągać nosem impf
• podsunąć coś pod nos pf, podsuwać coś pod nos impf
• podsunąć wszystko pod nos pf, podsuwać wszystko pod nos impf
• przejść koło nosa pf, przechodzić koło nosa impf
• siedzieć z nosem impf
• sprzątnąć sprzed nosa pf, sprzątać sprzed nosa impf
• spuścić nos na kwintę pf, spuszczać nos na kwintę impf
• uciec sprzed nosa pf, uciekać sprzed nosa impf
• uśmiechnąć się pod nosem pf, uśmiechać się pod nosem impf
• utrzeć nosa pf, ucierać nosa impf
• widzieć tylko czubek własnego nosa impf
• wodzić za nos impf
• wsadzić nos pf, wsadzać nos impf
• wsadzić nos w nie swoje sprawy pf, wsadzać nos w nie swoje sprawy impf
• wyczuć pismo nosem pf, czuć pismo nosem impf
• zadzierać nosa impf
• zagrać na nosie pf, grać na nosie impf
• zakręcić w nosie pf, kręcić w nosie impf
• zamknąć drzwi przed nosem pf, zamykać drzwi przed nosem impf

Further reading

• “nos”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎^[15] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• “nos”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎^[16] (in Polish)
• Maria Renata Mayenowa, et al., editors (2010-2023), “nos”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
• “NOS”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 25.06.2009
• Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), “nos”, in Słownik języka polskiego
• Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “nos”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
• J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1904), “nos”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 3, Warsaw, page 408
• Jan Karłowicz (1903), “nos”, in Hieronim Łopaciński, Wacław Taczanowski, editors, Słownik gwar polskich [Dictionary of Polish dialects] (in Polish), volume 3: L do O, Kraków: Akademia Umiejętności, page 334

Portuguese

Alternative forms

• mos (Beira, Trás-os-Montes)

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Italic *nōs

Latin nōs

Old Galician-Portuguese nos

Portuguese nos

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese nos, from Latin nōs (“we; us”), from Proto-Italic *nōs.

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -us

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /nus/

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /nus/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /nuʃ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /nuʃ/

• Hyphenation: nos

Pronoun

nos

1. inflection of nós:
   1. accusative
   2. dative

   Ele dir-nos-ia o nome do indivíduo. (Portugal)

   He would tell us the name of the individual.

   Ele nos diria o nome do indivíduo. (Brazil)

   He would tell us the name of the individual.

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:no.

See also

Portuguese personal pronouns

number	person		nominative (subject)	accusative (direct object)	dative (indirect object)	prepositional	prepositional with com	non-declining
singular	1st		eu	me		mim	comigo	—
	2nd		tu	te		ti	contigo	você o senhor m a senhora f
	3rd	m	ele	o (lo, no)	lhe	ele	com ele	o mesmo
		f	ela	a (la, na)		ela	com ela	a mesma
plural	1st		nós	nos		nós	connosco (Portugal) conosco (Brazil)	a gente
	2nd		vós	vos		vós	convosco com vós	vocês os senhores m as senhoras f
	3rd	m	eles	os (los, nos)	lhes	eles	com eles	os mesmos
		f	elas	as (las, nas)		elas	com elas	as mesmas
reflexive 3rd / indefinite			—	se		si	consigo	o mesmo etc. (reflexive)

Etymology 2

Pronoun

nos

1. obsolete spelling of nós

Etymology 3

From Old Galician-Portuguese nos, clipping of enos, from en (“in”) + os (“the”).

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /nus/

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /nus/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /nuʃ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /nuʃ/

• Hyphenation: nos

Contraction

nos m pl

2. contraction of em +‎ os, literally “in the”: masculine plural of no
   • 2000, J. K. Rowling, Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e o Prisioneiro de Azkaban, Rocco, page 55:

     [...] o gato ronronava feliz nos braços de Hermione.

     [...] the cat was purring happily on Hermione's arms.

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:no.

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /nus/

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /nus/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /nuʃ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /nuʃ/

• Hyphenation: nos

Pronoun

nos

2. alternative form of os (third-person masculine plural objective pronoun) used as an enclitic following a verb form ending in a nasal vowel or diphthong

   Tirem-nos daqui agora!

   Take them from here now!

Usage notes

• This form is very rarely used in spoken Brazilian Portuguese, where nominative forms are preferred over third-person direct object pronouns (which, when used, are typically placed before verbs).

Further reading

• “nos”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “nos”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Sardinian

Etymology

From Latin nōs, from Proto-Italic *nōs, from the oblique case forms of Proto-Indo-European *wéy (“we”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nos/

Pronoun

nos (possessive nostru)

1. we

   Synonyms: nois, nosatros

2. us

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *nosъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *nasús from Proto-Indo-European *néh₂s.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nôːs/

Noun

nȏs m inan (Cyrillic spelling но̑с, relational adjective nòsnī, diminutive nòsić)

1. (anatomy) nose

Declension

Declension of nos

	singular	plural
nominative	nȏs	nòsevi/nòsovi
genitive	nȍsa	nosévā/nosóvā
dative	nȍsu	nosèvima/nȍsevima
accusative	nȏs	nòseve/nòsove
vocative	nȍse	nȍsovi/nȍsevi
locative	nòsu	nosèvima/nȍsevima
instrumental	nȍsom	nosèvima/nȍsevima

Note: forms on -evi are considered non-standard in Croatia.

Derived terms

• nòsat
• nòsina
• nòsnica
• nȍsorog
• nȍzdrva

Further reading

• “nos”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026

Silesian

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *néh₂s

Proto-Balto-Slavic *nasús

Proto-Slavic *nosъ

Old Polish nos

Silesian nos

Inherited from Old Polish nos.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈnɔs/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔs
• Syllabification: nos

Noun

nos m inan

1. (anatomy) nose (protuberance on the face housing the nostrils, which are used to breathe or smell)

   Synonym: (pejorative) kichŏl

2. brush bow (front part of the sled's skid is slightly bent upwards)

Declension

Declension of nos

	singular	plural
nominative	nos	nosy
genitive	nosa	nosōw
dative	nosowi	nosōm
accusative	nos	nosy
instrumental	nosym	nosami/nosōma
locative	nosie	nosach
vocative	nosie	nosy

Further reading

• nos in dykcjonorz.eu
• nos in silling.org
• Henryk Jaroszewicz (2022), “nos”, in Zasady pisowni języka śląskiego (in Polish), Siedlce: Wydawnictwo Naukowe IKR[i]BL, page 102
• Aleksandra Wencel (2023), “nos”, in Dykcjůnôrz ślų̊sko-polski, page 452

Slovak

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Slavic *nos

Old Slovak nos

Slovak nos

Inherited from Old Slovak nos.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nɔs/, [ˈnɔs]
• Rhymes: -ɔs

• Audio (Bratislava):

  (file)

Noun

nos m inan (relational adjective nosový, diminutive noštek or nosík, augmentative nosisko)

1. nose

Declension

Declension of nos
(pattern dub)

	singular	plural
nominative	nos	nosy
genitive	nosa	nosov
dative	nosu	nosom
accusative	nos	nosy
locative	nose	nosoch
instrumental	nosom	nosmi

Further reading

• “nos”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2026

Slovene

Alternative forms

• noſ (Bohorič alphabet)

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *nosъ

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nóːs/
• Rhymes: -oːs
• Hyphenation: nos

Noun

nọ̑s m inan

1. (anatomy) nose

   Synonyms: kumara, nosek, nosič

2. sense of smell

   Synonyms: voh, duh, njuh, vonj

3. (figuratively) nose (ability to find, deduce something)
4. nose (the tip of something)
5. (obsolete) reprimand^[→SSKJ]

   Synonym: ukor

Declension

First masculine declension (hard o-stem, inanimate, -ov- infix) , long mixed accent, ending -u in genitive singular
nom. sing.	nọ̑s
gen. sing.	nosȗ
	singular	dual	plural
nominative imenovȃlnik	nọ̑s	nosȏva	nosȏvi
genitive rodȋlnik	nosȗ	nosóv	nosóv
dative dajȃlnik	nọ̑su, nọ̑si	nosȏvoma, nosȏvama	nosȏvom, nọ̑sȏvam
accusative tožȋlnik	nọ̑s	nosȏva	nosȏve
locative mẹ̑stnik	nọ̑su, nọ̑si	nosȏvih	nosȏvih
instrumental orọ̑dnik	nọ̑som	nosȏvoma, nosȏvama	nosȏvi
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	nọ̑s	nosȏva	nosȏvi

First masculine declension (hard o-stem, inanimate, -ov- infix) , fixed accent, special accent changes
nom. sing.	nọ̑s
gen. sing.	nọ̑sa
	singular	dual	plural
nominative imenovȃlnik	nọ̑s	nosȏva	nosȏvi
genitive rodȋlnik	nọ̑sa	nosóv	nosóv
dative dajȃlnik	nọ̑su, nọ̑si	nosȏvoma, nosȏvama	nosȏvom, nọ̑sȏvam
accusative tožȋlnik	nọ̑s	nosȏva	nosȏve
locative mẹ̑stnik	nọ̑su, nọ̑si	nosȏvih	nosȏvih
instrumental orọ̑dnik	nọ̑som	nosȏvoma, nosȏvama	nosȏvi
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	nọ̑s	nosȏva	nosȏvi

Derived terms

• dati eno po nosu
• dati komu pod nos
• dobiti v nos
• dolg nos
• iti v nos
• izpred nosa
• moker pod nosom
• na vrat na nos
• nesti na nos
• nizek nos
• nos kaj pravi
• nọ̑sək
• nósən
• nosljáti
• nosníca
• obesiti na nos
• obrisati se pod nosom
• podaljšati nos
• pomoliti nos iz hiše
• potegniti za nos
• povesiti nos
• pred nosom
• videti dalje od svojega nosa
• vihati nos
• visoko nositi nos
• vleči za nos
• voditi za nos
• vrat na nos
• vtakniti nos
• vtikati nos
• za nosom
• zavihati nos

See also

• dihati

Further reading

• “nos”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
• “nos”, in Termania, Amebis
• See also the general references

Spanish

Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish nos, from accusative Latin nōs and dative Latin nōbīs, from Proto-Italic *nōs.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nos/ [nos]

• Audio (Colombia):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -os
• Syllabification: nos

Pronoun

nos (object pronoun)

1. dative of nosotros: to us, for us
2. accusative of nosotros: us
3. (reflexive pronoun) reflexive of nosotros: ourselves; each other
   • 1998, Roberto Bolaño, Los detectives salvajes, →ISBN, page 262:

     A eso de las cuatro de la mañana todos nos dijimos buenas noches.

     Around four in the morning, we all told each other good night.

Pronoun

nos m pl or f pl

1. (archaic or royal) we (masculine plural)
2. (disjunctive, locative) ourselves

   Venga a nos el tu reino. Ruegue por nos, Santa Madre de Dios.

   May your kingdom come to us. Pray for us, Holy Mother of God.

3. (archaic, formal) first person nominative, prepositional and vocative plural pronoun
4. (archaic, formal) first person (except in vocative, and in the oblique it requires a preposition); I (singular; compare vos)

Usage notes

This word as a stressed, nominative, prepositional and vocative pronoun is archaic. The modern equivalent is nosotros, just as ocurred in vosotros from vos in Spain.

Derived terms

• entre nos
• nos vemos
• nosotros

Noun

nos m pl

1. plural of no

See also

Spanish personal pronouns

				Nominative	Disjunctive	Dative	Accusative	Comitative
First-person	Singular			yo	mí	me		conmigo
	Plural	Masculine1		nosotros		nos		—
		Feminine		nosotras
Second-person	Singular	Tuteo		tú	ti	te		contigo
		Voseo		vos	—
		Formal2	Masculine1	usted		le, se3	lo
			Feminine				la
	Plural	Familiar4	Masculine1	vosotros		os
			Feminine	vosotras
		Formal/ general2	Masculine1	ustedes		les, se3	los
			Feminine				las
Third-person	Singular	Masculine1		él		le, se3	lo
		Feminine		ella			la
		Neuter		ello5			lo
	Plural	Masculine1		ellos		les, se3	los
		Feminine		ellas			las
	Reflexive			—	sí	se		consigo

1. Like other masculine words, masculine pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown or when the subject is plural and of mixed gender.
2. Treated as if it were third person for purposes of conjugation and reflexivity.
3. If le or les precedes lo, la, los, or las in a clause, it is replaced with se (e.g. se lo dije instead of *le lo dije).
4. Used primarily in Spain.
5. Only used in certain circumstances and rarely as a subject pronoun.

References

• nos

Further reading

• “nos”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025

Swedish

en hundnos [a nose of a dog]

Etymology

From Old Norse nǫs, from Proto-Germanic *nasō, from Proto-Indo-European *néh₂s. Doublet of näsa.

Noun

nos c

1. a nose of an animal (compare näsa)

   Hundar har en mycket känslig nos

   Dogs have a very sensitive nose

   • 1969, Lasse Berghagen, “Teddybjörnen Fredriksson [Fredriksson the Teddy Bear]”‎^[17]:

     Teddybjörnen Fredriksson, ja, så hette han. En gång var han bara min, och vi älskade varann. Teddybjörnen Fredriksson, hans nos den var av garn. Ja, han var min bästa vän när jag var ett litet barn.

     Fredriksson the teddy bear, yes, that was his name [so was-named he]. Once [one time] he was just mine, and we loved each other. Fredriksson the teddy bear, his nose [it – redundant] was made of yarn [was of yarn]. Yes, he was my best friend when I was a little child.

2. (colloquial, humorous) the (area around the) nose and mouth of a human

   Synonym: (human nose) näsa

3. something that resembles a nose

   noshjul

   nosewheel

Declension

Declension of nos

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	nos	nos
	definite	nosen	nosens
plural	indefinite	nosar	nosars
	definite	nosarna	nosarnas

Related terms

• näsa (human nose)
• nosa
• sötnos

See also

• mule

References

• “nos”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish)
• “nos”, in Svenska Akademiens ordlista [Wordlist of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)
• “nos”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)

Anagrams

• -son, ons, sno, son

Volapük

Pronoun

nos

1. nothing

Walloon

Etymology

From Old French nos, from Latin nos.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nɔ/

Pronoun

nos

1. we

Related terms

• nozôtes

Welsh

Etymology

PIE word
*nókʷts

From Middle Welsh nos, according to Matasovic, a loanword from Latin nox (“night”), but according to Falileyev, from Old Welsh nos, from Proto-Celtic *noxt-stu-, a suffixed form of *noxs (“night”) (the expected Welsh descendant of this would be **noeth).

Cognates include Breton noz, Cornish nos and Gaulish nox.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /noːs/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -oːs

Noun

nos f (uncountable, not mutable)

1. night, evening

Usage notes

• Nos (“night, evening”) generally refers to the uncountable period of darkness. The word is also used with the names of evenings and nights of days of the week, with holiday and festival names and in the phrase Nos da (“Good night”). It is therefore the opposite of dydd (“day”).

yn ystod y nos ― during the night

nos Wener ― Friday evening/night

Nos Galan ― New Year's Eve

• Noson (“night, evening”), on the other hand, is countable and refers to an individual evening or night and so is the word used when employing a qualifying numeral or adjective. It sits in contrast to the word diwrnod (“day”).

noson wych ― a great evening/night

tair noson ― three nights

• Noswaith (“evening”) is used in phrase Noswaith dda (“Good evening”). It is also synonymous to noson in some southern dialects.

(South Wales) tair noswaith ― three nights

Derived terms

Terms derived from nos

• brig y nos, min nos (“gloaming; twilight”)
• dan lenni'r nos (“ under cover of darkness”)
• echnos (“the night before last”)
• gyda'r nos (“at night, in the evening”)
• hanner nos (“midnight”)
• llwydnos (“dusk, twilight”, literally “grey night”)
• nos da (“goodnight”)
• Nos Galan (“New Year's Eve”)
• Nos Galan Gaeaf (“Halloween”)
• noson (“evening; night”)
• noswaith, hwyrnos, dechreunos (“evening”)
• pythefnos (“fortnight”, literally “fifteen nights”)
• siwt nos (“pajamas”)
• wythnos (“week”, literally “eight nights”)

Related terms

Terms related to the root of nos

• heno (“tonight”)
• neithiwr (“last night”)
• trannoeth (“the day after”)

Western Apache

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [nòs]

Noun

nos

1. manzanita plant

Usage notes

• occurs only in Dilzhe’eh (Tonto) dialect

See also

• dinos "manzanita"