i/languages M to Z

Languages (181)

Translingual • English

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Makasar • Malay • Maltese • Māori • Middle English • Middle Irish • Middle Low German • Middle Welsh • Mirandese • Mizo • Mòcheno • Mondé • Moriori • Murui Huitoto • Navajo • Neapolitan • Nheengatu • North Frisian • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Nupe • Nuxalk • Occitan • Old French • Old Irish • Old Occitan • Old Polish • Old Tupi • Oromo • Paicî • Papiamentu • Pijin • Polish • Portuguese • Potawatomi • Pumpokol • Rapa Nui • Romani • Romanian • Samoan • Sardinian • Sarikoli • Sassarese • Sathmar Swabian • Savi • Scots • Scottish Gaelic • Senhaja de Srair • Serbo-Croatian • Sicilian • Silesian • Silimo • Sirionó • Skolt Sami • Slovak • Slovene • Somali • Spanish • Sranan Tongo • Sumerian • Swabian • Swedish • Tagalog • Tahitian • Talysh • Tarifit • Tlingit • Tok Pisin • Tokelauan • Tongan • Turkish • Turkmen • Vietnamese • Volapük • Votic • Waigeo • Walloon • Wano • Welsh • West Makian • White Lachi • Wolaytta • Yele • Yimchungru Naga • Yola • Yoruba • Yuqui • Zia • Zulu

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The entries for i are spread across multiple pages due to their length.

Makasar

Article

i (Lontara spelling ᨕᨗ or 𑻱𑻳)

1. article for personal names and pronouns

Malay

Letter

i (lower case, upper case I)

1. The ninth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

Maltese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɪ/ (short phoneme)
• IPA^(key): /iː/ (long phoneme)
• IPA^(key): /ɪː/ (long phoneme before the letters għ, ħ, h, q; merges with ie)
• IPA^(key): /ɛj/, /aj/ (after għ; variation is regional and idiolectal)

Letter

i (lower case, upper case I)

1. The twelfth letter of the Maltese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) ittra; A a, B b, Ċ ċ, D d, E e, F f, Ġ ġ, G g, Għ għ, H h, Ħ ħ, I i, Ie ie, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Ż ż, Z z

Māori

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/ [i]

Letter

i (lower case, upper case I)

1. The sixth letter of the Māori alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, Ā ā, E e, Ē ē, H h, I i, Ī ī, K k, M m, N n, O o, Ō ō, P p, R r, T t, U u, Ū ū, W w, Ng ng, Wh wh

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *i.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈi/ [ˈi]

Particle

i

1. from
2. past-tense verbal particle
3. particle indicating the direct object of a transitive sentence
4. past-tense particle indicating location

Middle English

Etymology 1

Preposition

i

1. alternative form of in (“in”)

Etymology 2

Pronoun

i

1. alternative form of I (“I”)

Etymology 3

Pronoun

i

1. alternative form of he (“they”)

Middle Irish

Alternative forms

• a

Preposition

i (triggers eclipsis)

1. in, into

Usage notes

See the Old Irish entry for inflection, combining forms and more information.

Descendants

• Irish: i
• Scottish Gaelic: an
• Manx: ayns

Middle Low German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /iː/

Pronoun

i m

1. alternative form of gî

Middle Welsh

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/
• Rhymes: -iː

Etymology 1

Determiner

i

1. alternative spelling of y (“his, her, their”)

Etymology 2

Preposition

i

1. alternative spelling of y (“to”)

Etymology 3

Pronoun

i

1. alternative form of mi (“I, me”) used in the following contexts:
   1. after a finite verb in the first person singular

      gwnaf i ― I do

      keueis i ― I got

   2. after the first person singular form of an inflected preposition

      arnaf i ― on me

   3. after a noun modified by uy (“my”)

      uy angheu i ― my death

Etymology 4

Preposition

i

1. alternative form of yn (“in”) used only in the following contractions:

   i'm (“in my”)

   i'th (“in your sg”)

Mirandese

Etymology

Inherited from Old Leonese ye from Latin et.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/ [i]
• Rhymes: -i
• Syllabification: i

Conjunction

i

1. and

Mizo

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *i (“we (you and me)”), via Proto-Kuki-Chin *i.

Pronoun

i (plural in)

1. (clitic) you, your sg

Mòcheno

Etymology

From Middle High German ich, from Old High German ih, from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek. Cognate with German ich, English I.

Pronoun

i (dative mer)

1. I

Inflection

Personal pronouns

	singular	plural
1st person	i	biar
2nd person	du	ir
3rd person	er, si, s	sei

References

• “i” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.

Mondé

Noun

i

1. water

References

• Čestmír Loukotka, Documents et vocabulaires inédits de langues et de dialectes Sud Américains, JSAP 52: 7-60 (1963), page 44

Moriori

Etymology

Cognate with Māori i

Particle

i

1. past tense TAM (Used before verbs and statives to indicate past time).
2. direct object marker.

References

• Shand, Alexander (1894), “The Moriori People of the Chatham Islands: Their Traditions and History”, in The Journal of the Polynesian Society‎^[5]

Murui Huitoto

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈi]
• Hyphenation: i

Etymology 1

Cognates include Minica Huitoto i and Nüpode Huitoto i.

Root

i

1. this, that (anaphoric, aspecific)

Derived terms

• iaɨmaiaɨ

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

i

1. affirmative imperative of ite

References

• Katarzyna Izabela Wojtylak (2017), A grammar of Murui (Bue): a Witotoan language of Northwest Amazonia.‎^[6], Townsville: James Cook University press (PhD thesis), page 161

Navajo

Letter

i (lower case, upper case I)

1. The thirteenth letter of the Navajo alphabet, written in the Latin script:

   i = /ɪ˨/

   į = /ɪ̃˨/

   í = /ɪ˥/

   į́ = /ɪ̃˥/

   ii = /iː˨˨/

   įį = /ĩː˨˨/

   íi = /iː˥˨/

   į́į = /ĩː˥˨/

   ií = /iː˨˥/

   įį́ = /ĩː˨˥/

   íí = /iː˥˥/

   į́į́ = /ĩː˥˥/

Neapolitan

Etymology 1

Verb

i

1. alternative spelling of ire (“to go”)

Etymology 2

From Latin ego.

Alternative forms

• ije

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [iː]

Pronoun

i

1. I: the first-person singular nominative personal pronoun.

Nheengatu

Etymology

Inherited from Old Tupi i.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (unstressed) /i/

• Rhymes: -i
• Hyphenation: i

Pronoun

i

1. (second-class) third-person singular personal pronoun (he, him, his, she, her, it, its)

   I akanhemu uikú nhaãsé i kirá uikú.

   He is scared because he is fat.

   Indé reputari repitá i irũmu.

   You want to stay with him.

   Indé remeẽ manungara i xupé.

   You give something to him.

   I manha uwiké uka pisasú upé.

   His mother enters the new house.

Usage notes

• As a second-class pronoun, i is used as the subject of a sentence when its verb is a second-class one (those verbs are sometimes referred to as adjectives). The personal pronoun i is also used when governed by any postposition with the exception of arama. Unlike other second-class pronouns, i is used when governed by the postposition supé. Finally, i is used as a possessive pronoun as well.

Descendants

• >? Pirahã: hi

See also

Nheengatu personal pronouns

singular	first-class pronoun	second-class pronoun
first-person	ixé	se
second-person	indé	ne
third-person	aé	i
plural	first-class pronoun	second-class pronoun
first-person	yandé	yané
second-person	penhẽ	pe
third-person	aintá (or tá)	aintá (or tá)

References

• Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2016), Curso de língua geral (nheengatu ou tupi moderno): a língua das origens da civilização amazônica‎^[7] (in Portuguese), 2nd edition, São Paulo: Páginas & Letras, →ISBN, pages 11 and 104
• Avila, Marcel Twardowsky (2021), “i”, in Proposta de dicionário nheengatu-português [Nheengatu–Portuguese dictionary proposal] (in Portuguese), São Paulo: USP, →DOI, page 311

North Frisian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ə] (reduced vowel)
• IPA^(key): [ɪ] (short full vowel)
• IPA^(key): [iː] (long vowel, spelt ii)

Letter

i (lower case, upper case I)

1. A letter of the North Frisian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Usage notes

• The reduced vowel is mostly represented by ⟨e⟩. The alternative use of ⟨i⟩ is restricted to the insular dialects:
  • In Föhr-Amrum Frisian, it only occurs when the suffix -n is added to a word whose basic form ends in -e. For example, fraagin is infinitive II of fraage (“to ask”), distinguished from fraagen, the plural of fraag (“question”).
  • In Sylt Frisian, any word-final [ə] is spelt ⟨i⟩. It remains before inflectional -n or -s, but changes to ⟨e⟩ before other suffixes. For example, fraagi → fraagin, but dü fraagest. Moreover, ⟨i⟩ occurs in the prefix bi- and word-internally in adapted borrowings (ginau from German, Janiwaari from Latin).

See also

• (North Frisian letters): a, ä, å, ā, b, c, d, đ, e, ē, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, ö, p, r, s, t, u, ü, v, w (q, x, y, z)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• (Sylt) IPA^(key): [ɪ]

Pronoun

i (Sylt)

1. you, you all (second-person plural personal pronoun)

Alternative forms

• jam (Föhr-Amrum, Mooring)

See also

Personal and possessive pronouns (Sylt dialect)

			personal					possessive
			subject case		object case			singular referent	plural referent
			full	reduced	full	reduced			attributive	independent
singular	1st		ik	'k	mi			min		minen
	2nd		dü	–	di			din		dinen
	3rd	m	hi	'r	höm	'n		sin		sinen
		f	jü	's	höör	's		höör		höören
		n	hat	et, 't	höm	et, 't		sin		sinen
dual	1st		wat		unk		unk		unken
	2nd		at		junk		junk		junken
	3rd		jat		jam	's	jaar		jaaren
plural	1st		wü		üüs		üüs		üüsen
	2nd		i		juu		juu		juuen
	3rd		ja	's	jam	's	jaar		jaaren

• The reduced forms with an apostrophe are enclitic; they immediately follow verbs or conjunctions. Dü is deleted altogether in such contexts.
• Et is not enclitic and can stand in any unstressed position; the full subject form hat is now rarely used. In reflexive use, only full object forms occur.
• The dual forms are dated, but not obsolete as in other dialects.
• Independent possessives are distinguished from attributive ones only with plural referents.

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse í (“in”), from Proto-Germanic *in (“in, into”), from Proto-Indo-European *én (“in”).

Pronunciation

• (letter name): IPA^(key): /iː/
• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /iː/, /i/, /ɪ/

Letter

i (lower case, upper case I)

1. The ninth letter of the Norwegian Bokmål alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) bokstav; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z, Æ æ, Ø ø, Å å

Noun

i m (definite singular i-en, indefinite plural i-er, definite plural i-ene)

1. the letter I

Preposition

i

1. (location) in, inside of

   Ligge i sengen ― Laying in bed

   Oppe i fjellene ― Up in the mountains

2. (duration of time) for, in, during

   Møtet varte (i) to timer ― The meeting lasted two hours (literally, “The meeting went during two hours”)

   Han var utenlands i mange år ― He lived abroad for many years

   I høst, i vår, i dag, i går ― In autumn, in spring, today, yesterday

3. (condition, state) in

   Være i fred ― To be in peace

   Være i god form ― To be in shape (physically fit)

   Leve i fattigdom ― To live in poverty

4. (means, method) in

   Betale i gull ― To pay in gold.

   Gjøre noe i all hast ― To do something urgently (literally, “To do something in all haste”)

   i hemmelighet ― in secret

5. pertaining to, in reference to

   I deg har jeg en sann venn. ― In you I have a true friend.

References

• “i” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “i” in Norwegian Academy Dictionary (NAOB).
• “I – bokstav” in Store norske leksikon.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

From Old Norse í, from Proto-Germanic *in (“in, into”). Akin to English in.

Preposition

i

1. (location) in, inside of

   No er me i Noreg. ― We are currently in Norway.

2. (duration of time) for, in, during
3. (condition, state) in
4. (means, method) in
5. pertaining to, in reference to

Derived terms

• i dag
• i eino
• i fjor
• i forfjor
• i går
• i hel
• i hende
• i lag
• i land
• i live
• i morgon
• i mutom
• i ny og ne
• i tide
• i vente
• i år
• iallfall
• ifrå
• igjennom
• imellom
• inni
• uti

Adverb

i

1. Used together with certain verbs.

Etymology 2

From Latin i, minuscule of I.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /iː/

Letter

i (lower case, upper case I)

1. The ninth letter of the Norwegian alphabet, called i and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) bokstav; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z, Æ æ, Ø ø, Å å

Noun

i m (definite singular i-en, indefinite plural i-ar, definite plural i-ane)

1. The name of the Latin script letter I/i.

Derived terms

• i-land
• i-mål
• prikken over i-en

Etymology 3

Pronoun

i (objective me, possessive min)

1. (Snåsa, Lierne, Romsdal, Lesja, Sunndal) alternative form of eg (“I”)

Etymology 4

From Old Norse ér, ír, from Proto-Germanic *jūz. Possibly via Danish I. Compare with de.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /iː/

Pronoun

i (objective jær or ær or ør, possessive jærs or ærs or ørs)

1. (obsolete, dialectal, polite) you (second person singular)
   • 1853, Ivar Aasen, Prøver af Landsmaalet i Norge (overall work in Danish), Christiania: Carl C. Werner & Co., page 2:

     men æg undras paa, at i sku kjenn' mæg; æg trur aller, at æg kjenne ør; æg tyks aller ha sett ør før.

     Though I wonder how you would know me. I don't think I know you. I don't think I've ever seen you before.

References

• “i” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
• Torp, Alf (1919), “I”, in Nynorsk etymologisk ordbok (in Norwegian Nynorsk), Kristiania: Aschehoug, page 240
• Ivar Aasen (1850), “i”, in Ordbog over det norske Folkesprog‎^[8] (in Danish), Oslo: Samlaget, published 2000

Anagrams

• I, i-

Nupe

Pronunciation

• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /i/, (after /n/ or /m/) /ĩ/

Letter

i (lower case, upper case I)

1. The eleventh letter of the Nupe alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) banki; A a (Á á, À à), B b, C c, D d, Dz dz, E e (É é, È è), F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì), J j, K k, Kp kp, L l, M m (Ḿ ḿ, M̀ m̀, M̄ m̄), N n (Ń ń, Ǹ ǹ, N̄ n̄), O o (Ó ó, Ò ò), P p, R r, S s, Sh sh, T t, Ts ts, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù), V v, W w, Y y, Z z, Zh zh

Nuxalk

Pronunciation

• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /i/, [i~ɪ~e~e̞~ɛ]

Letter

i (lower case, upper case I)

1. The sixth letter of the Nuxalk alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, Aa aa, C c, Cw cw, H h, I i, Ii ii, K k, K’ k’, Kw kw, Kw’ kw’, L l, Lh lh, M m, N n, P p, P’ p’, Q q, Q’ q’, Qw qw, Qw’ qw’, S s, T t, T’ t’, Tl’ tl’, Ts ts, Ts’ ts’, U u, Uu uu, W w, X x, Xw xw, Y y, 7

Occitan

Pronunciation

• Audio (Béarn):

  (file)

Letter

i (lower case, upper case I)

1. A letter of the Occitan alphabet, called i and written in the Latin script.

Noun

i f (plural is)

1. The name of the Latin script letter I/i.

Derived terms

• i grèga

Old French

Etymology

From Latin hīc.

Adverb

i

1. there
   • c. 1155, Wace, Le Roman de Brut:

     Et grant compagnie i a d'omes

     And there is a large company of men

Descendants

• French: y

Old Irish

Alternative forms

• hí, hi

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *en (compare Welsh yn), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (compare English in, Latin in, Ancient Greek ἐν (en)).

The third-person singular masculine and neuter inflected dative form and is not derived from a contraction with a pronoun. Instead, it was originally an adverb with an independent etymology. See its page for its etymology.

Preposition

i (triggers eclipsis)

2. in [with dative]
4. into [with accusative]
6. in regard to, as to [with dative]
8. as [with accusative]

For quotations using this term, see Citations:i.

Inflection

Inflection of i

	Person:		normal	emphatic
singular	first		indium(m)	indiumsa
	second		indiut	indiuts(i)u
	third m or n	dative	and	andsom
		accusative	ind	indsom
	third f	dative	indi
		accusative	inte	intesi
plural	first		indiunn	indiunni
	second		indib	indibsi
	third	dative	indib	indibsom, indibsem
		accusative	intiu

Combinations with the definite article:

• is(s)in (accusative masculine/feminine singular)
• is(s)a (accusative neuter singular)
• isin(d), issin(d) (dative singular)
• isna (accusative plural)
• isnaib (dative plural)

Combinations with possessive determiners:

• im (“in my”) (1st person singular)
• inna, na (“in his/her/its/their”) (3rd person)

The form i is unchanged in combination with a relative pronoun.

Descendants

• Middle Irish: i, a
  • Irish: i
  • Scottish Gaelic: an
  • Manx: ayns

Further reading

• Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940) [1909], D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, translation of Handbuch des Alt-Irischen (in German), →ISBN, § 842, pages 518–22; reprinted 2017

Old Occitan

Etymology

From Latin hīc.

Adverb

i

1. there
   • 12th century, Bernard de Ventadour — Anc no gardei sazo ni mes

     E las melhors domnas i son !

     And the best women are there!

Descendants

• Occitan: i

Old Polish

Alternative forms

• hi

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey

Proto-Slavic *i

Old Polish i

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *i. First attested in the 14th century.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /i/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /i/

Conjunction

i

1. and (cumulative coordinating conjunction)

Descendants

• Polish: i
• Silesian: i

References

• Bożena Sieradzka-Baziur, et al., editors (2011–2015), “i, hi”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

Old Tupi

Alternative forms

• î (after vowels)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (atonic) /i/
• Rhymes: -i

Pronoun

i (2nd class, 3rd person singular and plural, 1st class equivalent a'e)

1. he, she, they, it
2. him, her, them
3. his, her, their, its
4. (dummy pronoun) it

   Gûyrá i porang

   The bird is beautiful

   (literally, “bird it beautiful”)

   Aîkutuk

   I poked it

Descendants

• Nheengatu: i

See also

Old Tupi personal pronouns

Number	Person	Nominative / Accusative			Possessive		Dative		Objective
		Subject	1st class	2nd class	Nonreflexive	Reflexive	1st class	2nd class
Singular	1st		ixé	xe			ixébe / ixébo	xebe / xebo
	2nd	îepé	endé	nde			endébe / endébo	ndebe / ndebo	oro-
Singular and Plural	3rd		a'e	i		o	i xupé
Plural	1st exc.		oré				orébe / orébo
	1st inc.		îandé				îandébe / îandébo
	2nd	peîepé	peẽ	pe			peẽme / peẽmo		opo-
	Indefinite		asé				asébe / asébo

References

• Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (1998), Método Moderno de Tupi Antigo: a língua do Brasil dos primeiros séculos [Modern method of Old Tupi: the language of Brazil's early centuries]‎^[9] (in Portuguese), 3 edition, São Paulo: Global Editora, published 2005, →ISBN
• Navarro, Eduardo de Almeida (2013), “i”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil ] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, page 149, column 1

Oromo

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɪ/

• Syllables - i, Count - 1

  • Audio:

    (file)

Letter

i (lower case, upper case I)

1. The ninth letter of the Oromo alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Paicî

Etymology

From Proto-Oceanic *kutu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kutu, from Proto-Austronesian *kuCux.

Noun

i

1. louse

References

• Jim Hollyman, K. J. Hollyman, Études sur les langues du Nord de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, page 52, 1999

Papiamentu

Alternative forms

• y (alternative spelling)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Spanish yder.

Proto-Indo-European *éti

Proto-Italic *et

Latin et

Old Galician-Portuguese e

Portuguese eder.

▲

Portuguese e

Kabuverdianu ider.

Papiamentu i

Derived from Spanish y, Portuguese e, and Kabuverdianu i.

Conjunction

i

1. and

Pijin

Etymology

From English he.

Particle

i

1. Separates the subject of a sentence from the predicate, used when the subject is a pronoun or a noun

References

• Jourdan, Christine with Maebiru, Ellen (2002), “i”, in Pijin: A trilingual cultural dictionary (Pacific Linguistics; 526), Canberra, ACT: Pacific Linguistics, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University, →ISBN, page 76

Polish

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ˈi/

• (Middle Polish) IPA^(key): /ˈi/
• (Lesser Poland):
  • (Goral):
    • (Zagórze) IPA^(key): [ˈi]

• Audio 1:

  (file)

• Audio 2:

  (file)

• Audio 3:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -i
• Syllabification: i
• Homophones: -i, -i-

Etymology 1

The Polish orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the history of Polish orthography article on Wikipedia for more, and i for development of the glyph itself.

Letter

i (lower case, upper case I)

1. The twelfth letter of the Polish alphabet, called i and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, Ą ą, B b, C c, Ć ć, D d, E e, Ę ę, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n, Ń ń, O o, Ó ó, P p, R r, S s, Ś ś, T t, U u, W w, Y y, Z z, Ź ź, Ż ż

Etymology 2

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey

Proto-Slavic *i

Old Polish i

Polish i

Inherited from Old Polish i.

Conjunction

i

1. and

   Adam i Ewa tylko zjedli jabłko. ― Adam and Eve only ate an apple.

   Patrzę na nią i oczom nie wierzę. ― I look at her and can’t believe my eyes.

2. even

   Wychodząc i kaloryfer nam naprawił. ― Leaving he even repaired our radiator.

   I ślepa wiewiórka czasem znajdzie orzech. ― Even a blind squirrel finds an acorn sometimes.

   Ja krowy to i w telewizji nigdy nie widziałem. ― I never saw a cow, even on TV.

3. also, too

   I mnie się podoba wasz wybór. ― I like your choice too.

   Czy i my? ― We too?

4. so, so that

   Zmęczyłem się i nie byłem już w stanie grać w koszykówkę. ― I grew tired, so I couldn’t play basketball anymore.

   Byłeś głupi, i cierp teraz. ― You were a fool, so now suffer.

5. (i...i) as well as

   Polsce potrzebne są i armia, i flota. ― Poland needs an army as well as a navy.

6. emphasizing particle

   I dobrze. ― Fine.

Derived terms

particles

• i to

noun

• (possibly) bajbardzo

Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), i is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 2473 times in scientific texts, 2409 times in news, 3061 times in essays, 2636 times in fiction, and 1806 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 12385 times, making it the 2nd most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.

Further reading

• “i”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎^[10] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• “i”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎^[11] (in Polish)
• Maria Renata Mayenowa, et al., editors (2010-2023), “i”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
• Maria Renata Mayenowa, et al., editors (2010-2023), “i”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
• “I”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 16.09.2009
• Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), “i”, in Słownik języka polskiego
• Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “i”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
• J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “i”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 71
• Józefa Kobylińska (2001), “i”, in Marian Kucała, editor, Słownik gwary gorczańskiej (zagórzańskiej)‎^[12] (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Akademii Pedagogicznej, →ISBN, page 51

Portuguese

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈi/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈi/

• Audio (Brazil):

  (file)

• Hyphenation: i

Letter

i m (lower case, upper case I)

1. The ninth letter of the Portuguese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) letra; A a (Á á, À à, Â â, Ã ã), B b, C c (Ç ç), D d, E e (É é, Ê ê), F f, G g, H h, I i (Í í), J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ô ô, Õ õ), P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ú ú), V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

Noun

i m (plural is)

1. The name of the Latin script letter I/i.

Derived terms

• i grego
• i grosso
• pôr os pontos nos is

See also

• (Latin-script letter names) letra; á, bê, cê, dê, é, efe, gê / guê, agá, i, jota, cá / capa, ele, eme, ene, ó, pê, quê, erre, esse, tê, u, vê, dáblio, xis, ípsilon, zê

Further reading

• “i”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Potawatomi

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/

Determiner

i

1. inanimate singular medial demonstrative determiner

Usage notes

Usually also implies definiteness e.g. i mbish (“(the) water”)

Pronoun

i

1. inanimate singular medial demonstrative pronoun

See also

Potawatomi demonstrative pronouns

	animate				inanimate
	proximate		obviative
	singular	plural			singular	plural
proximal	ode	gode	node		ode	node
medial	o	ki	ni		i	ni
distal	ago	égi	éni		é'i	éni

References

• “i”, in Online Potawatomi Dictionary‎^[13], Citizen Potawatomi Nation, 2026
• Lockwood, Hunter Thompson (2017), How the Potawatomi Language Lives: A Grammar of Potawatomi (PhD dissertation)‎^[14], Madison: University of Wisconsin-Madison, page 57

Pumpokol

Etymology

Possibly related to Ket и (ī, “name”) (Proto-Ketic *igʌ (“name.”))

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/

Noun

i (plural unknown)

1. name

Further reading

• Портфель Миллера in Russian state archives, folio 199.
• Werner, Heinrich K. (2005), Die Jenissej-Sprachen des 18. Jahrhunderts (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz KG, →ISBN, page 182

Rapa Nui

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *i.

Particle

i

1. relational particle that marks the object of a verb

Usage notes

Used in all cases except with verbs of sensing; in which case, use e.

Preposition

i

1. at
2. in

Romani

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/

Etymology 1

Letter

i (lower case, upper case I)

1. (International Standard) The twelfth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
2. (Pan-Vlax) The thirteenth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, X x, I i, J j, K k, Kh kh, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Ph ph, R r, S s, T t, Th th, U u, V v, Z z International Standard: (À à, Ä ä, Ǎ ǎ), Ć ć, Ćh ćh, (È è, Ë ë, Ě ě), (Ì ì, Ï ï, Ǐ ǐ), (Ò ò, Ö ö, Ǒ ǒ), Rr rr, Ś ś, (Ù ù, Ü ü, Ǔ ǔ), Ź ź, Ʒ ʒ, Q q, Ç ç, ϴ θ. Pan-Vlax: Č č, Čh čh, Dž dž, (Dź dź), Ř ř, Š š, (Ś ś), Ž ž, (Ź ź).

Etymology 2

Article

i f sg (masculine singular o, plural e)

1. the; feminine singular definite article

   i Sperànca ― Speranza

   i Rumùnia ― Romania

Usage notes

• The definite article is used with proper nouns (given names and place names) as well.

Declension

The definite article

number and gender	m sg	f sg	pl
nominative	o	i	e
oblique	e

Romanian

Etymology 1

See Translingual section.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/, /j/, /ʲ/

Letter

i (lower case, upper case I)

1. The eleventh letter of the Romanian alphabet, called i and written in the Latin script.

Usage notes

See I for notes on pronunciation.

See also

• (Latin script letters) Aa, Ăă, Ââ, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Îî, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Șș, Tt, Țț, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz

Etymology 2

Derived from Old Church Slavonic и (i).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/

Conjunction

i

1. (obsolete) and

   Synonym: și

Usage notes

Mostly used in the context of iproci (and so on...)

Samoan

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *i.

Particle

i

1. used to mark the following (noun or noun phrase) as a direct object

Preposition

i

1. in, on, at

References

• Milner, G.B. (1993), Samoan Dictionary, Auckland: Polynesian Press, →ISBN, page 81

Sardinian

Etymology

From Latin hīc (“here”).

Pronoun

i (adverbial)

1. there (at a place)
2. there, thither (to there)

   Synonyms: bi, nche

Sarikoli

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/

Letter

i (lower case, upper case I)

1. The fourteenth letter of the Sarikoli alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, Č č, D d, Δ δ, E e, Ɛ ε, Ə ə, F f, G g, Ɣ ɣ, Ɣ̌ ɣ̌, I i, Ʒ ʒ, J̌ ǰ, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, Š š, T t, θ ϑ, U u, Ü ü, V v, W w, X x, X̌ x̌, У у, Z z, Ž ž, Ы ы

Sassarese

Etymology 1

From Latin ī (the name of the letter I).

Noun

i f (invariable)

1. The name of the Latin script letter I/i.; i

Etymology 2

Apocopic form of in.

Preposition

i

1. alternative form of i'
   • 1989, Giovanni Maria Cherchi, “Un cuntaddu [A tale]”, in La poesia di l'althri [The poetry of others], Sassari: Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, page 47:

     Di la ziddài natiba i lu so’ cori
     diricaddu una mamma s’ammintaba
     ch’era verdhi e fiuridda che giardhinu.

     About the native town, in her delicate heart, a mother remembered it was as green and full of flowers as a garden.

Sathmar Swabian

Pronoun

i

1. I

References

• Claus Stephani, Volksgut der Sathmarschwaben (1985)

Savi

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *wed-

Proto-Indo-European *-r̥

Proto-Indo-European *wód-r̥ ~ *ud-né-s

Proto-Indo-Iranian *wáH-r̥ ~ *ud-ná-s

Sanskrit उ॒द- (udá-)

Proto-Indo-European *-kos

Proto-Indo-Iranian *-kas

Proto-Indo-Aryan *-kas

Sanskrit -क (-ka)

Sanskrit उ॒द॒क (udaká)

Savi i

Inherited from Sanskrit उ॒द॒क (udaká), from उ॒द- (udá-, “water”) + -क (-ka).

Noun

i

1. water

References

• Decker, Kendall D. (1992), Clare F. O’Leary, editor, Languages of Chitral (Sociolinguistic Survey of Northern Pakistan; 5)‎^[15], Islamabad: National Institute of Pakistani Studies, Quaid-i-Azam University, page 185, Summer Institute of Linguistics
• Knobloch, Nina (2020), A grammar sketch of Sauji: An Indo-Aryan language of Afghanistan‎^[16], Stockholm: Stockholm University, page 49

Scots

Etymology

From Middle English i, variant of in (“in”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɪ/

Preposition

i

1. in

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology 1

Letter

i (lower case, upper case I)

1. The ninth letter of the Scottish Gaelic alphabet, written in the Latin script; preceded by h and followed by l; traditionally named iodh (“yew”).

See also

• (Latin-script letters) litir; A a (À à), B b (Bh bh), C c (Ch ch), D d (Dh dh), E e (È è), F f (Fh fh), G g (Gh gh), H h, I i (Ì ì), L l, M m (Mh mh), N n, O o (Ò ò), P p (Ph ph), R r, S s (Sh sh), T t (Th th), U u (Ù ù)
• (diacritics) ◌̀
• (obsolete vowels) Á á É é Ó ó

Etymology 2

From Old Irish sí. Cognates include Irish sí and Manx ee.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/, (accented) /iː/

Pronoun

i (emphatic ise)

1. third-person feminine pronoun; she, her, it

See also

Scottish Gaelic personal pronouns

		simple		emphatic
		singular	plural	singular	plural
first person		mi	sinn	mise	sinne
second person		thu, tu1	sibh2	thusa, tusa1	sibhse2
third person	m	e	iad	esan	iadsan
	f	i		ise

¹ Used when following a verb ending in -n, -s or -dh.
² sibh and sibhse also act as the polite singular pronouns.
To mark a direct object of a verbal noun, the derivatives of gam are used.

Senhaja de Srair

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Berber.

Preposition

i (Tifinagh spelling ⵉ)

1. (dative) denotes the indirect object: to, for

   Kk-as i netta! ― Give it to him!

Alternative forms

• id (Ketama, Zerqet)
• g (Hmed, Zerqet)
• gʷ (Hmed)
• ig (Hmed)
• gi (Zerqet)

Etymology 2

Preposition

i (Tifinagh spelling ⵉ)

1. Bunsar, Hmed, Ketama, and Taghzut form of id

References

• Gutova, Evgeniya; Byler, Jonathan (2025), “Senhaja de Srair - English Dictionary”, in Webonary‎^[17], retrieved 2025
• Gutova, Evgeniya (2021) Senhaja Berber Varieties: Phonology, Morphology, and Morphosyntax (Thesis)‎^[18], Paris, France: HAL

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

See Translingual section.

Pronunciation

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /i/

Letter

i (lower case, upper case I, Cyrillic equivalent и)

1. The thirteenth letter of the Serbo-Croatian alphabet (gajica), written in the Latin script; preceded by h and followed by j.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *i.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/

• Audio:

  (file)

Conjunction

i (Cyrillic spelling и)

1. and

   Ivica i Marica se vole ― Ivica and Marica love each other.

   i tako dalje ― and so on

2. (i… i…) both… and…

   ne možeš istovremeno i tužiti i suditi. ― you can't simultaneously both sue and judge

3. also, too, as well

   i meni se sviđa vaš odabir ― I like your choice too

4. even (usually preceded by čȁk)

   (čak) i ja sam pozvan na zabavu! ― even I have been invited to the party

5. (ne sȁmo… nȅgo/vȅć i…) also, too

   on je ne samo darovit, nego i jako marljiv ― he is not only talented, but also very industrious

6. so, so that (= te, pa)

   umorio sam se i nisam mogao više igrati košarku ― I grew tired, so I couldn't play basketball anymore

Etymology 3

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jixъ.

Alternative forms

• ih (standard)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/

Pronoun

i (Cyrillic spelling и)

1. (Torlakian) them (short accusative plural of on (“he”))
2. (Torlakian) them (short accusative plural of oná (“she”))
3. (Torlakian) them (short accusative plural of onó (“it”))

Usage notes

• Not all forms of Torlakian use the pronoun i, some instead use gi or ji.

References

• Miloš Okuka, Srpski dijalekti, SKD Prosvjeta, Zagreb, 2008. page 266
• Ljubisav Ćirić, Govori Ponišavlja, Institut za srpski jezik SANU, Beograd, 1999. page 138

Sicilian

Etymology 1

From Latin ī (the name of the letter I).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/

Noun

i f

1. The name of the Latin script letter I/i.; i

Derived terms

• i greca
• i longa

Etymology 2

From the lenition of li, from the conflation of the apheresis of Latin illī and illae, both nominative plurals of ille.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/ (stressed)
• IPA^(key): /ɪ/ (unstressed)

Article

i m pl or f pl

1. (masculine and feminine plural definite article) the

   Synonym: li

Usage notes

• As for other Romance languages, such as Neapolitan or Portuguese, Sicilian definite articles have undergone a consonant lenition that has led to the phonetic fall of the initial l. The use of this illiquid variant has not yet made the use of liquid variants disappear, but today it is still the prevalent use in speech and writing.
• In the case of the production of literary texts, such as singing or poetry, or of formal and institutional texts, resorting to "liquid articles" and "liquid articulated prepositions" confers greater euphony to the text, although it may sound a form of courtly recovery.
• Illiquid definite articles can be phonetically absorbed by the following noun. I.e: l'arancini (liquid) and ârancini (illiquid).

Inflection

Sicilian articles

		singular		plural
		masculine	feminine
indefinite article		nu, un, 'n	na	—
definite article	liquid	lu	la	li
	illiquid	u, û	a, â	i, î

Etymology 3

From the lenition of li, from the conflation of the apheresis of Latin illī and illae, both nominative plurals of ille.

Alternative forms

• li (liquid form)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/ (stressed)
• IPA^(key): /ɪ/ (unstressed)

Pronoun

i m pl or f pl

1. (accusative) them

   Synonym: li

   I canusci? ― Do you know them?

2. (accusative) it, this or that thing

   Synonym: li

   Quannu tî desi. ― When I gave them to you.

Usage notes

• This pronoun can blend in contracted forms with other particles, especially other personal pronominal particles.

Inflection

Sicilian pronominal particles

	singular		plural
	masculine	feminine
mi	mû	mâ	mî
ti	tû	tâ	tî
ci	ci u	ci a	cî
ni	nû	nâ	nî
vi	vû	vâ	vî
ci	ci u	ci a	cî

Silesian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈi/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -i
• Syllabification: i

Etymology 1

The Silesian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. 3 main scripts exist, the Steuer Alphabet made in 1934, the Silesian Phonetic Alphabet in 2006, and the Elementary alphabet made in the late 2000s. See the Silesian language article on Wikipedia for more, and i for development of the glyph itself.

Letter

i (lower case, upper case I)

1. The eleventh letter of the Silesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, Ã ã, B b, C c, Ć ć, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n, Ń ń, O o, Ǒ ǒ, Ō ō, Ô ô, Õ õ, P p, R r, S s, Ś ś, T t, U u, W w, Y y, Z z, Ź ź, Ż ż

Etymology 2

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey

Proto-Slavic *i

Old Polish i

Silesian i

Inherited from Old Polish i.

Conjunction

i

1. coordinating conjunction; and

   Synonym: a

Further reading

• i in silling.org

Silimo

Noun

i

1. water

References

• Clemens Voorhoeve (1975), Languages of Irian Jaya Checklist, Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, →DOI, page 105

Sirionó

Noun

i

1. water

References

• Phonemes of the Siriono Language
• A Flip-Flop in Siriono

Skolt Sami

Pronunciation

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /i/, /j/

Letter

i (lower case, upper case I)

1. The sixteenth letter of the Skolt Sami alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) bukva; A a,  â, B b, C c, Č č, Ʒ ʒ, Ǯ ǯ, D d, Đ đ, E e, F f, G g, Ǧ ǧ, Ǥ ǥ, H h, I i, J j, K k, Ǩ ǩ, L l, M m, N n, Ŋ ŋ, O o, Õ õ, P p, R r, S s, Š š, T t, U u, V v, Z z, Ž ž, Å å, Ä ä, ʹ

Slovak

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey

Proto-Slavic *i

Slovak i

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *i.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈi/

Conjunction

i

1. and
2. as well as

Derived terms

• i keď

Further reading

• “i”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2026

Slovene

Etymology 1

From Gaj's Latin alphabet i, from Czech alphabet i, from Latin i, lower case variation of I from the Etruscan letter 𐌉 (i, “i”), from the Ancient Greek letter Ι (I, “iota”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤉 (y, “yod”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓂝.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Slovene, tonal) IPA^(key): /ˈíː/, /ˈìː/, /ˈî/, /i/, [ˈɪ́ː], [ˈɪ̀ː], [ˈɪ̂], [ˈîː], [ˈǐː], [ˈɪ̂ː], [ˈɪ̌ː], SNPT: /ī/, /ȉ/, /i/
• (Standard Slovene, non-tonal) IPA^(key): /ˈiː/, /ˈi/, /i/, [ˈɪː], [ˈɪ], SNPT: /í/, /ì/, /i/

Note: different distinctions and accent shifts do not necessarily exclude other and most of them exist in both tonal and non-tonal Slovene.

• (Standard Slovene, tonal) IPA^(key): [ˈîː], [ˈǐː], SNPT: [ī]
• (Standard Slovene, non-tonal) IPA^(key): [ˈiː], SNPT: [í],

  Audio:

  (file)

Note: different distinctions and accent shifts do not necessarily exclude other and most of them exist in both tonal and non-tonal Slovene.

• Rhymes: -iː ([-í]) (non-tonal)
• Hyphenation: i
• Homophones: I, i (tonal and non-tonal)
  
• Homophone: i (without length distinctions)

Letter

i (lower case, upper case I)

1. The tenth letter of the Slovene alphabet, written in the Latin script.
2. The fifteenth letter of the Slovene alphabet (Resian), written in the Latin script.
3. The eleventh letter of the Slovene alphabet (Natisone Valley dialect), written in the Latin script.

Symbol

i

1. (SNPT) Phonetic transcription of sound [i].

Noun

ī m inan

1. The name of the Latin script letter I/i.
2. (linguistics) The name of the phoneme /i/.

Declension

• Overall more common

First masculine declension (soft o-stem, inanimate) , fixed accent, -j- infix
nom. sing.	i
gen. sing.	i-ja
	singular	dual	plural
nominative imenovȃlnik	i	i-ja	i-ji
genitive rodȋlnik	i-ja	i-jev	i-jev
dative dajȃlnik	i-ju, i-ji	i-jema	i-jem
accusative tožȋlnik	i	i-ja	i-je
locative mẹ̑stnik	i-ju, i-ji	i-jih	i-jih
instrumental orọ̑dnik	i-jem	i-jema	i-ji
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	i	i-ja	i-ji

• More common when with a definite adjective

Third masculine declension (no endings) , fixed accent
nom. sing.	i
gen. sing.	i
	singular	dual	plural
nominative imenovȃlnik	i	i	i
genitive rodȋlnik	i	i	i
dative dajȃlnik	i	i	i
accusative tožȋlnik	i	i	i
locative mẹ̑stnik	i	i	i
instrumental orọ̑dnik	i	i	i
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	i	i	i

• Dialectal, in common written language used till 19th century

First masculine declension (hard o-stem, inanimate) , -j- infix
nom. sing.	i
gen. sing.	i-ja
	singular	dual	plural
nominative imenovȃlnik	i	i-ja	i-ji
genitive rodȋlnik	i-ja	i-jov	i-jov
dative dajȃlnik	i-ju, i-ji	i-joma	i-jom
accusative tožȋlnik	i	i-ja	i-je
locative mẹ̑stnik	i-ju, i-ji	i-jih	i-jih
instrumental orọ̑dnik	i-jom	i-joma	i-ji
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	i	i-ja	i-ji

Derived terms

• dolgi i
• ì
• ȋ
• ī
• ȉ
• í
• ï
• kratki i
• ɨ

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• (Standard Slovene, tonal) IPA^(key): [ˈîː], SNPT: [ȋ]
• (Standard Slovene, non-tonal) IPA^(key): [ˈiː], SNPT: [í],

  Audio:

  (file)

Note: different distinctions and accent shifts do not necessarily exclude other and most of them exist in both tonal and non-tonal Slovene.

• Rhymes: -iː ([-í]) (non-tonal)
• Hyphenation: i
• Homophones: i, I (tonal and non-tonal)
  
• Homophone: i (without length distinctions)

Interjection

i

1. used to denote happiness after correct assumption

   Synonyms: a, aha, e, oho, olala

   I, pa si le lagal.

   Ha, you were lying after all.

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• (Standard Slovene, tonal) IPA^(key): [ˈî], SNPT: [ȉ]
• (Standard Slovene, non-tonal) IPA^(key): [ˈi], SNPT: [ì]

Note: different distinctions and accent shifts do not necessarily exclude other and most of them exist in both tonal and non-tonal Slovene.

• Rhymes: -i ([-ì]) (non-tonal)
• Hyphenation: i
• Homophone: i (tonal and non-tonal)
  
• Homophones: i, I (without length distinctions)

Interjection

i

1. (archaic) used to denote unhappiness or unpleasant surprise

   Synonyms: ah, uh

2. (archaic) used to denote that speaker is indifferent to the topic

   Synonyms: eh, e, o

   I ja, saj ti verjamem.

   Whatever, I believe you.

Etymology 4

Derived from Proto-Slavic *i (“and”), itself from Proto-Indo-European *éy, an early locative singular determiner, formed from the root *h₁e-, *h₁o-. Cognates with Serbo-Croatian i, Macedonian и (i), Bulgarian и (i), Old Church Slavonic и (i), Czech i, Polish i, Kashubian ë, Slovak i, Belarusian і (i), Belarusian й (j), Carpathian Rusyn й (j), Ukrainian і (i), Ukrainian й (j), and Russian и (i).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Slovene, tonal) IPA^(key): [i], [ˈî], SNPT: [i], [ȉ]
• (Standard Slovene, non-tonal) IPA^(key): [i], [ˈi], SNPT: [i], [ì]

Note: different distinctions and accent shifts do not necessarily exclude other and most of them exist in both tonal and non-tonal Slovene.

• Rhymes: -i ([-ì]) (non-tonal)
• Hyphenation: i
• Homophone: i (tonal and non-tonal)
  
• Homophones: i, I (without length distinctions)

Conjunction

i

1. (obsolete) and

   Synonyms: in, ino, no, ter, pa

Usage notes

Use of i as a conjunction in Slovene is obsolete and not well-known, so most nowadays speakers usually relate it with other Slavic languages rather than with old Slovene. Nowadays, its derivative, in is used, which is etymologically speaking a stressed variant, but has since lost the initial difference.

As opposed to in, i can be pronounced as stressed or unstressed form in all contexts (but if taken out of context, only the stressed version is allowed) whereas in is stressed only if taken out of context.

Derived terms

• in
• ino
• itak

Etymology 5

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• (Standard Slovene, tonal) IPA^(key): [i], SNPT: [i]
• (Standard Slovene, non-tonal) IPA^(key): [i], SNPT: [i]

Note: different distinctions and accent shifts do not necessarily exclude other and most of them exist in both tonal and non-tonal Slovene.

• (Standard Slovene, tonal) IPA^(key): [ˈîː], SNPT: [ȋ]
• (Standard Slovene, non-tonal) IPA^(key): [ˈiː], SNPT: [í],

  Audio:

  (file)

Note: different distinctions and accent shifts do not necessarily exclude other and most of them exist in both tonal and non-tonal Slovene.

• Rhymes: -iː ([-í]) (non-tonal)
• Hyphenation: i
• Homophones: i, I (tonal and non-tonal)
  
• Homophone: i (without length distinctions)

Particle

i

1. (obsolete) also

   Synonyms: tudi, prav tako, ravno tako, isto, istotako, še, vključno

Further reading

“i”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2026

Somali

Etymology

From Proto-Somaloid *i, from Proto-Cushitic *yi, from Proto-Afroasiatic *yi (“me”). Cognate with Maay i, Garre i, Aweer i, Rendille i, Arbore ye, Daasanach ye, Burji ee, Blin yé.

Pronoun

i

1. me

See also

Somali personal pronouns

			independent	clitic
			emphatic	subject	object
1st person	singular		aniga	-aan	-i
	plural	exclusive	annaga	-aannu	-na
		inclusive	innaga	-aynu	-ina
2nd person	singular		adiga	-aad	-ku
	plural		idinka	-aydin	-idin
3rd person	singular	m	isaga	-uu	-
		f	iyada	-ay
	plural		iyaga	-ay

References

• Puglielli, A., & Mansuur, C. C. (2012). "Qaamuuska Af‒Soomaaliga" (in Somali). Roma: Istituto Italiano per l’Africa e l’Oriente, page 427

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (phoneme) /i/ [i], /j/ [j], [i̯]
• IPA^(key): (letter name, verb) /ˈi/ [ˈi]

  • Audio (Spain):

    (file)

  • Rhymes: -i
  • Syllabification: i

Etymology 1

Directly from Latin.

Letter

i (lower case, upper case I)

1. The ninth letter of the Spanish alphabet, written in the Latin script.

   Synonym: i latina

Noun

i f (plural íes)

1. The name of the Latin script letter I/i.

Derived terms

• i griega
• i latina
• poner los puntos sobre las íes

Etymology 2

See y.

Conjunction

i

1. obsolete spelling of y

Etymology 3

Verb

i

1. (nonstandard, proscribed, dialectal) second-person singular voseo imperative of ir

Further reading

• “i”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025

Sranan Tongo

Pronoun

i

1. pronunciation spelling of yu

Sumerian

Romanization

i

1. romanization of 𒄿
2. romanization of 𒉌

Swabian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /iː/

Pronoun

i

1. I

Coordinate terms

Swabian personal pronouns

	singular					plural
	1st person	2nd person	3rd person			1st person	2nd person	3rd person
			m	f	n
nominative	i	du d	är ǒ r	sui se	s äs	mir mǒr	ir ǒr	sia se
dative	mir mǒr	dir dǒr	eem ǎm	ira ǒra	s	aos	uich	eene ăna
accusative	me mi	de di	een ěn	sui se	s	aos	uich	sia se

Swedish

Etymology 1

From Old Swedish ī, from Old Norse í, from Proto-Germanic *in.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /iː/, [ˈɨ͜zː]

• Audio (Gotland):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -iː

Adverb

i (verb particle)

1. used to signify that an action is done with intensity

Derived terms

• ligga i
• stå i
• ta i

Preposition

i

1. in; located inside
2. in; specifies a place, a region or a country

   Kim bor i Stockholm, som ligger i Sverige.

   Kim lives in Stockholm which lies in Sweden.

3. (about time) to; before a full hour or, if used in the phrase "fem i halv", a half-hour

   Antonym: (past) över

   Middag serveras mellan sex och kvart i åtta varje kväll.

   Dinner is served between six and quarter to eight every evening.

4. (about time) for; duration

   Jag sover i flera timmar.

   I sleep for several hours.

5. (in various constructions) last, previous

   i måndags

   last Monday

   i julas

   last Christmas

Usage notes

In definition 5, (last, previous) the following noun gets a suffix -s (weekdays: i måndags) or -as (seasons: i höstas, certain holidays, e.g. jul, midsommar, påsk, pingst). Other holidays instead use förra, senaste, sista, e.g. förra nyåret.

Derived terms

• I
• i akt
• i dag
• i det (att)
• i ett
• i fatt
• i fjol
• i fjor
• i fred
• i fråga
• i gång
• i höstas
• i julas
• i jåns
• i kapp
• i kraft
• i kväll
• i land
• i midsomras
• i morgon
• i morron
• i morse
• i måndags
• i natt
• i pingstas
• i påskas
• i somras
• i stånd
• i stället
• i synnerhet
• i sänder
• i vintras
• i våras
• i väg
• i-balk
• i-järn
• i-land
• i-ljud
• i-omljud
• i-stål
• iaktta
• ibland
• iblanda
• idag
• idriftsättning
• idrifttagande
• idrifttagning
• ifall
• ifatt
• ifjol
• ifjor
• ifred
• ifråga
• ifrågakomma
• ifrågasätta
• ifrågasättande
• ifrågavarande
• ifrån
• ifylla
• ifyllnad
• ifyllning
• iföra
• igen
• igång
• igångkörning
• igångsätta
• igår
• ihakning
• ihjäl
• ihop
• ihåg
• ihålig
• ihållande
• ihälld
• ihällning
• ihängande
• ihängsen
• ihärdig
• ijåns
• ikapp
• iklä
• ikläda
• ikraft
• ikring
• ikull
• ikväll
• iland
• ilasta
• ilastning
• iläggning
• iläggsskiva
• imatning
• imorgon
• imorron
• inatt
• ini
• inuti
• iordninggjord
• iordninglagd
• iordningställa
• iplockad
• iplockning
• iråkad
• iröra
• iscensätta
• iscensättare
• iscensättning
• isittande
• iskarvning
• iskruvning
• iskuren
• islag
• islagen
• islagning
• istadarätt
• istadig
• istickning
• istoppad
• istoppning
• istoppstäcke
• istånd
• istället
• iständsätta
• isydd
• isyning
• isynnerhet
• isåning
• isänder
• isär
• isättning
• itu
• ituta
• ity
• itänd
• iväg
• iögonenfallande
• iögonfallande

Related terms

• emot

See also

• inuti
• I

Etymology 2

From Old Norse ek, from Proto-Norse ᛖᚲ (ek), -ᚲᚨ (-ka, “I”), Proto-Germanic *ek, *eka, *ik (“I”), from Proto-Indo-European *eǵh₂óm (“I”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /iː/

Pronoun

i

1. (Piteå) I

References

• “i”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish)
• “i”, in Svenska Akademiens ordlista [Wordlist of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)
• “i”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)
• i in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)

Tagalog

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Spanish i. Each pronunciation has a different source:

• Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English i.
• Abakada alphabet pronunciation is influenced by Baybayin character ᜁ (i).
• Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish i.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog)
  • IPA^(key): /ˈʔaj/ [ˈʔaɪ̯] (letter name, Filipino alphabet)
    • Rhymes: -aj
  • IPA^(key): /ˈʔi/ [ˈʔɪ] (letter name, Abakada alphabet, Abecedario)
    • Rhymes: -i
  • IPA^(key): /ˈi/ [ˈɪ] (phoneme, stressed)
    • Rhymes: -i
  • IPA^(key): /i/ [ɪ] (phoneme, unstressed)
    • Rhymes: -i
• Syllabification: i

Letter

i (lower case, upper case I)

1. the ninth letter of the Filipino alphabet, called ay and written in the Latin script
2. the eighth letter of the Abakada alphabet, called i and written in the Latin script
3. (historical) the tenth letter of the Abecedario, called i and written in the Latin script

See also

• (Latin-script letters) titik; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, Ng ng, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

Noun

i (Baybayin spelling ᜁ)

1. the name of the Latin script letter I/i, in the Abakada alphabet

   Synonym: (in the Filipino alphabet) ay

2. (historical) the name of the Latin script letter I/i, in the Abecedario

   Synonym: (in the Filipino alphabet) ay

See also

• ii

Etymology 2

Borrowed from English ee, the English name of the letter E / e.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ʔi/ [ʔɪ]
• Rhymes: -i
• Syllabification: i

Noun

i (Baybayin spelling ᜁ)

1. the name of the Latin script letter E/e, in the Filipino alphabet

   Synonym: (in the Abakada alphabet and Abecedario) e

See also

• (Latin-script letter names) titik; ey, bi, si, di, i, ef, dyi, eyts, ay, dyey, key, el, em, en, enye, en dyi, o, pi, kyu, ar, es, ti, yu, vi, dobolyu, eks, way, zi

Further reading

• “i”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, 2018

Tahitian

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *i.

Preposition

i

1. at
2. in

Talysh

Etymology

Cognate with Persian یک (yek).

Numeral

i

1. one

Tarifit

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Berber.

Pronunciation

• (Nador) IPA^(key): [ɪ]
• Syllabification: i
• Rhymes: -ɪ

Particle

i (Tifinagh spelling ⵉ)

1. relative marker: who, that, which

   D Ḥmed i yurin tabrat. ― It is Ahmed who wrote the letter.

   D cemm i iruḥen. ― It is you who went.

   Taḥenjirt i yeqqimen. ― The girl who sat.

2. placed at the beginning of a sentence to introduce an emphatic question: and, so

   I cekk? ― And you?

   I mani ten-tejjid? ― And where did you leave them?

   I manis yekka? ― So where did it go?

Preposition

i (Tifinagh spelling ⵉ)

1. dative preposition
   1. to, for

      Yewca tabrat i mmis ― He gave the letter to his son.

      Uriɣ i baba ― I wrote to my father.

      Yenna-as i wuccen ― He said to the jackal.

   2. per, a

      myat frank i tsaɛet ― one hundred francs per hour

      duru i nnhar ― a douro per day

Usage notes

Nouns following this preposition are placed in the annexed state.

References

• Serhoual (2002)
• Abarrou (2024)

Tlingit

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ʔì]

Pronoun

i

1. your (second-person singular possessive pronoun)

Tok Pisin

Etymology

From English is or an unknown Austronesian language.

Particle

i

1. Separates the subject of a sentence from the predicate, used when the subject is a pronoun, or a noun
   • 1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 1:2:

     Tasol graun i no bin i stap olsem yumi save lukim nau.

     →New International Version translation

References

• Volker, C. A. (general editor), et al. (2008), Papua New Guinea Tok Pisin English Dictionary, Oxford University Press in association with Wantok Niuspepa, →ISBN, page 28

Tokelauan

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *i. Cognates include Hawaiian i and Samoan i.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [i]
• Hyphenation: i

Preposition

i

1. in, on, at
   • 1948, Tūlāfono fakavae a Tokelau [Constitution of Tokelau]‎^[19], page 1:

     Ko te fakavae tenei e matea i nā nuku ma kafai ona tagata e faifaimea fakatahi, ma nonofo fakatahi i te filemu ma te fiafia.

     This foundation is recognised in the villages and if their people repetedly do things together, and they live together in peace and happiness.

2. on, during
3. with, by, using
4. because of

References

• R. Simona, editor (1986), Tokelau Dictionary‎^[20], Auckland: Office of Tokelau Affairs, page 26

Tongan

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *i.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/

Preposition

i

1. in

Turkish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/

• Audio:

  (file)

Letter

i (lower case, upper case İ)

1. The twelfth letter of the Turkish alphabet, called i and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin script letters) harf; Aa, Bb, Cc, Çç, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Ğğ, Hh, Iı, İi, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Öö, Pp, Rr, Ss, Şş, Tt, Uu, Üü, Vv, Yy, Zz

Noun

i

1. The name of the Latin script letter İ/i.

See also

• (Latin script letter names) harf; a, be, ce, çe, de, e, fe, ge, yumuşak ge, he, ı, i, je, ke, le, me, ne, o, ö, pe, re, se, şe, te, u, ü, ve, ye, ze ^{(Category: tr:Latin letter names)}

Turkmen

Pronunciation

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /i/, /iː/

Letter

i (lower case, upper case I)

1. The tenth letter of the Turkmen alphabet, called i and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) harp; A a, B b, Ç ç, D d, E e, Ä ä, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, Ž ž, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ň ň, O o, Ö ö, P p, R r, S s, Ş ş, T t, U u, Ü ü, W w, Y y, Ý ý, Z z

Vietnamese

Etymology

Borrowed from French i or Portuguese i.

Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [ʔi˧˧]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [ʔɪj˧˧]
• (Saigon) IPA^(key): [ʔɪj˧˧]

Letter

i (lower case, upper case I)

1. A letter of the Vietnamese alphabet, called i or i ngắn and written in the Latin script.

Noun

i

1. The name of the Latin script letter I/i.

Synonyms

• i ngắn

See also

• (Quốc ngữ letters) chữ cái; A a (À à, Ả ả, àã, Á á, Ạ ạ), Ă ă (Ằ ằ, Ẳ ẳ, Ẵ ẵ, Ắ ắ, Ặ ặ),  â (Ầ ầ, Ẩ ẩ, Ẫ ẫ, Ấ ấ, Ậ ậ), B b, C c (Ch ch), D d, Đ đ, E e (È è, Ẻ ẻ, Ẽ ẽ, É é, Ẹ ẹ), Ê ê (Ề ề, Ể ể, Ễ ễ, Ế ế, Ệ ệ), G g (Gh gh, Gi gi), H h, I i (Ì ì, Ỉ ỉ, Ĩ ĩ, Í í, Ị ị), K k (Kh kh), L l, M m, N n (Ng ng, Ngh ngh, Nh nh), O o (Ò ò, Ỏ ỏ, Õ õ, Ó ó, Ọ ọ), Ô ô (Ồ ồ, Ổ ổ, Ỗ ỗ, Ố ố, Ộ ộ), Ơ ơ (Ờ ờ, Ở ở, Ỡ ỡ, Ớ ớ, Ợ ợ), P p (Ph ph), Q q (Qu qu), R r, S s, T t (Th th, Tr tr), U u (Ù ù, Ủ ủ, Ũ ũ, Ú ú, Ụ ụ), Ư ư (Ừ ừ, Ử ử, Ữ ữ, Ứ ứ, Ự ự), V v, X x, Y y (Ỳ ỳ, Ỷ ỷ, Ỹ ỹ, Ý ý, Ỵ ỵ)

Volapük

Adverb

i

1. also, too, as well
   • 1932, Arie de Jong, Leerboek der Wereldtaal, page 19:

     Cils äbinons-li i pö zäl et? Si! elogob us tumis.

     Were there children at that party as well? Yes, I've seen hundreds of them there.

   • 1937, “‚Johann Martin Schleyer’”, in Volapükagased pro Nedänapükans, page 34:

     Äbejäfom i poedavi, ed äpübom dü lunüp timapenädi: ‚Sionsharfe’.

     He also practiced poetry, and for a long time, he published the magazine "Sionsharfe".

Further reading

• “i”, in Vödabuk (in English, Esperanto, and Volapük)

Votic

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian и (i).

Pronunciation

• (Luutsa, Liivčülä) IPA^(key): /ˈi/, [ˈi]
• (Jõgõperä) IPA^(key): /ˈi/, [ˈi]
• (Central Votic) IPA^(key): /ˈi/, [ˈi]
• (Eastern Votic) IPA^(key): /ˈi/, [ˈi]
• Rhymes: -i
• Hyphenation: i

Conjunction

i

1. and

   Synonym: ja

Particle

i

1. also, as well, too

See also

• i ... i (“as ... so”)

References

• Hallap, V.; Adler, E.; Grünberg, S.; Leppik, M. (2012), “i”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language]‎^[21], 2nd edition, Tallinn

Waigeo

Pronoun

i

1. third person singular animate object pronoun: him, her

References

• Arnold, Laura (2018), Grammar of Ambel, an Austronesian language of Raja Ampat, west New Guinea (PhD thesis)‎^[22]

Walloon

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/

Etymology 1

From Vulgar Latin *illī, from Classical Latin ille.

Pronoun

i

1. he

Related terms

• lu

Etymology 2

From Vulgar Latin illos, used in place of the missing third-person pronoun, from Latin illos, accusative plural of ille.

Pronoun

i

1. they

Related terms

• zels

Wano

Noun

i

1. water

References

• Willem Brurung, The Phonology of Wano, SIL Electronic Working Papers 2007-003 (2007), page 30

Welsh

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /iː/
• Rhymes: -iː

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

• (with grave accent to indicate otherwise unpredictable short vowel): ì
• (with acute accent to indicate unusually stressed short vowel): í
• (with circumflex to indicate otherwise unpredictable or unusually stressed long vowel): î
• (with diaeresis to indicate disyllabicity): ï

Letter

i (lower case, upper case I)

1. The thirteenth letter of the Welsh alphabet, called i and written in the Latin script; preceded by h and followed by l.

Mutation

• i cannot mutate but, being a vowel, does take h-prothesis, for example with the word iwrch (“roe deer”):

Mutated forms of iwrch

radical	soft	nasal	h-prothesis
iwrch	unchanged	unchanged	hiwrch

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Derived terms

• Digraph sequences: iw

See also

• (Latin-script letters) llythyren; A a (Á á, À à,  â, Ä ä), B b, C c, Ch ch, D d, Dd dd, E e (É é, È è, Ê ê, Ë ë), F f, Ff ff, G g, Ng ng, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Πî, Ï ï), J j, L l, Ll ll, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ò ò, Ô ô, Ö ö), P p, Ph ph, R r, Rh rh, S s, T t, Th th, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù, Û û, Ü ü), W w (Ẃ ẃ, Ẁ ẁ, Ŵ ŵ, Ẅ ẅ), Y y (Ý ý, Ỳ ỳ, Ŷ ŷ, Ÿ ÿ)

• (Latin-script letter names) llythyren; a, bi, ec, èch, di, èdd, e, èf, èff, èg, eng, aetsh, i / i dot, je, ce, el, èll, em, en, o, pi, ffi, ciw, er, rhi, ès, ti, èth, u / u bedol / u gwpan, fi, w, ecs, y, sèd

Noun

i f (plural ïau)

1. The name of the Latin script letter I/i.

Mutation

Mutated forms of i

radical	soft	nasal	h-prothesis
i	unchanged	unchanged	hi

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Brythonic *mi, from Proto-Celtic *mī.

Pronoun

i

1. I, me

See also

• fi (“I, me”)
• mi (“I, me”)

Etymology 3

From Middle Welsh y, from Old Welsh di (pronounced /ðə/), from Proto-Celtic *dū, related to Breton da (“to, for”), Cornish dhe (“to, for”), Irish do (“to, for”).

The form i for the preposition itself must have been by analogy to the conjugated forms; the expected reflex of Middle Welsh y would of course be y.

Preposition

i (triggers soft mutation)

1. to, into (a place)

   Aethon nhw iʼr ysbyty.

   They went to the hospital.

2. for (a recipient)

   Mae’r jem i Siân.

   The jewel is for Siân.

   Dw i’n prynu teiar newydd i’n car.

   I'm buying a new tyre for our car.

3. that

   Maen nhw’n dweud iddi hi yfed gormod o gwrw.

   They say that she drank too much beer.

Usage notes

• I is often used to indicate direction "to" a place or "(in order) to" do an action in contrast to at, which indicates direction "to" a person.
  • Rwy'n mynd i'r feddygfa. ― I'm going to the surgery.
  • Rwy'n mynd i weld y meddyg. ― I'm going to see the doctor.
  • Rwy'n mynd at y meddyg. ― I'm going to the doctor.

See o for a similar distinction for "from".

• The literary language distinguishes between unemphatic personal forms and personal forms with emphasis on the pronoun.
  • Rhaid inni fynd. ― We must go. (no particular emphasis)
  • Rhaid i ni fynd. ― We must go. (emphasis on we)

In less formal language, this distinction is not made in writing.

• Rhaid i ni fynd. ― We must go. (no particular emphasis)

• Used as a preterite tense form of ‘that’. The subject moves to the front of the subordinate clause, directly following i, and the verb changes back to its verbal noun form.

Inflection

Personal forms (literary)

	singular	plural
first person	im, imi	inni, i ni
second person	it, iti	iwch, ichwi
third person	iddo, iddo ef m iddi, iddi hi f	iddynt, iddynt hwy

Personal forms (colloquial)

	singular	plural
first person	i mi/fi	i ni
second person	i ti	i chi
third person	iddo fe/fo m iddi hi f	iddyn nhw

Derived terms

• i mewn
• Category:Welsh phrasal verbs formed with "i"

See also

• bod
• mai
• y

West Makian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/

Verb

i

1. (intransitive) to go

   nii i nopoli ― please go and buy

2. (intransitive) to leave

Conjugation

Conjugation of i (action verb)

		singular	plural
			inclusive	exclusive
1st person		tii	mii	ai
2nd person		nii	fii
3rd person	inanimate	ii	dii
	animate
imperative		nii, i	fii, i

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/

Adverb

i

1. still

   te ne isasafo i ― this tea is still hot

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/

Adverb

i

1. makes a request or command more polite, please

   nii i nopoli ― please go and buy

   nifi sesine i ― please come up here

References

• Clemens Voorhoeve (1982), The Makian languages and their neighbours‎^[23], Pacific linguistics

White Lachi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i³³/, /ʔi³¹/, (Jinchang) /i⁴⁴/, (Tân Lợi) /ʔi²²/

Noun

i

1. water

References

• Weera Ostapirat, Proto-Kra, Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 23(1) (2000) (as ʔi) (see ASJP)

Wolaytta

Personal pronoun

i

1. he
2. her

Letter

i

1. upper case I, 9th letter in Latin alphabet in Wolaytta alphabet read as "e"

Yele

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/

Letter

i (lower case, upper case I)

1. A letter of the Yele alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Derived terms

• The digraph ⟨ii⟩ transcribes the long vowel /iː/
• The digraph ⟨꞉i⟩ transcribes the nasal vowel /ĩ/
• The trigraph ⟨꞉ii⟩ transcribes the long nasal vowel /ĩː/

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, â, b, Ch ch, D d, e, é, ê, Gh gh, i, î, j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ń ń, o, ó, P p, T t, U u, V v, W w, Y y, ꞉

Yimchungru Naga

Etymology

From Proto-Central Naga *aj, whence also Lotha Naga a.

Pronoun

i (dual ike, plural isa)

1. I (first-person singular pronoun)

See also

Yimchungrü personal pronouns

	Singular	Dual	Plural
1st person	i	ike	isa
2nd person	nü	nüke	nüsa
3rd person	anihbuh (male) alibe, anihbe (female) api (neutral)	ane	arü

Further reading

• Raguibou, I.D.; Borah, Dinkur (2020), A Learner's Book of the Yimchunger Language‎^[24], Centre for Endangered Languages, Tezpur University, →ISBN, page 14
• Bruhn, Daniel Wayne (2014), A Phonological Reconstruction of Proto-Central Naga‎^[25], Berkeley: University of California, page 189

Yola

Preposition

i

1. alternative form of ing (“in”)
   • 1927, “ZONG OF TWI MAARKEET MOANS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 129, lines 15:

     Maa bee haghed i more caar an angish than Ich."

     May be upset in more care and hardship than I."

   • 1927, “ZONG O DHREE YOLA MYTHENS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 131, lines 11:

     Or i a vaarin gees a shaar,

     Or of the fairing give us a share,

Yoruba

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /i/
• (letter name): IPA^(key): /í/

Letter

i (lower case, upper case I)

1. The tenth letter of the Yoruba alphabet, called í and written in the Latin script.

Noun

í

1. The name of the Latin script letter I/i.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) lẹ́tà; A a (Á á, À à, Ā ā), B b, D d, E e (É é, È è, Ē ē), Ẹ ẹ (Ẹ́ ẹ́, Ẹ̀ ẹ̀, Ẹ̄ ẹ̄), F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Ī ī), J j, K k, L l, M m (Ḿ ḿ, M̀ m̀, M̄ m̄), N n (Ń ń, Ǹ ǹ, N̄ n̄), O o (Ó ó, Ò ò, Ō ō), Ọ ọ (Ọ́ ọ́, Ọ̀ ọ̀, Ọ̄ ọ̄), P p, R r, S s, Ṣ ṣ, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù, Ū ū), W w, Y y
• (Benin)
• (Latin-script letters) lɛ́tà; A a, B b, D d, E e, Ɛ ɛ, F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i, J j, K k, Kp kp, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ɔ ɔ, P p, R r, S s, Sh sh, T t, U u, W w, Y y

• (Latin-script letter names) lẹ́tà; á, bí, dí, é, ẹ́, fí, gí, gbì, hí, í, jí, kí, lí, mí, ní, ó, ọ́, pí, rí, sí, ṣí, tí, ú, wí, yí

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /í/

Particle

í

1. Used to express the progressive tense in negative constructions.

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• (mid-tone): IPA^(key): /ī/
• (high-tone): IPA^(key): /í/

Pronoun

i

1. him, her, it (third-person singular non-honorific object pronoun following a monosyllabic verb with a high-tone /i/)

Pronoun

í

1. him, her, it (third-person singular non-honorific object pronoun following a monosyllabic verb with a low- or mid-tone /i/)

See also

Yoruba personal pronouns

		subject		object1	emphatic
		affirmative	negative
singular	1st person	mo	n̄ / mi	mi	èmi
	2nd person	o		ọ / ẹ	ìwọ
	3rd person	ó	[pronoun dropped]	[preceding vowel repeated for mono­syllabic verbs] / ẹ̀	òun
plural	1st person	a		wa	àwa
	2nd person	ẹ		yín	ẹ̀yin
	3rd person	wọ́n	wọn	wọn	àwọn

¹ Except for yín, object pronouns have a high tone following a low or mid tone monosyllabic verb, and a mid tone following a high tone. For complex verbs, the tone does not change.

Yuqui

Noun

i

1. water

References

• Perry N. Priest, A contribution to comparative studies in the Guaraní linguistic family, Language Sciences 9(1): 17-20, page 18 (1987)
• L. Villafañe, Gramática Yuki. Lengua Tupí-Guaraní de Bolivia (Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ediciones del Rectorado, 2004), page 302

Zia

Noun

i

1. tree

Zulu

Letter

i (lower case, upper case I)

1. The ninth letter of the Zulu alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

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