e

See also: E, è, é, e-, -e, and Appendix:Variations of "e"

e U+0065, e LATIN SMALL LETTER E ← d [U+0064] Basic Latin f → [U+0066]

Character variations

ᵉ U+1D49, ᵉ MODIFIER LETTER SMALL E ← ᵈ [U+1D48] Phonetic Extensions ᵊ → [U+1D4A]

ｅ U+FF45, ｅ FULLWIDTH LATIN SMALL LETTER E ← ｄ [U+FF44] Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms ｆ → [U+FF46]

Languages (145)

Translingual • English

---

Afar • Afra • Afrikaans • Aiklep • Ainu • Akawaio • Albanian • Alemannic German • Angolar • Aromanian • Azerbaijani • Basque • Blin • Breton • Catalan • Central Mazahua • Chinese • Corsican • Creek • Czech • Dakota • Dalmatian • Dutch • Emilian • Esperanto • Estonian • Fala • Faroese • Finnish • French • Friulian • Fula • Galician • German • Gothic • Guinea-Bissau Creole • Gullah • Gun • Hawaiian • Hungarian • Iau • Icelandic • Ido • Igbo • Ili'uun • Indo-Portuguese • Indonesian • Interlingua • Irish • Isirawa • Istriot • Italian • Italiot Greek • Japanese • Kabuverdianu • Kaingang • Kankanaey • Kapampangan • Kashubian • Khiamniungan Naga • Kosraean • Latin • Latvian • Ligurian • Livonian • Lotha Naga • Lower Nossob • Lule Sami • Lutuv • Luxembourgish • Malay • Maltese • Mandarin • Manx • Māori • Mauritian Creole • Mbya Guarani • Middle English • Middle Low German • Middle Scots • Mokilese • Navajo • Neapolitan • Nigerian Pidgin • North Frisian • Norwegian • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Nupe • Nzadi • Occitan • Old English • Old French • Old Galician-Portuguese • Old Occitan • Old Spanish • Ometepec Nahuatl • Oromo • Papiamentu • Pohnpeian • Polish • Portuguese • Rapa Nui • Rawang • Romagnol • Romani • Romanian • Samoan • Sardinian • Sarikoli • Sassarese • Scottish Gaelic • Serbo-Croatian • Sicilian • Silesian • Skolt Sami • Slovak • Slovene • Spanish • Sranan Tongo • Sumerian • Swedish • Tagalog • Tahitian • Talysh • Teop • Tlingit • Tokelauan • Tongan • Tooro • Turkish • Turkmen • Tuvaluan • Vietnamese • Vilamovian • Volapük • Welsh • West Makian • Yele • Yola • Yoruba • Zazaki • Zulu

---

Page categories

Translingual

Etymology

Modification of capital letter E in uncial script, from Ancient Greek Ε (E, epsilon).

Pronunciation

• Pronunciation of IPA [eː]:

  (file)

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

2. The fifth letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.

See also

• (Latin script):  Aa  Bb  Cc  Dd  Ee  Ff  Gg  Hh  Ii  Jj  Kk  Ll  Mm  Nn  Oo  Pp  Qq  Rr  Sſs  Tt  Uu  Vv  Ww  Xx  Yy  Zz
• (Variations of letter E):  Éé  Èè  Êê  Ḙḙ  Ěě  Ĕĕ  Ẽẽ  Ḛḛ  Ẻẻ  Ėė  Ëë  Ēē  Ȩȩ  Ęę  ᶒ  Ɇɇ  Ȅȅ  Ếế  Ềề  Ễễ  Ểể  Ḝḝ  Ḗḗ  Ḕḕ  Ȇȇ  Ẹẹ  Ệệ  ⱸ  ᴇ  Ｅｅ  Ææ  Ǽǽ  Ǣǣ  &  Œœ  ᵫ
• (select similar letters and symbols) ɘ ǝ Ə Ɛ Æ Œ
• (other scripts) ε (epsilon) е
• See Appendix:Variations of "e"

Symbol

e

2. (mathematics) The base of natural logarithms, also known as Euler's number, a transcendental number with a value of approximately 2.718281828459…
4. (sciences, computing) Symbol separating mantissa from the exponent in scientific notation.

   1.2566e−6 = 1.2566 × 10⁻⁶

6. (IPA) a close-mid front unrounded vowel.
7. (superscript ⟨ᵉ⟩, IPA) [e]-coloring or a weak, fleeting, epenthetic or echo [e].
9. (algebra, group theory) identity element.

   a ∘ e = e ∘ a = a

11. (particle physics) Electron.

    Coordinate terms: p, n

13. (physics) Elementary charge.
15. (mathematics) Eccentricity.
    • 2006 August, Alexander V. Krivov, Artem G. Feofilov, Valeri V. Dikarev, “Search for the putative dust belts of Mars: The late 2007 opportunity”, in Planetary and Space Science, volume 54, numbers 9–10 (in English), →DOI, page 873:

      In addition, we included here another effect—the modulation of the radiation pressure force by the orbital eccentricity of Mars, $e_M=0.093$—an effect, whose existence was first pointed out by Juhász and Horányi (1995) […]

16. (materials science) Engineering strain.

    Coordinate term: ε (true strain)

Usage notes

In the s as a mathematical constant, the symbol is traditionally represented in an italic font.

Synonyms

• (scientific notation): E
• (electron): e⁻
• (identity element): 1, (chiefly matrices) I

Gallery

• Letter styles
• 
  Uppercase and lowercase versions of E, in normal and italic type
• 
  Uppercase and lowercase E in Fraktur
• 
  Approximate form of upper case letter E in uncial script that was the source for lower case e

See also

Other representations of E:

NATO phonetic: Echo Morse code: · Braille: ⠑ ASL Manual: E

Signal flag:

Semaphore:

English

Etymology 1

The letter name is ultimately from Latin ē. Use of the Latin letter in (Old) English displaced, in whole or in part, five futhorc letters in the 7th century: ᛖ (e), ᚫ (æ), ᛠ (ea), ᛇ (eo), and ᛟ (œ).

Pronunciation

• (letter name): IPA^(key): /iː/

  • Audio (UK):

    (file)

  • Audio (US):

    (file)

  • Rhymes: -iː
• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /ɛ/, /iː/, /ɪ/, /ə/, /eɪ/
  • In addition to the phonemes noted above, "e" can also be silent, representing no sound itself but indicating which phoneme another letter in the word represents. See the article "Silent e" on Wikipedia.

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E, plural es or e's)

1. The fifth letter of the English alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

Coordinate terms

• (Latin script letters) letter; Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz

Derived terms

• caudated e
• cedillated e
• closed e
• e cedilla
• efold
• e-folding
• e-form
• hooked e
• looped e
• open e
• silent e
• tailed e

Number

e (lower case, upper case E, plural es or e's)

1. The fifth numeral symbol of the English alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

Noun

e (plural ees)

2. The name of the Latin script letter E/e.

Alternative forms

• ee

Coordinate terms

• (Latin-script letter names) letter; a, bee, cee, dee, e, ef, gee, aitch, i, jay, kay, el, em, en, o, pee, cue, ar, ess, tee, u, vee, double-u, ex, wye, zee/zed ^{(Category: en:Latin letter names)}

Descendants

• ⇒ Alabama: ìika

Translations

name of the letter E, e

• Alabama: ìika
• Arabic: إِي (ar) m (ʔī), إِيه (ar) m (ʔīh)
• Asturian: e (ast)
• Bengali: ই (bn) (i)
• Bulgarian: е (bg) n (e)
• Catalan: e (ca) f
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: please add this translation if you can

• Esperanto: e (eo)
• Finnish: ee (fi)
• French: e (fr) m
• Galician: e (gl) m
• German: e (de) n
• Greek: ι (el) n (i)
• Hawaiian: ʻē
• Hindi: ई (hi) (ī)
• Ido: e (io)
• Irish: é, edad, eabhadh
• Japanese: イー (ja) (ī)
• Korean: 이 (ko) (i)
• Latin: ē (la)
• Malay: i (ms), i (ms)
• Marathi: ई (ī)
• Occitan: e (oc) f
• Persian: ای (fa) (i), ئی (fa) ('i)
• Portuguese: é (pt) m, ê (pt) m
• Russian: и (ru) n (i) (English), е (ru) n (je), э (ru) n (e)
• Spanish: e (es) f
• Thai: อี (th) (ii)
• Turkish: e (tr)
• Vietnamese: e (vi)
• Welsh: e f

Etymology 2

From a deliberate apheresis of both he and she.

Pronoun

e (third-person singular, nominative case, accusative em, possessive adjective eir, possessive noun eirs, reflexive emself)

1. (rare, epicene, nonstandard) A gender-neutral third-person singular subject pronoun, equivalent to the singular they and coordinate with gendered pronouns he and she.
   • 2000, Jane Love, “Ethics, Plugged and Unplugged: The Pegagogy of Disorderly Conduct”, in James A. Inman, Donna N. Sewell, editors, Taking flight with OWLs: Examining Electronic Writing Center Work, Taylor & Francis, →ISBN, →OL, LCC PE1414.T24 1999, page 193:

     E invites em to consider how ey represent emselves^[sic], and in so doing, e focuses eir attention on the ethics that make human relations possible.

   • 2023, Aimee Ogden, “A Half-Remembered World”, The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction, vol. 145, no. 1-2, whole no. 768 (July/August 2023), pages 146-202

     Empre waded out to help them cross the last stretch. More people, a few hundred, perhaps, had gathered along the shore. One of them came running at Melu with a cry—she threw up her arms in defense. But it was Aeran, only Aeran. E seized Asu and clasped her close, eir eyes closed tightly as e sobbed eir relief.

Synonyms

• ey
• see Appendix:English third-person singular pronouns

Etymology 3

From the common method of counting semiquavers as "one-e-and-a, two-e-and-a" and so on.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈiː/

Noun

e

1. (music, informal) The second semiquaver (sixteenth note) of a beat.

   Coordinate terms: and, a

   The sax comes in on the e of one.

Alternative forms

• ee

Afar

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the Afar alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, T t, S s, E e, C c, K k, X x, I i, D d, Q q, R r, F f, G g, O o, L l, M m, N n, U u, W w, H h, Y y

Afra

Pronoun

e

1. he or she

   e wang o ai se roti-me

   (s)he gave money to my father

   e kompong se rifli-mo

   (s)he went to the village

References

• Bill Palmer, The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area (2017), page 461

Afrikaans

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

e (plural e's, diminutive e'tjie)

1. The name of the Latin script letter E/e.

Aiklep

Noun

e

1. pig

References

• Sara Van Cott et al., A Sociolinguistic Survey of Bebeli (2013), SIL Journal of Language Survey Reports

Ainu

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e̞/

Prefix

e (Kana spelling エ)

1. (applicative, ablative) about (something), at (something)

   Synonym: ko

   mina (to laugh) → emina (to laugh at something)

2. (applicative, dative, allative) towards (something), to (something), for (something)

   Synonyms: ko, o

   kimun (to go to the mountains) → ekimun (to be or go towards the mountains)

3. (applicative, instrumental) by (something), with (something)

   nepki (to work) → enepki (to work (by using something))

Suffix

e (Kana spelling エ)

1. (affiliative) used to form the affiliative form of words.

   Synonyms: a, i, o, u, ha, he, hi, ho, hu

   atay (price) → ataye (the price of something)

Usage notes

• -e as an affiliative suffix often appears in words ended with -y or -w. It is also common in words which the last syllabe is CVC (consonant-vowel-consonant) and has -e- as its nucleus.

kes (the end) → kese (the end of something)

puy (a hole) → puye (something’s hole)

ciw (flow) → ciwe (the flow of something)

Particle

e (Kana spelling エ)

1. (arithmetic) when used with numerals, denotes subtraction.

   Antonyms: ikasma, etu

   Wan e tuhotne oka.

   There are thirty.

Pronominal Prefix

e (Kana spelling エ)

1. (nominative second-person pronominal prefix) “you”

   Synonyms: eci, eani

   Seta e-nukar.

   You see the dog.

2. (nominative second-person pronominal prefix) “you”

   Synonyms: eci, eani

   Nitay tum e-arpa yak, e-raykere kusu ne.

   If you go to the forest, you’ll die.

Usage notes

• There are no real phonological differences between the nominative and accusative uses of the pronominal prefix.
• When the first-person is acting over the second-person (first-person subject, second-person object), using e may be considered rude; Using eci or i is preferred.

Noun

e (Kana spelling エ)

1. (inalienable, uncountable) the top part of (something); the head of (something).

Usage notes

• This use of the word isn’t really clear, however, it is attested in official dictionaries.

Verb

e (Kana spelling エ, causative ere)

1. (transitive) to eat

   Synonym: ipe

   Kam k-e.

   I eat meat.

2. (transitive, for insects) to bite, to feed on

   Synonym: ipe

   Etutanne en-e!

   A mosquito bit me!

Conjugation

Conjugation of e (transitive, 2-slot)

case			objective
	person		1st		2nd		3rd		4th
		number	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural
subjective	1st	singular			eci=e	eci=e	k(u)=e	k(u)=e	ku=i=e	ku=i=e
		plural			eci=e	eci=e	c(i)=e	c(i)=e	a=i=e	a=i=e
	2nd	singular	en=e	un=e			e=e	e=e	e=i=e	e=i=e
		plural	eci=en=e	eci=un=e			eci=e	eci=e	eci=i=e	eci=i=e
	3rd	singular	en=e	un=e	e=e	eci=e	e	e	i=e	i=e
		plural	en=e	un=e	e=e	eci=e	e	e	i=e	i=e
	4th	singular	a=en=e	a=un=e	a=e=e	a=eci=e	a=e	a=e	a=i=e	a=i=e
		plural	a=en=e	a=un=e	a=e=e	a=eci=e	a=e	a=e	a=i=e	a=i=e

^†1st-person plurals are exclusive. Inclusive 1st-person plurals are denoted by 4th-person.
^†4th-person: indefinite person, 1st-person inclusive plural, logophorical person, 2nd-person honorific, etc.
See Ainu grammar.

Interjection

e (Kana spelling エ)

1. “yes”, “of course”, “I understand”; expresses attention, surprise and / or agreement.

   E, k-eramuan.

   Yes, I understand.

See also

• eci (“you”)
• ku (“to drink”)

Akawaio

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛ/, /e/

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The second letter of the Akawaio alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, E e, I i, Ɨ ɨ, K k, M m, N n, O o, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, Ʉ ʉ, W w, Y y, ꞌ

References

• Stegeman, Ray; Hunter, Rita (2014), Akawaio-English Dictionary and English-Akawaio Index, SIL International, page 2

Albanian

Alternative forms

• edhe, dhe (conjunction)

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

• Conjunction e (“and, also”): according to Orel from Proto-Albanian *ō(d), from Proto-Indo-European *ēd ~ *ōd (ablative sg. stem of Proto-Indo-European *ē- ~ *ō-).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɛ]

Conjunction

e

1. and
2. also

Related terms

• edhe, dhe, ende, andej, anë, ani, tani

Pronoun

e m or f or n

1. third-person singular accusative-case pronominal clitic (him, her, it) corresponding to pronouns ai and ajo

   E di. / S'e di.

   I know it. / I don't know it.

   E bleva.

   I bought it.

See also

Albanian personal pronouns

number	person		nominative	accusative	dative	ablative	accusative	dative
				stressed			clitic
singular
	1st		unë	mua		meje	më
	2nd		ti	ty		teje	të
	3rd	m	ai	atë	atij		e	i
		f	ajo		asaj
plural
	1st		ne		neve	nesh	na
	2nd		ju		juve	jush	ju
	3rd	m	ata		atyre		i	u
		f	ato

Preposition

e f or pl

1. masculine singular preposition, plural preposition
2. of (+ dative)

   Besa e shqiptarit nuk shitet pazarit.

   The honor of an Albanian can not be sold or bought in a bazaar.

Article

e

1. adjectival article for:
   1. definite masculine singular adjectives in all accusative case
   2. indefinite feminine singular adjectives in the nominative case
   3. definite plural and feminine singular adjectives in the nominative and accusative cases

Related terms

• -a, -e, -i, -ia, -ja, -o, -u, -të
• e, i, të, së

See also

Forms of the adjectival articles

	masculine		feminine		neuter		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	i	i	e	e	të	të	të	e
accusative	të	e	të	e	të	të	të	e
dative and ablative	të	të	të	së	të	të	të	të

Note that regardless of the definite state of the noun being described, the definite articles are only used when immediately following a definite-form noun. If two adjectives (or other words that use these articles) come back to back, the second word's article will be indefinite.

• yjet e mëdhenj të largët ― the large, distant stars

Notice that while both adjectives require the adjectival article and the same masculine plural agreement, only the first adjectival article takes its definite form, as the second is not in the immediate environment of the modified definite noun.

Alemannic German

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ə/

Article

e f

1. (indefinite) a/an

Declension

This entry needs an inflection-table template.

Angolar

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronoun

e

1. he

Aromanian

Etymology

From Latin et.

Conjunction

e

1. and
2. but
3. or

Synonyms

• (and): shi

Azerbaijani

Pronunciation

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /e/

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The sixth letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin script letters) hərf; Aa, Bb, Cc, Çç, Dd, Ee, Əə, Ff, Gg, Ğğ, Hh, Xx, Iı, İi, Jj, Kk, Qq, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Öö, Pp, Rr, Ss, Şş, Tt, Uu, Üü, Vv, Yy, Zz

Basque

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e/, [e̞]

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the Basque alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, (Ç ç), D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L, l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, (Ü ü), V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

Noun

e (indeclinable)

1. The name of the Latin script letter E/e.

See also

• (Latin-script letter names) a, be, ze, de, e, efe, ge, hatxe, i, jota, ka, ele, eme, ene, eñe, o, pe, ku, erre, ese, te, u, uve, uve bikoitz, ixa, i greko, zeta

Blin

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ə/

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. A letter of the Blin alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Breton

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronoun

e

1. his

Etymology 2

From Proto-Brythonic *ɨn, from Proto-Celtic *eni.

Preposition

e

1. in

Usage notes

It contracts with the articles, see el, en and er.

Inflection

Personal forms of e

		singular	plural
1st person		ennon	ennomp
2nd person		ennout	ennoc'h
3rd person	m	ennañ	enno
	f	enni
impersonal		ennor

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Northern) [ˈe̞]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic, Central, Valencia, Northwestern) [ˈe]

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the Catalan alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) lletres; A a (À à), B b, C c (Ç ç), D d, E e (É é, È è), F f, G g, H h, I i (Í í, Ï ï), J j, K k, L l (L·L l·l), M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ò ò), P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ü ü), V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

Central Mazahua

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e/

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. A letter of the Central Mazahua alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, Ⱥ ⱥ, A̱ a̱, B b, C c, Cꞌ cꞌ, Cj cj, Cu cu, Cꞌu cꞌu, Cju cju, Ch ch, Chꞌ chꞌ, Chj chj, D d, Dy dy, E e, Ɇ ɇ, E̱ e̱, G g, Gu gu, Hu hu, ꞌHu ꞌhu, I i, I̱ i̱, J j, Jꞌ jꞌ, Jm jm, Jn jn, Jñ jñ, Ju ju, Jy jy, L l, M m, Mꞌ mꞌ, N n, Nꞌ nꞌ, Ñ ñ, Ñꞌ ñꞌ, O o, Ø ø, O̱ o̱, P p, Pj pj, R r, S s, T t, Tꞌ tꞌ, Tj tj, Ts ts, Tsꞌ tsꞌ, Tsj tsj, U u, Ꞹ ꞹ, U̱ u̱, X x, Z z, Zh zh, ꞌ

Chinese

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yī, yì (yi¹, yi⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧ, ㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ji¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yī
    • Zhuyin: ㄧ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yi
    • Wade–Giles: i¹
    • Yale: yī
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: i
    • Palladius: и (i)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yì
    • Zhuyin: ㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yì
    • Wade–Giles: i⁴
    • Yale: yì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yih
    • Palladius: и (i)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ji¹
    • Yale: yī
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ji¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: yi¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiː⁵⁵/

Prefix

e

1. e- (electronic)

Etymology 2

From clipping of English email.

Pronunciation

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ji¹ / i¹

---

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ji¹ / i¹
    • Yale: yī / ī
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ji¹ / i¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: yi¹ / i¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiː⁵⁵/, /iː⁵⁵/

Verb

e

1. (Hong Kong Cantonese) to email

Corsican

Etymology

From the earlier le.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛ/
• Homophones: è, hè

Article

e f pl (masculine singular u, feminine singular a, masculine plural i)

1. the (feminine plural)

Usage notes

• Before a vowel, e turns into l'.

Pronoun

e f pl

1. them (feminine direct object)

Usage notes

• Before a vowel, e turns into l'.

See also

Corsican personal pronouns

number	person		nominative	dative	accusative	disjunctive
singular	1st		eiu	mi		mè
	2nd		tù	ti		tè
	3rd	m	ellu	li	u, l'	ellu
		f	ella		a, l'	ella
plural	1st		noi	ci		noi
	2nd		voi	vi		voi
	3rd	m	elli	li	i, l'	elli
		f	elle		e, l'	elle

References

• https://infcor.adecec.net/

Creek

Pronunciation

• (Oklahoma) IPA^(key): [i]

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. A letter of the Creek alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Czech

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The eighth letter of the Czech alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) písmeno; A a, Á á, B b, C c, Č č, D d, Ď ď, E e, É é, Ě ě, F f, G g, H h, Ch ch, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ň ň, O o, Ó ó, P p, Q q, R r, Ř ř, S s, Š š, T t, Ť ť, U u, Ú ú, Ů ů, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Ý ý, Z z, Ž ž

Dakota

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e/

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. A letter of the Dakota alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a (Á á), B b, Č č, Čh čh, Čʼ čʼ, D d, E e (É é), G g, Ǧ ǧ, H h, Ȟ ȟ, I i (Í í), K k, Kh kh, Kȟ kȟ, Kʼ kʼ, M m, N n, ŋ, O o (Ó ó), P p, Ph ph, Pȟ pȟ, Pʼ pʼ, S s, Š š, T t, Th th, Tȟ tȟ, Tʼ tʼ, U u (Ú ú), W w, Y y, Z z, Ž ž, ʼ

Dalmatian

Etymology

From Latin et.

Conjunction

e

1. and

Dutch

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -eː
• (letter name): IPA^(key): /eː/

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the Dutch alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Derived terms

• e-snaar

See also

• Previous letter: d
• Next letter: f

Emilian

Etymology

From Latin et, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *éti.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e/

Conjunction

e

1. and

Esperanto

Pronunciation

(phoneme)

• IPA^(key): /e/

• Audio 1:

  (file)

• Audio 2:

  (file)

(letter)

• IPA^(key): /ˈe/

• Audio 1:

  (file)

• Audio 2:

  (file)

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The sixth letter of the Esperanto alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin script letters) litero; Aa, Bb, Cc, Ĉĉ, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Ĝĝ, Hh, Ĥĥ, Ii, Jj, Ĵĵ, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Rr, Ss, Ŝŝ, Tt, Uu, Ŭŭ, Vv, Zz

Noun

e (accusative singular e-on, plural e-oj, accusative plural e-ojn)

1. The name of the Latin script letter E/e.

See also

• (Latin script letter names) litero; a, bo, co, ĉo, do, e, fo, go, ĝo, ho, ĥo, i, jo, ĵo, ko, lo, mo, no, o, po, ro, so, ŝo, to, u, ŭo, vo, zo ^{(Category: eo:Latin letter names)}

Further reading

• “e”, in Plena Ilustrita Vortaro de Esperanto [Complete Illustrated Dictionary of Esperanto], 2020, →ISBN
• “e”, in Reta Vortaro [Online Dictionary] (in Esperanto), 1997-2026

Estonian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈeː/, [ˈeː]

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the Estonian alphabet, called ee and written in the Latin script.

Conjunction

e

1. abbreviation of ehk; or, a.k.a.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) täht; A a, B b (C c), D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p (Q q), R r, S s, Š š, Z z, Ž ž, T t, U u, V v (W w), Õ õ, Ä ä, Ö ö, Ü ü (X x, Y y)

Fala

Conjunction

e

1. alternative form of i

Faroese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /eː/
• Rhymes: -eː

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The sixth letter of the Faroese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin script letters) bókstavur; Aa, Áá, Bb, Dd, Ðð, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Íí, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Óó, Pp, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Úú, Vv, Yy, Ýý, Ææ, Øø

Finnish

Etymology 1

The Finnish orthography using the Latin script was based on those of Swedish, German, and Latin, and was first used in the mid-16th century. No earlier script is known. See the Wikipedia article on Finnish for more information, and e for information on the development of the glyph itself.

Pronunciation

• (sound): IPA^(key): /e/

• IPA^(key): /ˈeː/, [ˈe̞ː] (name of letter)

• Audio: ee, Eurooppa, eskimo, teippi, ee:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -eː

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the Finnish alphabet, called ee and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) kirjain; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s (Š š), T t, U u, V v (W w), X x, Y y, Z z (Ž ž), Å å, Ä ä, Ö ö

Etymology 2

German musical notation.

Noun

e

1. (music) E (note)

Usage notes

Capitalized for the great octave or any octave below that, or in names of major keys; not capitalized for the small octave or any octave above that, or in names of minor keys.

Declension

Inflection of e (Kotus type 18/maa) singular plural nominative e e:t genitive e:n e:iden e:itten partitive e:tä e:itä accusative e e:n e:t inessive e:ssä e:issä elative e:stä e:istä illative e:hen e:ihin adessive e:llä e:illä ablative e:ltä e:iltä allative e:lle e:ille essive e:nä e:inä translative e:ksi e:iksi abessive e:ttä e:ittä instructive – e:in comitative – e:ineen

Derived terms

compounds

• E-duuri
• e-molli

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ə/, (also) /ø/, /œ/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio (France (Vosges)):

  (file)

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the French alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Derived terms

• e caduc
• e caudé
• e dans l'a
• e dans l'o
• e muet

Friulian

Etymology

From Latin et.

Conjunction

e

1. and

Fula

Etymology 1

See Translingual section.

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. A letter of the Fula alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Usage notes

• Common to all varieties of Fula (Fulfulde / Pulaar / Pular).

See also

• (Latin-script letters) karfeeje; ', A a, B b, Mb mb, Ɓ ɓ, C c, D d, Nd nd, Ɗ ɗ, E e, F f, G g, Nd nd, Ɠ ɠ, H h, I i, J j, Nj nj, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ŋ ŋ, Ñ ñ, Ɲ ɲ, O o, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, W w, Y y, Ƴ ƴ

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Conjunction

e

1. and
2. with

Usage notes

• Common to all varieties of Fula (Fulfulde / Pulaar / Pular).
• In writing, some add an "h" before and even also after the "e": he,heh. Not sure these would count as variants.

Galician

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese e (“and”), from Latin et (“and”), from Proto-Italic *et (“and”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éti (“yet, still, also”).

Alternative forms

• y (Galician-Asturian)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈe/ [ˈɪ]
• Rhymes: -e

Conjunction

e

1. and

   Túa irmá e eu fomos cear e despois ao cine.

   Your sister and I went to have dinner and then to the cinema.

Etymology 2

See Translingual section.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛ/ [ˈɛ]
• Rhymes: -ɛ

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the Galician alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Noun

e m (plural es)

1. The name of the Latin script letter E/e.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) letra; A a (Á á), B b, C c, D d, E e (É é), F f, G g, H h, I i (Í í, Ï ï), L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, O o (Ó ó), P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ü ü), V v, X x, Z z
• (Latin-script letter names) letra; a, be, ce, de, e, efe, gue, hache, i, ele, eme, ene, eñe, o, pe, que, erre, ese, te, u, uve, xe, ceta / zeta

Further reading

• “e”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2026
• Seoane, Ernesto Xosé González; Granja, María Álvarez de la; Agrelo, Ana Isabel Boullón (2006–2022), “e”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval [Dictionary of dictionaries of Medieval Galician] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Santamarina, editor (2006–2013), “e”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Barreiro, Xavier Varela; Guinovart, Xavier Gómez (2006–2018), “e”, in Corpus Xelmírez: corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval [Corpus Xelmírez: linguistic corpus of Medieval Galicia] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega

German

Pronunciation

• Audio (Germany (Berlin)):

  (file)

Letter

e n (lower case, upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the German alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) Buchstabe; A a (Ä ä), B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o (Ö ö), P p, Q q, R r, S s (ẞ ß), T t, U u (Ü ü), V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

Noun

e n (strong, genitive e, plural e or es)

1. alternative letter-case form of E

Declension

Declension of e [neuter, strong]

	singular			plural
	indef.	def.	noun	def.	noun
nominative	ein	das	e	die	e, es
genitive	eines	des	e	der	e, es
dative	einem	dem	e	den	en, es
accusative	ein	das	e	die	e, es

Further reading

• “e”, in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache‎^[2] (in German)

Gothic

Romanization

e

1. romanization of 𐌴

Guinea-Bissau Creole

Etymology

From Portuguese e. Cognate with Kabuverdianu e.

Conjunction

e

1. and

Gullah

Etymology 1

• Compare Yoruba i.

Alternative forms

• i

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /iː/

Determiner

e

1. (third-person singular possessive adjective) his, her, its

Pronoun

e (object-oblique case: um, possessive adjective: e, possessive pronoun: e-own, reflexive pronoun: e-sef)

1. (third-person singular subject pronoun) he, she, it

Inflection

Gullah Geechee personal pronouns

Number	singular		plural
puss'n	subject	object-oblique	subject	object-oblique
fus	Uh, A1	me	we
sekint	yuh, ya1		oonuh, oona1
tud	e, i1	um	dey	dem

¹ alternate spelling

Usage notes

• Gullah does not distinguish its third-person pronouns between any genders, so he, she, and it are all communicated through e.

Etymology 2

From Ewe and Igbo e ("yes").

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛ̃˦˨/

Interjection

e

1. yes

Usage notes

• This interjection is often tonalized as a falling tone.

References

• Virginia Mixson Geraty, Gulluh fuh oonuh: Gullah for You (1997)
• Lorenzo Dow Turner, Africanisms in the Gullah Dialect (1969)

Gun

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /é/

Pronoun

é

1. she, he, it (third-person singular personal pronoun)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e/

Pronoun

e

1. her, him, it (third-person singular personal object pronoun)

See also

Gungbe personal pronouns

Number	Person	Emphatic Pronoun	Subject Pronoun	Object Pronoun	Possessive Determiner
Singular	First	nyɛ́, yẹ́n	ùn, n	mi	cé, ṣié
	Second	jɛ̀, jẹ̀, yẹ̀, hiẹ̀	à	wè	tòwè
	Third	éɔ̀, úɔ̀, éwọ̀	é	è	étɔ̀n, étọ̀n
Plural	First	mílɛ́, mílẹ́	mí		mítɔ̀n, mítọ̀n
	Second	mìlɛ́, mìlẹ́	mì		mìtɔ̀n, mìtọ̀n
	Third	yélɛ́, yélẹ́	yé		yétɔ̀n, yétọ̀n

Hawaiian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e/

Particle

e

1. used to mark the following verb as an infinitive; to
2. used before a name, a noun or a phrase to address someone or something

Preposition

e

1. by (indicating the agent of a verb in the passive voice)

Hungarian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Uralic *e-. Cognates include Finnish että and Estonian et.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɛ]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛ

Determiner

e (demonstrative)

1. (chiefly archaic, except before consonant-initial words, as a counterpart of ez) this

   Synonyms: eme, (only determiners; both are archaic or formal) ezen

   az e heti hírek ― this week’s news

   e világi ― of this world, worldly, mundane

   E házban lakott Petőfi Sándor. ― Sándor Petőfi lived in this house.

   E mellett a ház mellett vártam rá. ― I waited for him/her next to this house.

Pronoun

e

2. (archaic, except before most consonant-initial postpositions) this

   Itt a mozi, e mellett lakunk mi. ― Here is the cinema; we live next to this.

   • 1836, Mihály Vörösmarty, Szózat^[3] (Appeal)^[4]

     A nagy világon e kivűl / Nincsen számodra hely;

     In the great world outside of here / There is no place for you

     (“E kívül” would be ezen kívül in present-day Hungarian, formed from ez.)

Usage notes

A rarer substitute of ez, but unlike ez, it does not take the case of the noun it is attached to, and no definite article is used:

ezen a helyen ― e helyen ― at this place (literally, “on this place”)

ebben a házban ― e házban ― in this house

Most consonant-initial postpositions can take e, e.g. e nélkül, e helyett, see Pronominal adverbs from postpositions, in the column “that one, this one”. On the other hand, vowel-initial postpositions take ez (e.g. ez alatt, ez iránt).

Interjection

e

1. (folksy) look!, hey! (expressing surprise or wanting to get attention)

   E! Hát Józsi meg hová tűnt? ― Hey! Where is Joe?

   Itt van, e! (informal) ― Here it is.

Etymology 2

See Translingual section.

Pronunciation

• (letter or phoneme itself; identifier): IPA^(key): [ˈɛː] or IPA^(key): [ˈæː] in Western dialects
• (musical note): IPA^(key): [ˈeː] (in the names of minor scales; see also E)

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

2. The ninth letter of the Hungarian alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

Usage notes

Many Hungarian dialects preserve a distinction between two vowels that are both written with e and are pronounced /ɛ/ in the standard language. In text that wishes to highlight the distinction, e ("open e") is contrasted with ë ("closed e").

Declension

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony)

	singular	plural
nominative	e	e-k
accusative	e-t	e-ket
dative	e-nek	e-knek
instrumental	e-vel	e-kkel
causal-final	e-ért	e-kért
translative	e-vé	e-kké
terminative	e-ig	e-kig
essive-formal	e-ként	e-kként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	e-ben	e-kben
superessive	e-n	e-ken
adessive	e-nél	e-knél
illative	e-be	e-kbe
sublative	e-re	e-kre
allative	e-hez	e-khez
elative	e-ből	e-kből
delative	e-ről	e-kről
ablative	e-től	e-ktől
non-attributive possessive – singular	e-é	e-ké
non-attributive possessive – plural	e-éi	e-kéi

Possessive forms of e

possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	e-m	e-im
2nd person sing.	e-d	e-id
3rd person sing.	e-je	e-i
1st person plural	e-nk	e-ink
2nd person plural	e-tek	e-itek
3rd person plural	e-jük	e-ik

Derived terms

• e-moll

See also

• (Latin-script letters) betű; A a, Á á, B b, C c, Cs cs, D d, Dz dz, Dzs dzs, E e, É é, F f, G g, Gy gy, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ly ly, M m, N n, Ny ny, O o, Ó ó, Ö ö, Ő ő, P p, Q q, R r, S s, Sz sz, T t, Ty ty, U u, Ú ú, Ü ü, Ű ű, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z, Zs zs
• -e (suffix)

Further reading

• (sound, letter, abbreviation): e , (musical note, its symbol or key/position): e , (pronoun, alternative form of ez): e , (folksy interjection pointing at something nearby): e , (interjection, rare alternative form of eh): e in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.
• e in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2026).

Iau

Noun

e

1. water

Further reading

• Bill Palmer, The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area (→ISBN, 2017), page 531, table 95, Comparative basic vocabulary in Lakes Plain Languages

Icelandic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɛː] (letter name)

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The sixth letter of the Icelandic alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) bókstafur; A a, Á á, B b, D d, Ð ð, E e, É é, F f, G g, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ó ó, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, Ú ú, V v, X x, Y y, Ý ý, Þ þ, Æ æ, Ö ö

Ido

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e/

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the Ido alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) litero; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L, l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

Conjunction

e

1. apocopic form of ed

Related terms

• a (“to”)
• o (“or”)

Igbo

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e/

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the Igbo alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Alternative forms

• a (retracted tongue position)

Pronoun

e

1. (indefinite) somebody, one, they, people (an unspecified individual)

Usage notes

• Often gets translated into English with the passive voice.

See also

Igbo personal pronouns

		dependent	independent	object/possessive
Singular	first	m, a/e- ... -m	m, mụ
	second	ị, i	ngị, gị	gị
	third	ọ, o	ya
Plural	first	anyị
	second	ụnụ
	third	ha, a/e- ... -ha	ha
Indefinite		a/e	-	-

Ili'uun

Noun

e

1. water

References

• Bryan D. Hinton, The languages of Wetar: recent survey results and word lists with notes on Tugun grammar (2000)

Indo-Portuguese

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *éti

Proto-Italic *et

Latin et

Old Galician-Portuguese e

Portuguese eder.

Indo-Portuguese e

Derived from Portuguese e (“and”).

Conjunction

e

1. and (expresses two elements to be taken together or in addition to each other)
   • 1883, Hugo Schuchardt, Kreolische Studien, volume 3:

     Trasê tamêm um vaquinh bem gord e matá par nós comê e par nós regalá

     Bring also a small and very fat cow and kill (it) for us to eat and for us to feast on

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• (letter name): IPA^(key): /e/
• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /e/, /ɛ/
• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /ə/

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin script letters) Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz

Interlingua

Alternative forms

• (rare) et

Conjunction

e

1. and

Irish

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the Irish alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) litir; A a (Á á), B b (Bh bh, bhF bhf, bP bp), C c (Ch ch), D d (Dh dh, dT dt), E e (É é), F f (Fh fh), G g (gC gc, Gh gh), H h, I i (Í í), L l, M m (mB mb, Mh mh), N n (nD nd, nG ng), O o (Ó ó), P p (Ph ph), R r, S s (Sh sh), T t (Th th, tS ts), U u (Ú ú), V v
• (diacritics) ◌́ ◌̇
• (dotted letters used chiefly in Gaelic type) Ḃ ḃ, Ċ ċ, Ḋ ḋ, Ḟ ḟ, Ġ ġ, Ṁ ṁ, Ṗ ṗ, Ṡ ẛ ṡ, Ṫ ṫ

Isirawa

Pronoun

e

1. I

   e vise

   I became big (grew, from baby to schoolchild)

References

• Bill Palmer, The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area (2017), pages 483-484
• Hiroko Oguri, Main verb forms in Isirawa narratives, Papers in New Guinea Linguistics no. 22, Pacific Linguistics, A-63 (1985)

Istriot

Etymology

From Latin et.

Conjunction

e

1. and
   • 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 128:

     Caro, cun quil visito bianco e russo.

     Dear, with that little white and red face.

Italian

Etymology 1

From Latin ē (the name of the letter E).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈe/^*
• Rhymes: -e
• Hyphenation: é

Letter

e f or m (lower case, upper case E, invariable)

1. The fifth letter of the Italian alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

Noun

e f (invariable)

1. The name of the Latin script letter E/e.

See also

• (Latin-script letter names) lettera; a, bi, ci, di, e, effe, gi, acca, i, i lunga, kappa, elle, emme, enne, o, pi, cu, erre, esse, ti, u, vu, doppia vu, ics, ipsilon, zeta

Etymology 2

From Latin et.

Alternative forms

• et (archaic, poetic, before a word starting with a vowel)
• ed (before a word starting with a vowel, especially /e, ɛ/.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e/^*
• Rhymes: -e
• Hyphenation: e

Conjunction

e

2. and
3. (archaic, literary) (e... e) both... and or just ... and (Can we clean up⁽⁺⁾ this sense?)

   Synonyms: sia... che, sia... sia

   • 1300s–1310s, Dante Alighieri, “Canto I”, in Inferno [Hell], lines 4–6; republished as Giorgio Petrocchi, editor, La Commedia secondo l'antica vulgata [The Commedia according to the ancient vulgate], 2^nd revised edition, Florence: publ. Le Lettere, 1994:

     Ahi quanto a dir qual era è cosa dura ¶ esta selva selvaggia e aspra e forte ¶ che nel pensier rinova la paura!

     Ah me! how hard a thing it is to say ¶ ⁠What was this forest savage, rough, and stern, ⁠¶ ⁠Which in the very thought renews the fear.

Usage notes

• Causes syntactic doubling of a following initial consonant.

Etymology 3

Verb

e

1. misspelling of è (third-person singular present indicative of essere)

Further reading

“e” in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

Italiot Greek

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Article

e

1. feminine nominative singular of o

Etymology 2

Inherited from Ancient Greek αἱ (hai).

Article

e

1. feminine nominative plural of o

Japanese

Romanization

e

1. The hiragana syllable え (e) or the katakana syllable エ (e) in Hepburn romanization.
2. The hiragana syllable へ (e) or the katakana syllable ヘ (e) in Hepburn romanization. (as particle)

Kabuverdianu

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *éti

Proto-Italic *et

Latin et

Old Galician-Portuguese e

Portuguese eder.

Kabuverdianu e

Derived from Portuguese e.

Conjunction

e

1. and

Kaingang

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e/

Verb

e

1. there are many, there is much
2. to be a lot (for someone); to displease; to surprise

   Ag mỹ tóg e tĩ.

   They were surprised.

   (literally, “it was a lot for them.”)

References

• Ursula Gojtéj Wiesemann (2011), “e”, in Dicionário Kaingang-Português Português-Kaingang, 2nd edition (overall work in Portuguese), Curitiba: Editora Esperança, page 13

Kankanaey

Etymology

Borrowed from Tagalog e. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English e.

Pronunciation

• (letter name) IPA^(key): /ˈʔi/ [ˈʔi̞]
  • Rhymes: -i
  • Syllabification: e
• (phoneme)
  • IPA^(key): /ˈə/ [ˈɨ]
    • Rhymes: -ə
  • IPA^(key): (uncommon) /ˈe/ [ˈe]
    • Rhymes: -e

Letter

e or ë (lower case, upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called i and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) letra; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, Ng ng, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

References

• Komisyon ng Wikang Filipino (2016), Ortograpiya di Kankanaëy [Kankanaey Orthography]‎^[5] (in Kankanaey and Tagalog), →ISBN, pages 10-11

Kapampangan

Etymology 1

From ali or Proto-Philippine *diq (“particle of negation”).

Prefix

e

1. un-, non-, in-

   Iyang emakapunta

   S/he's unable to go

   Taung eyakakit

   Invisible man

   Lugud a ekalinguwan

   Unforgettable love

   Ekakabieng bage

   Nonliving things

   Emakasulung

   Unable to proceed

Etymology 2

Compare Tagalog e.

Interjection

e (informal)

1. Used to acknowledge a statement or situation: well; so

   Alineman e!

   Oh Well, it's not!

   E meko ne e.

   Well, s/he already leave!

   Kasalanan mu e.

   Well, it's your fault.

2. Used to rhetorically express surprise or suspicion: so; oh; well

   E ninu naman ta?

   Oh so then, who was that?

   E ikamurin naman ta e.

   Well anyways, that was also only just you.

3. Used to express indignance: well; but

   E alimuneman ta kailangang gawan e.

   But, you didn't need to do that.

4. Used to introduce the continuation of narration from a previous understood point: and; well; so

   E magkanu neman ini?

   And, how much is this one?

See also

• aa
• aru
• ii
• na
• ne
• o
• sa

Kashubian

Etymology

The Kashubian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Kashubian alphabet article on Wikipedia for more, and e for development of the glyph itself.

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The seventh letter of the Kashubian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, Ą ą, àã, B b, C c, D d, E e, É é, Ë ë, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n, O o, Ò ò, Ó ó, Ô ô, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, Ù ù, W w, Y y, Z z, Ż ż

Khiamniungan Naga

Etymology

The Khiamniungan Naga language is presently written using the Latin alphabet. No indigenous or alternative script has been documented from earlier periods in the language's history. For a detailed description of the writing system's conventions including vowel and Consonant representation, tone marking (such as the use of h for glottal, the letter ü is pronounced ə), and orthographic rules, see the Wikipedia article on the Khiamniungan alphabet.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e/

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. (Patsho) The third letter of the Khiamniungan Naga alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, Ch ch, E e, H h, I i, J j, K k, Kh kh, L l, M m, N n, Ng ng, Ny ny, O o, P p, Ph ph, S s, Sh sh, T t, Th th, Ts ts, Tsh tsh, U u, Ü ü, V v, W w, Y y

Pronunciation guide

Uppercase	IPA	Canonical Pronunciation	Phonetic examples in English	Phonetic examples in Khiamniungan Naga
A	a	aa	father	āmpāu(pastor)
Ch	tʃʰ	tʃʰə	chair, watch	chām(book)
E	ɛ	a	bed, elephant	ēm(colony of Jhumland)
H	h	hə	husband	hǖhêi(hello)
I	i	ee	beet	îe(winnowing tray)
J	tʃ	tʃə	picture, culture, nature	jām(house)
K	k	kə	sky, skip	kēu(uncle)
Kh	kʰ	kʰə	canoe, Cost, cat	khèu(head)
L	l	lə	alone	lāi(spear)
M	m	mə	money	màu(ant)
N	n	nə	nine, never	nòk
Ng	ŋ	ŋə	sing, throng	ngēm(news)
Ny	ɲ	ɲə	canyon, bunyan	nyù(mother)
O	ɔ	ɔ	orange	ônyù(sky)
P	P	pə	spill, span	pòu(father)
Ph	pʰ	pʰə	pound	phōh(hand)
S	ʃ	ʃə	sound	sā(liver)
Sh	ʃʰ	ʃʰə	shine	shām(mat)
T	t	tə	stop, stand	tòuh(wild pig)
Th	tʰ	tʰə	Thomas	thoi(pumking)
Ts	ts	tsə	cats, hats, pizza	tsēm(salt)
Tsh	Tsʰ	Tsʰə	tshep(kiss)	tshō(traditional basket)
U	ʊ, u	ʊ, u	look, hoop	ûo(goat)
Ü	ə	ə	banana	chǖlám
V	v	və	very	vèu(chicken)
W	w	wə	watt	wā(flour)
Y	j	jə	yellow	yòh(pig)
Glottal(h) is used at the end of the word	ʔ	ʔ stop	Mountain, button, cotton	chāh(through)

Kosraean

Etymology

From Proto-Micronesian *afi, from Proto-Oceanic *api, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hapuy, from Proto-Austronesian *Sapuy. Compare Malay api, Malagasy afo, Tsat pui³³, Palauan ngau, Chuukese ááf, Tongan afi, Samoan afi and Hawaiian ahi.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /eː/

Noun

e

1. fire (oxidation reaction)

   E sac ahkyak tari.

   The fire is already ignited.

2. fire (instance of this chemical reaction)

   Pahpah el taun e luhlahp se.

   Father built a big fire.

See also

• ahkahk (“to light a fire”)
• ahkos (“to kindle, to ignite”)
• taun (“to build a fire”)
• ep (“firewood”)
• fihrihr (“flame, blaze”)

References

• Lee, Kee-dong (1976), “e₄”, in Donald M. Topping, editor, Kusaiean–English Dictionary‎^[6], The University Press of Hawaii, →ISBN, archived from the original on 20 October 2022, page 40

Latin

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ

Proto-Indo-European *-s

Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs

Proto-Italic *eks

Latin exder.

Latin e

Derived from ex.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈeː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈɛː]

Preposition

ē (+ ablative)

2. apocopic form of ex
   • c. 99 BCE – 55 BCE, Lucretius, De rerum natura 6:

     ..et ignis semina convolvunt e nubibus.

     ..and the seeds of fire roll from the clouds.

Usage notes

See ex.

Derived terms

• ē plūribus ūnum

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. A letter of the Latin alphabet, called ē and written in the Latin script.

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈeː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈɛː]

Noun

ē n or f (indeclinable)

1. The name of the Latin script letter E/e.

Coordinate terms

• (Latin-script letter names) littera; ā, bē, cē, dē, ē, ef, gē, hā / *acca, ī, kā, el, em, en, ō, pē, kū, er, es, tē, ū, ix / īx / ex, ȳ / ī graeca / ȳpsīlon, zēta

References

• e in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "e", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “e”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• e in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 of University of California Publications: Classical Studies), part III: “Summary of the Ancient Evidence”, page 32: "Clearly there is no question or doubt about the names of the vowels A, E, I, O, U. They are simply long A, long E, etc. (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū). Nor is there any uncertainty with respect to the six mutes B, C, D, G, P, T. Their names are bē, cē, dē, gē, pē, tē (each with a long E). Or about H, K, and Q: they are hā, kā, kū—each, again, with a long vowel sound."

Latvian

Etymology

Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.

Pronunciation 1

• IPA^(key): [ɛ]

• Audio:

  (file)

• IPA^(key): [æ]

• Audio:

  (file)

Letter

E

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The seventh letter of the Latvian alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

Usage notes

The letter E/e (like its long counterpart Ē/ē) represent two sounds, [ɛ] — šaurais e (“narrow e”) — and [æ] — platais e (“broad e”). In principle, [ɛ] is used when there is a palatal element (the vowels i, ī, e, ē, the diphthongs ie, ei, and the palatal consonants j, ķ, ģ, ļ, ņ, š, ž, č, dž, and, in the old spelling, ŗ) either in the same or in the following syllable; otherwise, [æ] is used. Unfortunately, some historical changes have obscured this pattern by removing some previously existing palatal elements; as a result of that, for a number of words the actual pronunciation of the letter e — [ɛ] or [æ] — must be memorized.

See also

• (Latvian letters) latviešu burti; Aa, Āā, Bb, Cc, Čč, Dd, Ee, Ēē, Ff, Gg, Ģģ, Hh, Ii, Īī, Jj, Kk, Ķķ, Ll, Ļļ, Mm, Nn, Ņņ, Oo, Pp, Rr, Ss, Šš, Tt, Uu, Ūū, Vv, Zz, Žž

Pronunciation 2

• IPA^(key): [ɛ]

Noun

e m (invariable)

1. The name of the Latin script letter E/e.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) burts; A a, Ā ā, B b, C c, Č č, D d, E e, Ē ē, F f, G g, Ģ ģ, H h, I i, Ī ī, J j, K k, Ķ ķ, L l, Ļ ļ, M m, N n, Ņ ņ, O o, P p, R r, S s, Š š, T t, U u, Ū ū, V v, Z z, Ž ž
• (Latvian letter names) latviešu burtu vārdi; a, garais ā, bē, cē, čē, dē, e, garais ē, ef, gā, ģē, hā, i, garais ī, jē, kā, ķē, el, eļ, em, en, eņ, o, pē, er, es, eš, tē, u, garais ū, vē, zē, žē

Ligurian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e/

Etymology 1

From Latin et, from Proto-Indo-European *éti (“beyond, over”).

Conjunction

e

1. and

Etymology 2

From Latin illae.

Article

e f pl (singular a)

1. the

Inflection

Ligurian definite articles

	singular	plural
masculine	o	i
feminine	a	e

Livonian

Pronunciation

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /e/

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The eighth letter of the Livonian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) kēratē’ḑ; A a, Ā ā, Ä ä, Ǟ ǟ, B b, D d, Ḑ ḑ, E e, Ē ē, F f, G g, H h, I i, Ī ī, J j, K k, L l, Ļ ļ, M m, N n, Ņ ņ, O o, Ō ō, Ȯ ȯ, Ȱ ȱ, Õ õ, Ȭ ȭ, P p, R r, Ŗ ŗ, S s, Š š, T t, Ț ț, U u, Ū ū, V v, Z z, Ž ž

Lotha Naga

Pronoun

e (nominative eyio)

1. us, our

See also

Lotha personal pronouns

Person	Number	Bare form	Nominative
1st	Singular	a	ayio
	Plural	e	eyio
2nd	Singular	ni	nino
	Plural	nte	nteno
3rd	"He"	ombo	Bare form + na
	"She"	ompvü mbo
	Plural	onte

Further reading

• Witter, W. E. (1888), K. R. Murry, editor, Outline Grammar of the Lotha Naga Language, 1999 edition, Kyong Academy, page 30
• Acharya, K. P. (1983), Lotha Grammar (CIIL Grammar Series), volume 10, Central Institute of Indian Languages, page 97

Lower Nossob

Verb

e

1. (ǀAuni) to be

Synonyms

• a

Conjunction

e

1. (ǀAuni) and

Pronoun

e

1. (ǀAuni) alternative form of i (“we”)

References

• Dorothea F. Bleek (1937), ǀAuni vocabulary, Johannesburg: University of the Witwatersrand Press, pages 201–220

Lule Sami

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

e

1. third-person plural present of ij

Lutuv

Etymology

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *ʔem, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔ(u/i)m

Verb

e

1. to roast

   Ngaa na i ca e pa

   I roasted the fish for you

References

• Katinsky, Hannah (December 2025), “A comparison of applicative constructions in Lutuv (Lautu) and Hakha Lai”, in Indiana Working Papers in South Asian Languages and Cultures‎^[7], volume 4, number 1, →DOI

Luxembourgish

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the Luxembourgish alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) Buschtaf; A a (Ä ä), B b, C c, D d, E e (Ë ë, É é), F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

Malay

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin script letters) Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz

Maltese

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛ/ (short phoneme)
• IPA^(key): /a/ (some speakers; when following għ in an unstressed final syllable)
• IPA^(key): /ɛː/ (long phoneme)
• In inherited words, long e occurs only next to vowelised għ or h. In Romance words, it can be long on its own.

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the Maltese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) ittra; A a, B b, Ċ ċ, D d, E e, F f, Ġ ġ, G g, Għ għ, H h, Ħ ħ, I i, Ie ie, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Ż ż, Z z

Etymology 2

Onomatopoeic. Compare Italian eh and English eh.

Interjection

e

1. used as a hook, to request that the listener express an opinion about what has been said
2. used to emphasize the (often negative) emotion felt by the speaker

   Synonym: menn

Alternative forms

• eh

Mandarin

Romanization

e (e⁵ / e⁰, Zhuyin ˙ㄜ)

1. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 呃

e

1. nonstandard spelling of ē
2. nonstandard spelling of é
3. nonstandard spelling of ě
4. nonstandard spelling of è
5. nonstandard spelling of ê̄
6. nonstandard spelling of ế
7. nonstandard spelling of ê̌
8. nonstandard spelling of ề

Usage notes

• 《汉语拼音方案》 (Scheme for the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet) defines a standard pronunciation for each letter in Hanyu Pinyin with Zhuyin. ㄝ (/⁠ɛ⁠/) typically only occurs in syllables with an initial glide (e.g. ㄧㄝ (-ie /⁠i̯ɛ⁠/)), where it is romanized as e. When it occurs in syllables without an initial glide, however, it is romanized as ê in order to distinguish it from ㄜ (-e /⁠ɤ⁠/). Such instances are rare, and are only found in interjections or neologisms.
• Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Manx

Pronoun

e

1. his, its (triggers lenition)

   e vac ― his son

   e ennym ― his name

2. her, its (triggers h-prothesis)

   e mac ― her son

   e hennym ― her name

Māori

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈe/ [ˈɛ]
• IPA^(key): /e/ [ɛ] (phoneme)

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The third letter of the Māori alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, Ā ā, E e, Ē ē, H h, I i, Ī ī, K k, M m, N n, O o, Ō ō, P p, R r, T t, U u, Ū ū, W w, Ng ng, Wh wh

Particle

e

1. vocative, used before terms of address
   • 2024, “Pūhā me te Porohewa”, performed by Mā:

     E te poroheahea, e te pōhēhē, e te porohewa

     You fool, you dupe, you bellend

2. used before stating numbers
3. imperative, used before verbs of one long vowel or two short vowels
4. imperative, used for negative commands
5. well, used as a discourse marker
6. (Classical) will, used to mark future tense

Conjunction

e

1. if
2. when

Interjection

e

1. of course
2. where?
3. oh, used as an exclamation to call attention or to express surprise or admiration
4. no way, not on your life, no
5. yes, indeed

Preposition

e

1. by, used before agents of passive constructions

Further reading

• John C. Moorfield (2011), “e”, in Te Aka: Māori–English, English–Māori Dictionary and Index, 3rd edition, Longman/Pearson Education New Zealand, →ISBN

Mauritian Creole

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ø], [e]

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the Mauritian Creole alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Etymology 2

From French et.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [e]

Conjunction

e

1. and

   Synonym: ek

References

• Baker, Philip; Hookoomsing, Vinesh Y. (1987), Diksiyoner kreol morisyeṅ [Mauritian Creole Dictionary] (in French and English), Paris: L'Harmattan, →ISBN, page 90
• Carpooran, Arnaud (2011), Diksioner Morisien [Mauritian Dictionary] (in Mauritian Creole), second edition, Éditions Le Printemps, →ISBN, page 305

Mbya Guarani

Adjective

e

1. tasty, delicious

Middle English

Etymology 1

Noun

e

1. (Northern, Early Scots) alternative form of eye (“eye”)

Etymology 2

Noun

e

1. alternative form of eye (“eye”)

Etymology 3

Pronoun

e

1. alternative form of I (“I”)

Etymology 4

Pronoun

e

1. alternative form of he (“he”)

Etymology 5

Pronoun

e

1. alternative form of he (“they”)

Middle Low German

Alternative forms

• ee, eje, ewe

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *aiw, from Proto-Germanic *aiwaz, whence also Old Norse ei.

Adverb

ê

1. always

Descendants

• German Low German: Ehe

Middle Scots

Noun

e

1. alternative form of ee (“eye”)

Mokilese

Noun

e (construct ehn)

1. leg

Inflection

Possessive forms of e (inalienable possession, -n/long vowel stem)

singular possessor	first person		ehioa
	second person		ehmwen
	third person		ehn
dual possessors	first person inclusive		ehsa
	first person exclusive		ehma
	second person		ehmwa
	third person		ehra
plural possessors	first person inclusive		ehsai
	first person exclusive		ehmai
	second person		ehmwai
	third person		ehrai
remote plural possessors	first person inclusive		ehs
	first person exclusive		ehmi
	second person		ehmwi
	third person		ehr
construct form			ehn

Derived terms

• kikin e (“toenail”)
• koapin e (“heel”)

References

• Harrison, Sheldon P.; Albert, Salich Y. (1977), Mokilese-English Dictionary‎^[8], Honolulu: The University Press of Hawaii, →ISBN, page 13

Navajo

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The eighth letter of the Navajo alphabet, written in the Latin script.

   e = /ɛ˨/

   ę = /ɛ̃˨/

   é = /ɛ˥/

   ę́ = /ɛ̃˥/

   ee = /ɛː˨˨/

   ęę = /ɛ̃ː˨˨/

   ée = /ɛː˥˨/

   ę́ę = /ɛ̃ː˥˨/

   eé = /ɛː˨˥/

   ęę́ = /ɛ̃ː˨˥/

   éé = /ɛː˥˥/

   ę́ę́ = /ɛ̃ː˥˥/

Neapolitan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e/

Etymology 1

From Latin de.

Alternative forms

• 'e

Preposition

e

1. of (used to express ownership)

Etymology 2

From Latin et.

Conjunction

e

1. and

Nigerian Pidgin

Etymology

From English he or English she.

Pronoun

e

1. he, she, it
   • 2024 April 7, “Timeline of Rwanda genocide 30 years later”, in BBC News Pidgin‎^[9], archived from the original on 21 August 2025:

     President Paul Kagame tok dis one as e address dignitaries and world leaders wey gada for Rwanda capital, Kigali, to remember di bloodshed.

     President Paul Kagame said this while addressing dignitaries and world leaders who gathered in Rwanda's capital, Kigali, to commemorate the bloodshed.

   • 2025 July 29, “UK go recognise Palestinian state unless Israel agree to 'certain' conditions”, in BBC News Pidgin‎^[10], archived from the original on 4 August 2025:

     E tell tori pipo say, UK goal of "a safe secure Israel alongside a viable and sovereign Palestinian state" dey "under pressure like neva bifor".

     He tells journalists that the UK's goal of "a safe secure Israel alongside a viable and sovereign Palestinian state" are "under pressure like never before".

   • 2025 August 22, “Ex-Nigerian goalkeeper Peter Rufai make im final journey home”, in BBC News Pidgin‎^[11], archived from the original on 28 August 2025:

     Rufai bin sick for some weeks, bifor e give up di ghost for one hospital for Lagos.

     Rufai was sick for a few weeks before he died in a hospital in Lagos.

Further reading

• “e” in Naija Guru, 2026.

North Frisian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ə], [ɐ] (reduced vowel)
• IPA^(key): [ɛ] (short full vowel)
• IPA^(key): [eː] (long vowel, spelt ee)

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. A letter of the North Frisian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Usage notes

• In monosyllables, final ⟨e⟩ is pronounced [e], except on Sylt, where it is [ɛ].
• The reduced vowel is lowered to [ɐ] when followed by coda ⟨r⟩. In the insular dialects, the same usually happens also before any other coda consonant (except ⟨l, n⟩, which become syllabic instead).
• Mooring Frisian represents [ɛ] exclusively by ⟨ä⟩, whereas the insular dialects represent [ə] by ⟨i⟩ in certain positions (see there).
• Föhr-Amrum Frisian uses ⟨ei, eu⟩ for the diphthongs [aɪ̯], [ɔɪ̯] as in German. The other dialects spell phonetically ⟨ai, oi⟩.

See also

• (North Frisian letters): a, ä, å, ā, b, c, d, e, ē, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, ö, p, r, s, t, u, ü, v, w (q, x, y, z)

Norwegian

Etymology

See Translingual section.

Pronunciation

• (letter name): IPA^(key): /eː/
• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /eː/, /e/, /ɛ/, /ə/, /æ/

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the Norwegian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Usage notes

• /ə/ only appears in unstressed syllables.

Inflection

Inflection of e

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
Bokmål m	e	e-en	e-er	e-ene
Nynorsk m	e	e-en	e-ar	e-ane

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the Norwegian Bokmål alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) bokstav; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z, Æ æ, Ø ø, Å å

Noun

e m (definite singular e-en, indefinite plural e-er, definite plural e-ene)

1. the letter E

Etymology 2

Article

e

1. (nonstandard since 1938) alternative form of ei

References

• “e” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “e” in Norwegian Academy Dictionary (NAOB).
• “E – bokstav” in Store norske leksikon.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the Norwegian Nynorsk alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) bokstav; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z, Æ æ, Ø ø, Å å

Noun

e m (definite singular e-en, indefinite plural e-ar, definite plural e-ane)

1. the letter E

Etymology 2

From Old Norse er.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /eː/, /e/, /ɛ/, /ə/, /æ/

Verb

e

1. (dialectal, colloquial) apocopic form of er, present of vera

Etymology 3

Pronoun

e

1. (dialectal) pronunciation spelling of eg (“I”)

Usage notes

This pronoun form is known from Valdres, Hallingdal, Numedal, parts of Telemark, Sunnmøre, Agder and Sogn, and also from Bardu and Målselv. In the Middle Norway it is used in two areas: east (Selbu and Tydal) and south-west (Meldal, Rennebu, Støren, Oppdal, Kvikne, Surnadal, Tingvoll and Tustna), while in areas of Svorkmo, Haltdal and Folldal being mixed from house to house.

Besides e, in the southernmost part of Trøndelag there are used je (Røros and Singsås) and, rarely, ei. The closer you get to Trondheim, æ and æg are getting more common. Exterior areas like Snåsa, Lierne, Romsdal and Sunndal are using i, but in the northernmost areas (Overhalla, Grong, Namsskogan and Røyrvik) the form eig is used.

References

• “e” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Nupe

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /e/

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The sixth letter of the Nupe alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) banki; A a (Á á, À à), B b, C c, D d, Dz dz, E e (É é, È è), F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì), J j, K k, Kp kp, L l, M m (Ḿ ḿ, M̀ m̀, M̄ m̄), N n (Ń ń, Ǹ ǹ, N̄ n̄), O o (Ó ó, Ò ò), P p, R r, S s, Sh sh, T t, Ts ts, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù), V v, W w, Y y, Z z, Zh zh

Etymology 2

Clipping of rè.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /è/

Particle

è

1. Marks the imperfective aspect, for actions that are not completed.

Nzadi

Particle

é

1. Used to link a possessed noun to its possessor.

Usage notes

This particle accompanies several tonal changes, as well as a simplification or elision of the coda of the possessed noun in some cases. Many nouns can be linked directly in possessive constructions without using this particle, chiefly those that denotes humans or animals when used in the singular, although it is impossible to predict exactly which nouns will follow which pattern based on semantics, ancestral noun class, or morphology.

Further reading

• Crane, Thera; Larry Hyman; Simon Nsielanga Tukumu (2011), A grammar of Nzadi [B.865]: a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, →ISBN

Occitan

Etymology 1

From Old Occitan e, from Latin et.

Conjunction

e

1. and

Etymology 2

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. A letter of the Occitan alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

Noun

e f (plural es)

1. The name of the Latin script letter E/e.

Old English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /eː/
• Rhymes: -eː

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. A letter of the Old English alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Usage notes

• Modern editions of Old English texts often mark long versions of this vowel with a macron (ē) or acute accent (é).

Old French

Conjunction

e

1. alternative form of et

Old Galician-Portuguese

Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin et, from Proto-Italic *et, from Proto-Indo-European *éti.

Alternative forms

• ⁊, et

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e/

Conjunction

e

1. and (expresses two elements to be taken together or in addition to each other)

Descendants

• Fala: i
• Galician: e
• Portuguese: e
  • Guinea-Bissau Creole: i, e
  • Indo-Portuguese: e
  • Kabuverdianu: y, i, e
  • Papiamentu: i, y

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛ/
• Rhymes: -ɛ

Verb

é

1. third-person singular present indicative of seer
   • a. 1284, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Códice de Toledo, cantiga 5 (facsimile):

     Eſta ·xviiii· é como ſṫa maria aiudou · á emperadriz de roma · a ſofrer as grãdes coitaſ per que paſſou.

     This 19th is about how Holy Mary helped the empress of Rome suffer through the great pains she underwent.

   • a. 1284, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Códice de los músicos, cantiga 7 (facsimile):

     Eſta e como ſanta Maria liurou a Abadeſſa prenne q̇ adormecera anto ſeu Altar chorando.

     This one is about how Holy Mary acquitted the pregnant abbess who had fallen asleep crying in front of her altar.

Descendants

• Fala: é
• Galician: é
• Portuguese: é

Old Occitan

Etymology

From Latin et.

Conjunction

e

1. and

Descendants

• Occitan: e

Old Spanish

Alternative forms

• é (alternative spelling)
• ed, et (alternative forms)
• i

Etymology

From Latin et, from Proto-Indo-European *éti.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e/

Conjunction

e

1. and
   • 13th century, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, page 64va:

     e el reẏ con ſana q́ auie mando que mataſen todos los ſabios de babilonna e demandaron a danel e aſos conpaneros por matar

     And the king, full of anger, ordered all the wise men of Babylon be put to death, and they sought Daniel and his companions to put them to death.

Descendants

• Ladino: i
• Spanish: y, i, e

References

• Ralph Steele Boggs et al. (1946), “e”, in Tentative Dictionary of Medieval Spanish, volume I, Chapel Hill, page 202

Ometepec Nahuatl

Noun

e

1. bean

Oromo

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛ/

• Syllables - e, Count - 1

  • Audio:

    (file)

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the Oromo alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Papiamentu

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.

Proto-Italic *olnos

Old Latin olle

Latin ille

Old Galician-Portuguese ele

Portuguese eleder.

▲

Latin ille

Spanish élder.

▲

Portuguese eleder.

Kabuverdianu elder.

Papiamentu e

Derived from Portuguese ele, Spanish él, and Kabuverdianu el.

Pronoun

e

1. he, she (third person singular)

Etymology 2

Etymology tree

Portuguese esteder.

Latin iste

Spanish esteder.

Kabuverdianu esder.

Papiamentu e

Derived from Portuguese este, Spanish este, and Kabuverdianu es.

Article

e

1. the (definite article)

Pohnpeian

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronoun

e

1. he, she, it (third person pronoun)

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Alternative forms

• ah, eh

Determiner

e

1. his, her, hers, its (third person possessive pronoun)

   Liho iang eh pwoud.

   The woman joined her husband.

Etymology 3

Onomatopoeic.

Interjection

e

1. what, in response to being called

References

• “e”, in New Pohnpeian-English Online Dictionary‎^[12], Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaiʻi

Polish

Etymology

The Polish orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the history of Polish orthography article on Wikipedia for more, and e for development of the glyph itself.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛ/

• Audio:

  (file)

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The seventh letter of the Polish alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, Ą ą, B b, C c, Ć ć, D d, E e, Ę ę, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n, Ń ń, O o, Ó ó, P p, R r, S s, Ś ś, T t, U u, W w, Y y, Z z, Ź ź, Ż ż

Interjection

e

1. (colloquial) hey! (used to call someone's attention)

Portuguese

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): (letter name) /ˈɛ/, /ˈe/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): (letter name) /ˈɛ/, /ˈe/

• Hyphenation: e

Letter

e m (lower case, upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the Portuguese alphabet, called ê or é and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) letra; A a (Á á, À à, Â â, Ã ã), B b, C c (Ç ç), D d, E e (É é, Ê ê), F f, G g, H h, I i (Í í), J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ô ô, Õ õ), P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ú ú), V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese e, from Latin et.

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): (unstressed) /i/, (stressed) /ˈi/, (stressed, uncommon) /ˈe/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): (unstressed) /i/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Homophone: i

Conjunction

e

2. and (connects two clauses indicating that the events occurred together, one after the other or without any special implication)

   Synonym: &

   Eu vim e eles saíram. ― I came and they left.

   • 2007, J. K. Rowling, translated by Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e as Relíquias da Morte [Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows] (Harry Potter; 7), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 211:

     Mandaram lacrar todas as saídas e não deixar ninguém...

     They ordered me to seal all the exits and not to let anyone...

4. and (connects the last and penultimate elements in a list)

   Eu e ele vamos embora. ― He and I are going away.

   Tenho quatro frutas: uma maçã, uma pera, uma laranja e uma uva.

   I have four fruits: an apple, a pear, an orange and a grape.

5. what about

   Synonym: e quanto a

   Você vai viajar sozinho? E a sua esposa?

   You're going to travel alone? What about your wife?

7. (emphatic) and (connects every element of a list)

   Ela é baixa, e burra, e preguiçosa, e feia.

   She is short, and stupid, and lazy, and ugly.

   • 2003, J. K. Rowling, translated by Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e a Ordem da Fênix [Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix] (Harry Potter; 5), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 308:

     Você notou os cabelos dela, são negros e brilhantes e macios...

     You noticed her hair, it's dark and brilliant and soft...

9. (logic) and (indicates a conjunction operation)

   Verdadeiro e falso dá falso. ― True and false yields false.

11. (in the format “X e X”) and (indicates a great number of something)

    Esperei por anos e anos. ― I waited for years and years.

Descendants

• Guinea-Bissau Creole: i, e
• Indo-Portuguese: e
• Kabuverdianu: y, i, e
• Papiamentu: i, y

Noun

e m (uncountable)

1. (logic) and, conjunction

Etymology 3

Noun

e m (uncountable)

1. abbreviation of este (“east”): E

Etymology 4

Verb

e

1. (Internet slang, text messaging) alternative spelling of é (“is”)

Further reading

• “e”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “e”, in Dicionário Eletrônico Houaiss [Houaiss Electronic Dictionary] (in Portuguese), São Paulo: UOL, 2004–2026
• “e”, in Dicionário Infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2026
• “e”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2026, →ISBN
• “e”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Rapa Nui

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈe/
• Hyphenation: e

Etymology 1

From Proto-Polynesian *e. Cognates include Hawaiian e and Māori e.

Particle

e

1. Used to mark the subject of a non-stative verb.
2. Used to form a vocative of the following (proper) noun.

Usage notes

• The particle is only obligatory when used with verbs describing first-hand sensing:

  He tike'a koe e au. ― I see you.

• With other verbs, e has an emphatic undertone.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Polynesian *e. Cognates include Hawaiian e and Māori e.

Particle

e

1. used to indicate the imperfective aspect
2. used to indicate the exhortative mood
3. used before numerals to form cardinal numbers

References

• Veronica Du Feu (1996), Rapanui (Descriptive Grammars), Routledge, →ISBN, page 67
• Paulus Kieviet (2017), A grammar of Rapa Nui‎^[13], Berlin: Language Science Press, →ISBN, pages 323, 381

Rawang

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛ/

Verb

e

1. to exist

Suffix

e

1. verbal suffix for marking non-past declarative clause

Romagnol

Etymology

From an earlier ei, from el.

Article

e m

1. alternative form of e’ (“the”)

Romani

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e/

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. (International Standard) The seventh letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
2. (Pan-Vlax) The eighth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, X x, I i, J j, K k, Kh kh, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Ph ph, R r, S s, T t, Th th, U u, V v, Z z International Standard: (À à, Ä ä, Ǎ ǎ), Ć ć, Ćh ćh, (È è, Ë ë, Ě ě), (Ì ì, Ï ï, Ǐ ǐ), (Ò ò, Ö ö, Ǒ ǒ), Rr rr, Ś ś, (Ù ù, Ü ü, Ǔ ǔ), Ź ź, Ʒ ʒ, Q q, Ç ç, ϴ θ. Pan-Vlax: Č č, Čh čh, Dž dž, (Dź dź), Ř ř, Š š, (Ś ś), Ž ž, (Ź ź).

Romanian

Etymology 1

See Translingual section.

Pronunciation

• (letter name) IPA^(key): /e/
• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /e/

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The seventh letter of the Romanian alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

Usage notes

See E for pronunciation notes.

See also

• (Latin script letters) Aa, Ăă, Ââ, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Îî, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Șș, Tt, Țț, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz

Noun

e n (plural e-uri)

1. The name of the Latin script letter E/e.

Declension

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	e	e-ul	e-uri	e-urile
genitive-dative	e	e-ului	e-uri	e-urilor
vocative	e-ule		e-urilor

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Interjection

e

1. expression of annoyance, irritation
2. expression of boredom, indifference
3. (when prolonged…eee) expression of surprise, satisfaction, admiration

Etymology 3

Inherited from Latin est.

Alternative forms

• е (e) — post-1930s Cyrillic spelling
• -i

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /je/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -e

Verb

e

1. (informal) third-person singular present indicative of fi

   Synonyms: este, (regional) îi, (familiar) -i

   El e un copil.

   He is a child.

Etymology 4

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *éti

Proto-Italic *et

Latin et

Romanian e

Inherited from Latin et.

Conjunction

e

1. (obsolete) and

   Synonym: și

2. (obsolete) but

   Synonyms: dar, iar

See also

Romanian personal pronouns

number	person		nominative	accusative	dative	accusative	dative
				stressed		unstressed
singular
	1st		eu	mine	mie	mă	îmi
	2nd		tu, dumneata1, dumneavoastră2	tine, dumneata1, dumneavoastră2	ție, dumitale1, dumneavoastră2	te, vă2	îți, vă2
	3rd	m	el, dumnealui2	e, dumnealui2	lui, dumnealui2	îl	îi
		f	ea, dumneaei2		ei, dumneaei2	o
plural
	1st		noi		nouă	ne
	2nd		voi, dumneavoastră2		vouă, dumneavoastră2	vă
	3rd	m	ei, dumnealor2		lor, dumnealor2	îi	le
		f	ele, dumnealor2			le

¹ Semi-polite.
² Polite.

Samoan

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Preposition

e

1. by (a person or animate object)

Sardinian

Etymology

From Latin et, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *éti.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e/

Conjunction

e

1. and

Sarikoli

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e/

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The seventh letter of the Sarikoli alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, Č č, D d, Δ δ, E e, Ɛ ε, Ə ə, F f, G g, Ɣ ɣ, Ɣ̌ ɣ̌, I i, Ʒ ʒ, J̌ ǰ, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, Š š, T t, θ ϑ, U u, Ü ü, V v, W w, X x, X̌ x̌, У у, Z z, Ž ž, Ы ы

Sassarese

Etymology

From Latin et, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *éti or *h₁eti.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e/

Conjunction

e

1. and

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology 1

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the Scottish Gaelic alphabet, written in the Latin script; preceded by d and followed by f; traditionally named eadha (“aspen”).

See also

• (Latin-script letters) litir; A a (À à), B b (Bh bh), C c (Ch ch), D d (Dh dh), E e (È è), F f (Fh fh), G g (Gh gh), H h, I i (Ì ì), L l, M m (Mh mh), N n, O o (Ò ò), P p (Ph ph), R r, S s (Sh sh), T t (Th th), U u (Ù ù)
• (diacritics) ◌̀
• (obsolete vowels) Á á É é Ó ó

Etymology 2

From Old Irish é. Cognates include Irish é and Manx eh.

Pronunciation

• (Lewis) IPA^(key): /a/, /ɛ/, /e/, (accented) /ɛː/, /eː/
• (Harris, North Uist, Skye) IPA^(key): /ɛ/, (accented) /ɛː/
• (South Uist, Barra, Wester Ross) IPA^(key): /a/, (accented) /ɛː/, /æː/

Pronoun

e (emphatic esan)

1. third-person masculine pronoun; he, him, it

See also

Scottish Gaelic personal pronouns

		simple		emphatic
		singular	plural	singular	plural
first person		mi	sinn	mise	sinne
second person		thu, tu1	sibh2	thusa, tusa1	sibhse2
third person	m	e	iad	esan	iadsan
	f	i		ise

¹ Used when following a verb ending in -n, -s or -dh.
² sibh and sibhse also act as the polite singular pronouns.
To mark a direct object of a verbal noun, the derivatives of gam are used.

Further reading

• Edward Dwelly (1911), “e”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 é, hé”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

See Translingual section.

Pronunciation

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /e/

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E, Cyrillic equivalent е)

1. The ninth letter of the Serbo-Croatian alphabet (gajica), called e and written in the Latin script; preceded by đ and followed by f.

Etymology 2

Variant of ej or hej.

Interjection

e (Cyrillic spelling е)

1. (rare) well, now
2. (informal, at the beginning of the sentence) hey
3. (informal, at the beginning of the sentence) Used to emphasize the sentence

   E, šta ima? ― Hey, what's up?

4. (informal, at the beginning of the sentence) Used to express surprise

   E, otkud ti? ― Hey, where did you come from?

5. (informal, at the beginning of the sentence) Used to get attention or change the topic of conversation, especially if followed by a (“and; but”)

   E, a vidi ovo. ― And look at this.

Sicilian

Etymology

From Latin et, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *éti.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e/

Conjunction

e

1. and

Silesian

Etymology

The Silesian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. 3 main scripts exist, the Steuer Alphabet made in 1934, the Silesian Phonetic Alphabet in 2006, and the Elementary alphabet made in the late 2000s. See the Silesian language article on Wikipedia for more, and e for development of the glyph itself.

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The seventh letter of the Silesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, àã, B b, C c, Ć ć, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n, Ń ń, O o, Ŏ ŏ, Ō ō, Ô ô, Õ õ, P p, R r, S s, Ś ś, T t, U u, W w, Y y, Z z, Ź ź, Ż ż

Skolt Sami

Pronunciation

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /e/, /ɛ/

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The tenth letter of the Skolt Sami alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) bukva; A a,  â, B b, C c, Č č, Ʒ ʒ, Ǯ ǯ, D d, Đ đ, E e, F f, G g, Ǧ ǧ, Ǥ ǥ, H h, I i, J j, K k, Ǩ ǩ, L l, M m, N n, Ŋ ŋ, O o, Õ õ, P p, R r, S s, Š š, T t, U u, V v, Z z, Ž ž, Å å, Ä ä, ʹ

Slovak

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e/, [e]
• Rhymes: -e

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The tenth letter of the Slovak alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) písmeno; A a, Á á, Ä ä, B b, C c, Č č, D d, Ď ď, Dz dz, Dž dž, E e, É é, F f, G g, H h, Ch ch, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ĺ ĺ, Ľ ľ, M m, N n, Ň ň, O o, Ó ó, Ô ô, P p, Q q, R r, Ŕ ŕ, S s, Š š, T t, Ť ť, U u, Ú ú, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Ý ý, Z z, Ž ž

Slovene

Alternative forms

• є (Metelko alphabet)
• ȩ (Ramovš transcription)

Etymology 1

From Gaj's Latin alphabet e, from Czech alphabet e, from Latin e, which is a modification of capital letter E in uncial script, from Ancient Greek Ε (E, Epsilon).

Pronunciation

• (phoneme, Standard Slovene): IPA^(key): /éː/, /èː/, /ɛ́/, /ɛ́ː/, /ɛ̀ː/, /ə́/, /ə̀/, /e/, /ɛ/, [ɪ́], [ɪ̀], [é̞], [è̞]
• (phoneme, Resian): IPA^(key): /ɛ/
• (phoneme, Natisone Valley dialect): IPA^(key): /ɛː/, /ɛ/, /ɛ̆/
• (letter name): IPA^(key): /èː/, /éː/
• (letter name, archaic): IPA^(key): /ɛ̀ː/, /ɛ́ː/

• Audio (letter name, non-tonal):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -eː, -ɛː
• Homophones: e, E

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The sixth letter of the Slovene alphabet, written in the Latin script.
2. The eighth letter of the Slovene alphabet (Resian), written in the Latin script.
3. The sixth letter of the Slovene alphabet (Natisone Valley dialect), written in the Latin script.

Derived terms

• ȇ
• ê
• ȅ
• ẹ
• è
• ē
• é
• ė
• ë
• ȩ
• ḙ

Symbol

e

1. (Logar transcription, transcription for standard Slovene) Phonetic transcription of sound [ɛ].

   Synonyms: ȩ, ɛ

Noun

e m inan or n

1. The name of the Latin script letter E/e.

Usage notes

Nowadays, it is hardly ever neuter gender, so it is considered obsolete.

Declension

• Overall more common

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Masculine inan., soft o-stem
nom. sing.	e
gen. sing.	e-ja
	singular	dual	plural
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	e	e-ja	e-ji
genitive (rodȋlnik)	e-ja	e-jev	e-jev
dative (dajȃlnik)	e-ju	e-jema	e-jem
accusative (tožȋlnik)	e	e-ja	e-je
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	e-ju	e-jih	e-jih
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	e-jem	e-jema	e-ji

• More common when with a definite adjective

Masculine inan., no endings
nom. sing.	e
gen. sing.	e
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	e	e	e
accusative	e	e	e
genitive	e	e	e
dative	e	e	e
locative	e	e	e
instrumental	e	e	e

• Obsolete

Neuter, no endings
nom. sing.	e
gen. sing.	e
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	e	e	e
accusative	e	e	e
genitive	e	e	e
dative	e	e	e
locative	e	e	e
instrumental	e	e	e

Etymology 2

Variant of ej or hej

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /èː/, /éː/
• (third definition also): IPA^(key): [ẽ́ː], [ẽ̀ː]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -eː, -ẽː
• Homophones: e, E

Interjection

e

1. (informal, rare, at the beginning of sentences) Used to express happiness when saying something

   E, do smrti bom živel!

   Hey, I will live till I die!

2. (informal, at the beginning of sentences) Used to express uneasyness

   E, da, seveda.

   Um, sure, of course

3. (informal, rare, at the end of sentences) Used to form questions

   Synonym: a

   Kdo je to naredil, e?

   Who did that, huh?

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛ́/
• Rhymes: -ɛ
• Homophones: e, E

Interjection

e

1. (informal, at the beginning of sentences) Used to express indifference to what was said before

   Synonyms: eh, ah

   E, ga bo že minilo!

   Whatever, he will get over it?

2. (informal, at the beginning of sentences) Used to express unhappiness

   E, pa kaj še!

   Yeah, sure!

See also

• (Latin script letters) Aa, Bb, Cc, Čč, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Rr, Ss, Šš, Tt, Uu, Vv, Zz, Žž
• ë
• ē
• è
• é
• ê
• ȩ
• ɛ
• ḙ
• ė
• ẹ
• ə

References

• Krvina, Domen; Žele, Andreja (2017), O MEDMETIH, ZLASTI O NJIHOVIH RAZLOČEVALNIH LASTNOSTIH: POUDARJEN SLOVARSKI VIDIK‎^[14] (in Slovene)
• Kenda-Jež, Karmen (27 February 2017), Fonetična trankripcija [Phonetic transcription]‎^[15] (in Slovene), Znanstvenoraziskovalni center SAZU, Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša, archived from the original on 22 January 2022, pages 27–30

Further reading

• “e”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2026

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e/ [e]

• Audio (Spain):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -e
• Syllabification: e
• Homophones: he, hé

Etymology 1

See Translingual section.

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the Spanish alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Noun

e f (plural es)

1. The name of the Latin script letter E/e.

Derived terms

• hablar con la e

Etymology 2

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *éti

Proto-Italic *et

Latin et

Spanish e

Inherited from Latin et.

Alternative forms

• y
• é (obsolete)

Conjunction

e

1. and

   Hablo francés e inglés.

   I speak French and English.

   Iberia, Air Europa e Easyjet.

   Iberia, Air Europa and Easyjet.

   • 2020 July 9, Carlos E. Cué, Miguel González, “Sánchez plantea revisar la inviolabilidad del Rey en la Constitución”, in El País‎^[16], archived from the original on 10 July 2020:

     “La Constitución española tiene que evolucionar conforme a las exigencias de ejemplaridad y conducta política de las sociedades”, ha declarado el presidente en una entrevista conjunta con Eldiario.es e Infolibre.es.

     "The Spanish Constitution must conform to the demands of the exemplariness and political conduct of society", declared the President in an interview with Eldiario.es and Infolibre.es.

Usage notes

• Used instead of y when the following word starts with the vowel sound /i/.

See also

• u

Sranan Tongo

Etymology

Reduced form of de (“to be”).

Particle

e

1. verbal marker for continuous aspect

Sumerian

Romanization

e

1. romanization of 𒂊

Swedish

Etymology 1

See Translingual section.

Pronunciation

• letter name: IPA^(key): /eː/

• Audio:

  (file)

• phoneme: IPA^(key): /eː/, /ɛ/, /ɛː/

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the Swedish alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) bokstav; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z, Å å, Ä ä, Ö ö
• é

Etymology 2

Verb

e

1. (colloquial, Internet slang, text messaging) pronunciation spelling of är

   Synonym: ä

   • 2014 January 17, Veronica Maggio, “Hela huset”‎^[17] ft. Håkan Hellström:

     Går runt i t-shirt och e trött

     Walking tired around in a t-shirt

Derived terms

• due

Etymology 3

From Old Norse æ, ei, ey, from Proto-Germanic *aiwi (“forever”), *aiwaz. Doublet of ju.

Adverb

e (not comparable)

1. (archaic) forever, ever

   Synonym: alltid

Related terms

• e-

References

• “e”, in Svenska Akademiens ordböcker [Dictionaries of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)
• e in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)

Tagalog

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Spanish e. Each pronunciation has a different source:

• Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English e.
• Abakada alphabet pronunciation is influenced by the Baybayin character ᜁ (i).
• Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish e.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog)
  • IPA^(key): /ˈʔi/ [ˈʔɪ] (letter name, Filipino alphabet)
    • Rhymes: -i
  • IPA^(key): /ˈʔe/ [ˈʔɛ] (letter name, Abakada alphabet, Abecedario)
    • Rhymes: -e
  • IPA^(key): /ˈe/ [ˈɛ] (phoneme, stressed or unstressed)
    • Rhymes: -e
• Syllabification: e

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. the fifth letter of the Filipino alphabet, called i and written in the Latin script
2. the fifth letter of the Abakada alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script
3. (historical) the sixth letter of the Abecedario, called e and written in the Latin script

See also

• (Latin-script letters) titik; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, Ng ng, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z
• ë

Noun

e (Baybayin spelling ᜁ)

1. the name of the Latin script letter E/e, in the Abakada alphabet

   Synonym: (in the Filipino alphabet) i

2. (historical) the name of the Latin script letter E/e, in the Abecedario

   Synonym: (in the Filipino alphabet) i

See also

• ii

Etymology 2

Compare Spanish eh and English eh.

Alternative forms

• eh
• weh — dialectal, Bulacan

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ʔe/ [ʔɛː]
• Rhymes: -e
• Syllabification: e

Interjection

e (Baybayin spelling ᜁ) (informal)

1. Used to acknowledge a statement or situation: well; so

   E, ganoon e!

   Well, it's like that!

   E, ano ngayon?

   So, what now?

   Nandoon siya, e.

   Well, he/she was/is there.

2. Used to rhetorically express surprise or suspicion: so; oh; well

   E, sino naman 'yun?

   Oh so then, who was that?

   E, ikaw lang din naman 'yun.

   Well anyways, that was also only just you.

3. Used to express indignance: well; but

   E, hindi mo naman kinailangan gawin iyon.

   But, you didn't need to do that.

4. Used to introduce the continuation of narration from a previous understood point: and; well; so

   E, magkano naman ito?

   And, how much is this one?

See also

• ala e
• di
• o

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ʔe/ [ʔɛ]
• Rhymes: -e
• Syllabification: e

Particle

e (Baybayin spelling ᜁ)

1. alternative form of ay

Further reading

• “e”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, 2018

Tahitian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Particle

e

1. indicates that an action is unfinished when inserted before the verb

See also

• ʻe, ʻē

Talysh

Alternative forms

• eğ (Lerik)

Etymology

Origin uncertain. No cognates in other Iranian languages.

Noun

e

1. strawberry

   Synonym: çiələq

Teop

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronoun

e

1. him, her, it (third-person pronoun, objective case, singular)

Further reading

• https://corpus1.mpi.nl/media-archive/dobes_data/Teop/Info/Teop_Sketch_Grammar_May07.pdf
• https://web.archive.org/web/20170516185153/http://www.ioling.org/booklets/iol-2012-indiv-sol.en.pdf

Tlingit

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛ/

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. A letter of the Tlingit alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• Canada:
• (Latin-script letters) A a, Á á, À à,  â, Ch ch, Chʼ chʼ, D d, Dł dł, Dz dz, E e, É é, È è, Ê ê, G g, Gw gw, Gh gh, Ghw ghw, H h, I i, Í í, Ì ì, Πî, J j, K k, Kw kw, Kʼ kʼ, Kʼw kʼw, Kh kh, Khw khw, Khʼ khʼ, Khʼw khʼw (L l), Ł ł, Łʼ łʼ (M m), N n (O o), S s, Sʼ sʼ, Sh sh, T t, Tʼ tʼ, Tl tl, Tlʼ tlʼ, Ts ts, Tsʼ tsʼ, U u, Ú ú, Ù ù, Û û, W w, X x, Xw xw, Xʼ xʼ, Xʼw xʼw, Xh xh, Xhw xhw, Xhʼ xhʼ, Xhʼw xhʼw, Y y (Ÿ ÿ), ․
• US:
• (Latin-script letters) A a, Á á, Aa aa, Áa áa, Ch ch, Chʼ chʼ, D d, Dl dl, Dz dz, E e, É é, Ee ee, Ée ée, Ei ei, Éi éi, G g, Gw gw, G̱ g̱, G̱w g̱w, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, Kw kw, Kʼ kʼ, Kʼw kʼw, Ḵ ḵ, Ḵw ḵw, Ḵʼ ḵʼ, Ḵʼw ḵʼw, L l, Lʼ lʼ (Ḻ ḻ, M m), N n (O o), Oo oo, Óo óo, S s, Sʼ sʼ, Sh sh, T t, Tʼ tʼ, Tl tl, Tlʼ tlʼ, Ts ts, Tsʼ tsʼ, U u, Ú ú, W w, X x, Xw xw, Xʼ xʼ, Xʼw xʼw, X̱ x̱, X̱w x̱w, X̱ʼ x̱ʼ, X̱ʼw x̱ʼw, Y y (Ÿ ÿ, Y̱ y̱), ․

Tokelauan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [e]
• Hyphenation: e

Etymology 1

From Proto-Polynesian *(q)e. Cognates include Hawaiian e and Samoan e.

Preposition

e

1. marks the subject of a transitive verb; by

Etymology 2

From Proto-Polynesian *e. Cognates include Hawaiian e and Samoan e.

Particle

e

1. Indicates indefinite present tense.
   • 1948, Tūlāfono fakavae a Tokelau [Constitution of Tokelau]‎^[18], page 1:

     Ko kimatou, ia tagata o Tokelau, e takutino

     We, the people of Tokelau, (do) speak openly

2. Indicates future tense.

References

• R. Simona, editor (1986), Tokelau Dictionary‎^[19], Auckland: Office of Tokelau Affairs, page 24

Tongan

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *(q)e.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e/

Preposition

e

1. by

Tooro

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e/

Pronoun

-e (declinable)

1. his, her (class 1 possessive pronoun)

Usage notes

• This modifier, when used in the indefinite forms, causes the word before it to move its high tone to the ultimate syllable.

Inflection

Inflected forms of -e

Noun class	indefinite		definite
	singular	plural	singular	plural
1/2	we	be	owe	abe
3/4	gwe	ye	ogwe	eye
5/6	lye	ge	erye	age
7/8	kye	bye	ekye	ebye
9/10	ye	ze	eye	eze
11/10	rwe		orwe
12/14	ke	bwe	ake	obwe
13	—	twe	—	otwe
14/6	bwe	ge	obwe	age
15/6	kwe		okwe
16	he	—	ahe	—
18	mwe		omwe

See also

Tooro personal pronouns

class	person	independent	possessive	subject concord	object concord	combined forms
						na	ni
class 1	first	nyowe, nye	-ange	n-	-n-	nanyowe, nanye	ninyowe, ninye
	second	iwe	-awe	o-	-ku-	naiwe	niiwe
	third	uwe	-e	a-	-mu-	nawe	nuwe
class 2	first	itwe	-aitu	tu-	-tu-	naitwe	niitwe
	second	inywe	-anyu	mu-	-ba-	nainywe	niinywe
	third	bo	-abo	ba-	-ba-	nabo	nubo
class 3		gwo	-agwo	gu-	-gu-	nagwo	nugwo
class 4		yo	-ayo	e-	-gi-	nayo	niyo
class 5		lyo	-alyo	li-	-li-	nalyo	niryo
class 6		go	-ago	ga-	-ga-	nago	nugo
class 7		kyo	-akyo	ki-	-ki-	nakyo	nikyo
class 8		byo	-abyo	bi-	-bi-	nabyo	nibyo
class 9		yo	-ayo	e-	-gi-	nayo	niyo
class 10		zo	-azo	zi-	-zi-	nazo	nizo
class 11		rwo	-arwo	ru-	-ru-	narwo	nurwo
class 12		ko	-ako	ka-	-ka-	nako	nuko
class 13		two	-atwo	tu-	-tu-	natwo	nutwo
class 14		bwo	-abwo	bu-	-bu-	nabwo	nubwo
class 15		kwo	-akwo	ku-	-ku-	nakwo	nukwo
class 16		ho	-aho	ha-	-ha-	naho	nuho
class 17		(kwo)	N/A	ha- (...-yo)	-ha-	N/A	nukwo
class 18		(mwo)	-amwo	ha- (...-mu)	-ha-	N/A	numwo
reflexive		-enyini, -onyini	—		-e-	—

References

• Kaji, Shigeki (2007), A Rutooro Vocabulary‎^[20], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, page 420

Turkish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e/, /æ/

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The sixth letter of the Turkish alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin script letters) harf; Aa, Bb, Cc, Çç, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Ğğ, Hh, Iı, İi, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Öö, Pp, Rr, Ss, Şş, Tt, Uu, Üü, Vv, Yy, Zz

Noun

e

1. The name of the Latin script letter E/e.

See also

• (Latin script letter names) harf; a, be, ce, çe, de, e, fe, ge, yumuşak ge, he, ı, i, je, ke, le, me, ne, o, ö, pe, re, se, şe, te, u, ü, ve, ye, ze ^{(Category: tr:Latin letter names)}

Turkmen

Pronunciation

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /e/

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the Turkmen alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) harp; A a, B b, Ç ç, D d, E e, Ä ä, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, Ž ž, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ň ň, O o, Ö ö, P p, R r, S s, Ş ş, T t, U u, Ü ü, W w, Y y, Ý ý, Z z

Tuvaluan

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Particle

e

1. present tense marker, inserted immediately before the relevant verb

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [ʔɛ˧˧]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [ʔɛ˧˧]
• (Saigon) IPA^(key): [ʔɛ˧˧]

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Portuguese é.

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The eighth letter of the Vietnamese alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Quốc ngữ letters) chữ cái; A a (À à, Ả ả, àã, Á á, Ạ ạ), Ă ă (Ằ ằ, Ẳ ẳ, Ẵ ẵ, Ắ ắ, Ặ ặ),  â (Ầ ầ, Ẩ ẩ, Ẫ ẫ, Ấ ấ, Ậ ậ), B b, C c (Ch ch), D d, Đ đ, E e (È è, Ẻ ẻ, Ẽ ẽ, É é, Ẹ ẹ), Ê ê (Ề ề, Ể ể, Ễ ễ, Ế ế, Ệ ệ), G g (Gh gh, Gi gi), H h, I i (Ì ì, Ỉ ỉ, Ĩ ĩ, Í í, Ị ị), K k (Kh kh), L l, M m, N n (Ng ng, Ngh ngh, Nh nh), O o (Ò ò, Ỏ ỏ, Õ õ, Ó ó, Ọ ọ), Ô ô (Ồ ồ, Ổ ổ, Ỗ ỗ, Ố ố, Ộ ộ), Ơ ơ (Ờ ờ, Ở ở, Ỡ ỡ, Ớ ớ, Ợ ợ), P p (Ph ph), Q q (Qu qu), R r, S s, T t (Th th, Tr tr), U u (Ù ù, Ủ ủ, Ũ ũ, Ú ú, Ụ ụ), Ư ư (Ừ ừ, Ử ử, Ữ ữ, Ứ ứ, Ự ự), V v, X x, Y y (Ỳ ỳ, Ỷ ỷ, Ỹ ỹ, Ý ý, Ỵ ỵ)

Noun

e

1. The name of the Latin script letter E/e.

Etymology 2

Compare Pacoh e (“to guard, to watch over”).

Verb

e • (衣, 㥋, 𢙬, 𠵱, 𠲖, 依)

1. to fear; to be apprehensive, to be afraid

   Tôi e cô ta không đến.

   I am afraid she will not come.

2. to be slightly ashamed

See also

• e ấp
• e dè
• e là
• e ngại
• e rằng
• e sợ
• e thẹn

Etymology 3

Pronoun

e

1. (Internet slang, text messaging) abbreviation of em

Vilamovian

Etymology

Inherited from Middle High German ei, from Old High German ei. Cognate with German Ei.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

e n

1. egg

Volapük

Alternative forms

• (before a vowel) ed

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Conjunction

e

1. and
   • 1932, Arie de Jong, Leerboek der Wereldtaal, page 12:

     Liegikans e pöfikans binons deadöfiks.

     Rich people and poor people are mortal.

Related terms

• ü, üd (“or”)

Welsh

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

• (with grave accent to indicate otherwise unpredictable short vowel): è
• (with acute accent to indicate unusually stressed short vowel): é
• (with circumflex to indicate otherwise unpredictable or unusually stressed long vowel): ê
• (with diaeresis to indicate disyllabicity): ë

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /eː/
• Rhymes: -eː

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The seventh letter of the Welsh alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script; preceded by dd and followed by f.

Mutation

• e cannot be mutated but, being a vowel, does take h-prothesis, for example with the word eliffant (“elephant”):

Mutated forms of eliffant

radical	soft	nasal	h-prothesis
eliffant	unchanged	unchanged	heliffant

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Derived terms

• Digraph sequences: ei, eu, ew, ey

See also

• see other Welsh letters and their names

Noun

e f (plural eau)

1. The name of the Latin script letter E/e.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) llythyren; A a (Á á, À à,  â, Ä ä), B b, C c, Ch ch, D d, Dd dd, E e (É é, È è, Ê ê, Ë ë), F f, Ff ff, G g, Ng ng, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Πî, Ï ï), J j, L l, Ll ll, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ò ò, Ô ô, Ö ö), P p, Ph ph, R r, Rh rh, S s, T t, Th th, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù, Û û, Ü ü), W w (Ẃ ẃ, Ẁ ẁ, Ŵ ŵ, Ẅ ẅ), Y y (Ý ý, Ỳ ỳ, Ŷ ŷ, Ÿ ÿ)

• (Latin-script letter names) llythyren; a, bi, ec, èch, di, èdd, e, èf, èff, èg, eng, aetsh, i / i dot, je, ce, el, èll, em, en, o, pi, ffi, ciw, er, rhi, ès, ti, èth, u / u bedol / u gwpan, fi, w, ecs, y, sèd

Mutation

Mutated forms of e

radical	soft	nasal	h-prothesis
e	unchanged	unchanged	he

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Etymology 2

Reduction of literary ef

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /eː/, /ɛ/

Pronoun

e

1. he, him

Usage notes

E is used predominantly in the south of Wales, while o is used in the north, with fe and fo as variants of e and o respectively. In formal Welsh, the equivalent pronoun is ef.

West Makian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e/

Verb

e

1. (transitive) to fetch
2. (transitive) to take

Conjugation

Conjugation of e (action verb)

		singular	plural
			inclusive	exclusive
1st person		tee	mee	ae
2nd person		nee	fee
3rd person	inanimate	ie	dee
	animate
imperative		nee, e	fee, e

References

• Clemens Voorhoeve (1982), The Makian languages and their neighbours‎^[21], Pacific linguistics

Yele

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛ/

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. A letter of the Yele alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Derived terms

• The digraph ⟨ee⟩ transcribes the long vowel /ɛː/
• The digraph ⟨꞉e⟩ transcribes the nasal vowel /ɛ̃/
• The trigraph ⟨꞉ee⟩ transcribes the long nasal vowel /ɛ̃ː/

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, â, b, Ch ch, D d, e, é, ê, Gh gh, i, î, j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ń ń, o, ó, P p, T t, U u, V v, W w, Y y, ꞉

Yola

Article

e

1. alternative form of a (“one”)
   • 1927, “YOLA ZONG O BARONY VORTH”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 132, line 11:

     Fan the loughraan itzel feight e big bawl,

     When the ghost itself gave a loud bawl,

References

• Kathleen A. Browne (1927), “THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD.”, in Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of lreland (Sixth Series)‎^[22], volume 17, number 2, Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, page 132

Yoruba

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /e/
• (letter name): IPA^(key): /é/

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The fourth letter of the Yoruba alphabet, called é and written in the Latin script.

Noun

é

1. The name of the Latin script letter E/e.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) lẹ́tà; A a (Á á, À à, Ā ā), B b, D d, E e (É é, È è, Ē ē), Ẹ ẹ (Ẹ́ ẹ́, Ẹ̀ ẹ̀, Ẹ̄ ẹ̄), F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Ī ī), J j, K k, L l, M m (Ḿ ḿ, M̀ m̀, M̄ m̄), N n (Ń ń, Ǹ ǹ, N̄ n̄), O o (Ó ó, Ò ò, Ō ō), Ọ ọ (Ọ́ ọ́, Ọ̀ ọ̀, Ọ̄ ọ̄), P p, R r, S s, Ṣ ṣ, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù, Ū ū), W w, Y y
• (Benin)
• (Latin-script letters) lɛ́tà; A a, B b, D d, E e, Ɛ ɛ, F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i, J j, K k, Kp kp, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ɔ ɔ, P p, R r, S s, Sh sh, T t, U u, W w, Y y

• (Latin-script letter names) lẹ́tà; á, bí, dí, é, ẹ́, fí, gí, gbì, hí, í, jí, kí, lí, mí, ní, ó, ọ́, pí, rí, sí, ṣí, tí, ú, wí, yí

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• (mid-tone): IPA^(key): /ē/
• (high-tone): IPA^(key): /é/

Pronoun

e

1. him, her, it (third-person singular object pronoun following a monosyllabic verb with a high-tone /e/)

Pronoun

é

1. him, her, it (third-person singular object pronoun following a monosyllabic verb with a low- or mid-tone /e/)

Zazaki

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The fourth letter of the Zazaki alphabet, called ê and written in the Latin script.

Interjection

e

1. yes

Particle

e

1. yes

Antonyms

• nê

Zulu

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the Zulu alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z