Перевод: со всех языков на английский

this is how I understand

1 comprendre

comprendre [kɔ̃pʀɑ̃dʀ]

➭ TABLE 58 transitive verb

a. ( = être composé de) to comprise ; ( = être muni de, inclure) to include

• ce manuel comprend trois parties this textbook has three parts

• le loyer ne comprend pas le chauffage the rent doesn't include heating

b. [+ problème, langue, plaisanterie] to understand

• vous m'avez mal compris you've misunderstood me

• il ne comprend pas la plaisanterie he can't take a joke

• c'est à n'y rien comprendre it's completely baffling

• se faire comprendre to make o.s. understood

• j'espère que je me suis bien fait comprendre I hope I've made myself quite clear

• il comprend vite he catches on fast

• tu comprends, ce que je veux c'est... you see, what I want is...

• il n'a pas encore compris la gravité de son acte he still hasn't grasped the seriousness of what he has done

• j'ai compris ma douleur (inf) I realized what I'd let myself in for (inf)

* * *
kɔ̃pʀɑ̃dʀ
1.

verbe transitif

1) ( saisir le sens de) to understand

si je comprends bien — if I understand correctly

il m'a dit son nom au téléphone mais je n'ai pas bien compris — he told me his name on the phone but I didn't quite catch it

ne te mêles pas de cela, tu as compris or c'est compris! — keep out of it, do you hear ou understand?

il ne comprend rien à rien — he hasn't got a clue

c'est à n'y rien comprendre — it's completely baffling

mal comprendre quelqu'un/quelque chose — to misunderstand somebody/something

être compris comme une menace — to be interpreted as a threat

comprendre quelque chose de travers — (colloq) to get something all wrong

se faire comprendre — to make oneself understood

être lent à comprendre — to be slow on the uptake

2) ( se rendre compte de) to understand

ce n'est pas facile, je comprends — it's not easy, I realize that

je n'ai pas le temps, tu comprends — you see, I haven't got time

3) ( admettre) to understand [attitude, sentiment]; ( faire preuve de compréhension envers) to understand [person]

je comprends qu'il soit furieux — I can understand his anger

comme je le comprends! — I understand him exactly

4) ( se faire une idée de) to see [métier, vie]

5) ( être totalement constitué de) to consist of, to comprise

6) ( être partiellement constitué de) to include

2.

se comprendre verbe pronominal

1) [personnes] ( l'un l'autre) to understand each other ou one another

2) ( soi-même)

je me comprends — I know what I'm trying to say

3) ( être compréhensible) [attitude, sentiment] to be understandable

4) ( être compris)

le terme doit se comprendre ici dans son sens large — the term is to be understood ou taken in its broadest sense

* * *
kɔ̃pʀɑ̃dʀ vt
1) to understand

Je ne comprends pas ce que vous dites. — I don't understand what you're saying.

mal comprendre — to misunderstand

J'ai dû mal comprendre. — I must have misunderstood.

Je la comprends mal, c'est à cause de son accent. — I can't understand her, it's because of her accent.

se faire comprendre — to make o.s. understood, (ses intentions) to get one's ideas across

On peut le comprendre, mais cela n'excuse en rien son acte. — You can understand him, but that's no excuse for what he did.

Sa femme ne le comprend pas. — His wife doesn't understand him.

2) (= se composer de) to comprise, to consist of

3) (= inclure) to include

Le forfait ne comprend pas la location des skis. — The price doesn't include ski hire.

* * *

comprendre verb table: prendre

A vtr

1 ( saisir le sens de) to understand; si je comprends bien if I understand correctly; je ne comprends rien à ce qu'il raconte I don't understand a word of what he's saying; je ne comprends rien aux mathématiques I don't understand anything about mathematics; dois-je comprendre que tu n'as pas fini? am I to understand ou to take it that you haven't finished?; je ne suis pas certain d'avoir bien compris I'm not sure I got it right; il m'a dit son nom au téléphone mais je n'ai pas bien compris he told me his name on the phone but I didn't quite catch it; ne te mêles pas de cela, tu as compris or c'est compris! keep out of it, do you hear ou understand?; je ne veux pas que cela se reproduise, tu m'as (bien) compris! it mustn't happen again, have you got that quite clear?; est-ce que tu as compris quelque chose au cours? did you understand any of the lecture?; ‘pourquoi a-t-elle fait cela?’-‘vas-y comprendre quelque chose!’ ‘why did she do that?’-‘I've no idea!’; il ne comprend rien à rien he hasn't got a clue; c'est à n'y rien comprendre it's completely baffling; mal comprendre qn/qch to misunderstand sb/sth; être compris comme ironique to be taken ironically; être compris comme une menace to be interpreted as a threat; comprendre qch de travers○ to get sth all wrong; se faire comprendre to make oneself understood; être lent à comprendre to be slow on the uptake; (qu'est-ce que) tu comprends vite! iron you're quick! iron; tu as tout compris! iron aren't you clever! iron; tu comprends vite mais il faut t'expliquer longtemps! hum so the penny's finally dropped!; comprenne qui pourra! make of it what you will!;

2 ( se rendre compte de) to understand; faire comprendre qch à qn to make sb understand sth; faire comprendre à qn que to make it clear to sb that; ce n'est pas facile, je comprends it's not easy, I realize that; je n'ai pas le temps, tu comprends you see, I haven't got time; oui mais tu comprends ils ne paient pas de loyer yes, but you see they don't pay any rent;

3 ( admettre) to understand [attitude, sentiment]; ( faire preuve de compréhension envers) to understand [person]; je comprends qu'il soit furieux I can understand his anger; je suis fatigué tu peux comprendre cela? can't you understand I'm tired?; je suis prêt à comprendre beaucoup de choses, mais n'en abuse pas I'm usually very understanding, but don't push it○; essaie de me comprendre try to understand; il n'a jamais rien compris aux femmes he has never understood a thing about women; comme je le comprends! I understand him exactly;

4 ( se faire une idée de) to see [métier, vie, mariage]; comment comprends-tu ton rôle dans le projet? how do you see your role in the project?;

5 ( être totalement constitué de) [comité, salaire] to be made up of; [équipement, boîte à outils] to consist of, to comprise; [méthode d'apprentissage, maison, immeuble, pièce] to comprise; [programme, formation] to consist of, to comprise; [prix] to include, to cover; notre association ne comprend que des médecins the members of our association are all doctors;

6 ( être partiellement constitué de) to include; l'équipe comprend plusieurs joueurs étrangers the team includes several foreign players;

7 ( compter) to include [TVA, prix, personnes].

B se comprendre vpr

1 [personnes] ( l'un l'autre) to understand each other ou one another;

2 ( soi-même) je me comprends I know what I'm trying to say;

3 ( être compréhensible) [attitude, sentiment] to be understandable;

4 ( être compris) [terme, mot, expression] le terme doit se comprendre ici dans son sens large the term is to be understood ou taken in its broadest sense.

[kɔ̃prɑ̃dr] verbe transitif

A.

1. [saisir par un raisonnement] to understand

il comprend vite mais il faut lui expliquer longtemps! (humoristique) he's a bit slow on the uptake!

c'est à n'y rien comprendre it's just baffling

(c'est) compris?

a. [vous avez suivi] is it clear?, do you understand?

b. [c'est un ordre] do you hear me!

(c'est) compris! all right!, OK!

faire comprendre quelque chose à quelqu'un

a. [le lui prouver] to make something clear to somebody

b. [l'en informer] to give somebody to understand something

se faire comprendre: est-ce que je me fais bien comprendre?

a. [mon exposé est-il clair?] is my explanation clear enough?

b. [ton menaçant] do I make myself clear?

quand j'ai vu la pile de dossiers, j'ai compris mon malheur ou ma douleur! when I saw that great pile of files, I knew what I was in for!

(en usage absolu)

elle a fini par comprendre [se résigner] she finally got the message

ça va, j'ai compris, tu préfères que je m'en aille! OK, I get the message, you want me to go!

2. [saisir grâce à ses connaissances - théorie, langue] to understand

se faire comprendre to make oneself understood

3. [saisir par une intuition] to understand, to realize

comprends-tu l'importance d'une telle décision? do you realize how important a decision it is?

je commence à comprendre où il veut en venir I'm beginning to realize what he's after

4. [admettre] to understand

je comprends qu'on s'énerve dans les bouchons it's quite understandable that people get irritable when caught in traffic jams

(en usage absolu)

elle n'a pas osé, il faut comprendre (aussi)! she didn't dare, you have to put yourself in her shoes!

5. [concevoir] to understand, to see

c'est ainsi que je comprends le rôle this is how I understand ou see the part

(en usage absolu) [pour établir un lien avec l'interlocuteur]

tu comprends?, comprends-tu? you see?, you know?

6. [avoir les mêmes sentiments que] to understand, to sympathize with

elle comprend les jeunes she understands young people

je vous comprends, cela a dû être terrible I know how you feel, it must have been awful

je la comprends, avec un mari pareil! I don't blame her with the sort of husband she's got!

7. [apprécier] to have a feeling for, to understand

il ne comprend pas la plaisanterie he can't take a joke

B.

1. [être composé entièrement de] to contain, to be made up ou to be comprised ou to consist of

2. [être composé en partie de] to include, to contain

l'équipe comprend trois joueurs étrangers there are three foreign players in the team

3. [englober - frais, taxe] to include

4. (au passif) [se situer]

l'inflation sera comprise entre 5 % et 8 % inflation will be (somewhere) between 5% and 8%

la partie comprise entre la table et le mur the section between the table and the wall

————————

se comprendre verbe pronominal

(emploi passif) to be understandable

cela se comprend, ça se comprend that's quite understandable

————————

se comprendre verbe pronominal

(emploi réciproque) to understand one another

————————

se comprendre verbe pronominal

(emploi réfléchi) (familier & locution)

je me comprends! I know what I'm getting at (even if others don't)!

dire qu'on a compris/qu'on n'a pas compris

I see (what you mean now). Je vois (ce que vous voulez dire)

I understand. Je comprends

I think I've got it now. Ça y est, je crois que j'ai compris

I'm sorry, I don't follow you. Pardon, mais je ne vous suis pas

I'm sorry, I still don't understand/it's still not very clear. Désolé, mais je ne comprends toujours pas/ce n'est toujours pas très clair

I'm afraid you've lost me. Je ne vous suis plus

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > comprendre
2 intendere

( comprendere) understand

( udire) hear

( voler dire) mean

( avere intenzione) intend

( pretendere) want

s'intende! naturally!, of course!

* * *

intendere v.tr.

1 (capire) to understand*: mi fece intendere che non voleva venire, he made it clear to me that he did not want to come; la frase non è chiara, ecco come l'intendo io, the sentence isn't clear, this is how I understand it; il brano può essere inteso in modi diversi, this piece can be interpreted in a number of different ways; intendere a rovescio, to misunderstand; mi diede a intendere che l'aveva fatto, he gave me to believe that he had done it; ha cercato di darmela a intendere ma non gli ho creduto, he tried to fool me but I didn't believe him // s'intende che verrà anche la tua famiglia, it goes without saying that your family will be coming too // intendere ragione, to listen to reason: Non intende ragioni! Vuole partire e basta!, He won't listen to reason! He wants to leave and that's that!

2 (significare) to mean*, to intend; (interpretare) to understand*, to interpret: che cosa intendi con questo?, what do you mean by this?

3 (avere intenzione di) to intend, to propose, to mean*, to be going to: che cosa intendi fare?, what do you intend (o propose) to do? (o doing?) (o what are you going to do? o what do you mean to do?); intendo provare ancora, I intend to try (o trying) again; non intendevo offenderti, I didn't mean to hurt your feelings; non intendo essere preso in giro, I don't want to be laughed at

4 (udire) to hear*: dillo ancora, per piacere, non ti ho inteso, say it again, please, I didn't hear you; ho inteso dire che è partito per l'America, I have heard that he has left for America.

◘ intendersi v.intr.pron. (aver cognizione di) to be a (good) judge, to be an expert (in sthg.), to know* (about sthg.): non m'intendo di pittura, I am no judge of painting; non mi intendo di queste cose, I know nothing about these things

◆ v.rifl.rec.

1 (mettersi d'accordo, capirsi) to come* to an agreement, to come* to terms, to agree: non ci siamo intesi sul prezzo, we didn't agree on the price; spero che essi s'intendano, I hope they will come to an agreement; purtroppo ci siamo intesi male e non ci siamo trovati, unfortunately we misunderstood each other and we didn't meet // ci siamo intesi?, is it clear?; intendiamoci bene!, let this be quite clear!

2 (andare d'accordo) to get* on (well) with (s.o.): quei due ragazzi non s'intendono, non fanno che litigare, those two boys do not get on, they do nothing but quarrel // intendersela con qlcu., to have an understanding with s.o.; (avere una relazione amorosa) to have an affair with s.o.

* * *

1. [in'tɛndere]
vb irreg vt
1)

(avere intenzione) intendere fare qc — to intend o mean to do sth, have the intention of doing sth

non intendo farlo — I have no intention of doing it, I don't intend to do it

2) (significare) to mean

cosa intendevi (dire)? — what did you mean?

dipende da cosa intendi per "giustizia" — it depends what you mean by "justice"

3) (capire) to understand

mi ha dato a intendere che... — he led me to believe that...

ha lasciato intendere che... — he gave (me o us) to understand that...

ma io non la intendo così — I don't see things that way

puoi intenderla come vuoi — you can take it how you like

non riesce a farsi intendere — he cannot make himself understood

s'intende! — naturally!, of course!

s'intende che verrai anche tu! — you'll be coming too, of course!

4) (udire) to hear

ho inteso dire che... — I've heard (it said) that...

non vuole intendere ragione — he won't listen to reason

2. vr (intendersi)

(uso reciproco: capirsi) to understand each other, get on (well)

intendersi con qn su qc — (accordarsi) to come to an agreement with sb about sth

intendiamoci — let's get it quite clear

ci siamo intesi? — is that clear?, is that understood?

cominciamo a intenderci — we're beginning to understand each other

3. vip (intendersi)

1) (conoscere bene)

intendersi di qc — to know a lot about sth, (cibi, vini) to be a connoisseur of sth

si intende di fotografia — she knows about photography

me ne intendo poco — I know very little about it

2) (avere una relazione amorosa)

intendersela (con qn) — to have an affair with sb

* * *
[in'tɛndere] 1.
verbo transitivo

1) (capire) to understand*

fare o lasciare intendere che to imply o suggest that; dare a intendere a qcn. che to give sb. to believe o understand (that); non diede a intendere che sapeva he gave no hint of knowing; intendere qcs. male to misunderstand sth.; non vuole intendere ragione he won't listen to reason; s'intende of course, naturally; essere capace di intendere e di volere dir. to be compos mentis o of sound mind; (concepire) intendere la politica come un mestiere — to see politics as a job

2) (avere intenzione di) to intend

non intendo rimanere — I have no intention of staying

cosa intendi dire (con questo)? — what do you mean (by that)?

non intende farti male — he doesn't mean you any harm

intendevo farlo comunque — I was planning to do that anyway

3) (sentire) to hear* [ rumore]
2.
verbo pronominale intendersi

1) (capirsi)

intendiamoci... — mind you..., let's get this straight...

tanto per intenderci... — just to make things clear...

ci siamo intesi al volo — we understood each other immediately

2) (andare d'accordo)

-rsi con qcn. — to get on o along with sb.

- rsi a meraviglia — to get on o along famously, to get on like a house on fire

3) (comunicare)

- rsi a gesti — to communicate by gestures

4) (essere esperto)

- rsi di — to know about [musica, cinema]

5) (accordarsi)

non ci siamo intesi sul prezzo — we didn't agree on the price

6) intendersela (avere una relazione)

se la intendono — they are having an affair; (complottare)

intendersela con qcn. — to be in league with sb

••

chi ha orecchie per intendere, intenda — a word to the wise

* * *

intendere

/in'tεndere/ [10]

I verbo transitivo

1 (capire) to understand*; fare o lasciare intendere che to imply o suggest that; dare a intendere a qcn. che to give sb. to believe o understand (that); non diede a intendere che sapeva he gave no hint of knowing; intendere qcs. male to misunderstand sth.; non vuole intendere ragione he won't listen to reason; s'intende of course, naturally; essere capace di intendere e di volere dir. to be compos mentis o of sound mind; (concepire) intendere la politica come un mestiere to see politics as a job

2 (avere intenzione di) to intend; non intendo rimanere I have no intention of staying; cosa intendi dire (con questo)? what do you mean (by that)? non intende farti male he doesn't mean you any harm; intendevo farlo comunque I was planning to do that anyway

3 (sentire) to hear* [ rumore]

II intendersi verbo pronominale

1 (capirsi) intendiamoci... mind you..., let's get this straight...; tanto per intenderci... just to make things clear...; ci siamo intesi al volo we understood each other immediately

2 (andare d'accordo) -rsi con qcn. to get on o along with sb.; - rsi a meraviglia to get on o along famously, to get on like a house on fire

3 (comunicare) - rsi a gesti to communicate by gestures

4 (essere esperto) - rsi di to know about [musica, cinema]

5 (accordarsi) non ci siamo intesi sul prezzo we didn't agree on the price

6 intendersela (avere una relazione) se la intendono they are having an affair; (complottare) intendersela con qcn. to be in league with sb.

IDIOMS

chi ha orecchie per intendere, intenda a word to the wise.

Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > intendere
3 entender

m.

understanding, grasp.

Su entender era limitado Her understanding was limited.

v.

1 to understand.

ahora entiendo lo que quieres decir now I understand o know what you mean

no te entiendo, habla más despacio I don't understand you, could you speak more slowly?

no entiendo cómo puede gustarte Arturo I don't know what you see in Arturo

no entiendo nada, ¿no deberían haber llegado ya? I just can't understand it, surely they were supposed to have arrived by now

¡no hay quien te entienda! you're impossible!

¿tú qué entiendes por “amistad”? what do you understand by “friendship”?

dar a entender que… to imply (that)…

hasta que no llegue no podemos empezar, ¿entiendes? we can't start until she gets here, all right?

Ella entiende la lección She understands the lesson.

Elsa entendió al fin Elsa understood at last.

2 to think.

yo no lo entiendo así I don't see it that way

3 to figure out, to digest, to get clear, to get to know.

Elsa entendió el motivo Elsa figured out the motive.

* * *

ENTENDER

CONJUGACIÓN

(e changes to ie in stressed syllables)

Present Indicative

entiendo, entiendes, entiende, entendemos, entendéis, entienden.

Present Subjunctive

entienda, entiendas, entienda, entendamos, entendáis, entiendan.

Imperative

entiende (tú), entienda (él/Vd.), entendamos (nos.), entended (vos.), entiendan (ellos/Vds.).

* * *

verb

1) to understand

2) think, believe

•

- entender de

* * *

1. VT

1) (=comprender) to understand

no he entendido la pregunta — I didn't understand the question

ahora lo entiendo todo — now I understand everything

entiendo un poco de francés — I (can) understand a little French

la verdad es que no entiendo el chiste — I don't really get o understand the joke

lo has entendido todo al revés — you've got it all wrong

no entiendo tu letra — I can't read your writing

no entiendo cómo has podido hacer eso — I don't understand o know how you could do that

¡a ti no hay quien te entienda! — you're impossible to understand!

que no te vuelva a ver fumando ¿me has entendido? — don't let me catch you smoking again, do you understand?

¿entiendes lo que te quiero decir? — do you know what I mean?, do you know what I'm trying to say?

es un poco rarito, tú ya me entiendes — he's a bit odd, if you know what I mean

• dar algo a entender — to imply sth

dio a entender que no le gustaba — he implied that he didn't like it

nos dieron a entender que querían marcharse — they gave us to understand o led us to believe that they wanted to leave

según él me dio a entender, no está contento en su trabajo — from what he said to me, he is not happy in his job, he gave me to understand that he is not happy in his job

• hacer entender algo a algn — to make sb understand sth

• hacerse entender — to make o.s. understood

• entender mal — to misunderstand

si no he entendido mal, esto es lo que queréis decir — unless I've misunderstood what you're saying, this is what you mean

no quiero que me entiendas mal — don't get me wrong

• no entendió ni una palabra — he didn't understand a word of it

no entendí una palabra de lo que dijo — I didn't understand a word he said

no entiendo ni una palabra de ordenadores — I don't understand a thing about computers

no entender ni jota o ni patata * —

no entendí ni jota o ni una patata de lo que decían — I didn't have a clue what they were on about

no entiendo ni jota de alemán — * I don't understand a single word of German

2) (=opinar) to think, believe

entiendo que sería mejor decírselo — I think o believe it would be better to tell him

yo entiendo que no es correcto hacerlo así — I don't think o believe that that's the right way to do it

3) (=interpretar) to understand

¿tú qué entiendes por libertad? — what do you understand by freedom?

¿debo entender que lo niegas? — am I to understand that you deny it?

me ha parecido entender que estaban en contra — I understood that they were against it, as I understand it they were against it

cada uno entiende el amor a su manera — everyone sees love differently, everyone understands something different by love

4) * (=saber manejar) to know how to use, know how to work

¿tú entiendes esta lavadora? — do you know how this washing machine works?, do you know how to use this washing machine?

5) (=oír) to hear

no se entiende nada — I can't make out o hear a thing

2. VI

1) (=comprender) to understand

¡ya entiendo! — now I understand!, now I get it!

la vida es así ¿entiendes? — that's life, you know

• entender de algo — to know about sth

no entiendo de vinos — I don't know much about wine

Luis sí que entiende de mujeres — Luis certainly knows a thing or two about women

no entender de barcos —

si le preguntas cualquier cosa, él no entiende de barcos — if you ask him something, he makes out he doesn't know anything about anything

2) (Jur) (=tener competencia)

entiende en divorcios — he hears divorce cases

entender en un asunto — to be in charge of an affair

3) [perro, gato]

entiende por Moncho — he answers to the name of Moncho

4) ** (=ser homosexual) to be one of them *

3.

See:

entenderse

* * *
I 1.
verbo transitivo

1)

a) <explicación/idioma/actitud> to understand

no te entiendo la letra — I can't read your writing

no se le entiende nada — you can't understand anything she says

lo entendió todo al revés — he got it all completely wrong

todavía no he entendido el chiste — I still haven't got(ten) the joke

¿entiendes lo que quiero decir? — do you know what I mean?

se entiende que no quiera ir — it is understandable that he doesn't want to go

b) < persona> to understand

tú ya me entiendes — you know what I mean

me has entendido mal — you've misunderstood me

se hace entender or (AmL) se da a entender — he makes himself understood

no hay quien te entienda! — you're impossible!

te entiendo perfectamente — I know exactly what you mean

2) (frml)

a) (concebir, opinar)

no es así como yo entiendo la amistad — this is not how I see o understand friendship

yo entiendo que deberíamos esperar — in my view o as I see it, we should wait

b) (interpretar, deducir)

¿debo entender que te vas? — am I to understand that you're leaving?

me dio a entender que... — she gave me to understand that...

lo dio a entender — she implied it
2.
entender vi

1) ( comprender) to understand

(ya) entiendo — I understand, I see

2) ( saber)

entender de algo — to know about something

¿tú entiendes de estas cosas? — do you know anything about these things?

3) (Der)

entender en un caso — to hear a case
3.
entenderse v pron

1)

a) ( comunicarse)

entenderse con alguien — to communicate with somebody

se entienden por señas — they communicate (with each other) through signs

a ver si nos entendemos ¿quién te pegó? — let's get this straight, who hit you?

b) ( llevarse bien)

lo que pasa es que no nos entendemos — the thing is we just don't get on very well

entenderse con alguien — to get along o on with somebody

c) ( tratar)

entenderse con alguien — to deal with somebody

es mejor entenderse directamente con el jefe — you are advised to deal directly with the boss

allá se las entienda — (fam) that's his/her problem

entendérselas con alguien — to fix something up with somebody

d) (fam) ( tener un lío amoroso)

entenderse con alguien — to have an affair with somebody

2) (refl)

déjame, yo me entiendo — leave me alone, I know what I'm doing
II
masculino

a mi/tu/su entender — in my/your/his opinion, to my/your/his mind

* * *

= come to + grips with, cut through, grasp, have + some grasp, make + sense (out) of, understand, get to + grips with, make + sense of life, sympathise [sympathize, -USA], sympathise [sympathize, -USA], get + a grip on, provide + an understanding, catch + Posesivo + drift, get + Posesivo + drift, have + a handle on, fathom, get + Posesivo + head around, wrap + Posesivo + head around, get + a handle on.

Ex. Right now the management team is beginning to come to grips with our annual budget process, as it does every year.

Ex. Publishers attempting to cut through this nomenclature morass can check with the library's administration.

Ex. She must try to convince him that no single individual, no matter how gifted, can any longer grasp the innumerable facets of modern corporate effort.

Ex. It is necessary to have some grasp of some fundamental aspects of computerized information-retrieval systems.

Ex. The resultant guiding must be clear, by being both easy to read and easy to make sense of.

Ex. They assume only that the reader has some knowledge of the subject, so that the abstract can be understood.

Ex. The Treasure has made good use of a number of methodologies in getting to grips with the principles and applications of information management.

Ex. This manual is an indispensable companion to all those who are keen to make sense of life in an infinitely complex and confusing Internet.

Ex. In World War 2 librarians generally sympathised with Britain, but many were isolationist or apathetic during the early years = En la Segunda Guerra Mundial los bibliotecarios generalmente simpatizaban con Gran Bretaña, aunque muchos mantuvieron una actitud no intervencionista o indiferente durante los primeros años.

Ex. In World War 2 librarians generally sympathised with Britain, but many were isolationist or apathetic during the early years = En la Segunda Guerra Mundial los bibliotecarios generalmente simpatizaban con Gran Bretaña, aunque muchos mantuvieron una actitud no intervencionista o indiferente durante los primeros años.

Ex. The article ' Getting a grip on change' argues that only by confronting the challenges and inevitability of change can libraries retain their relevancy in the information age.

Ex. The results of two studies of the way reference librarians work were pooled to provide an understanding of the important features necessary in software for computerized reference work.

Ex. Shariel sighed and rolled her eyes a little, as Akanan clearly didn't catch her drift.

Ex. 'Nah,' Kate chuckled, getting her drift, and then said 'I would've just barged in there and dared them to throw me out!'.

Ex. 'I sure wish I had a better handle on this contract language,' he said.

Ex. As she ascended the staircase to the library director's office, she tried to fathom the reason for the imperious summons.

Ex. You are not quite sure how one man could get his head around this at the time, but he managed, in a masterful way.

Ex. Sleuthing is like second-nature to her, and she can't possibly wrap her head around the concept of renouncing it completely.

Ex. Children get a handle on personal responsibility by holding a library card of their own, a card that gives them access to new worlds.

----

* a mi entender = to my mind.

* a + Posesivo + entender = to the best of + Posesivo + belief.

* a + Posesivo + saber y entender = to the best of + Posesivo + knowledge and belief.

* ayudar a entender mejor = lend + understanding to.

* dar a entender = give to + understand, hint, send + a clear signal that, lull + Nombre + into thinking, insinuate, intimate.

* de forma que resulta más fácil de entender = in digestible form.

* difícil de entender = cryptic.

* entender a medias = pick up + the fag-ends.

* entender mal = misunderstand, misconceive, mishearing, mishearing, mishear.

* entender mejor = place + Nombre + in/into + perspective, put into + perspective, gain + a better sense of, get + a better sense of.

* entenderse = interoperate [inter-operate], hit it off.

* entenderse que indica = take to + indicate.

* fácil de entender = easy to understand.

* hablar sin ser entendido = speak in + tongues, talk in + tongues.

* hacer entender = get across.

* hacerse entender = make + Posesivo + meaning plain.

* malentender = misconstrue.

* más fácil de entender para nosotros = closer to home.

* no entender = be beyond + Pronombre.

* no entender Algo = go (way) over + Posesivo + head.

* no entender lo esencial = miss + the point.

* no entender ni una papa de = can't make head(s) or tail(s) of.

* no llegar a entender = miss + the mark, miss + the point.

* según nuestro entender = as far as we know.

* según + Pronombre + entender = it + be + Posesivo + understanding, Pronombre + understanding + be.

* * *
I 1.
verbo transitivo

1)

a) <explicación/idioma/actitud> to understand

no te entiendo la letra — I can't read your writing

no se le entiende nada — you can't understand anything she says

lo entendió todo al revés — he got it all completely wrong

todavía no he entendido el chiste — I still haven't got(ten) the joke

¿entiendes lo que quiero decir? — do you know what I mean?

se entiende que no quiera ir — it is understandable that he doesn't want to go

b) < persona> to understand

tú ya me entiendes — you know what I mean

me has entendido mal — you've misunderstood me

se hace entender or (AmL) se da a entender — he makes himself understood

no hay quien te entienda! — you're impossible!

te entiendo perfectamente — I know exactly what you mean

2) (frml)

a) (concebir, opinar)

no es así como yo entiendo la amistad — this is not how I see o understand friendship

yo entiendo que deberíamos esperar — in my view o as I see it, we should wait

b) (interpretar, deducir)

¿debo entender que te vas? — am I to understand that you're leaving?

me dio a entender que... — she gave me to understand that...

lo dio a entender — she implied it
2.
entender vi

1) ( comprender) to understand

(ya) entiendo — I understand, I see

2) ( saber)

entender de algo — to know about something

¿tú entiendes de estas cosas? — do you know anything about these things?

3) (Der)

entender en un caso — to hear a case
3.
entenderse v pron

1)

a) ( comunicarse)

entenderse con alguien — to communicate with somebody

se entienden por señas — they communicate (with each other) through signs

a ver si nos entendemos ¿quién te pegó? — let's get this straight, who hit you?

b) ( llevarse bien)

lo que pasa es que no nos entendemos — the thing is we just don't get on very well

entenderse con alguien — to get along o on with somebody

c) ( tratar)

entenderse con alguien — to deal with somebody

es mejor entenderse directamente con el jefe — you are advised to deal directly with the boss

allá se las entienda — (fam) that's his/her problem

entendérselas con alguien — to fix something up with somebody

d) (fam) ( tener un lío amoroso)

entenderse con alguien — to have an affair with somebody

2) (refl)

déjame, yo me entiendo — leave me alone, I know what I'm doing
II
masculino

a mi/tu/su entender — in my/your/his opinion, to my/your/his mind

* * *

= come to + grips with, cut through, grasp, have + some grasp, make + sense (out) of, understand, get to + grips with, make + sense of life, sympathise [sympathize, -USA], sympathise [sympathize, -USA], get + a grip on, provide + an understanding, catch + Posesivo + drift, get + Posesivo + drift, have + a handle on, fathom, get + Posesivo + head around, wrap + Posesivo + head around, get + a handle on.

Ex: Right now the management team is beginning to come to grips with our annual budget process, as it does every year.

Ex: Publishers attempting to cut through this nomenclature morass can check with the library's administration.

Ex: She must try to convince him that no single individual, no matter how gifted, can any longer grasp the innumerable facets of modern corporate effort.

Ex: It is necessary to have some grasp of some fundamental aspects of computerized information-retrieval systems.

Ex: The resultant guiding must be clear, by being both easy to read and easy to make sense of.

Ex: They assume only that the reader has some knowledge of the subject, so that the abstract can be understood.

Ex: The Treasure has made good use of a number of methodologies in getting to grips with the principles and applications of information management.

Ex: This manual is an indispensable companion to all those who are keen to make sense of life in an infinitely complex and confusing Internet.

Ex: In World War 2 librarians generally sympathised with Britain, but many were isolationist or apathetic during the early years = En la Segunda Guerra Mundial los bibliotecarios generalmente simpatizaban con Gran Bretaña, aunque muchos mantuvieron una actitud no intervencionista o indiferente durante los primeros años.

Ex: In World War 2 librarians generally sympathised with Britain, but many were isolationist or apathetic during the early years = En la Segunda Guerra Mundial los bibliotecarios generalmente simpatizaban con Gran Bretaña, aunque muchos mantuvieron una actitud no intervencionista o indiferente durante los primeros años.

Ex: The article ' Getting a grip on change' argues that only by confronting the challenges and inevitability of change can libraries retain their relevancy in the information age.

Ex: The results of two studies of the way reference librarians work were pooled to provide an understanding of the important features necessary in software for computerized reference work.

Ex: Shariel sighed and rolled her eyes a little, as Akanan clearly didn't catch her drift.

Ex: 'Nah,' Kate chuckled, getting her drift, and then said 'I would've just barged in there and dared them to throw me out!'.

Ex: 'I sure wish I had a better handle on this contract language,' he said.

Ex: As she ascended the staircase to the library director's office, she tried to fathom the reason for the imperious summons.

Ex: You are not quite sure how one man could get his head around this at the time, but he managed, in a masterful way.

Ex: Sleuthing is like second-nature to her, and she can't possibly wrap her head around the concept of renouncing it completely.

Ex: Children get a handle on personal responsibility by holding a library card of their own, a card that gives them access to new worlds.

* a mi entender = to my mind.

* a + Posesivo + entender = to the best of + Posesivo + belief.

* a + Posesivo + saber y entender = to the best of + Posesivo + knowledge and belief.

* ayudar a entender mejor = lend + understanding to.

* dar a entender = give to + understand, hint, send + a clear signal that, lull + Nombre + into thinking, insinuate, intimate.

* de forma que resulta más fácil de entender = in digestible form.

* difícil de entender = cryptic.

* entender a medias = pick up + the fag-ends.

* entender mal = misunderstand, misconceive, mishearing, mishearing, mishear.

* entender mejor = place + Nombre + in/into + perspective, put into + perspective, gain + a better sense of, get + a better sense of.

* entenderse = interoperate [inter-operate], hit it off.

* entenderse que indica = take to + indicate.

* fácil de entender = easy to understand.

* hablar sin ser entendido = speak in + tongues, talk in + tongues.

* hacer entender = get across.

* hacerse entender = make + Posesivo + meaning plain.

* malentender = misconstrue.

* más fácil de entender para nosotros = closer to home.

* no entender = be beyond + Pronombre.

* no entender Algo = go (way) over + Posesivo + head.

* no entender lo esencial = miss + the point.

* no entender ni una papa de = can't make head(s) or tail(s) of.

* no llegar a entender = miss + the mark, miss + the point.

* según nuestro entender = as far as we know.

* según + Pronombre + entender = it + be + Posesivo + understanding, Pronombre + understanding + be.

* * *

entender¹ [E8 ]

vt

A

1 ‹explicación/libro/idioma› to understand; ‹actitud/motivos› to understand

yo no te entiendo la letra I can't read your writing

no se le entiende nada you can't understand anything she says

lo has entendido todo al revés you've got(ten) it all completely wrong, you've got the wrong end of the stick ( BrE colloq)

no hablo el alemán, pero lo entiendo I don't speak German, but I can understand it

yo todavía no he entendido el chiste I still haven't got(ten) the joke

y que no se vuelva a repetir ¿lo has entendido bien? and don't let it happen again, (do you) understand? o have you got that?

¿entiendes lo que quiero decir? do you know what I mean?

esto no hay quien lo entienda I just don't understand this o this is impossible to understand

se entiende que prefiera estar a solas it is understandable that she should want to be alone

¿tú qué entiendes por `versátil'? what do you understand by `versatile'?

2 ‹persona› to understand

trata de entenderme try to understand me

ten cuidado con ellos, tú ya me entiendes be careful with them, you know what I mean

me has entendido mal you've misunderstood me

su inglés no es perfecto pero se hace entender or ( AmL) se da a entender his English isn't perfect but he makes himself understood

¡a ti no hay quien te entienda! you're impossible!

te entiendo perfectamente I know exactly what you mean

estoy segura de que él te entenderá I am sure that he will understand

B ( frml)

1

(concebir, opinar): yo entiendo que deberíamos esperar un poco más in my view o as I see it, we should wait a little longer

no es así como yo entiendo la amistad that is not how I see o understand friendship, that is not my idea of friendship

2

(interpretar, deducir): ¿debo entender que desean prescindir de mis servicios? am I to understand o infer that you wish to dispense with my services?

me dio a entender que ya lo sabía she gave me to understand that she already knew

no lo dijo claramente, pero lo dio a entender she did not say so in so many words, but she implied it

■ entender

vi

A (comprender) to understand

(ya) entiendo I understand, I see

es que él es así ¿entiendes? it's just that he's like that, you see

B (saber) entender DE algo to know ABOUT sth

no entiendo nada de economía I don't know a thing about economics

¿tú entiendes de estas cosas? do you know anything about these things?

C ( Der):

entender en un caso to hear a case

■ entenderse

v pron

A

1 (comunicarse) entenderse CON algn to communicate WITH sb

se entienden por señas they communicate (with each other) through signs, they use sign language to communicate with each other

a ver si nos entendemos ¿quién le pegó a quién? let's get this straight, who hit whom?

2 (llevarse bien) entenderse CON algn to get along o on WITH sb

tú te entiendes mejor con él you get along o on better with him than I do

creo que nos vamos a entender I think we're going to get on o get along fine

3 (arreglarse) entenderse CON algn to deal WITH sb

es mejor entenderse directamente con el jefe you are advised to deal directly with the boss

allá se las entienda ( fam); that's his/her problem

entendérselas con algn to fix sth up with sb

4 ( fam) (tener un lío amoroso) entenderse CON algn to have an affair WITH sb

B ( refl):

ni él mismo se entiende he doesn't know what he's doing himself

déjame, yo me entiendo leave me alone, I know what I'm doing

entender²

masculine

a mi/tu/su entender in my/your/his opinion, to my/your/his mind

* * *

Multiple Entries:
entender
entender algo
entender ( conjugate entender) verbo transitivo
to understand;
‹ chiste› to understand, get (colloq);
◊ no te entiendo la letra I can't read your writing;

no entendí su nombre I didn't get his name;
lo entendió todo al revés he got it all completely wrong;
tú ya me entiendes you know what I mean;
me has entendido mal you've misunderstood me;
se hace entender or (AmL) se da a entender he makes himself understood;
me dio a entender que … she gave me to understand that …;
dar algo a entender to imply sth
verbo intransitivo
a) ( comprender) to understand

b) ( saber) entender de algo to know about sth

entenderse verbo pronominal
1
a) ( comunicarse) to communicate;

◊ se entienden por señas they communicate using sign language;

entenderse con algn to communicate with sb;
a ver si nos entendemos ¿quién te pegó? let's get this straight, who hit you?
b) ( llevarse bien);

◊ lo que pasa es que no nos entendemos the thing is we just don't get on very well;

entenderse con algn to get along o on with sb
2 ( refl):
◊ déjame, yo me entiendo leave me alone, I know what I'm doing

entender
I verbo transitivo
1 (comprender) to understand: a mi entender, está equivocado, in my opinion he's wrong
no entendí ni papa/pío/jota de este libro, I didn't understand a word of this book
no entiendo lo que quieres decir, I don't know what you mean
no me entiendas mal, don't get me wrong
nos dio a entender que no aceptaría el trabajo, he gave us to understand that he wouldn't accept the job
2 (creer) to think: entendemos que no debiste hacerlo, we think you shouldn't have done that
II verbo intransitivo entender de, (saber) to know about: entiende de música, he has an ear for music ➣ Ver nota en understand
' entender' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
ayunas
- cazar
- coger
- comprender
- dar
- interpretar
- mercenaria
- mercenario
- papa
- revés
- significativa
- significativo
- ver
- aclarar
- agarrar
- caer
- concebir
- difícil
- dificultad
- entendimiento
- enterarse
- entienda
- fácil
- sin
English:
appreciate
- catch
- depth
- follow
- get
- gist
- intimate
- make out
- misunderstand
- parrot-fashion
- point
- purport
- see
- sense
- thoroughly
- trouble
- understand
- wise
- work out
- beyond
- fathom
- figure
- grip
- head
- hint
- home
- imply
- knowing
- latch
- lead
- make
- message
- mishear
- ram
- still
- sympathize
- work

* * *

entender

♦ vt

1. [comprender] to understand;

ahora entiendo lo que quieres decir now I understand o know what you mean;

entiendo perfectamente tu reacción I completely understand your reaction;

¿es que no lo entiendes? don't you understand?;

entiéndelo, lo hago por tu bien try to understand, it's for your own good;

no te entiendo, habla más despacio I don't understand you, could you speak more slowly?;

no entiendo los aparatos modernos I don't understand modern technology;

no entiendo el chiste I don't get the joke;

no entendí nada de lo que dijo I didn't understand a word of what he said;

no entiendo nada, ¿no deberían haber llegado ya? I just can't understand it, surely they were supposed to have arrived by now;

no entiendo la letra de mi médico I can't read my doctor's handwriting;

entender mal algo to misunderstand sth;

no entiendo cómo puede gustarte Arturo I don't know what you see in Arturo;

no hay quien entienda a tu novio no one knows what to make of your boyfriend;

¡no hay quien te entienda! you're impossible!;

sabe entender a las personas mayores she understands older people;

¿tú qué entiendes por “amistad”? what do you understand by “friendship”?;

¿debo entender que no estás de acuerdo? am I to understand that you disagree?;

¿cómo le puedo hacer entender que eso no se hace? how can I make her understand o get it through to her that that sort of behaviour is out?;

hasta que no llegue no podemos empezar, ¿entiendes? we can't start until she gets here, all right?;

¿entiendes?, si no se lo decimos se va a enfadar look, if we don't tell him, he's going to get angry;

podríamos hacernos los despistados, ya me entiendes we could make out we didn't really realize what was going on, you know what I mean;

dar a entender algo (a alguien): dio a entender que no le interesaba she implied (that) she wasn't interested;

nos dio a entender que no estaba de acuerdo she gave us to understand that she disagreed;

hacerse entender to make oneself understood;

se hizo entender a base de signos he made himself understood by using sign language;

Comp
Fam
no entiendo ni jota o RP [m5] un pito I can't understand a word (of it)

2. [juzgar, opinar] to think;

yo no lo entiendo así I don't see it that way;

entiendo que sería mejor no decir nada I think it would be better not to say anything;

entendemos que deberías disculparte we feel you ought to apologize

♦ vi

1. [saber]
entender de algo to know about sth;

entender poco/algo de to know very little/a little about;

entiende un montón de jardinería she knows loads about gardening;

no entiendo nada de informática I don't know anything about computing;

tú que entiendes de estas cosas, ¿qué es el “rafting”? you know about these things, what is “rafting”?

2. [ocuparse]
entender de o [m5]en [en general] to deal with;
[sujeto: juez] to be in charge of;
el magistrado que entiende de casos de terrorismo the magistrate responsible for o in charge of cases involving terrorism

3. Fam [ser homosexual] to be gay;

¿entiendes? are you gay? [as a discreet enquiry]

♦ See also the pronominal verb entenderse

* * *

entender

I v/t

1 understand;

entender mal algo misunderstand sth;

hacerse entender make o.s. understood;

ya me entiendes do you catch my drift?, do you know what I mean?;

dar a entender a alguien give s.o. to understand

2 ( creer)

:

entendemos que sería mejor … we believe it would be better …

II v/i

1 understand;

si entiendo bien if I understand correctly

2

:

entender de algo know about sth

3

:

entender en JUR hear

III m

:

a mi entender in my opinion, to my mind

* * *

entender {56} vt

1) comprender: to understand

2) opinar: to think, to believe

3) querer: to mean, to intend

4) deducir: to infer, to deduce

entender vi

1) : to understand

¡ya entiendo!: now I understand!

2)

entender de : to know about, to be good at

3)

entender en : to be in charge of

♦ See also the reflexive verb entenderse

* * *

entender vb

1. (en general) to understand [pt. & pp. understood]

¿entiendes las instrucciones? do you understand the instructions?

entiendo el italiano I understand Italian

2. (tener conocimientos) to know [pt. knew; pp. known]

Fernando dice que entiende mucho de música Fernando says he knows a lot about music

a mi entender in my opinion

entender mal to misunderstand [pt. & pp. misunderstood]

hacerse entender to make yourself understood

Spanish-English dictionary > entender
4 erklären

I v/t

1. Person: explain ( jemandem to s.o.); (begründen) explain ( mit by); sie erklärte i-e Abwesenheit mit Krankheit she explained her absence by saying that she had been ill, she gave illness as the reason for her absence; der Absturz lässt sich durch oder mit Materialermüdung erklären the crash can be put down to metal fatigue; erklären Sie mir bitte, warum... could you tell me why...; wie erklärst du dir das? how would you explain that?, what do you make of that?; ich kann es mir nicht erklären I don’t understand it, it’s a mystery to me, I can’t make anything of it; ich erkläre mir das so:... this is how I explain ( oder understand) it:, this is how it seems to me:, the way I see it is:...

2. Sache: account for, explain; Beispiel: illustrate

3. (verkünden) declare; (Unabhängigkeit) auch proclaim; (Rücktritt etc.) announce; (Einverständnis) give; jemandem seine Liebe erklären declare one’s love for s.o.; einem Land den Krieg erklären declare war on a country; hiermit erkläre ich die Sitzung für eröffnet I hereby declare this meeting open; Austritt, Beitritt etc.

4. (bezeichnen, nennen) declare ( für [to be] s.th.), pronounce; jemanden für gesund erklären pronounce s.o. fit; jemanden für schuldig erklären pronounce s.o. guilty; jemanden für tot erklären (Patienten, Vermissten) pronounce s.o. dead

5. in Interview etc.: say; JUR. (aussagen) declare, state; der Zeuge erklärte, die Angeklagte nicht zu kennen the witness stated that he did not know the accused

II v/refl

1. Sache: be explained ( aus oder durch by), explain itself (by); das erklärt sich daraus, dass... that can be explained by the fact that..., the reason for that is that...; das erklärt sich von selbst that is self-explanatory; dadurch erklärt sich... that explains..., that accounts for...

2. Person: explain o.s., give an explanation

3. altm., lit.: sich ( jemandem) erklären Liebeserklärung: declare o.s. (to s.o.)

4. sich erklären für / gegen declare o.s. for / against

5. sich für etw. erklären (bezeichnen) declare oneself (to be) s.th.; sich ( für) bankrott etc. erklären declare o.s. bankrupt etc.; sich einverstanden erklären signify one’s agreement; sich mit etw. zufrieden erklären express one’s satisfaction with s.th.

III v/i: sie kann gut erklären / sie ist nicht gut im Erklären she’s good / she is not good at explaining things

* * *

(erläutern) to elucidate; to explain; to explicate; to expound; to clarify; to account for;

(verkünden) to profess; to assert; to state; to declare;

sich erklären

to account for

* * *
er|klä|ren [Eɐ'klɛːrən] ptp erklärt
1. vt

1) (= erläutern) to explain (jdm etw sth to sb); (= begründen) to account for, to explain

ich kann mir nicht erklä́ren, warum... — I can't understand why...

wie erklärt ihr euch das? — how can or do you explain that?, what do you make of that?

ich erkläre mir die Sache so:... — the way I see it,...

2) (= äußern, bekannt geben) to declare (als to be); Rücktritt to announce; (Politiker, Pressesprecher etc) to say

einem Staat den Krieg erklä́ren — to declare war on a country

er erklärte ihr seine Liebe — he declared his love for her

eine Ausstellung etc für or als eröffnet erklä́ren — to declare an exhibition etc open

jdn für schuldig/tot/gesund etc erklä́ren — to pronounce sb guilty/dead/healthy etc

2. vr

1) (Sache) to be explained

das erklärt sich daraus, dass... — it can be explained by the fact that...

damit hat sich die Sache von selbst erklärt — the affair thereby explained itself

das erklärt sich (von) selbst — that's self-explanatory

2) (Mensch) to declare oneself; (= Liebe gestehen auch) to declare one's love

sich für bankrott etc erklä́ren — to declare oneself bankrupt etc

sich für gesund/diensttauglich erklä́ren — to pronounce or declare oneself healthy/fit for service

sich für/gegen jdn/etw erklä́ren — to declare oneself or come out for/against sb/sth

See:

→ auch erklärt

3. vi
to explain
er kann sehr gut erklä́ren — he's very good at explaining things

* * *

1) (to give a reason for; to explain: I can account for the mistake.) account for

2) (to announce publicly or formally: War was declared this morning.) declare

3) (to fix or state the exact meaning of: Words are defined in a dictionary.) define

4) (to make (something) clear or easy to understand: Can you explain the railway timetable to me?; Did she explain why she was late?) explain

5) (to give, or be, a reason for: I cannot explain his failure; That explains his silence.) explain

6) (to say or announce clearly, carefully and definitely: You have not yet stated your intentions.) state

* * *

er·klä·ren *

I. vt

1. (erläutern)

▪ [jdm] etw [an etw dat] \erklären to explain sth [to sb] [using sth]

▪ jdm \erklären, dass/wieso... to explain to sb that/why...

2. (interpretieren)

▪ [jdm] etw \erklären to interpret sth [to sb]

3. (klarmachen)

▪ etw \erklären to explain sth

4. (bekannt geben)

▪ etw \erklären to announce sth

ich erkläre hiermit mein Einverständnis I hereby give my consent

▪ etw für etw akk \erklären to declare sth sth

die Ausstellung wurde von der Königin für eröffnet erklärt the queen declared the exhibition open

5. JUR

etw für [null und] nichtig \erklären to declare sth null and void

etw eidlich \erklären to state sth under oath

etw eidesstattlich \erklären to make a solemn declaration on [or about] sth

etw für rechtsgültig/ungültig \erklären to validate/invalidate [or repeal] sth

6. (offiziell bezeichnen)

▪ jdn für etw akk \erklären to pronounce sb sth

jdn für vermisst \erklären to declare sb missing

▪ etw für etw akk \erklären to declare sth sth

II. vr

1. (sich deuten)

▪ sich dat etw \erklären to understand sth

wie \erklären Sie sich, dass... how do you explain that...

2. (sich aufklären)

▪ sich akk \erklären to become clear

3. (sich bezeichnen)

▪ sich akk irgendwie \erklären to declare oneself sth

* * *
1.
transitives Verb

1) explain (Dat. to, durch by)

2) (mitteilen) state; declare; announce < one's resignation>

jemandem den Krieg erklären — declare war on somebody

3) (bezeichnen)

jemanden für tot erklären — pronounce someone dead

etwas für ungültig/verbindlich erklären — declare something to be invalid/binding

jemanden zu etwas erklären — name somebody as something
2.
reflexives Verb

1)

sich einverstanden/bereit erklären — declare oneself [to be] in agreement/willing

sich für/gegen jemanden/etwas erklären — (geh.) declare one's support for/opposition to somebody/something

2) (seine Begründung finden) be explained

das erklärt sich einfach/von selbst — that is easily explained/self-evident

* * *

erklären

A. v/t

1. Person: explain (

jemandem to sb); (begründen) explain (

mit by);

sie erklärte i-e Abwesenheit mit Krankheit she explained her absence by saying that she had been ill, she gave illness as the reason for her absence;

der Absturz lässt sich durch oder

mit Materialermüdung erklären the crash can be put down to metal fatigue;

erklären Sie mir bitte, warum … could you tell me why …;

wie erklärst du dir das? how would you explain that?, what do you make of that?;

ich kann es mir nicht erklären I don’t understand it, it’s a mystery to me, I can’t make anything of it;

ich erkläre mir das so: … this is how I explain ( oder understand) it:, this is how it seems to me:, the way I see it is: …

2. Sache: account for, explain; Beispiel: illustrate

3. (verkünden) declare; (Unabhängigkeit) auch proclaim; (Rücktritt etc) announce; (Einverständnis) give;

jemandem seine Liebe erklären declare one’s love for sb;

einem Land den Krieg erklären declare war on a country;

hiermit erkläre ich die Sitzung für eröffnet I hereby declare this meeting open; → Austritt, Beitritt etc

4. (bezeichnen, nennen) declare (

für [to be] sth), pronounce;

jemanden für gesund erklären pronounce sb fit;

jemanden für schuldig erklären pronounce sb guilty;

jemanden für tot erklären (Patienten, Vermissten) pronounce sb dead

5. in Interview etc: say; JUR (aussagen) declare, state;

der Zeuge erklärte, die Angeklagte nicht zu kennen the witness stated that he did not know the accused

B. v/r

1. Sache: be explained (

aus oder

durch by), explain itself (by);

das erklärt sich daraus, dass … that can be explained by the fact that …, the reason for that is that …;

das erklärt sich von selbst that is self-explanatory;

dadurch erklärt sich … that explains …, that accounts for …

2. Person: explain o.s., give an explanation

3. obs, liter:

sich (jemandem) erklären Liebeserklärung: declare o.s. (to sb)

4.

sich erklären für/gegen declare o.s. for/against

5.

sich für etwas erklären (bezeichnen) declare oneself (to be) sth;

sich (für) bankrott etc

erklären declare o.s. bankrupt etc;

sich einverstanden erklären signify one’s agreement;

sich mit etwas zufrieden erklären express one’s satisfaction with sth

C. v/i:

sie kann gut erklären/sie ist nicht gut im Erklären she’s good/she is not good at explaining things

* * *
1.
transitives Verb

1) explain (Dat. to, durch by)

2) (mitteilen) state; declare; announce < one's resignation>

jemandem den Krieg erklären — declare war on somebody

3) (bezeichnen)

jemanden für tot erklären — pronounce someone dead

etwas für ungültig/verbindlich erklären — declare something to be invalid/binding

jemanden zu etwas erklären — name somebody as something
2.
reflexives Verb

1)

sich einverstanden/bereit erklären — declare oneself [to be] in agreement/willing

sich für/gegen jemanden/etwas erklären — (geh.) declare one's support for/opposition to somebody/something

2) (seine Begründung finden) be explained

das erklärt sich einfach/von selbst — that is easily explained/self-evident

* * *

v.

to account for v.

to declare v.

to elucidate v.

to explain v.

to expound v.

to give an account of expr.

to meld v.

to profess v.

to state v.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > erklären
5 être

être [εtʀ]

━━━━━━━━━

1. linking verb

2. auxiliary verb

3. intransitive verb

4. impersonal verb

5. masculine noun

━━━━━━━━━

➭ TABLE 61

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► Pour les locutions comme être en colère, c'est dommage, reportez-vous à l'autre mot.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

1. <

   a. to be

• le ciel est bleu the sky is blue

• soyez sages ! be good!

• il était fatigué he was tired

• elle est traductrice she's a translator

• il est tout pour elle he's everything to her

• il n'est plus rien pour moi he doesn't mean anything to me any more

• nous sommes dix à vouloir partir ten of us want to go

► être de

• nous sommes de la même religion we are of the same faith

• être de l'expédition to take part in the expedition

• être de noce to be at a wedding

• je ne serai pas du voyage I won't be going

• elle est des nôtres she's one of us ; ( = elle vient avec nous) she's coming with us

• serez-vous des nôtres demain ? will you be coming tomorrow?

   b. (date) on est le 12 janvier

• nous sommes le 12 janvier it's 12 January

• on était en juillet it was in July

• quel jour sommes-nous ? (date) what's the date today? ; (jour) what day is it today?

2. <

   a. (passif) to be

• être fabriqué par... to be made by...

• il est soutenu par son patron he is backed up by his boss

• elle n'a pas été invitée she hasn't been invited

   b. (temps composés) to have

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► Les temps composés anglais sont généralement formés avec le verbe to have et non to be.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► Les temps composés français ne se traduisent pas toujours par des temps composés anglais: le passé composé français peut se traduire soit par le prétérit, soit par le parfait anglais, selon le contexte.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• il est mort hier he died yesterday

• il est parti hier he left yesterday

• est-il déjà passé ? has he been already?

• nous étions montés we had gone upstairs

   c. (verbes pronominaux) elle s'est regardée dans la glace she looked at herself in the mirror

• elle s'était endormie she had fallen asleep

• ils se sont regardés avec méfiance they looked at each other suspiciously

3. <

   a. to be

• elle n'est plus she is no more

• le meilleur homme qui soit the kindest man imaginable

• le village est à 10 km d'ici the village is 10km from here

• où étais-tu ? where were you?

   b. ( = aller)

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► Lorsque avoir été décrit un déplacement, il est rendu le plus souvent par to go ; lorsqu'il exprime le fait de s'être trouvé quelque part, il se traduit par to be.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• il n'avait jamais été à Londres he'd never been to London

• as-tu déjà été à l'étranger ? -- oui j'ai été en Italie l'an dernier have you ever been abroad? -- yes I went to Italy last year

• elle a été lui téléphoner she's gone to phone him

• il a été dire que c'était de ma faute he went and said that it was my fault

4. <

   a. ► il est + adjectif it is

• il est étrange que... it's odd that...

• il a été facile de le convaincre it was easy to convince him

   b. ► il est (pour dire l'heure) it is

• il est 10 heures it's 10 o'clock

• il était 8 heures quand il est arrivé it was 8 o'clock when he arrived

• quelle heure est-il ? what time is it?

   c. ► il est + nom (literary) (nom singulier) there is ; (nom pluriel) there are

• il est un pays où... there is a country where...

• il est des gens qui... there are people who...

• il était une fois... once upon a time there was...

   d. ► c'est, ce sont + nom ou pronom

• c'est le médecin (en désignant) that's the doctor ; (au téléphone, à la porte) it's the doctor

• c'est une voiture rapide it's a fast car

• ce sont de bons souvenirs they are happy memories

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► En anglais, to be se met au temps de l'action décrite.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• c'est une voiture rouge qui l'a renversé it was a red car which knocked him down

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► Notez l'emploi possible d'un auxiliaire en anglais pour traduire les propositions tronquées.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• qui a crié ? -- c'est lui who shouted? -- he did or it was him

   e. ► c'est + adjectif it is

• c'est impossible it's impossible

• c'était formidable it was wonderful

• c'est vrai that's true

• ça c'est vrai ! that's true!

• un hôtel pas cher, c'est difficile à trouver it's not easy to find a cheap hotel

• voler, c'est quelque chose que je ne ferai jamais stealing is something I'll never do

   f. (locutions)

► c'est... qui

• c'est le vent qui a emporté la toiture it was the wind that blew the roof off

• c'est eux or ce sont eux qui mentaient they are the ones who were lying

• c'est toi qui le dis ! that's what you say!

• c'est moi qu'on attendait it was me they were waiting for► c'est... que

• c'est une bonne voiture que vous avez là that's a good car you've got there

• c'est ici que je l'ai trouvé this is where I found it

• c'était elle que je voulais rencontrer she was the one I wanted to meet

• ne partez pas, c'est à vous que je veux parler don't go, it's you I want to talk to► c'est que (pour expliquer)

quand il écrit, c'est qu'il a besoin d'argent when he writes, it's because he needs money

• c'est que je le connais bien ! I know him so well!

• c'est qu'elle n'a pas d'argent it's because she has no money ; (exclamatif) but she has no money!► ce n'est pas que

• ce n'est pas qu'il soit beau ! it's not that he's good-looking!► est-ce que ?

• est-ce que c'est vrai ? is it true?

• est-ce que vous saviez ? did you know?

• est-ce que tu m'entends ? can you hear me?

• est-ce que c'est toi qui l'as battu ? was it you who beat him?

• quand est-ce que ce sera réparé ? when will it be fixed?

• où est-ce que tu l'as mis ? where have you put it?► n'est-ce pas ? → n'est-ce pas

► ne serait-ce if only

• ne serait-ce que pour quelques jours if only for a few days

• ne serait-ce que pour nous ennuyer if only to annoy us

5. <

   a. ( = créature) being

• être humain human being

• être vivant living being

   b. ( = individu) person

• les êtres qui nous sont chers our loved ones

• un être cher a loved one

• c'était un être merveilleux he was a wonderful person

* * *

I ɛtʀ
verbe intransitif (+ v avoir)

1)

il n'est pas jusqu'à l'Antarctique qui ne soit pollué — even the Antarctic is polluted

il en est de Pierre comme de Paul — it is the same with Pierre as with Paul

voilà ce qu'il en est — ( présentation) this is how it is; ( conclusion) that's how it is

il n'en est rien — this isn't at all the case

il en sera toujours ainsi — it will always be so

il en a été de même — it was the same

qu'en est-il de...? — what's the news on...?

2)

je suis à vous tout de suite/dans un instant — I'll be with you right away/in a minute

je suis à vous — I'm all yours

être à ce qu'on fait — to have one's mind on what one is doing

elle est toujours à se plaindre — she's always complaining

3)

il n'est plus — euph he's no longer with us

ce temps n'est plus — these days are gone

fût-il duc/en cristal — even if he were a duke/it were made of crystal

n'était leur grand âge — were it not for their advanced age

ne serait-ce qu'en faisant — if only by doing

ne fût-ce qu'un instant — if only for a moment

fût-ce pour des raisons humanitaires — if only on humanitarian grounds

••

on ne peut pas être et avoir été — Proverbe you can't stay young forever

••

être I

Généralités

Dans la plupart des situations exprimant l'existence, l'identité, la localisation, la qualité, être sera traduit par to be: je pense donc je suis = I think therefore I am; le soleil est une étoile = the sun is a star; j'étais chez moi = I was at home; l'eau est froide = the water is cold

Les locutions figées contenant être sont traitées sous l'entrée appropriée. Ainsi être en train de/sur le point de/hors de soi etc sont respectivement sous train, point, hors etc; comme si de rien n'était et quoi qu'il en soit sous comme et quoi. De même, les expressions avec si et les questions commençant par que sont traitées sous si et que, à part qu'est-ce à dire?, que l'on trouvera sous dire. Selon le même principe, l'emploi facultatif de étant après considérer comme et présenter comme est traité sous ces verbes; étant donné (que) et étant entendu que sont sous donné et entendu. La plupart des autres emplois de étant se traduisent par being: cela (ou ceci) étant = this being so. En revanche, c'est-à-dire, n'est-ce pas, peut-être et soit sont des entrées à part entière, traitées à leur place dans le dictionnaire

Par ailleurs, on consultera utilement les notes d'usage répertoriées, notamment pour l'expression de l'heure, la date, les nationalités, les professions, les nombres etc

être = verbe auxiliaire

de la voix passive

être auxiliaire de la voix passive se traduit par to be. On notera l'emploi des divers temps en anglais

au présent: où sont les épreuves? elles sont révisées par le traducteur = where are the proofs? they are being revised by the translator; votre voiture est réparée = your car has been repaired; les portes sont repeintes chaque année = the doors are repainted every year

au passé: les épreuves ont été révisées en juin = the proofs were revised in June; les épreuves ont été révisées plusieurs fois = the proofs have been revised several times; les épreuves ont été révisées bien avant ma démission = the proofs had been revised long before I resigned

du passé dans les temps composés

être se traduit par to have si le temps est également composé en anglais - ce qui est beaucoup moins fréquent qu'en français (voir ci-dessus) - sauf avec naître. Dans certains contextes, on peut avoir: elles sont tombées = they have fallen; ils se sont enfuis = they have escaped; elle s'était vengée = she had taken her revenge

Les verbes traduits par une construction passive ou attributive en anglais ( se vendre = to be sold; s'indigner = to be indignant) suivent les mêmes règles au passé: tous les livres se sont vendus = all the books have been sold; elle se serait indignée = she would have been indignant

Noter que la forme pronominale à valeur passive est souvent mieux rendue en anglais par une forme intransitive: les livres se sont bien vendus = the books have sold well

être = aller

Lorsqu'il signifie aller, être se traduit par to be en anglais, mais seulement s'il est directement suivi d'un complément de lieu: je n'ai jamais été en Chine = I've never been to China. Suivi d'un infinitif, il se rend par to go to: il a été voir son ami = he's gone to see his friend; j'ai été manger au restaurant = I went to eat in the restaurant

Dans le sens de s'en aller, on notera les tournures recherchées: ils s'en furent au théâtre = they went to the theatre; ils s'en furent (déçus) = they left (disappointed)

c'est

interrogation

est-ce, ou sa variante plus familière c'est, se traduit généralement par is it: est-ce leur fils/voiture? = is it their son/car?; c'est grave? = is it serious?; c'est toi ou ton frère? = is it you or your brother?

Quand ce garde sa valeur démonstrative, l'anglais précise la référence: est-ce clair? = is that clear?; qui est-ce? ( en montrant une personne) = who is he/she?; et aussi = who is that?; mais, en parlant de quelqu'un qui vous appelle au téléphone, ou à quelqu'un qui frappe à la porte: = who is it?

est-ce n'est généralement pas traduit dans les tournures emphatiques ou permettant d'éviter l'inversion du sujet: est-ce que tu parles russe? = do you speak Russian?; est-ce leur fils, ce garçon? is this boy their son?; qui est-ce qui l'a fait? = who did it?; qui est-ce que tu as rencontré? = who did you meet?; quand/où est-ce que tu manges? = when/where do you eat?; qu'est-ce que c'est? = what is it?, ou, comme vu plus haut, = what is this/that? selon qu'on montre un objet proche ou éloigné

Néanmoins, la tournure emphatique est également possible en anglais dans certaines expressions: qu'est-ce que j'entends? = what's this I hear?; est-ce bien ce qu'il a voulu dire? = is that what he really meant?

affirmation

c'est se traduit, selon les contextes, it is ( it's), this is, that is ( that's): c'est facile ( de critiquer) = it's easy; (ce que tu me demandes, ce travail) = that's easy; c'est moi (réponse à ‘qui est-ce?’) = it's me; (réponse à ‘qui le fait?’) = I do; (réponse à ‘qui l'a fait?’) = I did; (pour me désigner sur une photo, ou comme étant le personnage dont il est question) = that's me ( traduit également ça, c'est moi); c'est Mme Fox (qui téléphone, réponse à ‘qui est-ce?’) = it's Mrs Fox; (réponse à ‘qui le fait?’) = Mrs Fox ou Mrs Fox does; (réponse à ‘qui l'a fait?’) = Mrs Fox did; (que je montre, dont vous voulez parler) = that's Mrs Fox; c'est eux, ce sont eux (qui sont là-bas, que je montre) = it's them; ( qui le font) = they do; ( qui l'ont fait) = they did; ( qui arrivent) = here they are; ce sont mes enfants ( que je vous présente) = these are my children; ( qui sont là-bas) = they are my children; c'est cela = that's right; c'est ça! tu crois que je vais faire le travail tout seul? = what's this! do you think I'm going to do the work all by myself?

Lorsqu'il reprend un nom, un infinitif ou une proposition qui le précède c'est se traduit seulement par is: une étoile, c'est un réacteur nucléaire = a star is a nuclear reactor; réussir, c'est une question de volonté = to succeed is a question of will; sortir par ce temps, c'est de la folie = going out in this weather is sheer madness; eux, ce sont mes amis = they are my friends

De même, lorsque c'est que reprend un groupe nominal ou une proposition, il se traduit simplement par is that: le comique, c'est que... = the funny thing is that... On trouvera en général cette tournure sous l'entrée appropriée, comme comique, fort, importer etc

Lorsque c'est que sert à donner une explication il se rend généralement, et selon le temps, par it is that, it was that, mais aussi, pour insister sur l'explication, par it is/was because: si j'ai fait ça, c'est que je ne pouvais pas faire autrement = if I did that, it was because I couldn't do otherwise. ce n'est pas que se traduit la plupart du temps it is/was not that (la contraction est it's not plutôt que it isn't): ce n'est pas qu'il soit bête, mais... = it's not that he is stupid, but...

En corrélation avec un pronom relatif, c'est peut soit garder sa valeur de présentatif (voir plus haut) et se rendre par that's: c'est le journaliste qui m'a interviewé/que nous avons rencontré/dont je te parlais = that's the journalist who interviewed me/(that) we met/I was telling you about; c'est le château où je suis né = that's the castle where I was born; c'est ce qui me fait croire que... = that's what makes me think that...; c'est justement ce que je disais = that's exactly what I was saying; soit constituer une tournure emphatique qui se rend en anglais selon la nuance: c'est de la même femme que nous parlons = we're talking about the same woman; c'était d'en parler devant elle qui me gênait = talking about it in front of her was what made me feel uneasy ou what made me feel uneasy was talking about it in front of her; c'est lui/Paul qui l'a cassé ( je le dénonce) = he/Paul broke it; ( je l'accuse) = he/Paul is the one who broke it; c'est mon frère qui l'a écrit = it was my brother who wrote it ou my brother's the one who wrote it; c'est de ta soeur que je parlais, pas de toi = it was your sister I was talking about, not you; c'est cette voiture qui m'intéresse = this is the car (that) I am interested in; c'est lui le coupable = he is the culprit; ce sont eux les meurtriers = they are the murderers

c'est à suivi d'un infinitif se traduit parfois par it is suivi de l'adjectif correspondant si cette même transformation est possible en français ( c'est à désespérer = c'est désespérant = it's hopeless), mais c'est rare, et il est conseillé de se reporter à l'infinitif en question ou à l'un des autres termes obtenus à partir de transformations semblables

c'est à... de faire (ou parfois à faire) se traduira de deux manières: c'est à Pierre/lui de choisir ( c'est son tour) it's Pierre's/his turn to choose; ( c'est sa responsabilité) it's up to Pierre/to him to choose

La notion de rivalité contenue dans c'est à qui suivi du futur doit être rendue explicite en anglais: c'est à qui proposera le plus de réformes = each is trying to suggest more reforms than the other; c'était à qui des deux aurait le dernier mot = they were each trying to get in the last word; c'était à qui trouverait le plus d'erreurs dans le texte = they were vying with each other to find the most mistakes in the text

c'est, équivalent de ça fait dans le compte d'une somme, se rend par it is: c'est 200 francs = it's 200 francs; c'est combien? = how much is it?

ce sera avec valeur modale de ce doit être se traduit it must be: ce sera mon professeur de piano = it must be my piano teacher

être = verbe impersonnel

il est facile de critiquer = it is easy to criticize; il serait nécessaire de faire = it would be necessary to do; il est des gens bizarres = there are some strange people; il n'est pas de jour/d'heure sans qu'il se plaigne = not a day/an hour goes by without him complaining

On se référera par ailleurs aux notes d'usage concernant l'heure et la date; voir aussi les entrées temps et fois

il est à suivi d'un infinitif se rend différemment, selon les nuances qu'imposent le contexte, par it must be, it has to be, it should be, it can be suivis du participe passé. Pour plus de sûreté, on se reportera à l'infinitif en question, où cette construction est généralement traitée

il est de suivi d'un substantif ou d'un groupe nominal se rend souvent par it is suivi directement d'un adjectif ou d'un substantif précédé d'un déterminant (article, pronom): il est de coutume de faire (ou qu'on fasse) = it is customary ou the custom to do; il est de notre responsabilité de faire = it is our responsibility to do; mais ce n'est pas une règle absolue, et il est préférable de consulter des entrées telles que goût, règle, notoriété etc pour avoir des traductions adéquates. Voir également 1 Voir également 1 ci-dessous pour des exemples supplémentaires

Emplois avec en

en être

Certains cas sont traités sous la rubrique ‘être = verbe impersonnel’; d'autres, expressions figées, le sont sous l'entrée appropriée; voir par exemple poche et frais pour en être de sa poche/pour ses frais. Enfin, quand l'antéc édent de en est exprimé dans la phrase, l'expression est traitée plus bas sous être de: où en étais-je? = where was I?; je ne sais plus où j'en suis = I'm lost; où en es-tu de tes recherches? - j'en suis à mi-chemin/au début = how far have you got in your research? - I'm halfway through/at the beginning; elle a eu plusieurs amants/accidents: elle en est à son quatrième = she has had several lovers/accidents: this is her fourth; j'en suis à me demander si... = I'm beginning to wonder whether...; j'en étais à ne pouvoir distinguer le vrai du faux = I got to the point where I couldn't distinguish between truth and falsehood

être en

Suivie d'un substantif représentant un vêtement, l'expression peut être traduite to be in, mais on consultera l'entrée appropriée pour s'en assurer. Si l'on dit to be in uniform ou éventuellement to be wearing a uniform pour être en uniforme, l'anglais préfère généralement to be wearing a suit à to be in a suit pour être en costume (de même pour robe, tailleur etc). Dans le cas d'un déguisement, on a to be dressed up as: être en pirate = to be dressed up as a pirate

emplois avec y

j'y suis ( je vous comprends) = I'm with you; ( plus général mais un peu familier) = I get it; je n'y suis pas ( je ne comprends pas) = I don't get it; vous y êtes? (vous comprenez?) = are you with me?; (vous êtes prêt(e)?) = are you ready?; 20000 francs? vous n'y êtes pas! = 20,000 francs? you're a long way out!; tu n'y es pas, c'est plus compliqué que ça = you don't realize, it's a lot more complicated than that. Voir aussi les entrées y, adverbe de lieu, et pour

être + prépositions

La plupart des cas ( être dans, sur, devant, pour, après, avec etc) sont traités sous la préposition correspondante. Ne sont retenus ici que les cas particuliers de être à et être de

être à

Les cas où l'on peut faire l'ellipse de être ou le remplacer par un autre verbe sont traités sous la préposition à; ceux de en être à sous la rubrique ‘en être’, et ceux de c'est à sous la rubrique ‘c'est’

Les emplois de être à suivi d'un groupe nominal et signifiant ‘tendre vers’ sont généralement traités sous le substantif approprié, comme temps, hausse, agonie etc dans les expressions le temps est à la pluie, être à la hausse, être à l'agonie. De même, quand être à signifie un état, c'est sous le substantif ou adjectif approprié, comme bout, disposition, quai, vif etc, qu'on trouvera la ou les traductions de l'expression correspondante

Suivi d'un infinitif et signifiant devoir être, être à peut généralement se traduire, en observant les mêmes nuances qu'avec devoir, par must be, have to be ou should be suivi du participe passé du verbe anglais. Il reste conseillé de consulter l'infinitif en question, comme plaindre, prendre etc. On en trouve également un traitement succint sous les rubriques ‘être = verbe impersonnel' et ‘c'est'

Au sens de appartenir à, l'anglais utilise to be suivi du cas possessif quand le possesseur est un être animé ou d'un pronom possessif si celui-ci est représent é par un pronom objet. Si le cas possessif n'est pas d'usage, on utilise de préférence to belong to: ce livre est à moi/à mon frère = this book is mine/my brother's; ces dictionnaires sont au service de traduction = these dictionaries belong to the translation department; à qui est ce chien? = who does this dog belong to? ou whose dog is this? Voir 2 ci-dessous pour des exemples supplémentaires

être de

Quand elle exprime un état ou une situation, la tournure être de suivie d'un substantif sans déterminant est traduite sous le substantif en question, notamment avis, garde, service etc. De même, certaines expressions où la présence de déterminant est variable, comme dans être de mauvaise foi/d'une incroyable mauvaise foi sont traitées sous l'entrée appropriée, en l'occurrence, foi; voir aussi humeur, massacrante, poil etc

La construction être d'un/d'une suivie d'un adjectif substantivé ou d'un substantif exprimant une qualité ou un défaut peut généralement être rendue par to be so suivi de l'adjectif correspondant en anglais, si le substantif est seul: elle est d'un ridicule/d'une prétention! = she's so ridiculous/so pretentious!; si le substantif est qualifié, l'adjectif devient généralement un adverbe en anglais: il est d'une exquise courtoisie/d'une incompétence rare = he's exquisitely courteous/exceptionally incompetent; mais il n'est pas inutile de vérifier les traductions des adjectifs et substantifs à leur entrée avant de rendre cette construction

Au sens de participer à, faire partie de, la tournure être de se traduit de façon très variable (voir aussi partie): il est des nôtres ( il vient avec nous) = he's with us; (il est de notre clan, agit et pense comme nous) = he's one of us; serez-vous des nôtres? = will you be (coming) with us?; êtes-vous des nôtres? = are you coming with us? (ici, coming est nécessaire, pour éviter l'ambiguïté de are you with us?); les journalistes ne sont pas/ne seront pas du voyage = the journalists aren't coming/won't be coming on the trip; ils ont organisé une expédition mais je n'en étais pas = they organized an expedition but I wasn't part of it; il y avait un congrès mais il n'en était pas = there was a congress but he didn't take part

Suivi d'un infinitif et précédé de noms abstraits avec l'article défini ( l'idéal, l'essentiel etc) ou de superlatifs ( le plus simple), être de se traduit généralement par to be suivi de l'infinitif avec to: le plus simple serait de tout recommencer = the simplest thing to do would be to start all over again

II ɛtʀ
nom masculin

1) ( organisme vivant) being

être humain — human being

les êtres animés et inanimés — animate and inanimate things

les êtres et les choses — living things and objects

un être sans défense — a defenceless [BrE] creature

2) ( personne) person

un être d'exception — an exceptional person

un être cher or aimé — a loved one

un être sensible — a sensitive soul

3) ( nature intime) being

de tout son être — with one's whole being

blessé au plus profond de son être — hurt to the core

4) Philosophie

l'être — being

••

être I

Généralités

Dans la plupart des situations exprimant l'existence, l'identité, la localisation, la qualité, être sera traduit par to be: je pense donc je suis = I think therefore I am; le soleil est une étoile = the sun is a star; j'étais chez moi = I was at home; l'eau est froide = the water is cold

Les locutions figées contenant être sont traitées sous l'entrée appropriée. Ainsi être en train de/sur le point de/hors de soi etc sont respectivement sous train, point, hors etc; comme si de rien n'était et quoi qu'il en soit sous comme et quoi. De même, les expressions avec si et les questions commençant par que sont traitées sous si et que, à part qu'est-ce à dire?, que l'on trouvera sous dire. Selon le même principe, l'emploi facultatif de étant après considérer comme et présenter comme est traité sous ces verbes; étant donné (que) et étant entendu que sont sous donné et entendu. La plupart des autres emplois de étant se traduisent par being: cela (ou ceci) étant = this being so. En revanche, c'est-à-dire, n'est-ce pas, peut-être et soit sont des entrées à part entière, traitées à leur place dans le dictionnaire

Par ailleurs, on consultera utilement les notes d'usage répertoriées, notamment pour l'expression de l'heure, la date, les nationalités, les professions, les nombres etc

être = verbe auxiliaire

de la voix passive

être auxiliaire de la voix passive se traduit par to be. On notera l'emploi des divers temps en anglais

au présent: où sont les épreuves? elles sont révisées par le traducteur = where are the proofs? they are being revised by the translator; votre voiture est réparée = your car has been repaired; les portes sont repeintes chaque année = the doors are repainted every year

au passé: les épreuves ont été révisées en juin = the proofs were revised in June; les épreuves ont été révisées plusieurs fois = the proofs have been revised several times; les épreuves ont été révisées bien avant ma démission = the proofs had been revised long before I resigned

du passé dans les temps composés

être se traduit par to have si le temps est également composé en anglais - ce qui est beaucoup moins fréquent qu'en français (voir ci-dessus) - sauf avec naître. Dans certains contextes, on peut avoir: elles sont tombées = they have fallen; ils se sont enfuis = they have escaped; elle s'était vengée = she had taken her revenge

Les verbes traduits par une construction passive ou attributive en anglais ( se vendre = to be sold; s'indigner = to be indignant) suivent les mêmes règles au passé: tous les livres se sont vendus = all the books have been sold; elle se serait indignée = she would have been indignant

Noter que la forme pronominale à valeur passive est souvent mieux rendue en anglais par une forme intransitive: les livres se sont bien vendus = the books have sold well

être = aller

Lorsqu'il signifie aller, être se traduit par to be en anglais, mais seulement s'il est directement suivi d'un complément de lieu: je n'ai jamais été en Chine = I've never been to China. Suivi d'un infinitif, il se rend par to go to: il a été voir son ami = he's gone to see his friend; j'ai été manger au restaurant = I went to eat in the restaurant

Dans le sens de s'en aller, on notera les tournures recherchées: ils s'en furent au théâtre = they went to the theatre; ils s'en furent (déçus) = they left (disappointed)

c'est

interrogation

est-ce, ou sa variante plus familière c'est, se traduit généralement par is it: est-ce leur fils/voiture? = is it their son/car?; c'est grave? = is it serious?; c'est toi ou ton frère? = is it you or your brother?

Quand ce garde sa valeur démonstrative, l'anglais précise la référence: est-ce clair? = is that clear?; qui est-ce? ( en montrant une personne) = who is he/she?; et aussi = who is that?; mais, en parlant de quelqu'un qui vous appelle au téléphone, ou à quelqu'un qui frappe à la porte: = who is it?

est-ce n'est généralement pas traduit dans les tournures emphatiques ou permettant d'éviter l'inversion du sujet: est-ce que tu parles russe? = do you speak Russian?; est-ce leur fils, ce garçon? is this boy their son?; qui est-ce qui l'a fait? = who did it?; qui est-ce que tu as rencontré? = who did you meet?; quand/où est-ce que tu manges? = when/where do you eat?; qu'est-ce que c'est? = what is it?, ou, comme vu plus haut, = what is this/that? selon qu'on montre un objet proche ou éloigné

Néanmoins, la tournure emphatique est également possible en anglais dans certaines expressions: qu'est-ce que j'entends? = what's this I hear?; est-ce bien ce qu'il a voulu dire? = is that what he really meant?

affirmation

c'est se traduit, selon les contextes, it is ( it's), this is, that is ( that's): c'est facile ( de critiquer) = it's easy; (ce que tu me demandes, ce travail) = that's easy; c'est moi (réponse à ‘qui est-ce?’) = it's me; (réponse à ‘qui le fait?’) = I do; (réponse à ‘qui l'a fait?’) = I did; (pour me désigner sur une photo, ou comme étant le personnage dont il est question) = that's me ( traduit également ça, c'est moi); c'est Mme Fox (qui téléphone, réponse à ‘qui est-ce?’) = it's Mrs Fox; (réponse à ‘qui le fait?’) = Mrs Fox ou Mrs Fox does; (réponse à ‘qui l'a fait?’) = Mrs Fox did; (que je montre, dont vous voulez parler) = that's Mrs Fox; c'est eux, ce sont eux (qui sont là-bas, que je montre) = it's them; ( qui le font) = they do; ( qui l'ont fait) = they did; ( qui arrivent) = here they are; ce sont mes enfants ( que je vous présente) = these are my children; ( qui sont là-bas) = they are my children; c'est cela = that's right; c'est ça! tu crois que je vais faire le travail tout seul? = what's this! do you think I'm going to do the work all by myself?

Lorsqu'il reprend un nom, un infinitif ou une proposition qui le précède c'est se traduit seulement par is: une étoile, c'est un réacteur nucléaire = a star is a nuclear reactor; réussir, c'est une question de volonté = to succeed is a question of will; sortir par ce temps, c'est de la folie = going out in this weather is sheer madness; eux, ce sont mes amis = they are my friends

De même, lorsque c'est que reprend un groupe nominal ou une proposition, il se traduit simplement par is that: le comique, c'est que... = the funny thing is that... On trouvera en général cette tournure sous l'entrée appropriée, comme comique, fort, importer etc

Lorsque c'est que sert à donner une explication il se rend généralement, et selon le temps, par it is that, it was that, mais aussi, pour insister sur l'explication, par it is/was because: si j'ai fait ça, c'est que je ne pouvais pas faire autrement = if I did that, it was because I couldn't do otherwise. ce n'est pas que se traduit la plupart du temps it is/was not that (la contraction est it's not plutôt que it isn't): ce n'est pas qu'il soit bête, mais... = it's not that he is stupid, but...

En corrélation avec un pronom relatif, c'est peut soit garder sa valeur de présentatif (voir plus haut) et se rendre par that's: c'est le journaliste qui m'a interviewé/que nous avons rencontré/dont je te parlais = that's the journalist who interviewed me/(that) we met/I was telling you about; c'est le château où je suis né = that's the castle where I was born; c'est ce qui me fait croire que... = that's what makes me think that...; c'est justement ce que je disais = that's exactly what I was saying; soit constituer une tournure emphatique qui se rend en anglais selon la nuance: c'est de la même femme que nous parlons = we're talking about the same woman; c'était d'en parler devant elle qui me gênait = talking about it in front of her was what made me feel uneasy ou what made me feel uneasy was talking about it in front of her; c'est lui/Paul qui l'a cassé ( je le dénonce) = he/Paul broke it; ( je l'accuse) = he/Paul is the one who broke it; c'est mon frère qui l'a écrit = it was my brother who wrote it ou my brother's the one who wrote it; c'est de ta soeur que je parlais, pas de toi = it was your sister I was talking about, not you; c'est cette voiture qui m'intéresse = this is the car (that) I am interested in; c'est lui le coupable = he is the culprit; ce sont eux les meurtriers = they are the murderers

c'est à suivi d'un infinitif se traduit parfois par it is suivi de l'adjectif correspondant si cette même transformation est possible en français ( c'est à désespérer = c'est désespérant = it's hopeless), mais c'est rare, et il est conseillé de se reporter à l'infinitif en question ou à l'un des autres termes obtenus à partir de transformations semblables

c'est à... de faire (ou parfois à faire) se traduira de deux manières: c'est à Pierre/lui de choisir ( c'est son tour) it's Pierre's/his turn to choose; ( c'est sa responsabilité) it's up to Pierre/to him to choose

La notion de rivalité contenue dans c'est à qui suivi du futur doit être rendue explicite en anglais: c'est à qui proposera le plus de réformes = each is trying to suggest more reforms than the other; c'était à qui des deux aurait le dernier mot = they were each trying to get in the last word; c'était à qui trouverait le plus d'erreurs dans le texte = they were vying with each other to find the most mistakes in the text

c'est, équivalent de ça fait dans le compte d'une somme, se rend par it is: c'est 200 francs = it's 200 francs; c'est combien? = how much is it?

ce sera avec valeur modale de ce doit être se traduit it must be: ce sera mon professeur de piano = it must be my piano teacher

être = verbe impersonnel

il est facile de critiquer = it is easy to criticize; il serait nécessaire de faire = it would be necessary to do; il est des gens bizarres = there are some strange people; il n'est pas de jour/d'heure sans qu'il se plaigne = not a day/an hour goes by without him complaining

On se référera par ailleurs aux notes d'usage concernant l'heure et la date; voir aussi les entrées temps et fois

il est à suivi d'un infinitif se rend différemment, selon les nuances qu'imposent le contexte, par it must be, it has to be, it should be, it can be suivis du participe passé. Pour plus de sûreté, on se reportera à l'infinitif en question, où cette construction est généralement traitée

il est de suivi d'un substantif ou d'un groupe nominal se rend souvent par it is suivi directement d'un adjectif ou d'un substantif précédé d'un déterminant (article, pronom): il est de coutume de faire (ou qu'on fasse) = it is customary ou the custom to do; il est de notre responsabilité de faire = it is our responsibility to do; mais ce n'est pas une règle absolue, et il est préférable de consulter des entrées telles que goût, règle, notoriété etc pour avoir des traductions adéquates. Voir également 1 Voir également 1 ci-dessous pour des exemples supplémentaires

Emplois avec en

en être

Certains cas sont traités sous la rubrique ‘être = verbe impersonnel’; d'autres, expressions figées, le sont sous l'entrée appropriée; voir par exemple poche et frais pour en être de sa poche/pour ses frais. Enfin, quand l'antéc édent de en est exprimé dans la phrase, l'expression est traitée plus bas sous être de: où en étais-je? = where was I?; je ne sais plus où j'en suis = I'm lost; où en es-tu de tes recherches? - j'en suis à mi-chemin/au début = how far have you got in your research? - I'm halfway through/at the beginning; elle a eu plusieurs amants/accidents: elle en est à son quatrième = she has had several lovers/accidents: this is her fourth; j'en suis à me demander si... = I'm beginning to wonder whether...; j'en étais à ne pouvoir distinguer le vrai du faux = I got to the point where I couldn't distinguish between truth and falsehood

être en

Suivie d'un substantif représentant un vêtement, l'expression peut être traduite to be in, mais on consultera l'entrée appropriée pour s'en assurer. Si l'on dit to be in uniform ou éventuellement to be wearing a uniform pour être en uniforme, l'anglais préfère généralement to be wearing a suit à to be in a suit pour être en costume (de même pour robe, tailleur etc). Dans le cas d'un déguisement, on a to be dressed up as: être en pirate = to be dressed up as a pirate

emplois avec y

j'y suis ( je vous comprends) = I'm with you; ( plus général mais un peu familier) = I get it; je n'y suis pas ( je ne comprends pas) = I don't get it; vous y êtes? (vous comprenez?) = are you with me?; (vous êtes prêt(e)?) = are you ready?; 20000 francs? vous n'y êtes pas! = 20,000 francs? you're a long way out!; tu n'y es pas, c'est plus compliqué que ça = you don't realize, it's a lot more complicated than that. Voir aussi les entrées y, adverbe de lieu, et pour

être + prépositions

La plupart des cas ( être dans, sur, devant, pour, après, avec etc) sont traités sous la préposition correspondante. Ne sont retenus ici que les cas particuliers de être à et être de

être à

Les cas où l'on peut faire l'ellipse de être ou le remplacer par un autre verbe sont traités sous la préposition à; ceux de en être à sous la rubrique ‘en être’, et ceux de c'est à sous la rubrique ‘c'est’

Les emplois de être à suivi d'un groupe nominal et signifiant ‘tendre vers’ sont généralement traités sous le substantif approprié, comme temps, hausse, agonie etc dans les expressions le temps est à la pluie, être à la hausse, être à l'agonie. De même, quand être à signifie un état, c'est sous le substantif ou adjectif approprié, comme bout, disposition, quai, vif etc, qu'on trouvera la ou les traductions de l'expression correspondante

Suivi d'un infinitif et signifiant devoir être, être à peut généralement se traduire, en observant les mêmes nuances qu'avec devoir, par must be, have to be ou should be suivi du participe passé du verbe anglais. Il reste conseillé de consulter l'infinitif en question, comme plaindre, prendre etc. On en trouve également un traitement succint sous les rubriques ‘être = verbe impersonnel' et ‘c'est'

Au sens de appartenir à, l'anglais utilise to be suivi du cas possessif quand le possesseur est un être animé ou d'un pronom possessif si celui-ci est représent é par un pronom objet. Si le cas possessif n'est pas d'usage, on utilise de préférence to belong to: ce livre est à moi/à mon frère = this book is mine/my brother's; ces dictionnaires sont au service de traduction = these dictionaries belong to the translation department; à qui est ce chien? = who does this dog belong to? ou whose dog is this? Voir 2 ci-dessous pour des exemples supplémentaires

être de

Quand elle exprime un état ou une situation, la tournure être de suivie d'un substantif sans déterminant est traduite sous le substantif en question, notamment avis, garde, service etc. De même, certaines expressions où la présence de déterminant est variable, comme dans être de mauvaise foi/d'une incroyable mauvaise foi sont traitées sous l'entrée appropriée, en l'occurrence, foi; voir aussi humeur, massacrante, poil etc

La construction être d'un/d'une suivie d'un adjectif substantivé ou d'un substantif exprimant une qualité ou un défaut peut généralement être rendue par to be so suivi de l'adjectif correspondant en anglais, si le substantif est seul: elle est d'un ridicule/d'une prétention! = she's so ridiculous/so pretentious!; si le substantif est qualifié, l'adjectif devient généralement un adverbe en anglais: il est d'une exquise courtoisie/d'une incompétence rare = he's exquisitely courteous/exceptionally incompetent; mais il n'est pas inutile de vérifier les traductions des adjectifs et substantifs à leur entrée avant de rendre cette construction

Au sens de participer à, faire partie de, la tournure être de se traduit de façon très variable (voir aussi partie): il est des nôtres ( il vient avec nous) = he's with us; (il est de notre clan, agit et pense comme nous) = he's one of us; serez-vous des nôtres? = will you be (coming) with us?; êtes-vous des nôtres? = are you coming with us? (ici, coming est nécessaire, pour éviter l'ambiguïté de are you with us?); les journalistes ne sont pas/ne seront pas du voyage = the journalists aren't coming/won't be coming on the trip; ils ont organisé une expédition mais je n'en étais pas = they organized an expedition but I wasn't part of it; il y avait un congrès mais il n'en était pas = there was a congress but he didn't take part

Suivi d'un infinitif et précédé de noms abstraits avec l'article défini ( l'idéal, l'essentiel etc) ou de superlatifs ( le plus simple), être de se traduit généralement par to be suivi de l'infinitif avec to: le plus simple serait de tout recommencer = the simplest thing to do would be to start all over again

* * *
ɛtʀ
1. nm

being

être humain — human being

2. vb (avec attribut)

1) (état, description) to be

Il est instituteur. — He's a teacher.

Vous êtes grand. — You're tall.

Vous êtes fatigué. — You're tired.

Je suis heureux. — I'm happy.

C'est moi! — It's me!

2) (appartenance)

être à qn — to be sb's, to belong to sb

Ce livre est à Paul. — This book is Paul's., This book belongs to Paul.

C'est à moi. — It's mine.

C'est à eux. — It's theirs.

C'est à lui de le faire. — It's up to him to do it.

3) (origine)

être de — to be from

Il est de Paris. — He is from Paris.

Il est des nôtres. — He is one of us.

4) (obligation, but)

être à (+ infinitif) C'est à réparer. — It needs repairing.

C'est à essayer. — You should try it.

Il est à espérer que... — It is to be hoped that...

3. vi

1) (= se trouver) to be

Je ne serai pas ici demain. — I won't be here tomorrow.

2) (date)

Nous sommes le 10 janvier. — It's the 10th of January., Today is the 10th of January.

3) (= faire partie) to be

être de ceux qui... — to be one of those who...

Il voulait en être. — He wanted to be part of it.

4) (= exister) to be

être ou ne pas être... — to be or not to be...

5) (autres locutions)

en être à qch (= avoir atteint) — to have got to sth, to have got as far as sth, (= être réduit à) to be reduced to sth

Nous en étions au dessert. — We had got to the dessert., We had got as far as dessert.

Il en est à faire des ménages pour vivre. — He's been reduced to doing cleaning jobs to earn a living.

en être pour ses frais — to get nothing for one's trouble

4. vb aux

1) (dans verbes composés) to have

être arrivé — to have arrived

être allé — to have gone

Il est parti. — He has left., He has gone.

Il n'est pas encore arrivé. — He hasn't arrived yet.

2) (forme passive) to be

être fait par — to be made by

Il a été promu. — He has been promoted.

5. vb impers

1) (avec attribut)

il est... — it is...

Il est impossible de le faire. — It's impossible to do it.

2) (pour dire l'heure)

Il est 10 heures. — It's 10 o'clock.

See:

est-ce que,

n'est-ce pas,

c'est-à-dire,

ce

* * *

I.

être ⇒ Note d'usage verb table: être vi

1 il n'est pas jusqu'à l'Antarctique qui ne soit pollué even the Antarctic is polluted; il en est de Pierre comme de Paul it is the same with Pierre as with Paul; voilà ce qu'il en est ( présentation) this is how it is; ( conclusion) that's how it is; il n'en est rien this isn't at all the case; il en sera toujours ainsi it will always be so; il en a été de même it was the same; qu'en est-il de…? what's the news on…?;

2 je suis à vous tout de suite/dans un instant I'll be with you right away/in a minute; je suis à vous I'm all yours; être à ce qu'on fait to have one's mind on what one is doing; elle est toujours à se plaindre she's always complaining;

3 il n'est plus euph he's no longer with us; ce temps n'est plus those days are gone; ces traditions ne sont plus these traditions are things of the past; fût-il duc/en cristal even if he were a duke/it were made of crystal, even were he a duke/were it made of crystal; n'était leur grand âge were it not for their advanced age, if it were not for their advanced age; ne serait-ce qu'en faisant if only by doing; ne fût-ce que pour la soulager/qu'un instant if only to relieve her/for a moment; fût-ce pour des raisons humanitaires if only on humanitarian grounds.

Idiome

on ne peut pas être et avoir été Prov you can't stay young forever.

II.

être nm

1 ( organisme vivant) being; être humain/vivant/surnaturel human/living/supernatural being; les êtres animés et inanimés animate and inanimate things; les êtres et les choses living things and objects; un être sans défense a defenceless^GB creature; ces plantes sont des êtres inférieurs these plants are inferior life-forms;

2 ( personne) person; un être d'exception an exceptional person; un être faible et timoré a weak and timorous person; les êtres qui doutent people who doubt; l'amitié entre deux êtres friendship between two people; un être cher or aimé a loved one; ce sont des êtres simples they're simple beings ou souls; son mari est un être sensible her husband is a sensitive soul;

3 ( nature intime) being; de tout son être [détester, souhaiter] with one's whole being; au fond de son être, elle savait que in the core of her being, she knew that; blessé au plus profond de son être hurt to the core; les êtres contradictoires qui vous habitent the conflicting selves within you;

4 Philos l'être being.

I

[ɛtr] nom masculin

1. BIOLOGIE & PHILOSOPHIE being

l'être PHILOSOPHIE being

être humain human being

être de raison rational being

être vivant living thing

2. RELIGION

l'être éternel ou infini ou suprême the Supreme Being

3. [personne] person

un être cher a loved one

4. [cœur, âme] being, heart, soul

je le crois de tout mon être I believe it with all my heart

II

[ɛtr] verbe intransitif

A.[EXPRIME L'EXISTENCE, LA RÉALITÉ]

1. [exister] to be, to exist

ne nie pas ce qui est don't deny the facts

si Dieu est if God exists

si cela est if (it is) so

mon fils n'est plus (littéraire) my son is no more (littéraire) ou has died ou passed away

la nounou la plus patiente qui soit the most patient nanny that ever was ou in the world

le plus petit ordinateur qui soit the tiniest computer ever

être ou ne pas être to be or not to be

on ne peut pas être et avoir été you only live once

2. MATHÉMATIQUES

soit une droite AB let AB be a straight line

B.[RELIE L'ATTRIBUT, LE COMPLÉMENT AU SUJET]

1. [suivi d'un attribut] to be

elle est professeur she's a teacher

je ne te le prêterai pas! — comment ou comme tu es! (familier) I won't lend it to you! — you see what you're like!

je suis comme je suis I am what I am

Bruno/ce rôle est tout pour moi Bruno/this part means everything to me

elle n'est plus rien pour lui she no longer matters to him

elle n'est plus ce qu'elle était she's not what she used to be

qui était-ce? who was it?

2. [suivi d'une préposition]

être à [se trouver à]: être à l'hôpital to be in hospital

je suis à la gare I'm at the station

cela fait longtemps que je ne suis plus à Paris I left Paris a long time ago

j'y suis, j'y reste here I am and here I stay

je n'y suis pour personne

a. [à la maison] I'm not at home for anyone

b. [au bureau] I won't see anybody

je suis à vous dans un instant I'll be with you in a moment

je suis à vous [je vous écoute] I'm all yours

la Sardaigne est au sud de la Corse Sardinia is (situated) south of Corsica

tout le monde est à la page 15/au chapitre 9? is everybody at page 15/chapter 9?

vous êtes (bien) au 01.40.06.24.08 this is 01 40 06 24 08

nous ne sommes qu'au début du tournoi the tournament has just started

être à [appartenir à]: ce livre est à moi the book's mine

être à [être occupé à]: il est tout à son travail he's busy with his work

être à [être en train de]: il est toujours à me questionner he's always asking me questions

être de [provenir de] to be from, to come from

être de [dater de]: l'église est du XVI^e the church is from ou dates back to the 16th century

la lettre est du 12 the letter's dated the 12th

les œufs sont d'hier the eggs were laid yesterday

être de [appartenir à] to belong to, to be a member of

Bruno est de sa famille Bruno is a member of her family ou is a relative of hers

être de [participer à]: je suis de mariage le mois prochain I've got (to go to) a wedding next month

qui est de corvée de vaisselle? who's on washing-up duty?

être de [se joindre à]: acceptez-vous d'être (un) des nôtres? would you care to join us?

être en [lieu]: être en prison/en France to be in prison/in France

être en [matériau]: la table est en chêne the table is made of oak

être en [pour exprimer l'état]: être en bonne santé to be in good health

les dossiers qui sont en attente the pending files

être sans: vous n'êtes pas sans savoir que... I'm sure you're aware that...

en être à: le projet n'en est qu'au début the project has only just started

où en es-tu avec Michel? how is it going with Michel?

j'en suis au moment où il découvre le trésor I've got to the part ou the bit where he discovers the treasure

où en étais-je? [après une interruption dans une conversation] where was I ?

où en sont les travaux? how's the work coming along?

en être à faire quelque chose: j'en suis à me demander si... I'm beginning to wonder if...

tu en es encore à lui chercher des excuses! — oh non, je n'en suis plus là! you're still trying to find excuses for him! — oh no, I'm past that!

ne plus savoir où l'on en est: je ne sais plus du tout où j'en suis dans tous ces calculs I don't know where I am any more with all these calculations

j'ai besoin de faire le point, je ne sais plus où j'en suis I've got to take stock, I've completely lost track of everything

y être [être prêt]: tout le monde y est? is everyone ready?

y être [comprendre]: tu te souviens bien de Marie, une petite brune! — ah, oui, j'y suis maintenant! but you must remember Marie, a brunette! — oh yes, I'm with you now!

je n'y suis pas du tout! I'm lost!

mais non, vous n'y êtes pas du tout! you don't understand!

en être (familier) , être de ceux-là (familier) [être homosexuel] to be one of them

3. [dans l'expression du temps] to be

nous sommes le 8/jeudi today is the 8th/Thursday

quel jour sommes-nous? what day is it today?

on était en avril it was April

C.[SUBSTITUT DE ALLER, PARTIR] to go

tu y as déjà été? have you already been there?

elle s'en fut lui porter la lettre (littéraire) she went to take him the letter

————————

[ɛtr] verbe impersonnel

1. [exister]

il est [il y a] (suivi d'un singulier) there is

(suivi d'un pluriel) there are

il était une fois un prince... once (upon a time) there was a prince...

s'il en est: un escroc s'il en est a crook if ever there was one

2. [pour exprimer l'heure]

il est 5 h it's 5 o'clock

quelle heure est-il? what time is it?

3. (soutenu & locution)

il en est ainsi de toutes les démocraties that's how it is in all democracies

on a dit que vous vouliez démissionner — il n'en est rien it was rumoured you wanted to resign — that's not true

il n'est que de: il n'est que de lire les journaux pour s'en rendre compte you only have to read the newspapers to be aware of it

————————

[ɛtr] verbe auxiliaire

1. [sert à former les temps composés]

je suis/j'étais descendu I came/had come down

serais-tu resté? would you have stayed?

2. [sert à former le passif]

des arbres ont été déterrés par la tempête trees were uprooted during the storm

3. [sert à exprimer une obligation]

ce dossier est à préparer pour lundi the file must be ready for Monday

cela est à prouver we have no proof of that yet

cela étant locution adverbiale

[dans ces circonstances] things being what they are

[cela dit] having said that

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > être

6 de

prep.

1 of.

el coche de mi padre/mis padres my father's/parents' car

es de ella it's hers

la pata de la mesa the table leg

La casa de mi padre The house of my father [My father's house]

2 from (procedencia, distancia).

salir de casa to leave home

soy de Bilbao I'm from Bilbao

de la playa al apartamento hay 100 metros it's 100 meters from the beach to the apartment

3 (made) of (materia).

un vaso de plástico a plastic cup

un reloj de oro a gold watch

4 about (asunto).

hablábamos de ti we were talking about you

libros de historia history books

5 as.

trabaja de bombero he works as a fireman

6 from (time) (since).

trabaja de nueve a cinco she works from nine to five

de madrugada early in the morning

a las cuatro de la tarde at four in the afternoon

trabaja de noche y duerme de día he works at night and sleeps during the day

7 with (causa, modo).

morirse de hambre to die of hunger

llorar de alegría to cry with joy

de una patada with a kick

de una sola vez in one go

de tres en tres three at a time

8 if.

de ir a verte, sería este domingo if I do visit you, it'll be this Sunday

de no ser por ti, me hubiese hundido if it hadn't been for you, I wouldn't have made it

9 to.

Está ansiosa de obtener ese trabajo She is anxious to have that job.

f.

1 letter d.

2 SD, standard deviation.

3 ED, dose of erythema, erythema dose.

* * *

de

► nombre femenino

1 name of the letter d

————————

de

► preposición

1 (posesión, pertenencia) of

■ el libro de Juan Juan's book

■ el coche de mis padres my parents' car

■ el hermano de mi padre my father's brother

■ la mesa de mi habitación the table in my bedroom

2 (procedencia, origen) from

■ soy de Córdoba I'm from Córdoba

■ viene de Barcelona she comes from Barcelona

3 (descripción) with

■ la niña de ojos castaños the girl with dark eyes, the dark-eyed girl

■ el señor del abrigo azul the man in the blue coat

4 (tema) of, on, about

■ hablaron del tiempo they talked about the weather

5 (materia) made of, of

■ una mesa de madera a wooden table

■ un anillo de oro a gold ring

■ lo hicieron de plástico they made it out of plastic

6 (contenido) of

■ un vaso de agua a glass of water

7 (uso) for

■ aguja de calcetar knitting needle

■ gallo de pelea fighting cock

8 (oficio) by, as

■ trabaja de profesor he works as a teacher

■ es médico de profesión he's a doctor by profession

9 (modo) on, in, as

■ de pie standing up

■ estar de moda to be in fashion

10 (tiempo) at, by, in

■ de día by day, during the day

■ de noche at night

■ a las diez de la mañana at ten in the morning

11 (lugar) varias traducciones

■ la vecina de arriba our upstairs neighbour

■ el lavabo de abajo the downstairs toilet

■ la ventana de la derecha the window on the right

■ la puerta de la calle the street door

12 (precio) at

■ manzanas de dos euros el kilo apples at two euros a kilo

13 (medida) measuring

■ una botella de dos litros a two litre bottle

■ una mesa de un metro de ancho a metre-wide table

14 (causa) with, because of, of

■ llorar de alegría to cry with joy

■ morir de frío to die of cold

15 (agente) by

■ es una obra de Lope a play by Lope

16 (con superlativo) in, of

■ el mejor de España the best in Spain

■ el mayor de los tres the eldest of the three

17 (suposición) if

■ de haberlo dicho if he had told us

18 (en una aposición) of

■ la ciudad de Barcelona the city of Barcelona Table 1 NOTA See also del/Table 1

* * *

prep.

1) of

2) from

3) in, at

4) than

5) by

* * *

PREPOSITION

1) [relación] of

las calles de Madrid — the streets of Madrid

el alcalde de Valencia — the mayor of Valencia

cabo de Buena Esperanza — Cape of Good Hope

la ciudad de Madrid — the city of Madrid

en el mes de agosto — in the month of August

un libro de consulta — a reference book

un millón de euros — a million euros

la carretera de Valencia — the Valencia road, the road to Valencia

el interés del préstamo — the interest on the loan

la llave de mi cuarto — the key to my room

en el día de hoy — today

tuvieron la desgracia de perder el partido — they were unlucky enough to lose the match

ya era hora de que vinieses — it's about time you got here

el hecho de que yo no supiera nada — the fact that I didn't know anything about it

2) [pertenencia]

la casa de Isabel — Isabel's house

el coche de mi amigo — my friend's car

un familiar de mi vecina — a relative of my neighbour's

los coches de mis amigos — my friends' cars

el vestuario de las actrices — the actresses' dressing room

la señora de Pérez — Pérez's wife, Mrs Pérez

es de ellos — it's theirs

esa contestación es muy de ella — that answer is typical of her

3) [característica, material]

una cadena de oro — a gold chain

no es de oro — it's not gold

una puerta de cristal — a glass door

una cocina de gas — a gas cooker

este modelo es de electricidad — this model uses electricity, this is an electric model

ropa de buena calidad — good-quality clothes

un billete de primera clase — a first-class ticket

la niña de pelo largo — the girl with the long hair

ese tío del sombrero — that chap with o in the hat

pintado de rojo — painted red

lo tengo de varios colores distintos — I have it in several different colours

4) [contenido]

una caja de bombones — a box of chocolates

una copa de vino — [llena] a glass of wine; [vacía] a wine glass

una bolsita de té — a tea bag

estaba hecha un saco de nervios — she was a bundle of nerves

5) [origen, distancia, espacio temporal] from

soy de Galicia — I'm from Galicia

Julia no es de aquí — Julia is not from round here

los de Madrid son los mejores — the ones from Madrid are the best, the Madrid ones are the best

es de buena familia — he's from a good family

vuelo 507 (procedente) de Londres — flight 507 from London

vive a 20km de Madrid — she lives 20km from Madrid

aléjate del fuego — move away from the fire

marcó un gol a dos minutos del final del partido — he scored two minutes from the end of the match

el tren de Santiago — the Santiago train

el avión pasó a muy poca altura del suelo — the plane flew by at very low altitude

salir del cine — to come out of the cinema
de... a...
vivió de 1898 a 1937 — he lived from 1898 to 1937

de mi casa a la suya hay 5km — it is 5km from my house to his

de mayo a julio — from May to July

del 15 al 30 — from the 15th to the 30th

6) [causa]

murió de viejo — he died from old age

me dolían los pies de tanto andar — my feet were sore from all that walking

de puro cansado — out of sheer tiredness

no podía moverse de miedo — he was rigid with fear

estar loco de alegría — to be wild with joy

saltar de alegría — to jump for joy

7) [manera]

lo derribó de un solo puñetazo — he felled him with a single blow

se puso a mi lado de un salto — he jumped to my side

se lo bebió de un trago — he drank it all down in one go
de... en...
iban entrando de dos en dos — they came in two by two

bajó la escalera de tres en tres — he came down the stairs three at a time

de puerta en puerta — from door to door

8) (=respecto de)

estar mejor de salud — to be in better health, be better

es fuerte de brazos — he has strong arms

paralizado de las dos piernas — paralysed in both legs

es muy estrecho de hombros — he doesn't have very broad shoulders

9) [tema] about

un libro de biología — a biology book, a book on o about biology

hablaba de política — he was talking about politics

no sé nada de él — I don't know anything about him

una clase de francés — a French class

10) [uso]

máquina de coser — sewing machine

goma de mascar — chewing gum

11) [cantidad, medida, valor]

un chico de quince años — a fifteen-year-old boy

un viaje de dos días — a two-day journey

un embarazo de siete meses — a seven-month pregnancy

una moneda de 5 pesos — a 5-peso coin

tiene un metro de alto — it's a metre high

12) [con horas y fechas]

a las siete de la mañana — at seven o'clock in the morning, at seven a.m.

son las dos de la tarde — it's two o'clock in the afternoon, it's two p.m.

muy de mañana — very early in the morning

el 3 de mayo — 3 May ( leído May the third {o}2} the third of May)

13) [tiempo]

de día — during the day(time)

de noche — at night

de niño — as a child

de mayor voy a ser médico — when I grow up I'm going to be a doctor

14) [proporción]

tres de cada cuatro — three out of every four

15) [uso partitivo] of

uno de nosotros — one of us

comió un poco de pastel — she ate a bit of cake

¡había una de gente! — * there were loads of people there! *

16) [autoría] by

un libro de Cela — a book by Cela, a book of Cela's

las películas de Almodóvar — Almodóvar's films

17) [como complemento agente] by

fue amado de todos — he was loved by all

el rey entró seguido de su séquito — the king entered, followed by his entourage

tiene dos hijos de su primera mujer — he has two children by his first wife

18) [en aposición a sustantivos o adjetivos]

el bueno/pobre de Pedro — good/poor old Pedro

el imbécil de Fernández — that idiot Fernández

es un encanto de persona — he's a lovely person

19) [en comparaciones] than

es más difícil de lo que creía — it's more difficult than I thought

más/menos de siete — more/less than seven

más de 500 personas — more than o over 500 people

20) [con superlativos] in

el peor alumno de la clase — the worst pupil in the class

el más caro de la tienda/mundo — the most expensive in the shop/world

es el coche más caro del mercado — it's the dearest car on the market

21) + infin

un problema fácil de resolver — an easily solved problem

un libro agradable de leer — a nice book to read
ser de ({+ infin}8})
es de admirar su lealtad — his loyalty is admirable

es de esperar que recibamos una pronta respuesta — it is to be hoped that we receive a prompt reply

sería de desear que actualizaran su información — it would be desirable for them to update their information

22) [dependiente de formas verbales]

la acusaban de hipócrita — they accused her of being a hypocrite

colmar de elogios a algn — to shower praise on sb

se dio cuenta de que lo sabía — she realized (that) she knew it

de esto se deduce que... — from this it can be deduced that...

disfrutar de la vida — to enjoy life

¿qué esperabas de él? — what did you expect from him?

limpiar algo de polvo — to dust sth

llenar algo de algo — to fill sth with sth

se sirvió de sus amigos para salir de un mal trago — he turned to his friends to help him through a difficult patch

trabaja de camarero — he works as a waiter

lo uso de despensa — I use it as a pantry

vestido de azul — dressed in blue

23) [uso condicional] if

de ser posible — if possible

de haberlo sabido no habría venido — if I had known, I wouldn't have come

de resultar esto así — if this turns out to be true

de no ser así — if it were not so, were it not so

de no — LAm (=si no) otherwise

* * *
I
preposición

Sentido I

1) (en relaciones de pertenencia, posesión)

la casa de mis padres/de la actriz — my parents'/the actress's house

el rey de Francia — the king of France

el cumpleaños de Luis — Luis's birthday

no es de él/de ella/de ellos — it isn't his/hers/theirs

su padre de usted — (frml) your father

es un amigo de mi hijo/de la familia — he's a friend of my son's/the family

un estudiante de quinto año — a fifth-year student

la correa del perro — the dog's leash

un avión de Mexair — a Mexair plane

la tapa de la cacerola — the saucepan lid

las calles de la capital — the streets of the capital

la subida de los precios — the rise in prices

al término de la reunión — at the end of the meeting

2)

a) ( introduciendo un nombre en aposición) of

la ciudad de Lima — the city of Lima

el aeropuerto de Barajas — Barajas airport

el mes de enero — the month of January

b) ( con apellidos)

[de is also part of certain surnames like de León and de la Peña]

Sra. Mónica Ortiz de Arocena — ≈Mrs Mónica Arocena

los señores de Díaz — (frml) Mr and Mrs Díaz

las señoritas de Paz — (frml) the Misses Paz (frml)

c) ( en exclamaciones)

pobre de él! — poor him!

ay de mí! — (liter) woe is me! (liter)

Sentido II

3) (expresando procedencia, origen, tiempo) from

volvía del banco — I was on my way back from the bank

es de Bogotá — she's/she comes from Bogotá

una carta de Julia — a letter from Julia

lo saqué de la biblioteca — I got it out of the library

lo recogió del suelo — she picked it up off the floor

un hijo de su primera mujer — a son by his first wife

al salir de la tienda — as he left the store

un amigo de la infancia — a childhood friend

la literatura de ese período — the literature of o from that period

de un día para otro — from one day to the next

de... a... — from... to...

de aquí a tu casa — from here to your house

de nueve a cinco — it's open from nine to five

4) (al especificar material, contenido, composición)

son de plástico — they're (made of) plastic

una mesa de caoba — a mahogany table

una inyección de morfina — an injection of morphine, a morphine injection

un curso de secretariado — a secretarial course

un vaso de agua — a glass of water

una colección de sellos — a stamp collection

un millón de dólares — a million dollars

5) (expresando causa, modo)

murió de viejo — he died of old age

verde de envidia — green with envy

estaba ronco de tanto gritar — he was hoarse from shouting so much

temblando de miedo — trembling with fear

de memoria — by heart

lo tumbó de un golpe — he knocked him down with one blow

de dos en dos or (CS) de a dos — two at a time

de a poco/de a uno — (CS) little by little/one by one

Sentido III

6)

a) (introduciendo cualidades, características)

es de una paciencia increíble — he is incredibly patient

objetos de mucho valor — objects of great value

¿de qué color lo quiere? — what color do you want it?

tiene cara de aburrido — he looks bored

tienes cosas de niño — sometimes you act like a child

una botella de un litro — a liter bottle

un niño de tres meses — a three-month-old child

la chica de azul/del abrigo rojo — the girl in blue/in the red coat

un hombre de pelo largo — a man with long hair

b) ( refiriéndose a una etapa en la vida) as

de niño — as a o when he was a child

7) (indicando uso, destino, finalidad)

el cepillo de la ropa — the clothes brush

copas de vino — wine glasses

ropa de cama — bed clothes

dales algo de comer — give them something to eat

¿qué hay de postre? — what's for dessert?

8)

a) (al definir, especificar)

el botón de abajo — the bottom button

el vecino de al lado — the next-door neighbor

es muy bonita de cara — she has a pretty face

¿qué tal vamos de tiempo? — how are we doing for time?

tiene dos metros de ancho — it's two meters wide

es fácil/difícil de pronunciar — it's easy/difficult to pronounce

b) ( sentido partitivo) of

¿quién de ustedes fue? — which (one) of you was it?

se llevó uno de los míos — she took one of mine

el mayor de los Soto — the eldest of the Soto children

9) ( con sentido ponderativo)

lo encontré de viejo...! — he seemed so old!

qué de coches! — (fam) what a lot of cars!

10)

a) ( con cifras)

el número de estudiantes es de 480 — there are 480 students

pagan un interés del 15% — they pay 15% interest o interest at 15%

b) ( en comparaciones de cantidad) than

cuesta más de £100 — it costs more than o over £100

pesa menos de un kilo — it weighs less than o under a kilo

un número mayor/menor de 29 — a number over/under 29

c) ( con un superlativo)

es el más caro de todos — it's the most expensive one

la ciudad más grande del mundo — the biggest city in the world

11) ( refiriéndose a una parte del día)

duerme de día y trabaja de noche — she sleeps during the day and works at night

salieron de madrugada — they left very early in the morning

12) ( en calidad de) as

trabaja de secretaria — she works as a secretary

hace de rey en la obra — he plays (the part of) a king in the play

13) (en expresiones de estado, actividad)

de mal humor — in a bad mood

estamos de limpieza general/fiesta — we're spring-cleaning/having a party

14) ( en oraciones pasivas) by

una novela de Goytisolo — a novel by Goytisolo

una casa rodeada de árboles — a house surrounded by trees

Sentido IV

15) ( con sentido condicional)

a)

de + inf: de haberlo sabido, habría venido antes if I had known o had I known, I would have come earlier; de no ser así no será considerada — otherwise it will not be considered

b)

ser de + inf — (expresando necesidad, inevitabilidad)

es de esperar que... — it is to be hoped that...

es de destacar su actuación — her performance is worthy of note
II
femenino: name of the letter d

* * *

= across, in respect for, of, off, out of, from, featuring.

Ex. This arrangement may facilitate browsing across different kinds of materials.

Ex. The author of a document is the person or organisation responsible for its creation, that is, the writer of a text, the illustrator in respect for illustrations and others responsible for the intellectual content of a work.

Ex. These institutes brought together some of the most influential people in the field.

Ex. Having entered the next state and a highway off the turnpike, he was amazed by the extraordinary flatness of the land, especially in contrast to the hilly terrain he had grown up with back home.

Ex. However, out of the enormous abundance of information produced, only 50% is new while the rest is redundant.

Ex. From the analysis of some 5760 questions, Wilkinson and Miller developed a 'step approach' to differentiate reference questions according to how many judgmental steps were required to answer them.

Ex. The exhibition also contains a group of ink drawings featuring self-portraits and portraits inspired by classical sculpture.

----

* abogado de oficio = legal aid.

* actuar de otro modo = do + otherwise.

* alabanza de boquilla = lip service.

* alabar de boquilla = give + lip service.

* autorizado de antemano = pre-authorised [pre-authorized, -USA].

* cambiar de una vez a otra = change from + time to time, vary + from time to time.

* comenzar de nuevo = start + all over again.

* de... a = through.

* de abajo hacia arriba = bottom-up.

* de abolengo = well-born.

* de abordo = in-flight.

* de absorción = absorptive.

* de acá para allá = back and forth, to and fro.

* de acceso público = publicly accessible.

* de acceso rápido = fast-access.

* de acceso restringido = closed access.

* de acción = action-centered.

* de acompañante = in tow.

* de actitud = attitudinal.

* de actuación = for action.

* de actualidad = topical.

* de acuerdo = okay, granted, all right, in concert, in agreement, okeydokey! [okidoki], in consort.

* de acuerdo a = according to.

* de acuerdo con = according to, as far as + Nombre + be + concerned, consistent with, in harmony with, in accordance with, in concert with, in keeping with, in line with, in step with, in tune with, by, pursuant to, in concurrence with, based on, in agreement with, as far as + Sujeto + Verbo, in consonance with, in accord with, judging by, to judge by, in conformity with, in + Posesivo + view, judging from.

* de acuerdo con el tema = thematically.

* de acuerdo con este documento = hereunder.

* de acuerdo con esto = accordingly.

* de acuerdo con la búsqueda de cadenas de caracteres = on a string search basis.

* de acuerdo con la estación del año = seasonally.

* de acuerdo con la ley = according to law.

* de acuerdo con la tendencia hacia = in the trend towards.

* de acuerdo con + Nombre = going on + Nombre.

* de acuerdo con + Posesivo + opinión = in + Posesivo + view, in + Posesivo + opinion.

* de acuerdo con + Posesivo + parecer = in + Posesivo + view, in + Posesivo + opinion.

* de acuerdo con + Posesivo + bolsillo = according to + Posesivo + pocket.

* de acuerdo con + Pronombre = in + Posesivo + opinion, in + Posesivo + opinion.

* de adaptación = adaptive.

* de †frica = African.

* de Africa occidental = West African.

* de agua = water-based.

* de aguas profundas = deep-sea.

* de ahí = therefrom.

* de ahí que = hence.

* de ahora en adelante = from now on, from this point on.

* de Alaska = Alaskan.

* de Albania = Albanian.

* de alcance estatal = nationwide [nation-wide].

* de alcance nacional = nationwide [nation-wide].

* de alcohol = spirit-based.

* de alguna forma = in one way or another, one way or another.

* de alguna manera = in some sense, in some way, somehow, in any sense, some way.

* de alguna otra forma = in any other way.

* de algún modo = in any way [in anyway], somehow, after a fashion, in some form, some way.

* de algún modo + Adjetivo = otherwise + Adjetivo.

* de algún modo u otro = of some sort.

* de algún tiempo a esta parte = for some time now.

* de algún tipo = of some description.

* de algún tipo u otro = of some sort.

* de alta alcurnia = well-born.

* de alta cuna = well-born.

* de alta densidad = high-density.

* de alta energía = high energy.

* de alta fidelidad = hi-fi.

* de alta mar = offshore, sea-going, ocean-going.

* de alta potencia = high power.

* de alta presión = high-pressured, high-pressure.

* de alta productividad = high-performance.

* de alta resistencia = heavy-duty.

* de alta tecnología = high-tech, high-technology.

* de alta tensión = heavy-current.

* de alta velocidad = high-speed.

* de alto abolengo = well-born.

* de alto ahorro energético = energy-saving.

* de alto nivel = of a high order, high level [high-level], high-powered.

* de alto rango = high-ranking, highly placed.

* de alto rendimiento = high-performance, heavy-duty.

* de altos vuelos = high-flying, high-powered.

* de alto voltaje = high-voltage.

* de altura = high, top-notch.

* de altura regulable = height-adjustable.

* de aluvión = alluvial.

* de ámbito estatal = statewide [state-wide].

* de amplio alcance = broad in scope.

* de antaño = of old, age-old, old-time, of yore, of olden days, of yesteryear, bygone, gone by.

* de antemano = in advance (of), beforehand.

* de antes de la guerra = pre-war [prewar].

* de antigua generación = low-end.

* de antiguo = from time immemorial.

* de apariencia = cosmetic.

* de apariencia engañosa = meretricious.

* de aplicación específica = special-purpose.

* de aplicación específica a un equipo de ordenador = hardware-based.

* de aplicación general = general-purpose, of general application.

* de apoyo = enabling, supportive.

* de aprovechamiento = exploitative.

* de aquel entonces = of that day.

* de aquí para allá = back and forth.

* de aquí te espero = tremendous, enormous, humongous [humungous], gianormous.

* de Arabia Saudí = Saudi Arabian.

* de archivo = archival, archive.

* de armas tomar = redoubtable.

* de arranque = bootable.

* de arriba abajo = from top to bottom, from head to toe, from head to foot.

* de arriba hacia abajo = top-down.

* de ascendencia + Adjetivo = of + Adjetivo + descent.

* de asesoramiento = consultative.

* de aspecto = looking.

* de aspecto antiguo = old-face.

* de aspecto complicado = complicated-looking.

* de aspecto delgado = lean-looking.

* de aspecto digno = dignified.

* de aspecto impresionante = impressive-looking.

* de aspecto nuevo = new-looking.

* de aspecto poco profesional = botched-up.

* de aspecto profesional = professional-looking.

* de aspecto ruinoso = run-down.

* de aspecto solemne = dignified.

* de atención básica = preattentive.

* de atención primaria = preattentive.

* de atrás = rear.

* de atrás para adelante = back and forth.

* de aupa = royal.

* de autodesprecio = self-deprecating.

* de autogestión = self-managing.

* de autoprotección = self-protective.

* de autosuficiencia = self-satisfied.

* de baja calidad = poor in detail, low-grade [lowgrade], low-quality, third rate [third-rate], low-end, trashy [trashier -comp., trashiest -sup.].

* de baja intensidad = low-intensity [low intensity].

* de baja ralea = ignoble.

* de bajísima calidad = shoddy.

* de bajo consumo = low energy.

* de bajo contenido en grasas = low fat.

* de bajo crecimiento = low-growing.

* de bajo nivel = lower-level, low-level.

* de bajo precio = low-priced.

* de bajo riesgo = low-risk.

* de balde = for free.

* de barrio = neighbourhood-based.

* de base popular = grassroots [grass-roots].

* de bienvenida = salutatory.

* de boca en boca = word-of-mouth, by word of mouth.

* de bodas = bridal.

* de Boole = Boolean.

* de bote en bote = packed to capacity, choc-a-block, chock-full, densely packed, packed, packed to the rafters.

* de broma = humorously, teasingly.

* de bronce = brass.

* de buena calidad = good-quality.

* de buena disposición = good-natured.

* de buena fama = of good repute.

* de buena fe = bona fide, in good faith.

* de buena manera = good-humouredly, good-humoured.

* de buena reputación = of good repute.

* de buenas = on good terms.

* de buenas a primeras = right off the bat, suddenly, without warning, all of a sudden, just like that.

* de buena vecindad = neighbourly [neighborly, -USA].

* de buena voluntad = in good faith.

* de buen corazón = kind-hearted, good-hearted, big-hearted.

* de buen grado = willing, good-humouredly, good-humoured, good-naturedly.

* de buen gusto = tasteful.

* de buen humor = good-humouredly, good-humoured, in good humour.

* de buenos modales = well-mannered.

* de buen vecino = neighbourly [neighborly, -USA].

* de buen ver = good looking.

* de bulla y corriendo = in a rush.

* de caballo = huge, humongous [humungous], massive, gianormous.

* de cabo a rabo = lock, stock and barrel, from head to toe, from head to foot.

* de cachondeo = teasingly.

* de cada día = day to day [day-to-day].

* de cada + Número + veces + Número = Número + times out of + Número.

* de caderas anchas = wide-hipped.

* de cajón = no-brainer.

* de calidad = authoritative, qualitative, quality, well-made, high-end, quality assured, value-added.

* de calidad inferior = low-grade [lowgrade], substandard [sub-standard], low-end.

* de calidad superior = best-quality, top quality.

* de camino = on the way, while we're at it.

* de camino a = en route for, on + Posesivo + way to, en route to.

* de campo = free-range.

* de campos fijos = fixed-field.

* de campus = campus-wide [campuswide].

* de capa caída = at a low ebb, in (the) doldrums.

* de capa y espada = cloak-and-dagger.

* de capital importancia = momentous, of cardinal importance.

* de cara a = face-to-face [face to face], facing.

* de carácter = in character.

* de carácter público = state-owned, government-owned, state-run, government-run, publicly owned [publicly-owned], publicly supported, publicly held.

* de carne = meaty [meatier -comp., meatiest -sup.].

* de carne y hueso = flesh-and-blood.

* de castigo = punitive.

* de casualidad = by accident, by a fluke, by chance, accidentally, by a stroke of (good) luck, by luck.

* de causas desconocidas = idiopathic.

* de cerámica = ceramic.

* de cerca = at close range, at close quarters.

* de chiripa = by a fluke, by a stroke of (good) luck, by chance, by luck.

* de cierto tipo = of a sort, of sorts.

* de cinco años = five yearly [five-yearly].

* de cinco días de duración = five-day.

* de cinco estrellas = 5-star [five-star].

* de cinco meses de duración = five-month-long.

* de civil = in plain clothes.

* de clasificación = classificatory.

* de clausura = cloistered.

* de clausura de congreso = end-of-conference.

* de cobre = cupric.

* de cojones = badass.

* de colegas = collegial, buddying.

* de Colombia = Colombian.

* de color = coloured [colored, -USA], non-white [nonwhite], full-colour, in colour.

* de color crema = creamy [creamier -comp., creamiest -sup.], creamy [creamier -comp., creamiest -sup.], cream-coloured.

* de color de bronce = brassy.

* de colores = full-colour, multi-colour [multi-color -USA].

* de colores vivos = colourful [colorful, -USA].

* de colorines = brightly coloured.

* de color marroncillo = brownish tinged.

* de color rojo = red-coloured.

* de color rosa = rose-coloured.

* de color verde botella = bottle green.

* de color verde oscuro = bottle green.

* de color y textura parecidos al carbón = carbonaceous.

* de comienzos de + Expresión Temporal = earliest + Expresión Temporal.

* de cómo = as to how.

* de compañeros = collegial.

* de complicidad = knowing.

* de comportamiento = behavioural [behavioral, -USA].

* de comportamiento impecable = prim and proper.

* de conceptos = concept-based.

* de conceptos múltiples = multiple-concept.

* de conducta = behavioural [behavioral, -USA].

* de confianza = reliable, trusted, trusting, reputable.

* de confirmación = confirmatory.

* de conformidad con = in compliance with, in keeping with.

* de conformidad con eso = accordingly.

* de conífera = coniferous.

* de construcción básica = brick and frame.

* de construcción sólida = solidly-built.

* de consulta fácil = scannable.

* de consulta mediante órdenes = command-based.

* de consumo = consumptive.

* de contenido enriquecido = content-enriched.

* de contrabando = bootleg.

* de contrapunto = contrapuntal.

* de Corea = Korean.

* de Corea del Sur = South Korean.

* de corral = free-range.

* de corta duración = short term [short-term].

* de corte + Adjetivo = of a + Adjetivo + nature.

* de cosecha propia = home-grown [home grown/homegrown].

* de costa a costa = coast-to-coast.

* de coste cero = zero-cost.

* de costumbre = usual, usually.

* de creación = authorial.

* de crecimiento continuo = steadily growing.

* de crecimiento más rápido = fastest-growing.

* de crecimiento rápido = fast-growing, fast-evolving.

* de cría intensiva = battery-caged.

* de crianza intensiva = battery-caged.

* de Crimea = Crimean.

* de cristal = glass.

* de crucial importancia = crucially important.

* de cualquier forma = in any event, in any way [in anyway], in any case, in any way at all.

* de cualquier forma posible = in any and all ways.

* de cualquier manera = anyhow, higgledy-piggledy, willy-nilly, in any way at all, in any way [in anyway].

* de cualquier modo = however, either way.

* de cualquier tipo = in any way [in anyway], in all forms.

* de cuando en cuando = every once in a while, every so often, every now and then, every now and again.

* de cuatro días de duración = four-day.

* de cuatro estrellas = four-star.

* de Cuba = Cuban.

* de cuerpo largo = long-bodied.

* de deficiente calidad = poor-quality, of poor quality.

* de delante hacia atrás = front to back, fore and aft.

* de densidad doble = double-density.

* de dentro hacia fuera = inside outwards.

* de derechas = right-wing.

* de derecho = de jure [iure].

* de derecho pero no de hecho = in name only.

* de desarrollo = developmental.

* de desarrollo autónomo = self-evolving.

* de desarrollo rápido = fast-evolving.

* de descargo = exonerating, exculpatory.

* de desconexión = cut-off.

* de descubrimiento reciente = newly-discovered.

* de desecho = discarded.

* de desempate = tie-breaker [tiebreaker], tie-breaking [tiebreaking].

* de desguace = written-off.

* de despedida = valedictory.

* de día = in the daytime, during the daytime, during daytime.

* de día a día = from day to day.

* de diámetro = in diameter.

* de diario = everyday.

* de día y de noche = day and night, night and day.

* de diesel = diesel-powered.

* de diferente modo = differently.

* de diferentes niveles = multi-tiered [multitiered], multi-tier [multitier].

* de diferentes tonalidades de gris = grey scale [gray scale].

* de difícil solución = intractable.

* de dinero = well-to-do, well-off.

* de dirección = directorial, administrative.

* de diseño abierto = open-plan, open-planned.

* de diversa índole = kaleidoscopic, of one type or another, of one sort or another, of one kind or another.

* de diversos tipos = of one type or another, of one sort or another, of one kind or another.

* de diverso tipo = of one type or another, of one sort or another, of one kind or another.

* de doble cara = double-hinged, double-sided.

* de doble filo = double-edged.

* de doble hoja = double-hinged.

* de doble sentido = double-edged, two-way.

* de doble uso = dual-use.

* de dolor = in pain.

* de dominio público = publicly owned [publicly-owned].

* de donde = whence, whence, from whence.

* ¿de dónde si no...? = where else...?, where else...?.

* de dos caras = two-sided, two-faced.

* de dos días de duración = two-day [2-day].

* de dos en dos = two at a time.

* de dos letras = two-letter.

* de dos niveles = two-tier.

* de dos páginas = two-page.

* de dos partidos políticos = bipartisan [bi-partisan].

* de dos patas = two-legged.

* de dos piernas = two-legged.

* de dos pies = two-legged.

* de dos plantas = two-storey [two-story].

* de dos tonalidades = bitonal.

* de dos tonos = bitonal.

* de dos volúmenes = two-volume.

* de duelo = in mourning.

* de duración limitada = timebound [time-bound].

* de Ecuador = Ecuadorian.

* de edad = elderly.

* de edad avanzada = over the hill.

* de edad escolar = school-age.

* de edad mediana = middle-aged.

* de edad universitaria = college-age.

* de elaboración de políticas = policy-forming.

* de ello = thereof, therefrom.

* de ellos = theirs.

* de embalsamar = embalming.

* de emisor a receptor = downstream.

* de encaje = lacy.

* de enmienda = amendatory.

* de ensueño = dream-like [dreamlike], picture-perfect.

* de entonces = of the day.

* de entreguerras = interwar.

* de entre los nuestros = in our ranks.

* de entretenimiento = recreational.

* de envergadura = heavy lifting.

* de época = vintage.

* de epopeya = epic.

* de esa época = of the period.

* de escándalo = outrageous.

* de ese modo = in doing so, in this,, thereby.

* de eso = thereof.

* de espaldas anchas = broad-shouldered.

* de especial importancia = of particular note.

* de espíritu cívico = public-spirited.

* de espíritu comunitario = public-spirited.

* de espíritu libre = free-spirited.

* de esta forma = in this fashion, in this manner, in this way.

* de esta manera = in this fashion, in this manner, in this way.

* de este modo = accordingly, by so doing, by this means, in so doing, in this fashion, in this manner, thereby, this way, thus, this way round, in this way, by doing so, in these ways, this is how, in doing so.

* de este modo, de esta forma, de esta manera = in this way.

* de esto, de lo otro y de lo de más allá = about this and that and everything else.

* de Estonia = Estonian.

* de esto y de lo otro = about this and that.

* de estructura de acero = steel-framed.

* de estructura de madera = timber-framed.

* de Europa del Este = Eastern European.

* de Europa Occidental = Western-European, West European.

* de evaluación = evaluative.

* de éxito = successful.

* de éxito asegurado = sure-fire [surefire].

* de éxito garantizado = sure-fire [surefire].

* de éxito seguro = sure-fire [surefire].

* de expansión = expanded.

* de explotación = exploitative.

* de extensión = in length.

* de extensión normal = standard-length.

* de extremada urgencia = serious.

* de fabricación casera = homemade.

* de fácil acceso = easily available, over the counter, handy.

* de fácil alcance para = within easy reach of.

* de fácil manejo = liftable.

* de facto = de facto.

* de fama = of note.

* de fama internacional = of international renown.

* de fama mundial = world-renowned, internationally renowned, world-renown.

* de felpa = plush.

* de fiar = legit.

* de fichas = card-based.

* de fijación de normas = standard(s) setting.

* de final de año = end-year.

* de final de mes = end-of-the-month.

* de finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX = turn-of-the-century.

* de fin de año = end of the year.

* de fin de milenio = millennial.

* de forma = in form.

* de forma abrumadora = overwhelmingly.

* de forma aceptable = adequately, acceptably.

* de forma adecuada = adequately, fitly, appropriately.

* de forma alternada = in alternating fashion.

* de forma alternativa = alternatively.

* de forma anónima = anonymously.

* de forma aplastante = overwhelmingly.

* de forma apreciable = markedly.

* de forma apropiada = properly, fitly, appropriately.

* de forma audible = audibly.

* de forma autónoma = autonomously.

* de forma caprichosa = capriciously.

* de formación = formative.

* de forma clara = clearly.

* de forma cognitiva = cognitively.

* de forma colegiada = collegially.

* de forma combinada = in combination.

* de forma competitiva = competitively.

* de forma complemenetaria = complimentarily.

* de forma completa = in full.

* de forma completa, en su totalidad, completamente, por extenso = in full.

* de forma concisa = concisely.

* de forma conjunta con = in partnership with.

* de forma considerable = considerably.

* de forma continuada = continuously.

* de forma cuadrada = squarish, square-shaped.

* de forma deductiva = deductively.

* de forma desastrosa = disastrously.

* de forma deshonesta = dishonestly.

* de forma diferente = differently shaped.

* de forma digital = digitally.

* de forma divertida = funnily.

* de forma económica = cost-effectively.

* de forma errática = erratically.

* de forma escandalosa = outrageously.

* de forma especulativa = speculatively.

* de forma estructurada = in a structured fashion.

* de forma exquisita = exquisitely.

* de forma extraña = oddly, funnily.

* de forma federal = federally.

* de forma general = widely, bulk.

* de forma global = holistically.

* de forma graciosa = funnily.

* de forma gratis = on a complimentary basis.

* de forma gratuita = on a complimentary basis.

* de forma grotesca = grotesquely.

* de forma heterogénea = heterogeneously [heterogenously].

* de forma heurística = heuristically.

* de forma humorística = in a humorous vein.

* de forma imaginativa = imaginatively.

* de forma indirecta = circuitous route.

* de forma inesperada = out of the blue, like a bolt out of the blue, like a bolt from the blue.

* de forma innata = innately.

* de forma irregular = erratically.

* de forma lamentable = miserably.

* de forma lógica = in a meaningful way.

* de forma mágica = magically.

* de forma mecánica = mechanically.

* de forma mordaz = pungently.

* de forma mordaz, mordazmente, con sarcasmo = pungently.

* de forma muy parecida a = in much the same way as.

* de forma muy similar a = in much the same way as.

* de forma negativa = in a negative light.

* de forma neutral = neutrally.

* de forma notoria = markedly.

* de forma opcional = optionally.

* de forma óptima = optimally.

* de forma personalizada = on a one-to-one basis.

* de forma poco ética = unethically.

* de forma poco imaginativa = unimaginatively.

* de forma poco profesional = unprofessionally.

* de forma poco razonable = unreasonably.

* de forma positiva = in a positive light, constructively.

* de forma práctica = pragmatically.

* de forma precisa = precisely.

* de forma provocativa = provocatively.

* de forma puntual = occasionally, when necessary.

* de forma que = in ways that.

* de forma que resulta más fácil de entender = in digestible form.

* de forma rara = oddly, funnily.

* de forma recíproca = reciprocally.

* de forma rentable = cost-effectively.

* de forma residual = residually.

* de forma ridícula = grotesquely.

* de forma saludable = healthily.

* de forma sana = healthily.

* de forma significativa = to any significant extent, to a significant extent.

* de forma sistemática = in a systematic fashion.

* de forma sofisticada = sophisticatedly.

* de forma subconsciente = subconsciously.

* de forma sublime = subliminally.

* de forma suscinta = in brief.

* de forma terapéutica = therapeutically.

* de forma tosca = in crude form.

* de forma trágica = tragically.

* de fotograma completo = full-frame.

* de fotograma doble = half-frame.

* de frente = head-on, frontal.

* de fuera = outside, off-side.

* de fuera de la ciudad = out-of-town.

* de fuerza = forceful.

* de funcionamiento = operating, operational.

* de fundamental importancia = of prime importance, critically important.

* de gala = gala.

* de Galileo = Galilean.

* de Gambia = Gambian.

* de gas = gas-powered.

* de generación a generación = from generation to generation.

* de generación en generación = from generation to generation.

* de geofísica = geophysical.

* de gestión = managerial, back-office.

* de gestión del museo = curatorial.

* de Glasgow = Glaswegian.

* de golpe = in one lump, all at once, all at once.

* de grado básico = junior grade.

* de gran ahorro energético = energy-saving.

* de gran belleza = scenic.

* de gran calibre = high-calibre.

* de gran calidad = high-quality, high-grade [high grade], high-calibre.

* de gran capacidad = large-capacity, high capacity.

* de gran colorido = brightly coloured.

* de gran corazón = big-hearted.

* de gran efecto = wide-reaching.

* de gran éxito comercial = high selling.

* de gran formato = oversized, oversize.

* de gran impacto = high impact [high-impact].

* de gran influencia = seminal.

* de granja = free-range.

* de gran lucidez = clear-sighted.

* de gran lujo = top-class.

* de gran potencia = high-powered.

* de gran repercusión = far-reaching, wide-reaching, far-ranging.

* de gran talento = talented.

* de gran valor = highly valued, highly valuable.

* de gran valor histórico = of great historical value.

* de gran venta = high selling.

* de guardia = on duty, duty + Profesión, on call.

* de guasa = teasingly.

* de habla afrikaans = Afrikaans-speaking.

* de habla alemana = German-speaking.

* de habla francesa = French-speaking.

* de habla inglesa = English-speaking.

* de habla portuguesa = Portuguese-speaking.

* de hace años = of years ago.

* de hace muchos años = long-standing.

* de hace mucho tiempo = age-old, long-lost.

* de hace siglos = of yore.

* de hace varios siglos = centuries-old.

* de hasta + Número = of up to + Número.

* de hecho = actually, as a matter of fact, as it happened, de facto, in actual fact, in effect, in fact, indeed, in point of fact, in actuality, as it happens, as it is, effectively, for all intents and purposes, to all intents and purposes, for that matter.

* de hierbas = herbal.

* de hierro = iron, ferric.

* de higos a brevas = once in a blue moon.

* de hoja caduca = deciduous.

* de hoja perenne = evergreen.

* de hojas largas = long-leaved.

* de Homero = Homeric.

* de hongos = fungal.

* de horticultura = horticultural.

* de hoy = present-day.

* de hoy día = of today.

* de hoy en adelante = as from today.

* de hoy en día = of today.

* de huelga = striking.

* de humor = funny [funnier -comp., funniest -sup.].

* de ida y vuelta = return, round-trip.

* de ideas afines = like-minded.

* de igual a igual = as a peer.

* de igual forma = in like manner, in a like manner, in like fashion, in like vein.

* de igual longitud = of equal length.

* de igual manera = by the same token, in like fashion, in like manner, in like vein, in equal measure(s).

* de igual modo = alike, equally, in like fashion, in like manner, in like vein.

* de igual modo que = just as, just as well... as..., along the lines of, on the lines (of).

* de igual + Nombre = equally + Adjetivo.

* de ilusiones vive el hombre = We are such stuff as dreams are made on.

* de imitación = copycat.

* de importancia = of note, of consequence.

* de importancia creciente = of growing importance.

* de importancia crucial = crucially important.

* de importancia fundamental = critically important.

* de improviso = unawares, spur-of-the-moment, on the spur of the moment, unexpectedly.

* de incalculable valor = priceless.

* de incógnito = incognito.

* de inferior calidad = low-end, sub-par.

* de inflexión = inflexional [inflectional].

* de inmediato = immediately.

* de inspiración = inspirational.

* de interés especial = of particular concern, special-interest.

* de intereses similares = of like interest.

* de interés general = general-interest, of general interest.

* de interés humano = human interest.

* de interés periodístico = newsworthy.

* de investigación = exploratory.

* de isótopos = isotopic.

* de izquierdas = left-wing, leftist, lefty.

* de jabón = soapy [soapier -comp., soapiest -sup.].

* de jarana = out on the town, a (late) night out on the town.

* de juerga = out on the town, a (late) night out on the town.

* de Kenia = Kenyan.

* de la "a" a la "zeta" = a to z [a/z o a-z].

* de la adolescencia = teenage.

* de la alcaldía = mayoral.

* de la cabeza a los pies = from head to foot, from head to toe.

* de la cara = facial.

* de la Ceca a la Meca = from pillar to post.

* de la clase blanca, protestante y anglosajona americana = WASPish.

* de la cóclea = cochlear.

* de la columna vertebral = spinal.

* de la comedia = comedic.

* de la corteza = crustal, cortical.

* de la cría de aves = avicultural.

* de la duramadre = dural.

* de la edad media = dark-age.

* de la embajada = ambassadorial.

* de la época = of the time(s), of the day.

* de la época isabelina = Elizabethan.

* de la época victoriana = Victorian.

* de la espina dorsal = spinal.

* de la extensión de un libro = book-length.

* de la fama al olvido = riches to rags.

* de la forma más difícil = the hard way.

* de la forma más fácil = the easy way .

* de la fortuna a la pobreza = riches to rags.

* de la fóvea = foveal.

* de la gama alta = high-end.

* de la gama baja = low-end.

* de la gama inferior = low-end.

* de la guerra = wartime [wart-time].

* de la hipótesis = hypothesised [hypothesized, -USA].

* de la localidad = locally based [locally-based].

* de la malaria = malarial.

* de la mama = mammary.

* de la mandíbula inferior = mandibular.

* de la mandíbula superior = maxillar, maxillary.

* de la manera normal = in the normal manner.

* de la mañana = a.m. (latín - ante meridiam), in the morning.

* de la máquina y el hombre = human-machine.

* de la marina = marine.

* de la mejor forma posible = to the best of + Posesivo + abili.

* * *
I
preposición

Sentido I

1) (en relaciones de pertenencia, posesión)

la casa de mis padres/de la actriz — my parents'/the actress's house

el rey de Francia — the king of France

el cumpleaños de Luis — Luis's birthday

no es de él/de ella/de ellos — it isn't his/hers/theirs

su padre de usted — (frml) your father

es un amigo de mi hijo/de la familia — he's a friend of my son's/the family

un estudiante de quinto año — a fifth-year student

la correa del perro — the dog's leash

un avión de Mexair — a Mexair plane

la tapa de la cacerola — the saucepan lid

las calles de la capital — the streets of the capital

la subida de los precios — the rise in prices

al término de la reunión — at the end of the meeting

2)

a) ( introduciendo un nombre en aposición) of

la ciudad de Lima — the city of Lima

el aeropuerto de Barajas — Barajas airport

el mes de enero — the month of January

b) ( con apellidos)

[de is also part of certain surnames like de León and de la Peña]

Sra. Mónica Ortiz de Arocena — ≈Mrs Mónica Arocena

los señores de Díaz — (frml) Mr and Mrs Díaz

las señoritas de Paz — (frml) the Misses Paz (frml)

c) ( en exclamaciones)

pobre de él! — poor him!

ay de mí! — (liter) woe is me! (liter)

Sentido II

3) (expresando procedencia, origen, tiempo) from

volvía del banco — I was on my way back from the bank

es de Bogotá — she's/she comes from Bogotá

una carta de Julia — a letter from Julia

lo saqué de la biblioteca — I got it out of the library

lo recogió del suelo — she picked it up off the floor

un hijo de su primera mujer — a son by his first wife

al salir de la tienda — as he left the store

un amigo de la infancia — a childhood friend

la literatura de ese período — the literature of o from that period

de un día para otro — from one day to the next

de... a... — from... to...

de aquí a tu casa — from here to your house

de nueve a cinco — it's open from nine to five

4) (al especificar material, contenido, composición)

son de plástico — they're (made of) plastic

una mesa de caoba — a mahogany table

una inyección de morfina — an injection of morphine, a morphine injection

un curso de secretariado — a secretarial course

un vaso de agua — a glass of water

una colección de sellos — a stamp collection

un millón de dólares — a million dollars

5) (expresando causa, modo)

murió de viejo — he died of old age

verde de envidia — green with envy

estaba ronco de tanto gritar — he was hoarse from shouting so much

temblando de miedo — trembling with fear

de memoria — by heart

lo tumbó de un golpe — he knocked him down with one blow

de dos en dos or (CS) de a dos — two at a time

de a poco/de a uno — (CS) little by little/one by one

Sentido III

6)

a) (introduciendo cualidades, características)

es de una paciencia increíble — he is incredibly patient

objetos de mucho valor — objects of great value

¿de qué color lo quiere? — what color do you want it?

tiene cara de aburrido — he looks bored

tienes cosas de niño — sometimes you act like a child

una botella de un litro — a liter bottle

un niño de tres meses — a three-month-old child

la chica de azul/del abrigo rojo — the girl in blue/in the red coat

un hombre de pelo largo — a man with long hair

b) ( refiriéndose a una etapa en la vida) as

de niño — as a o when he was a child

7) (indicando uso, destino, finalidad)

el cepillo de la ropa — the clothes brush

copas de vino — wine glasses

ropa de cama — bed clothes

dales algo de comer — give them something to eat

¿qué hay de postre? — what's for dessert?

8)

a) (al definir, especificar)

el botón de abajo — the bottom button

el vecino de al lado — the next-door neighbor

es muy bonita de cara — she has a pretty face

¿qué tal vamos de tiempo? — how are we doing for time?

tiene dos metros de ancho — it's two meters wide

es fácil/difícil de pronunciar — it's easy/difficult to pronounce

b) ( sentido partitivo) of

¿quién de ustedes fue? — which (one) of you was it?

se llevó uno de los míos — she took one of mine

el mayor de los Soto — the eldest of the Soto children

9) ( con sentido ponderativo)

lo encontré de viejo...! — he seemed so old!

qué de coches! — (fam) what a lot of cars!

10)

a) ( con cifras)

el número de estudiantes es de 480 — there are 480 students

pagan un interés del 15% — they pay 15% interest o interest at 15%

b) ( en comparaciones de cantidad) than

cuesta más de £100 — it costs more than o over £100

pesa menos de un kilo — it weighs less than o under a kilo

un número mayor/menor de 29 — a number over/under 29

c) ( con un superlativo)

es el más caro de todos — it's the most expensive one

la ciudad más grande del mundo — the biggest city in the world

11) ( refiriéndose a una parte del día)

duerme de día y trabaja de noche — she sleeps during the day and works at night

salieron de madrugada — they left very early in the morning

12) ( en calidad de) as

trabaja de secretaria — she works as a secretary

hace de rey en la obra — he plays (the part of) a king in the play

13) (en expresiones de estado, actividad)

de mal humor — in a bad mood

estamos de limpieza general/fiesta — we're spring-cleaning/having a party

14) ( en oraciones pasivas) by

una novela de Goytisolo — a novel by Goytisolo

una casa rodeada de árboles — a house surrounded by trees

Sentido IV

15) ( con sentido condicional)

a)

de + inf: de haberlo sabido, habría venido antes if I had known o had I known, I would have come earlier; de no ser así no será considerada — otherwise it will not be considered

b)

ser de + inf — (expresando necesidad, inevitabilidad)

es de esperar que... — it is to be hoped that...

es de destacar su actuación — her performance is worthy of note
II
femenino: name of the letter d

* * *

= across, in respect for, of, off, out of, from, featuring.

Ex: This arrangement may facilitate browsing across different kinds of materials.

Ex: The author of a document is the person or organisation responsible for its creation, that is, the writer of a text, the illustrator in respect for illustrations and others responsible for the intellectual content of a work.

Ex: These institutes brought together some of the most influential people in the field.

Ex: Having entered the next state and a highway off the turnpike, he was amazed by the extraordinary flatness of the land, especially in contrast to the hilly terrain he had grown up with back home.

Ex: However, out of the enormous abundance of information produced, only 50% is new while the rest is redundant.

Ex: From the analysis of some 5760 questions, Wilkinson and Miller developed a 'step approach' to differentiate reference questions according to how many judgmental steps were required to answer them.

Ex: The exhibition also contains a group of ink drawings featuring self-portraits and portraits inspired by classical sculpture.

* abogado de oficio = legal aid.

* actuar de otro modo = do + otherwise.

* alabanza de boquilla = lip service.

* alabar de boquilla = give + lip service.

* autorizado de antemano = pre-authorised [pre-authorized, -USA].

* cambiar de una vez a otra = change from + time to time, vary + from time to time.

* comenzar de nuevo = start + all over again.

* de... a = through.

* de abajo hacia arriba = bottom-up.

* de abolengo = well-born.

* de abordo = in-flight.

* de absorción = absorptive.

* de acá para allá = back and forth, to and fro.

* de acceso público = publicly accessible.

* de acceso rápido = fast-access.

* de acceso restringido = closed access.

* de acción = action-centered.

* de acompañante = in tow.

* de actitud = attitudinal.

* de actuación = for action.

* de actualidad = topical.

* de acuerdo = okay, granted, all right, in concert, in agreement, okeydokey! [okidoki], in consort.

* de acuerdo a = according to.

* de acuerdo con = according to, as far as + Nombre + be + concerned, consistent with, in harmony with, in accordance with, in concert with, in keeping with, in line with, in step with, in tune with, by, pursuant to, in concurrence with, based on, in agreement with, as far as + Sujeto + Verbo, in consonance with, in accord with, judging by, to judge by, in conformity with, in + Posesivo + view, judging from.

* de acuerdo con el tema = thematically.

* de acuerdo con este documento = hereunder.

* de acuerdo con esto = accordingly.

* de acuerdo con la búsqueda de cadenas de caracteres = on a string search basis.

* de acuerdo con la estación del año = seasonally.

* de acuerdo con la ley = according to law.

* de acuerdo con la tendencia hacia = in the trend towards.

* de acuerdo con + Nombre = going on + Nombre.

* de acuerdo con + Posesivo + opinión = in + Posesivo + view, in + Posesivo + opinion.

* de acuerdo con + Posesivo + parecer = in + Posesivo + view, in + Posesivo + opinion.

* de acuerdo con + Posesivo + bolsillo = according to + Posesivo + pocket.

* de acuerdo con + Pronombre = in + Posesivo + opinion, in + Posesivo + opinion.

* de adaptación = adaptive.

* de frica = African.

* de Africa occidental = West African.

* de agua = water-based.

* de aguas profundas = deep-sea.

* de ahí = therefrom.

* de ahí que = hence.

* de ahora en adelante = from now on, from this point on.

* de Alaska = Alaskan.

* de Albania = Albanian.

* de alcance estatal = nationwide [nation-wide].

* de alcance nacional = nationwide [nation-wide].

* de alcohol = spirit-based.

* de alguna forma = in one way or another, one way or another.

* de alguna manera = in some sense, in some way, somehow, in any sense, some way.

* de alguna otra forma = in any other way.

* de algún modo = in any way [in anyway], somehow, after a fashion, in some form, some way.

* de algún modo + Adjetivo = otherwise + Adjetivo.

* de algún modo u otro = of some sort.

* de algún tiempo a esta parte = for some time now.

* de algún tipo = of some description.

* de algún tipo u otro = of some sort.

* de alta alcurnia = well-born.

* de alta cuna = well-born.

* de alta densidad = high-density.

* de alta energía = high energy.

* de alta fidelidad = hi-fi.

* de alta mar = offshore, sea-going, ocean-going.

* de alta potencia = high power.

* de alta presión = high-pressured, high-pressure.

* de alta productividad = high-performance.

* de alta resistencia = heavy-duty.

* de alta tecnología = high-tech, high-technology.

* de alta tensión = heavy-current.

* de alta velocidad = high-speed.

* de alto abolengo = well-born.

* de alto ahorro energético = energy-saving.

* de alto nivel = of a high order, high level [high-level], high-powered.

* de alto rango = high-ranking, highly placed.

* de alto rendimiento = high-performance, heavy-duty.

* de altos vuelos = high-flying, high-powered.

* de alto voltaje = high-voltage.

* de altura = high, top-notch.

* de altura regulable = height-adjustable.

* de aluvión = alluvial.

* de ámbito estatal = statewide [state-wide].

* de amplio alcance = broad in scope.

* de antaño = of old, age-old, old-time, of yore, of olden days, of yesteryear, bygone, gone by.

* de antemano = in advance (of), beforehand.

* de antes de la guerra = pre-war [prewar].

* de antigua generación = low-end.

* de antiguo = from time immemorial.

* de apariencia = cosmetic.

* de apariencia engañosa = meretricious.

* de aplicación específica = special-purpose.

* de aplicación específica a un equipo de ordenador = hardware-based.

* de aplicación general = general-purpose, of general application.

* de apoyo = enabling, supportive.

* de aprovechamiento = exploitative.

* de aquel entonces = of that day.

* de aquí para allá = back and forth.

* de aquí te espero = tremendous, enormous, humongous [humungous], gianormous.

* de Arabia Saudí = Saudi Arabian.

* de archivo = archival, archive.

* de armas tomar = redoubtable.

* de arranque = bootable.

* de arriba abajo = from top to bottom, from head to toe, from head to foot.

* de arriba hacia abajo = top-down.

* de ascendencia + Adjetivo = of + Adjetivo + descent.

* de asesoramiento = consultative.

* de aspecto = looking.

* de aspecto antiguo = old-face.

* de aspecto complicado = complicated-looking.

* de aspecto delgado = lean-looking.

* de aspecto digno = dignified.

* de aspecto impresionante = impressive-looking.

* de aspecto nuevo = new-looking.

* de aspecto poco profesional = botched-up.

* de aspecto profesional = professional-looking.

* de aspecto ruinoso = run-down.

* de aspecto solemne = dignified.

* de atención básica = preattentive.

* de atención primaria = preattentive.

* de atrás = rear.

* de atrás para adelante = back and forth.

* de aupa = royal.

* de autodesprecio = self-deprecating.

* de autogestión = self-managing.

* de autoprotección = self-protective.

* de autosuficiencia = self-satisfied.

* de baja calidad = poor in detail, low-grade [lowgrade], low-quality, third rate [third-rate], low-end, trashy [trashier -comp., trashiest -sup.].

* de baja intensidad = low-intensity [low intensity].

* de baja ralea = ignoble.

* de bajísima calidad = shoddy.

* de bajo consumo = low energy.

* de bajo contenido en grasas = low fat.

* de bajo crecimiento = low-growing.

* de bajo nivel = lower-level, low-level.

* de bajo precio = low-priced.

* de bajo riesgo = low-risk.

* de balde = for free.

* de barrio = neighbourhood-based.

* de base popular = grassroots [grass-roots].

* de bienvenida = salutatory.

* de boca en boca = word-of-mouth, by word of mouth.

* de bodas = bridal.

* de Boole = Boolean.

* de bote en bote = packed to capacity, choc-a-block, chock-full, densely packed, packed, packed to the rafters.

* de broma = humorously, teasingly.

* de bronce = brass.

* de buena calidad = good-quality.

* de buena disposición = good-natured.

* de buena fama = of good repute.

* de buena fe = bona fide, in good faith.

* de buena manera = good-humouredly, good-humoured.

* de buena reputación = of good repute.

* de buenas = on good terms.

* de buenas a primeras = right off the bat, suddenly, without warning, all of a sudden, just like that.

* de buena vecindad = neighbourly [neighborly, -USA].

* de buena voluntad = in good faith.

* de buen corazón = kind-hearted, good-hearted, big-hearted.

* de buen grado = willing, good-humouredly, good-humoured, good-naturedly.

* de buen gusto = tasteful.

* de buen humor = good-humouredly, good-humoured, in good humour.

* de buenos modales = well-mannered.

* de buen vecino = neighbourly [neighborly, -USA].

* de buen ver = good looking.

* de bulla y corriendo = in a rush.

* de caballo = huge, humongous [humungous], massive, gianormous.

* de cabo a rabo = lock, stock and barrel, from head to toe, from head to foot.

* de cachondeo = teasingly.

* de cada día = day to day [day-to-day].

* de cada + Número + veces + Número = Número + times out of + Número.

* de caderas anchas = wide-hipped.

* de cajón = no-brainer.

* de calidad = authoritative, qualitative, quality, well-made, high-end, quality assured, value-added.

* de calidad inferior = low-grade [lowgrade], substandard [sub-standard], low-end.

* de calidad superior = best-quality, top quality.

* de camino = on the way, while we're at it.

* de camino a = en route for, on + Posesivo + way to, en route to.

* de campo = free-range.

* de campos fijos = fixed-field.

* de campus = campus-wide [campuswide].

* de capa caída = at a low ebb, in (the) doldrums.

* de capa y espada = cloak-and-dagger.

* de capital importancia = momentous, of cardinal importance.

* de cara a = face-to-face [face to face], facing.

* de carácter = in character.

* de carácter público = state-owned, government-owned, state-run, government-run, publicly owned [publicly-owned], publicly supported, publicly held.

* de carne = meaty [meatier -comp., meatiest -sup.].

* de carne y hueso = flesh-and-blood.

* de castigo = punitive.

* de casualidad = by accident, by a fluke, by chance, accidentally, by a stroke of (good) luck, by luck.

* de causas desconocidas = idiopathic.

* de cerámica = ceramic.

* de cerca = at close range, at close quarters.

* de chiripa = by a fluke, by a stroke of (good) luck, by chance, by luck.

* de cierto tipo = of a sort, of sorts.

* de cinco años = five yearly [five-yearly].

* de cinco días de duración = five-day.

* de cinco estrellas = 5-star [five-star].

* de cinco meses de duración = five-month-long.

* de civil = in plain clothes.

* de clasificación = classificatory.

* de clausura = cloistered.

* de clausura de congreso = end-of-conference.

* de cobre = cupric.

* de cojones = badass.

* de colegas = collegial, buddying.

* de Colombia = Colombian.

* de color = coloured [colored, -USA], non-white [nonwhite], full-colour, in colour.

* de color crema = creamy [creamier -comp., creamiest -sup.], creamy [creamier -comp., creamiest -sup.], cream-coloured.

* de color de bronce = brassy.

* de colores = full-colour, multi-colour [multi-color -USA].

* de colores vivos = colourful [colorful, -USA].

* de colorines = brightly coloured.

* de color marroncillo = brownish tinged.

* de color rojo = red-coloured.

* de color rosa = rose-coloured.

* de color verde botella = bottle green.

* de color verde oscuro = bottle green.

* de color y textura parecidos al carbón = carbonaceous.

* de comienzos de + Expresión Temporal = earliest + Expresión Temporal.

* de cómo = as to how.

* de compañeros = collegial.

* de complicidad = knowing.

* de comportamiento = behavioural [behavioral, -USA].

* de comportamiento impecable = prim and proper.

* de conceptos = concept-based.

* de conceptos múltiples = multiple-concept.

* de conducta = behavioural [behavioral, -USA].

* de confianza = reliable, trusted, trusting, reputable.

* de confirmación = confirmatory.

* de conformidad con = in compliance with, in keeping with.

* de conformidad con eso = accordingly.

* de conífera = coniferous.

* de construcción básica = brick and frame.

* de construcción sólida = solidly-built.

* de consulta fácil = scannable.

* de consulta mediante órdenes = command-based.

* de consumo = consumptive.

* de contenido enriquecido = content-enriched.

* de contrabando = bootleg.

* de contrapunto = contrapuntal.

* de Corea = Korean.

* de Corea del Sur = South Korean.

* de corral = free-range.

* de corta duración = short term [short-term].

* de corte + Adjetivo = of a + Adjetivo + nature.

* de cosecha propia = home-grown [home grown/homegrown].

* de costa a costa = coast-to-coast.

* de coste cero = zero-cost.

* de costumbre = usual, usually.

* de creación = authorial.

* de crecimiento continuo = steadily growing.

* de crecimiento más rápido = fastest-growing.

* de crecimiento rápido = fast-growing, fast-evolving.

* de cría intensiva = battery-caged.

* de crianza intensiva = battery-caged.

* de Crimea = Crimean.

* de cristal = glass.

* de crucial importancia = crucially important.

* de cualquier forma = in any event, in any way [in anyway], in any case, in any way at all.

* de cualquier forma posible = in any and all ways.

* de cualquier manera = anyhow, higgledy-piggledy, willy-nilly, in any way at all, in any way [in anyway].

* de cualquier modo = however, either way.

* de cualquier tipo = in any way [in anyway], in all forms.

* de cuando en cuando = every once in a while, every so often, every now and then, every now and again.

* de cuatro días de duración = four-day.

* de cuatro estrellas = four-star.

* de Cuba = Cuban.

* de cuerpo largo = long-bodied.

* de deficiente calidad = poor-quality, of poor quality.

* de delante hacia atrás = front to back, fore and aft.

* de densidad doble = double-density.

* de dentro hacia fuera = inside outwards.

* de derechas = right-wing.

* de derecho = de jure [iure].

* de derecho pero no de hecho = in name only.

* de desarrollo = developmental.

* de desarrollo autónomo = self-evolving.

* de desarrollo rápido = fast-evolving.

* de descargo = exonerating, exculpatory.

* de desconexión = cut-off.

* de descubrimiento reciente = newly-discovered.

* de desecho = discarded.

* de desempate = tie-breaker [tiebreaker], tie-breaking [tiebreaking].

* de desguace = written-off.

* de despedida = valedictory.

* de día = in the daytime, during the daytime, during daytime.

* de día a día = from day to day.

* de diámetro = in diameter.

* de diario = everyday.

* de día y de noche = day and night, night and day.

* de diesel = diesel-powered.

* de diferente modo = differently.

* de diferentes niveles = multi-tiered [multitiered], multi-tier [multitier].

* de diferentes tonalidades de gris = grey scale [gray scale].

* de difícil solución = intractable.

* de dinero = well-to-do, well-off.

* de dirección = directorial, administrative.

* de diseño abierto = open-plan, open-planned.

* de diversa índole = kaleidoscopic, of one type or another, of one sort or another, of one kind or another.

* de diversos tipos = of one type or another, of one sort or another, of one kind or another.

* de diverso tipo = of one type or another, of one sort or another, of one kind or another.

* de doble cara = double-hinged, double-sided.

* de doble filo = double-edged.

* de doble hoja = double-hinged.

* de doble sentido = double-edged, two-way.

* de doble uso = dual-use.

* de dolor = in pain.

* de dominio público = publicly owned [publicly-owned].

* de donde = whence, whence, from whence.

* ¿de dónde si no...? = where else...?, where else...?.

* de dos caras = two-sided, two-faced.

* de dos días de duración = two-day [2-day].

* de dos en dos = two at a time.

* de dos letras = two-letter.

* de dos niveles = two-tier.

* de dos páginas = two-page.

* de dos partidos políticos = bipartisan [bi-partisan].

* de dos patas = two-legged.

* de dos piernas = two-legged.

* de dos pies = two-legged.

* de dos plantas = two-storey [two-story].

* de dos tonalidades = bitonal.

* de dos tonos = bitonal.

* de dos volúmenes = two-volume.

* de duelo = in mourning.

* de duración limitada = timebound [time-bound].

* de Ecuador = Ecuadorian.

* de edad = elderly.

* de edad avanzada = over the hill.

* de edad escolar = school-age.

* de edad mediana = middle-aged.

* de edad universitaria = college-age.

* de elaboración de políticas = policy-forming.

* de ello = thereof, therefrom.

* de ellos = theirs.

* de embalsamar = embalming.

* de emisor a receptor = downstream.

* de encaje = lacy.

* de enmienda = amendatory.

* de ensueño = dream-like [dreamlike], picture-perfect.

* de entonces = of the day.

* de entreguerras = interwar.

* de entre los nuestros = in our ranks.

* de entretenimiento = recreational.

* de envergadura = heavy lifting.

* de época = vintage.

* de epopeya = epic.

* de esa época = of the period.

* de escándalo = outrageous.

* de ese modo = in doing so, in this,, thereby.

* de eso = thereof.

* de espaldas anchas = broad-shouldered.

* de especial importancia = of particular note.

* de espíritu cívico = public-spirited.

* de espíritu comunitario = public-spirited.

* de espíritu libre = free-spirited.

* de esta forma = in this fashion, in this manner, in this way.

* de esta manera = in this fashion, in this manner, in this way.

* de este modo = accordingly, by so doing, by this means, in so doing, in this fashion, in this manner, thereby, this way, thus, this way round, in this way, by doing so, in these ways, this is how, in doing so.

* de este modo, de esta forma, de esta manera = in this way.

* de esto, de lo otro y de lo de más allá = about this and that and everything else.

* de Estonia = Estonian.

* de esto y de lo otro = about this and that.

* de estructura de acero = steel-framed.

* de estructura de madera = timber-framed.

* de Europa del Este = Eastern European.

* de Europa Occidental = Western-European, West European.

* de evaluación = evaluative.

* de éxito = successful.

* de éxito asegurado = sure-fire [surefire].

* de éxito garantizado = sure-fire [surefire].

* de éxito seguro = sure-fire [surefire].

* de expansión = expanded.

* de explotación = exploitative.

* de extensión = in length.

* de extensión normal = standard-length.

* de extremada urgencia = serious.

* de fabricación casera = homemade.

* de fácil acceso = easily available, over the counter, handy.

* de fácil alcance para = within easy reach of.

* de fácil manejo = liftable.

* de facto = de facto.

* de fama = of note.

* de fama internacional = of international renown.

* de fama mundial = world-renowned, internationally renowned, world-renown.

* de felpa = plush.

* de fiar = legit.

* de fichas = card-based.

* de fijación de normas = standard(s) setting.

* de final de año = end-year.

* de final de mes = end-of-the-month.

* de finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX = turn-of-the-century.

* de fin de año = end of the year.

* de fin de milenio = millennial.

* de forma = in form.

* de forma abrumadora = overwhelmingly.

* de forma aceptable = adequately, acceptably.

* de forma adecuada = adequately, fitly, appropriately.

* de forma alternada = in alternating fashion.

* de forma alternativa = alternatively.

* de forma anónima = anonymously.

* de forma aplastante = overwhelmingly.

* de forma apreciable = markedly.

* de forma apropiada = properly, fitly, appropriately.

* de forma audible = audibly.

* de forma autónoma = autonomously.

* de forma caprichosa = capriciously.

* de formación = formative.

* de forma clara = clearly.

* de forma cognitiva = cognitively.

* de forma colegiada = collegially.

* de forma combinada = in combination.

* de forma competitiva = competitively.

* de forma complemenetaria = complimentarily.

* de forma completa = in full.

* de forma completa, en su totalidad, completamente, por extenso = in full.

* de forma concisa = concisely.

* de forma conjunta con = in partnership with.

* de forma considerable = considerably.

* de forma continuada = continuously.

* de forma cuadrada = squarish, square-shaped.

* de forma deductiva = deductively.

* de forma desastrosa = disastrously.

* de forma deshonesta = dishonestly.

* de forma diferente = differently shaped.

* de forma digital = digitally.

* de forma divertida = funnily.

* de forma económica = cost-effectively.

* de forma errática = erratically.

* de forma escandalosa = outrageously.

* de forma especulativa = speculatively.

* de forma estructurada = in a structured fashion.

* de forma exquisita = exquisitely.

* de forma extraña = oddly, funnily.

* de forma federal = federally.

* de forma general = widely, bulk.

* de forma global = holistically.

* de forma graciosa = funnily.

* de forma gratis = on a complimentary basis.

* de forma gratuita = on a complimentary basis.

* de forma grotesca = grotesquely.

* de forma heterogénea = heterogeneously [heterogenously].

* de forma heurística = heuristically.

* de forma humorística = in a humorous vein.

* de forma imaginativa = imaginatively.

* de forma indirecta = circuitous route.

* de forma inesperada = out of the blue, like a bolt out of the blue, like a bolt from the blue.

* de forma innata = innately.

* de forma irregular = erratically.

* de forma lamentable = miserably.

* de forma lógica = in a meaningful way.

* de forma mágica = magically.

* de forma mecánica = mechanically.

* de forma mordaz = pungently.

* de forma mordaz, mordazmente, con sarcasmo = pungently.

* de forma muy parecida a = in much the same way as.

* de forma muy similar a = in much the same way as.

* de forma negativa = in a negative light.

* de forma neutral = neutrally.

* de forma notoria = markedly.

* de forma opcional = optionally.

* de forma óptima = optimally.

* de forma personalizada = on a one-to-one basis.

* de forma poco ética = unethically.

* de forma poco imaginativa = unimaginatively.

* de forma poco profesional = unprofessionally.

* de forma poco razonable = unreasonably.

* de forma positiva = in a positive light, constructively.

* de forma práctica = pragmatically.

* de forma precisa = precisely.

* de forma provocativa = provocatively.

* de forma puntual = occasionally, when necessary.

* de forma que = in ways that.

* de forma que resulta más fácil de entender = in digestible form.

* de forma rara = oddly, funnily.

* de forma recíproca = reciprocally.

* de forma rentable = cost-effectively.

* de forma residual = residually.

* de forma ridícula = grotesquely.

* de forma saludable = healthily.

* de forma sana = healthily.

* de forma significativa = to any significant extent, to a significant extent.

* de forma sistemática = in a systematic fashion.

* de forma sofisticada = sophisticatedly.

* de forma subconsciente = subconsciously.

* de forma sublime = subliminally.

* de forma suscinta = in brief.

* de forma terapéutica = therapeutically.

* de forma tosca = in crude form.

* de forma trágica = tragically.

* de fotograma completo = full-frame.

* de fotograma doble = half-frame.

* de frente = head-on, frontal.

* de fuera = outside, off-side.

* de fuera de la ciudad = out-of-town.

* de fuerza = forceful.

* de funcionamiento = operating, operational.

* de fundamental importancia = of prime importance, critically important.

* de gala = gala.

* de Galileo = Galilean.

* de Gambia = Gambian.

* de gas = gas-powered.

* de generación a generación = from generation to generation.

* de generación en generación = from generation to generation.

* de geofísica = geophysical.

* de gestión = managerial, back-office.

* de gestión del museo = curatorial.

* de Glasgow = Glaswegian.

* de golpe = in one lump, all at once, all at once.

* de grado básico = junior grade.

* de gran ahorro energético = energy-saving.

* de gran belleza = scenic.

* de gran calibre = high-calibre.

* de gran calidad = high-quality, high-grade [high grade], high-calibre.

* de gran capacidad = large-capacity, high capacity.

* de gran colorido = brightly coloured.

* de gran corazón = big-hearted.

* de gran efecto = wide-reaching.

* de gran éxito comercial = high selling.

* de gran formato = oversized, oversize.

* de gran impacto = high impact [high-impact].

* de gran influencia = seminal.

* de granja = free-range.

* de gran lucidez = clear-sighted.

* de gran lujo = top-class.

* de gran potencia = high-powered.

* de gran repercusión = far-reaching, wide-reaching, far-ranging.

* de gran talento = talented.

* de gran valor = highly valued, highly valuable.

* de gran valor histórico = of great historical value.

* de gran venta = high selling.

* de guardia = on duty, duty + Profesión, on call.

* de guasa = teasingly.

* de habla afrikaans = Afrikaans-speaking.

* de habla alemana = German-speaking.

* de habla francesa = French-speaking.

* de habla inglesa = English-speaking.

* de habla portuguesa = Portuguese-speaking.

* de hace años = of years ago.

* de hace muchos años = long-standing.

* de hace mucho tiempo = age-old, long-lost.

* de hace siglos = of yore.

* de hace varios siglos = centuries-old.

* de hasta + Número = of up to + Número.

* de hecho = actually, as a matter of fact, as it happened, de facto, in actual fact, in effect, in fact, indeed, in point of fact, in actuality, as it happens, as it is, effectively, for all intents and purposes, to all intents and purposes, for that matter.

* de hierbas = herbal.

* de hierro = iron, ferric.

* de higos a brevas = once in a blue moon.

* de hoja caduca = deciduous.

* de hoja perenne = evergreen.

* de hojas largas = long-leaved.

* de Homero = Homeric.

* de hongos = fungal.

* de horticultura = horticultural.

* de hoy = present-day.

* de hoy día = of today.

* de hoy en adelante = as from today.

* de hoy en día = of today.

* de huelga = striking.

* de humor = funny [funnier -comp., funniest -sup.].

* de ida y vuelta = return, round-trip.

* de ideas afines = like-minded.

* de igual a igual = as a peer.

* de igual forma = in like manner, in a like manner, in like fashion, in like vein.

* de igual longitud = of equal length.

* de igual manera = by the same token, in like fashion, in like manner, in like vein, in equal measure(s).

* de igual modo = alike, equally, in like fashion, in like manner, in like vein.

* de igual modo que = just as, just as well... as..., along the lines of, on the lines (of).

* de igual + Nombre = equally + Adjetivo.

* de ilusiones vive el hombre = We are such stuff as dreams are made on.

* de imitación = copycat.

* de importancia = of note, of consequence.

* de importancia creciente = of growing importance.

* de importancia crucial = crucially important.

* de importancia fundamental = critically important.

* de improviso = unawares, spur-of-the-moment, on the spur of the moment, unexpectedly.

* de incalculable valor = priceless.

* de incógnito = incognito.

* de inferior calidad = low-end, sub-par.

* de inflexión = inflexional [inflectional].

* de inmediato = immediately.

* de inspiración = inspirational.

* de interés especial = of particular concern, special-interest.

* de intereses similares = of like interest.

* de interés general = general-interest, of general interest.

* de interés humano = human interest.

* de interés periodístico = newsworthy.

* de investigación = exploratory.

* de isótopos = isotopic.

* de izquierdas = left-wing, leftist, lefty.

* de jabón = soapy [soapier -comp., soapiest -sup.].

* de jarana = out on the town, a (late) night out on the town.

* de juerga = out on the town, a (late) night out on the town.

* de Kenia = Kenyan.

* de la "a" a la "zeta" = a to z [a/z o a-z].

* de la adolescencia = teenage.

* de la alcaldía = mayoral.

* de la cabeza a los pies = from head to foot, from head to toe.

* de la cara = facial.

* de la Ceca a la Meca = from pillar to post.

* de la clase blanca, protestante y anglosajona americana = WASPish.

* de la cóclea = cochlear.

* de la columna vertebral = spinal.

* de la comedia = comedic.

* de la corteza = crustal, cortical.

* de la cría de aves = avicultural.

* de la duramadre = dural.

* de la edad media = dark-age.

* de la embajada = ambassadorial.

* de la época = of the time(s), of the day.

* de la época isabelina = Elizabethan.

* de la época victoriana = Victorian.

* de la espina dorsal = spinal.

* de la extensión de un libro = book-length.

* de la fama al olvido = riches to rags.

* de la forma más difícil = the hard way.

* de la forma más fácil = the easy way.

* de la fortuna a la pobreza = riches to rags.

* de la fóvea = foveal.

* de la gama alta = high-end.

* de la gama baja = low-end.

* de la gama inferior = low-end.

* de la guerra = wartime [wart-time].

* de la hipótesis = hypothesised [hypothesized, -USA].

* de la localidad = locally based [locally-based].

* de la malaria = malarial.

* de la mama = mammary.

* de la mandíbula inferior = mandibular.

* de la mandíbula superior = maxillar, maxillary.

* de la manera normal = in the normal manner.

* de la mañana = a.m. (latín - ante meridiam), in the morning.

* de la máquina y el hombre = human-machine.

* de la marina = marine.

* de la mejor forma posible = to the best of + Posesivo + abili

* * *

de¹

prep

[ Grammar notes (Spanish) ]

Sentido I

A

(en relaciones de pertenencia, posesión): la casa de mi hermano/de mis padres/de la actriz my brother's/my parents'/the actress's house

el rey de Francia the king of France

el cumpleaños de Luis Luis's birthday

el cumpleaños de la esposa de un compañero a colleague's wife's birthday, the birthday of the wife of one of my colleagues

no es de él/de ella/de ellos it isn't his/hers/theirs

su padre de usted ( frml); your father

un amigo de mi hijo a friend of my son's

es un amigo de la familia he's a friend of the family o a family friend

un estudiante de quinto año a fifth-year student

el nieto de los Arteaga the Arteagas' grandson

la mesa de la cocina the kitchen table

la correa del perro the dog's leash

un avión de Mexair a Mexair plane

la tapa de la cacerola the saucepan lid

las calles de la capital the streets of the capital, the capital's streets

la subida de los precios the rise in prices

al término de la reunión at the end of the meeting

B

1 (introduciendo un nombre en aposición) of

la ciudad de Lima the city of Lima

el aeropuerto de Barajas Barajas airport

el mes de enero the month of January

el imbécil de tu hermano that stupid brother of yours, your stupid brother

el bueno de Ricardo le aguanta cualquier cosa Ricardo is so good, he puts up with anything from her

2

(en exclamaciones): ¡pobre de él! poor him!

¡triste de quien no conozca ese sentimiento! ( liter); pity the person who has never experienced that feeling! ( liter)

C

(con apellidos): Sra. Mónica Ortiz de Arocena ≈ Mrs Mónica Arocena

los señores de Rucabado ( frml); Mr and Mrs Rucabado

las señoritas de Paz ( frml); the Misses Paz ( frml) [de is also part of certain surnames like de León and de la Peña]

D

( Arg crit) (a casa de): voy del médico I'm going to the doctor's

Sentido II

A

1

(expresando procedencia, origen): volvía de clase/del banco I was on my way back from my class/from the bank

es de Bogotá she's from Bogotá, she comes from Bogotá

lo saqué de la biblioteca I got it out of the library

lo recogió del suelo she picked it up off the floor

mis amigos de América my American friends, my friends from America

he recibido carta de Julia I've had a letter from Julia

un hijo de su primera mujer a son by his first wife

al salir de la tienda as he left the store

DE … A …:

de aquí a tu casa from here to your house

2 (en el tiempo) from

un amigo de la infancia a childhood friend

data del siglo XVII it dates from the 17th century

la literatura de ese período the literature of o from that period

lo conozco de cuando estuve en Rosales I know him from when I was in Rosales

de un día para otro from one day to the next

DE … A …:

está abierto de nueve a cinco it's open from nine to five o between nine and five

de aquí a que termine tenemos para rato it'll be a while yet before he finishes, he won't be finished for a while yet

B

(expresando causa): murió de viejo he died of old age

verde de envidia green with envy

estaba ronco de tanto gritar he was hoarse from shouting so much

eso es de comer tan poco that's what comes from o of eating so little

Sentido III

A

(introduciendo cualidades, características): es de una paciencia increíble he is incredibly patient, he is a man of incredible patience

un chiste de muy mal gusto a joke in very bad taste

objetos de mucho valor objects of great value

un pez de agua dulce a freshwater fish

¿de qué color lo quiere? what color do you want it?

tiene cara de aburrido he looks bored

ese gesto es muy de su madre that gesture is very reminiscent of his mother

tienes cosas de niño malcriado sometimes you act like a spoiled child

una botella de un litro a liter bottle

un niño de tres meses a three-month-old child

déme de las de 200 pesos el kilo give me some of those o some of the ones at 200 pesos a kilo

la chica del abrigo rojo the girl with o in the red coat

la señora de azul the lady in blue

un hombre de pelo largo a man with long hair

un anciano de bastón an old man with a stick [de is part of many compounds like cinturón de seguridad, hombre de negocios, válvula de escape, etc ]

B

(al especificar material, contenido, composición): una mesa de caoba a mahogany table

una inyección de morfina an injection of morphine, a morphine injection

el complemento ideal de todo plato de pescado the ideal complement to any fish dish

son de plástico they're (made of) plastic

un curso de secretariado a secretarial course

nos sirvió una copa de champán she gave us a glass of champagne

una colección de sellos a stamp collection, a collection of stamps

un millón de dólares a million dollars

C

(con sentido ponderativo): ¡lo encontré de viejo …! he seemed so old!

¡qué de coches! ( fam); what a lot of cars!

D

(al definir, especificar): tuvo la suerte de conseguirlo she was lucky enough to get it

aprieta el botón de abajo press the bottom button

E

1

(con cifras): el número de estudiantes es de 480 the number of students is 480, there are 480 students

pagan un interés del 15% they pay 15% interest o interest at 15%

2 (en comparaciones de cantidad) than

cuesta más de £100 it costs more than o over £100

pesa menos de un kilo it weighs less than o under a kilo

un número mayor/menor de 29 a number over/under 29

3

(en expresiones de modo): lo tumbó de un golpe he knocked him down with one blow

subió los escalones de dos en dos he went up the stairs two at a time

de a poco (CS); little by little, gradually

4

(CS): de a cuatro/ocho/diez: colócalos de a dos/cuatro put them in twos/fours

entraron de a uno they went in one by one o one at a time [de is part of many expressions entered under frente² m A 2. (↑ frente (2)), improviso, prisa etc]

F (en calidad de) as

está de profesor en una academia he's working as a teacher in a private school

le ofrecieron un puesto de redactor they offered him a job as an editor

hace de enanito en la obra he plays (the part of) a dwarf in the play

le habló de hombre a hombre he talked to him man to man

G

1

(limitando lo expresado a determinado aspecto): es muy bonita de cara she has a pretty face

es corto de talle/ancho de hombros he's short-waisted/broad-shouldered

es sorda de un oído she's deaf in one ear

¿qué tal vamos de tiempo? how are we doing for time?

tiene dos metros de ancho it's two meters wide

2

(refiriéndose a una etapa de la vida): de niño as a child, when he was a child

H

(en expresiones de estado, actividad): estaba de mal humor she was in a bad mood

estamos de limpieza general we're spring-cleaning [de is part of many expressions entered under juerga, picnic, obra etc]

I

(indicando uso, destino, finalidad): el cepillo de la ropa the clothes brush

el trapo de limpiar la plata the cloth for cleaning the silver

lo sirvió en copas de champán he served it in champagne glasses

dales algo de comer give them something to eat

¿qué hay de postre? what's for dessert? [de is part of many compounds like cuchara de servir, máquina de coser, saco de dormir, etc]

J (introduciendo el complemento agente) by

una novela de Goytisolo a novel by Goytisolo, a Goytisolo novel

seguidos del resto de la familia followed by the rest of the family

una casa rodeada de árboles a house surrounded by trees

viene acompañado de arroz it is served with rice

acompañado de su señora esposa ( frml); accompanied by his wife

Sentido IV

A

1 (sentido partitivo) of

¿quién de ustedes fue? which (one) of you was it?

se llevó uno de los míos she took one of mine

el mayor de los Rodríguez the eldest of the Rodríguez children

un cigarrillo de ésos que apestan one of those cigarettes that stink

2

(con un superlativo): eligió el más caro de todos she chose the most expensive one of all

la ciudad más grande del mundo the biggest city in the world

B

(refiriéndose a una parte del día): a las once de la mañana/de la noche at eleven in the morning/at night

duerme de día y trabaja de noche she sleeps during the day and works at night

salieron de madrugada they left very early in the morning

ver tb mañana³ f A. (↑ mañana (3)), tarde² (↑ tarde (2)), etc

Sentido V (con sentido condicional)

A DE + INF:

de haberlo sabido, habría venido antes if I had known, I would have come earlier o had I known, I would have come earlier

de no ser así no será considerada otherwise it will not be considered

de continuar este estado de cosas if this state of affairs persists

B SER DE + INF

(expresando necesidad, inevitabilidad): es de esperar que … it is to be hoped that …, one hopes that …

no son de fiar they are not to be trusted

es de destacar la actuación de Marta Valverde Marta Valverde's performance is worthy of note

C

de no ( AmL); if not

de²

feminine

name of the letter D

* * *

Del verbo dar: ( conjugate dar)

dé es:

1ª persona singular (yo) presente subjuntivo

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente subjuntivo

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) imperativo

Multiple Entries:
dar
de
dé
dar ( conjugate dar) verbo transitivo
1
a) ( entregar) to give;

◊ dale las llaves a Pedro give the keys to Pedro;

déme un kilo de peras can I have a kilo of pears?;
See Also→ conocer verbo transitivo 3 b, entender verbo transitivo
b) ‹cartas/mano› to give

2
a) (donar, regalar) ‹sangre/limosna› to give;

◊ me dio su reloj she gave me her watch

b) ( proporcionar) ‹fuerzas/valor/esperanza› to give;

‹información/idea› to give
3
a) (conferir, aportar) ‹sabor/color/forma› to give

b) ( aplicar) ‹mano de pintura/barniz› to give

c) ‹sedante/masaje› to give

4 ( conceder) ‹prórroga/permiso› to give;
◊ el dentista me dio hora para el miércoles I have an appointment with the dentist on Wednesday;

nos dieron un premio we won o got a prize
5
a) (expresar, decir) ‹parecer/opinón› to give;

◊ ¿le diste las gracias? did you thank him?, did you say thank you?;

dales saludos give/send them my regards;
tuve que déle la noticia I was the one who had to break the news to him
b) (señalar, indicar): me da ocupado or (Esp) comunicando the line's busy o (BrE) engaged;

◊ el reloj dio las cinco the clock struck five

1
a) ( producir) ‹fruto/flor› to bear;

‹ dividendos› to pay;
◊ un negocio que da mucho dinero a business which makes a lot of money

b) (AmL) ( alcanzar hasta):

◊ da 150 kilómetros por hora it can do o go 150 kilometres an hour;

venía a todo lo que daba it was travelling at full speed;
ponen la radio a todo lo que da they turn the radio on full blast
2 (causar, provocar) ‹placer/susto› to give;
‹ problemas› to cause;
◊ dé trabajo to be hard work;

el calor le dio sueño/sed the heat made him sleepy/thirsty
1 ( presentar) ‹ concierto› to give;
◊ ¿qué dan esta noche en la tele? what's on TV tonight? (colloq);

¿dónde están dando esa película? where's that film showing?
2
a) ‹fiesta/conferencia› to give;

‹baile/banquete› to hold;
‹ discurso› (AmL) to make
b) (CS) ‹ examen› to take o (BrE) sit;

ver tb clase 4
( realizar la accion que se indica) ‹ grito› to give;
◊ dé un paso atrás to take a step back;

dame un beso give me a kiss;
ver tb golpe, paseo, vuelta, etc
( considerar) dé algo/a algn por algo:
◊ lo dieron por muerto they gave him up for dead;

ese tema lo doy por sabido I'm assuming you've already covered that topic;
¡dalo por hecho! consider it done!
verbo intransitivo
1
◊ dar a [ puerta] to give onto, open onto;

[ventana/balcón] to look onto, give onto;
[fachada/frente] to face
2 (ser suficiente, alcanzar) dé para algo/algn to be enough for sth/sb;
◊ no me dio (el) tiempo I didn't have time;

dé de sí ‹zapatos/jersey› to stretch
3 ( arrojar un resultado):
◊ el análisis le dio positivo her test was positive;

¿cuánto da la cuenta? what does it come to?;
a mí me dio 247 I made it (to be) 247
4 ( importar):
◊ da lo mismo it doesn't matter;

¡qué más da! what does it matter!;
¿qué más da? what difference does it make?;
me da igual I don't mind
5 ( en naipes) to deal
1
a) (pegar, golpear): déle a algn to hit sb;

( como castigo) to smack sb;
◊ dale al balón kick the ball;

el balón dio en el poste the ball hit the post
b) ( acertar) to hit;

◊ dé en el blanco to hit the target

2 (accionar, mover) déle a algo ‹a botón/tecla› to press sth;
‹ a interruptor› to flick sth;
‹a manivela/volante› to turn sth
3
◊ dar con ( encontrar) ‹ persona› to find;

‹ solución› to hit upon, find;
‹ palabra› to come up with
4 (hablando de manías, ocurrencias) déle a algn por hacer algo ‹por pintar/cocinar› to take to doing sth;
◊ le ha dado por decir que … he's started saying that …

5 [sol/luz]:
◊ aquí da el sol toda la mañana you get the sun all morning here;

la luz le daba de lleno en los ojos the light was shining right in his eyes
darse verbo pronominal
1 ( producirse) [fruta/trigo] to grow
2 ( presentarse) [oportunidad/ocasión] to arise
3 ( resultar) (+ me/te/le etc):
◊ se le dan los idiomas she's good at languages

a) ( refl) ( realizar lo que se indica) ‹ducha/banquete› to have;

◊ dárselas de algo: se las da de valiente/de que sabe mucho he likes to make out he's brave/he knows a lot;

dárselas de listo to act smart
b) (golpearse, pegarse):

◊ se dio con el martillo en el dedo he hit his finger with the hammer;

se dieron contra un árbol they crashed into a tree;
se dio dé un golpe en la rodilla he hit his knee
( considerarse) dése por algo:
◊ con eso me déía por satisfecha I'd be quite happy with that;

ver tb aludir a, enterado 1
de 1 preposición
1
a) (pertenencia, posesión):

◊ la casa dé dé mis padres my parents' house;

el rey dé Francia the king of France;
no es dé él it isn't his;
es un amigo dé mi hijo he's a friend of my son's;
un estudiante dé quinto año a fifth-year student;
la tapa dé la cacerola the saucepan lid;
un avión dé Mexair a Mexair plane
b) ( con un nombre en aposición) of;

◊ la ciudad dé Lima the city of Lima;

el aeropuerto dé Barajas Barajas airport;
el mes dé enero the month of January
2
a) (procedencia, origen, tiempo) from;

◊ es dé Bogotá she's/she comes from Bogotá;

una carta dé Julia a letter from Julia;
un amigo dé la infancia a childhood friend;
la literatura dé ese período the literature of o from that period;
dé aquí a tu casa from here to your house
b) (material, contenido, composición):

◊ son dé plástico they're (made of) plastic;

una mesa dé caoba a mahogany table;
un vaso dé agua a glass of water;
un millón dé dólares a million dollars
c) (causa, modo):

◊ murió dé viejo he died of old age;

dé tanto gritar from shouting so much;
verde dé envidia green with envy;
temblando dé miedo trembling with fear;
dé memoria by heart;
lo tumbó dé un golpe he knocked him down with one blow
d) ( en oraciones pasivas) by;

◊ un poema dé Neruda a poem by Neruda;

rodeada dé árboles surrounded by trees
3
a) (cualidades, características):

◊ de gran inteligencia of great intelligence;

objetos dé mucho valor objects of great value;
¿dé qué color lo quiere? what color do you want it?;
tiene cara dé aburrido he looks bored;
una botella dé un litro a liter bottle;
la chica dé azul the girl in blue
b) (al definir, especificar):

◊ el botón dé abajo the bottom button;

tiene dos metros dé ancho it's two meters wide;
es fácil de pronunciar it's easy to pronounce;
uno dé los míos one of mine;
el mayor dé los Soto the eldest of the Soto children
4
a) ( con cifras):

◊ pagan un interés dél 15% they pay 15% interest o interest at 15%

b) ( en comparaciones de cantidad) than;

◊ más dé £100 more than o over £100;

pesa menos dé un kilo it weighs less than o under a kilo;
un número mayor/menor dé 29 a number over/under 29
c) ( con un superlativo):

◊ es el más caro dé todos it's the most expensive one;

la ciudad más grande dél mundo the biggest city in the world
d) ( refiriéndose a una parte del día):

◊ dé día/noche during the day/at night;

dé madrugada early in the morning
5
a) ( en calidad de) as;

◊ trabaja dé secretaria she works as a secretary;

hace dé rey en la obra he plays (the part of) a king in the play
b) (en expresiones de estado, actividad):

◊ dé mal humor in a bad mood;

estamos dé fiesta we're having a party
c) (indicando uso, destino, finalidad):

◊ el cepillo dé la ropa the clothes brush;

copas dé vino wine glasses;
ropa dé cama bed clothes;
dales algo dé comer give them something to eat;
¿qué hay dé postre? what's for dessert?
6 ( con sentido condicional):
◊ dé haberlo sabido if I had known, had I known;

dé no ser así otherwise
de 2 sustantivo femenino: name of the letter d
dé see
◊ dar

dar
I verbo transitivo
1 to give: dame la mano, hold my hand
2 (conceder) to give: mi padre me dio permiso, my father gave me permission
le doy toda la razón, I think he is quite right
3 (transmitir una noticia) to tell
(un recado, recuerdos) to pass on, give
dar las gracias, to thank
4 (retransmitir u ofrecer un espectáculo) to show, put on
5 (organizar una fiesta) to throw, give
6 (producir lana, miel, etc) to produce, yield
(fruto, flores) to bear
(beneficio, interés) to give, yield
7 (causar un dolor, malestar) dar dolor de cabeza, to give a headache
(un sentimiento) dar pena, to make sad
le da mucha vergüenza, he's very embarrassed
8 (proporcionar) to provide: su empresa da trabajo a cincuenta personas, his factory gives work to fifty people
9 (una conferencia, charla) to give
(impartir clases) to teach
(recibir una clase) to have
US to take
10 (presentir) me da (en la nariz/en el corazón) que eso va a salir bien, I have a feeling that everything is going to turn out well
11 (estropear) to ruin: me dio la noche con sus ronquidos, he spoilt my sleep with his snoring
12 (abrir el paso de la luz) to switch on
(del gas, agua) to turn on
13 (propinar una bofetada, un puntapié, etc) to hit, give
14 (aplicar una mano de pintura, cera) to apply, put on
(un masaje, medicamento) to give
15 (considerar) dar por, to assume, consider: lo dieron por muerto, he was given up for dead
ese dinero lo puedes dar por perdido, you can consider that money lost
dar por supuesto/sabido, to take for granted, to assume
16 (la hora, un reloj) to strike: aún no habían dado las ocho, it was not yet past eight o'clock
17 (realizar la acción que implica el objeto) dar un abrazo/susto, to give a hug/fright
dar un paseo, to go for a walk
dar una voz, to give a shout
II verbo intransitivo
1 (sobrevenir) le dio un ataque de nervios, she had an attack of hysterics
2 dar de comer/cenar, to provide with lunch/dinner 3 dar a, (mirar, estar orientado a) to look out onto, to overlook
(una puerta) to open onto, lead to: esa puerta da al jardín, this door leads out onto the garden 4 dar con, (una persona, objeto) to come across: no fuimos capaces de dar con la contraseña, we couldn't come up with the password
dimos con él, we found him 5 dar de sí, (una camiseta, bañador) to stretch, give 6 dar en, to hit: el sol me daba en los ojos, the sun was (shining) in my eyes 7 dar para, to be enough o sufficient for: ese dinero no me da para nada, this money isn't enough for me
♦ Locuciones: dar a alguien por: le dio por ponerse a cantar, she decided to start singing
le dio por nadar, he got it into his head to go swimming
dar a entender a alguien que..., to make sb understand that...
dar la mano a alguien, to shake hands with sb
dar para: el presupuesto no da para más, the budget will not stretch any further
dar que hablar, to set people talking
dar que pensar: el suceso dio que pensar, the incident gave people food for thought
dar a conocer, (noticia) to release
de preposición
1 (pertenencia, posesión) of
la dirección de mis padres, my parents' address
el teclado de este ordenador, this computer's keyboard
la primera página del libro, the first page of the book
2 (material) of: está hecho de madera, it's made of wood
una pajarita de papel, a paper bird
(contenido) un vaso de vino, a glass of wine
3 (asunto) about, on: sabe mucho de economía, she knows a lot about economics
un curso de inglés, an English course
un libro de arte, a book on art
4 (oficio) as: está/trabaja de enfermera, she is working as a nurse
5 (cualidad) una persona de carácter, a person with character
una rubia de pelo largo, a blonde with long hair
6 (procedencia) from: es de Bilbao, he is o comes from Bilbao
de Madrid a Cáceres, from Madrid to Cáceres
7 (parte) un poco de leche, a little milk
un trozo de carne, a piece of meat
8 (causa) with, because of
llorar de alegría, to cry with joy
morir de hambre, to die of hunger
9 (modo) lo bebió de un trago, she downed it in one
un gesto de satisfacción, an expression of satisfaction
10 (localización) el señor de la camisa azul, the man in the blue shirt
la casa de la esquina, the house on the corner
11 (tiempo) a las cinco de la mañana, at five in the morning
de año en año, year in year out
de día, by day
de noche, at night
de miércoles a viernes, from Wednesday to Friday
de pequeño, as a child
12 (finalidad) jornada de reflexión, eve of polling day
libro de consulta, reference book
máquina de escribir, typewriter
13 (instrumento) derribó la puerta de una patada, he kicked the door down
lo mataron de una puñalada, he was stabbed to death
14 (comparación) el discurso fue más largo de lo esperado, the speech was longer than expected
(con superlativo) in
el coche más caro del mundo, the most expensive car in the world
15 (precio) for
un pantalón de dos mil pesetas, a pair of trousers costing two thousand pesetas 16 una avenida de quince kilómetros, an avenue fifteen kilometres long
una botella de litro, a litre bottle
17 (condicional) de haberlo sabido no le hubiera invitado, if I had known I wouldn't have invited him
de no ser así, if that wasn't o weren't the case
de ser cierto, if it was o were true
18 (reiteración) de puerta en puerta, from door to door
de tres en tres, in threes o three at a time

'dé' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
A
- a. C.
- a.m.
- abajo
- abanderada
- abanderado
- abandonar
- abandonarse
- abandono
- abanico
- abarrotar
- abarrotada
- abarrotado
- abarrotería
- abastecer
- abastecerse
- abastecimiento
- abasto
- abatir
- abatimiento
- abatirse
- abdicar
- abertura
- abierta
- abierto
- abismo
- ablandar
- abogar
- abogacía
- abogada
- abogado
- abominar
- abominable
- abono
- abortar
- abrir
- abridor
- abrigo
- abrupta
- abrupto
- absoluta
- absolutamente
- absoluto
- abstenerse
- abstención
- abstinencia
- abstraerse
- abuelo
- abuhardillada
- abuhardillado
English:
A
- A-level
- a.m.
- AA
- abandon
- ABC
- ability
- ablaze
- aboard
- about
- about-face
- about-turn
- above
- abreast
- abroad
- abrupt
- absence
- absent
- absolve
- absorb
- abstain
- abstract
- abundance
- abuse
- AC
- accepted
- access road
- accident
- accidental
- acclaim
- accommodate
- accommodation
- accomplished
- accomplishment
- accordance
- account
- account for
- accountable
- accumulation
- accuracy
- accurate
- accurately
- accuse
- accused
- accusingly
- accustom
- ache
- Achilles heel
- aching
- acid test

* * *

de prep de combines with the article el to form the contraction del (e.g. del hombre of the man).

1. [posesión, pertenencia] of;

el automóvil de mi padre/mis padres my father's/parents' car;

es de ella it's hers;

la maleta es de Eva the suitcase is Eva's o belongs to Eva;

el padre de la niña the girl's father;

el director de la empresa the manager of the company, the company's manager;

la boda o [m5] el casamiento de un amigo de mi hermano the wedding of a friend of my brother's, a friend of my brother's wedding;

un equipo de segunda división a second division team;

la comida del gato the cat's food;

el título de la novela the novel's title, the title of the novel;

la pata de la mesa the table leg;

una subida de precios a price rise;

los señores de Navarro Mr and Mrs Navarro

2. [procedencia, distancia] from;

salir de casa to leave home;

soy de Bilbao I'm from Bilbao;

no soy de aquí I'm not from round here;

de la playa al apartamento hay 100 metros it's 100 metres from the beach to the apartment;

estamos a 10 kilómetros de Buenos Aires we're 10 kilometres away from Buenos Aires;

el rey de España the king of Spain;

tuvo dos hijos de su primera esposa he had two children by his first wife;

b de Barcelona [deletreando] b for Barcelona

3. [en razonamiento]
de su sonrisa se deduce que todo ha ido bien you can tell from o by her smile that it all went well;

del resultado del experimento concluyo que la fórmula no funciona I infer from the result of the experiment that the formula doesn't work

4. [con nombre en aposición]
la ciudad de Caracas the city of Caracas;

el túnel del Canal the Channel Tunnel;

el signo de tauro the sign of Taurus;

el puerto de Cartagena the port of Cartagena

5. [en descripciones]
una película de terror a horror movie o Br film;

la señora de verde the lady in green;

el chico de la coleta the boy with the ponytail;

una actriz de veinte años a twenty-year-old actress;

¿de qué tamaño? what size?;

un político de fiar a trustworthy politician

6. [materia] (made) of;

un vaso de plástico a plastic cup;

un reloj de oro a gold watch;

una mesa de madera a wooden table

7. [contenido]
un vaso de agua a glass of water;

un plato de lentejas a plate of lentils

8. [precio]
he comprado las peras de 80 céntimos el kilo I bought the pears that were 80 cents a kilo;

un sello de 50 céntimos a 50-cent stamp

9. [uso]
una bici de carreras a racing bike;

ropa de deporte sportswear;

una máquina de escribir a typewriter;

una máquina de coser a sewing machine;

esta sartén es la del pescado y ésta la de las tortillas this frying pan's for fish and this one's for omelettes

10. [asunto] about;

hablábamos de ti we were talking about you;

libros de historia history books

11. [en calidad de] as;

trabaja de bombero he works as a fireman;

aparece de cosaco he appears as a Cossack, he plays a Cossack;

estás muy guapa de uniforme you look very pretty in uniform;

al desfile de carnaval iré de Napoleón I'll go as Napoleon in the carnival parade

12. [tiempo] [desde] from;
[durante] in;
trabaja de nueve a cinco she works from nine to five;

vivió en Bolivia de 1975 a 1983 she lived in Bolivia between 1975 and 1983, she lived in Bolivia from 1975 to 1983;

de madrugada early in the morning;

a las cuatro de la tarde at four in the afternoon;

trabaja de noche y duerme de día he works at night and sleeps during the day;

es de día it's daytime;

de niño solía jugar en la calle as a child I used to play in the street;

¿qué quieres ser de mayor? what do you want to be when you grow up?;

un compañero del colegio a friend from school;
Urug
de mañana/tarde in the morning/afternoon;
Urug
de noche at night;
Urug
ayer salimos de noche we went out last night

13. [causa] with;

morirse de hambre to die of hunger;

llorar de alegría to cry with joy;

temblar de miedo to tremble with fear;

eso es de fumar tanto that's what comes from smoking so much

14. [manera, modo] with;

de una patada with a kick;

rompió el cristal de una pedrada he shattered the window with a stone;

de una sola vez in one go;

lo bebió de un trago he drank it down in one go;

de tres en tres/cuatro en cuatro/ etc[m5]. three/four/ etc at a time;
CSur
de a tres/cuatro/ etc[m5]. in threes/fours/ etc;

de fácil manejo user-friendly;

ponerse de rodillas to kneel down

15. [con valor partitivo] of;

uno de los nuestros one of ours;

varios de nosotros several of us;

¿quién de vosotros sabe la respuesta? which of you knows the answer?

16. Literario [sobre]
de la paz y la guerra of war and peace

17. [en valoración]
lo tacharon de vulgar they branded him as vulgar, they accused him of being vulgar

18. [en lugar de]
yo de ti no lo haría I wouldn't do it if I were you;

yo de Eduardo le pediría perdón if I were Eduardo, I'd say sorry to her

19. [en comparaciones]
más/menos de… more/less than…;
[con superlativos]
el mejor de todos the best of all;

el más importante del mundo the most important in the world;

la peor película del año the worst film this year o of the year;

la impresora más moderna del mercado the most up-to-date printer on the market

20. (antes de infinitivo) [condición] if;

de querer ayudarme, lo haría if she wanted to help me, she'd do it;

de no ser por ti, me hubiese hundido if it hadn't been for you, I wouldn't have made it;

de ir a verte, sería este domingo if I do visit you, it'll be this Sunday

21. (después de adjetivo y antes de sustantivo) [enfatiza cualidad]
el idiota de tu hermano your stupid brother;

la buena de Susana good old Susana;

¡pobre de mí! poor me!

22. (después de adjetivo y antes de infinitivo)
es difícil de creer it's hard to believe;

una velada imposible de olvidar an unforgettable evening

23. (después del verbo “haber”) [obligación]
he de trabajar más I have to work harder;

has de gastar menos you should spend less

24. (antes de complemento agente)
una película de Buñuel a film by Buñuel, a Buñuel film;

vino acompañado de su familia he was accompanied by his family

25. (antes de adverbio de lugar)
el apartamento de abajo the downstairs Br flat o US apartment;

la fila de delante the front row

♦ de no loc conj
Am otherwise;
dime la verdad, de no te castigaré tell me the truth, otherwise I'm going to punish you

* * *

de

prp

1 origen from;

de Nueva York from New York;

de … a from … to

2 posesión of;

el coche de mi amigo my friend’s car

3 material (made) of;

un anillo de oro a gold ring

4 contenido of;

un vaso de agua a glass of water

5 cualidad

:

una mujer de 20 años a 20 year old woman

6 causa with;

temblaba de miedo she was shaking with fear

7 hora

:

de noche at night, by night;

de día by day

8 en calidad de as;

trabajar de albañil work as a bricklayer;

de niño as a child

9 agente by;

de Goya by Goya

10 condición if;

de haberlo sabido if I’d known

11 en aposición

:

la ciudad de Lima the city of Lima

* * *

de prep

1) : of

la casa de Pepe: Pepe's house

un niño de tres años: a three-year-old boy

2) : from

es de Managua: she's from Managua

salió del edificio: he left the building

3) : in, at

a las tres de la mañana: at three in the morning

salen de noche: they go out at night

4) : than

más de tres: more than three

dé dar

* * *

de prep

1. (posesión de alguien) 's

el coche de Alberto Alberto's car

los gatos de Emma Emma's cats

la profesora de Marta Marta's teacher

es de mi hermano it's my brother's

2. (posesión de algo) of

la ciudad de Roma the city of Rome

el mes de noviembre the month of November

el teléfono del colegio the school phone

los árboles del jardín the trees in the garden

3. (materia)

un balón de cuero a leather ball

muebles de madera wooden furniture

un vaso de plástico a plastic cup

4. (contenido) of

una botella de agua a bottle of water

un paquete de arroz a packet of rice

un vaso de leche a glass of milk

5. (materia, tema)

profesor de inglés English teacher

novela de aventuras adventure story

película de terror horror film

6. (origen, procedencia) from

es de Asturias he's from Asturias

esta carretera va de Salamanca a Zamora this road goes from Salamanca to Zamora

7. (descripción) with / in

la chica del pelo largo the girl with long hair

el hombre de negro the man in black

un chico de doce años a twelve year old boy

8. (agente) by

un libro de Rosa Montero a book by Rosa Montero

9. (con expresiones de tiempo)

es la una de la tarde it's one o'clock in the afternoon

el tren de las diez the ten o'clock train

abren de nueve a siete they open from nine until seven

nunca viajamos de noche we never travel at night

de niño when I was a child

10. (con números, una parte) than / of

había más de mil personas there were more than a thousand people

pesa menos de 5 kilos it weighs less than 5 kilos

un trozo de pan a piece of bread

Spanish-English dictionary > de

7 так

нареч.
1. (в разн. знач.) so; (таким образом тж.) thus, like this, this way

так страшно — so terrible

так необходимо — so necessary

так важно — so important

сделайте так, чтобы — do it so that

вся неделя так прошла — the whole week passed thus, или like that

сделайте так! — do it like this!

дело обстоит так — this is how matters stand

он говорил так, как будто — he spoke as though

он так говорил, что — he spoke in such a way that

я так и сказал ему, что — I told him in so many words that

пусть так останется — let it remain as it is

так выйти нельзя — you cannot go out this way

он отвечал так — he answered thus, или as follows, this is the answer he gave

здесь что-то не так — there is smth. wrong here

так ли я говорю, делаю и т. п.? — am I right?, am I doing right?, etc.

точно так — in exactly the same way

именно так — just so

вот так! — that's the way!, that's right!

так, как это было — how it was, the way it was

так же (как) — just as; the same way as

будьте так добры — (+ пов.) please (+ imper.); (+ инф.) would you be so kind (as + to inf.)

так ли? — is that so?

так ли это? — is that (really) the case?, is that so?

не так ли? — isn't that so?

так и есть — so it is

так чтобы (+ инф.) — so as (+ to inf.)

так чтобы не (+ инф.) — so as not (+ to inf.)

так что — so that

так и не — never

он так и не пришёл, не сделал, не сказал и т. п. — he never came, did it, said, etc., he did not (didn't) come, do it, say, etc., after all

я так и не узнал — I never found out, или learnt

2. (в таком случае, тогда) then; ( итак) so

ты не пойдёшь, так я пойду — if you don't go, then I shall

не тут, так там — if (it is) not here, then (it is) there

так он приехал! — so he has come!

так вы его знаете! — so you know him!

так вот где — so that is where

так так и скажите — then say so

3.:

так как союз — as, since:

он не может передать ей книгу, так как она уже уехала — he can't give her the book as / since she has already left

♢ так или иначе — in any event, in any case; one way or another; ( в том и другом случае) in either event

так и так — this way and that, either way

а так — as it is

так ему и т. д. и надо! разг. — (it) serves him, etc., right!

так называемый — (the) so-called

так сказать — so to speak / say

как так? — how is that?, how do you mean?

так например — thus, for example

и так и сяк, и так и этак — this way and that, this way, that way and every way

и так далее — etcetera, and so on / forth

и т. д. — etc.

так и быть — all right, very well; so be it, right you are

так себе — so-so, middling

книжка эта так себе — this book is not up to much

и так ( и без того уже) — as it is

как бы не так! — not likely!; nothing of the kind!

если так — if that's the case

так-то так, но — that's true, but

он это так (только) сказал, сделал — he said it, did it, for no special reason, или for no reason in particular

так бы...! (взять бы да и...) — wouldn't I just...!

так он это и сделает! ( не сделает) — like hell he'll do it!; you actually think he'll do it!

так и знай(те) — get this straight; now understand me ( в начале предложения)

так точно! воен. — yes!

Русско-английский словарь Смирнитского > так

8 понятно

(см. также очевидно, видно) it is clear
• Более того, теперь понятно, что... - Furthermore it is now clear that...

• В ретроспективе понятно, что... - In retrospect it is clear that...

• В то же самое время было также понятно, что... - At the same time, it was also clear that...

• Во-первых, понятно, что... - First, it is clear that...

• Далее, вполне понятно, что... - Further, it is quite clear that...

• Действительно, из (1) понятно, что... - Indeed it is clear from (1) that...

• Должно быть понятно, что имеется некоторый риск... - It should be clear that there is some risk in...

• Еще не скоро будет понятно, как... - We have still a long way to go toward understanding how...

• Из определения понятно, что... - It is plain from the definition that...

• Из рисунка понятно, что... - From the figure it is clear that...

• Из сделанных замечаний должно быть понятно, что... - It should be clear from the above remarks that...

• Из соотношения (4) понятно, что... - It is clear from (4) that...

• Однако из нашего рассуждения понятно, что... - However, it is clear from our discussion that...

• Позднее станет понятно, что... - It will become apparent later that...

• Скоро будет понятно, почему это так. - The reason for this will soon be clear.

• Теперь нам стало понятно, что означает... - This implies that we understand what is meant by...

• Теперь понятно, как обращаться с... - It is now clear how to deal with...

• Теперь понятно, что... - It is now clear that...

• Уже должно быть понятно, что... - It must already be clear that...

• Что не слишком хорошо понятно, это... - What is not well understood is that...

• Преимущество этого заключается в том, что становится вполне понятно, что... - This has the advantage of making it quite clear that...

• Это кажется обнадеживающим до тех пор, пока не становится понятно, что... - This seems encouraging until it is realized that...

• Это станет понятно, когда мы обсудим... - This will be seen more clearly when we discuss...

Русско-английский словарь научного общения > понятно

9 golpe

m.

1 blow (impacto).

me di un golpe en la rodilla I banged my knee

tengo un golpe en el brazo I've banged my arm

el coche tiene un golpe en la puerta the car door has a dent in it

moler a alguien a golpes to beat somebody up

un golpe bajo (sport) a blow below the belt; a low blow (figurative)

golpe de castigo penalty (kick) (en rugby)

golpe franco free kick

2 blow (disgusto).

3 raid, job (holdup).

dar un golpe to do a job

4 witticism (ocurrencia).

5 shot.

6 ictus.

7 coup.

8 pocket, hill drop.

* * *

golpe

► nombre masculino

1 blow, knock (puñetazo) punch

■ le dio un golpe he hit him

2 (de coche) collision; (fuerte) bang; (ligero) bump

3 figurado (desgracia) blow, misfortune

■ su muerte fue un duro golpe para nosotros his death was a great blow to us

4 (gracia) witticism, sally

■ aunque parece serio tiene golpes muy buenos he may seem rather serious, but he's really good crack

5 familiar (robo) hold-up, robbery

6 (militar) coup

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

a golpes by force

al primer golpe de vista at first glance

de golpe / de golpe y porrazo suddenly, all of a sudden

de un golpe all at once, in one go

errar el golpe to miss

no dar golpe / no pegar ni golpe familiar not to lift a finger, not do a blessed thing

parar el golpe to soften the blow

golpe bajo figurado punch below the belt

golpe de efecto dramatic move

golpe de Estado coup, coup d'état

golpe de fortuna stroke of luck

golpe de gracia coup de grâce

golpe de mano surprise attack

golpe de vista quick glance

golpe franco (fútbol) free kick

golpe maestro masterstroke

golpe mortal death blow, fatal blow

* * *

noun m.

1) blow

2) knock

3) stroke

•

- de golpe
- golpe de estado
* * *

SM

1) (=impacto) hit, knock; (=choque) shock, clash; (=encuentro) bump; [con un remo] stroke; [del corazón] beat, throb

oímos un golpe a la puerta — we heard a knock at the door

en cuanto compras un coche nuevo tienes un golpe — as soon as you buy a new car it gets a knock

tras el golpe contra el muro tuvo que abandonar la carrera — after crashing into the wall he had to abandon the race

• dar un golpe, el coche de atrás nos dio un golpe — the car behind ran into us

dar golpes en la puerta — to hammer at the door

• darse un golpe, se dio un golpe en la cabeza — he got a bump on his head, he banged his head

se dio un golpe contra la pared — he hit the wall

darse golpes de pecho — to beat one's breast

• errar el golpe — to fail in an attempt

- no dar golpe

- a golpe dado no hay quite

2) [dado por una persona a otra] blow

le dio un golpe con un palo — he gave him a blow with his stick, he hit him with his stick

• a golpes, la emprendieron a golpes contra él — they began to beat him

le mataron a golpes — they beat him to death

les molieron a golpes — they beat them up

los sacaron de la cama a golpes — they were beaten from their beds

• descargar golpes sobre algn — to rain blows on sb

golpe aplastante — crushing blow, knockout blow

golpe bien dado — hit, well-aimed blow

golpe de gracia — coup de grâce

golpe mortal — death blow

3) (Med) (=cardenal) bruise

4) [en deportes] (Ftbl) kick; (Boxeo) [gen] blow; (=puñetazo) punch

con un total de 280 golpes — (Golf) with a total of 280 strokes

preparar el golpe — (Golf) to address the ball

golpe bajo — (Boxeo) low punch, punch below the belt

aquello fue un golpe bajo — that was below the belt

golpe de acercamiento — (Golf) approach shot

golpe de castigo — (Ftbl etc) penalty kick

golpe de martillo — (Tenis) smash

golpe de penalidad — (Golf) penalty stroke

golpe de salida — (Golf) drive, drive-off

golpe franco, golpe libre — (Ftbl) free kick

golpe libre indirecto — indirect free kick

5) (Téc) stroke

golpe de émbolo — piston stroke

6) (=desgracia) blow

mi ingreso en la cárcel fue un duro golpe para la familia — my imprisonment was a harsh blow to the family

ha sufrido un duro golpe — he has had a hard knock, he has suffered a severe blow

la policía ha asestado un duro golpe al narcotráfico — the police have dealt a serious blow to drug traffickers

acusar el golpe — to suffer the consequences

7) (=sorpresa) surprise

• dar el golpe con algo — to cause a sensation with sth

8) * (=atraco) job *, heist (EEUU)

dieron un golpe en un banco — they did a bank job *

preparaba su primer golpe — he was planning his first job *

9) (=salida) witticism, sally

¡qué golpe! — how very clever!, good one!

el libro tiene unos golpes buenísimos — the book's got some great lines in it

10) (Pol) coup

golpe blanco — bloodless coup

golpe de estado — coup d'état

golpe de mano — rising, sudden attack

golpe de palacio — palace coup

11) [otras expresiones]

• a golpe de, abrir paso a golpe de machete — to hack out a path with a machete

lo consiguieron a golpe de talonario — they got it through chequebook power

• al golpe — Caribe instantly

• de golpe, la puerta se abrió de golpe — the door flew open

cerrar una puerta de golpe — to slam a door (shut)

la puerta se cerró de golpe — the door slammed shut

de golpe decidió dejar el trabajo — he suddenly decided to give up work

• de un golpe — in one go

- ir a golpe de calcetín o de alpargata

- de golpe y porrazo

golpe de agua — heavy fall of rain

golpe de calor — heatstroke

golpe de efecto — coup de théâtre

golpe de fortuna — stroke of luck

golpe de gente — crowd of people

golpe de mar — heavy sea, surge

golpe de sol — sunstroke

golpe de suerte — stroke of luck

golpe de teatro — coup de théâtre

golpe de teléfono — telephone call

golpe de timón — change of direction

golpe de tos — fit of coughing

golpe de viento — gust of wind

golpe de vista, al primer golpe de vista — at first glance

golpe maestro — master stroke, stroke of genius

12) (Cos) (=adorno) pocket flap; Col (=vuelta) facing

13) Méx (=mazo) sledgehammer

14) Caribe * (=trago) swig *, slug * ( of liquor)

* * *

masculino

1) (choque, impacto) knock

se dio un golpe contra la pared — she knocked into the wall

me di un golpe en la cabeza — I hit my head

te vas a dar un golpe — you'll hurt yourself

cerró el libro de un golpe — she snapped o slammed the book shut

me dio un golpe en la espalda — he slapped me on the back

dio unos golpes en la mesa — he tapped on the table; ( más fuerte) he knocked on the table; ( aún más fuerte) he banged on the table

a golpe de — (Ven) around

de golpe — ( repentinamente) suddenly; ( quizás) (Col fam) maybe, perhaps

la puerta se abrió/cerró de golpe — the door flew open/slammed shut

de golpe y porrazo — (fam) ( de repente) suddenly

de un golpe — ( de una vez) all at once; ( de un trago) in one go o gulp

2)

a) ( al pegarle a alguien) blow

le dio or pegó un golpe en la cabeza — she hit him on the head

casi lo matan a golpes — they almost beat him to death

siempre andan a golpes — they're always fighting

b) ( marca) bruise, mark

3) (Dep) ( en golf) stroke; ( en tenis) shot

4) (desgracia, contratiempo) blow

5) (fam) (atraco, timo) job (colloq)

dar el golpe — to do the job

6) (fam) (ocurrencia, salida) funny o witty remark

dar el golpe con algo — (fam)

con esa indumentaria seguro que das el golpe — you'll be a sensation o a knockout in that outfit

•

- golpe bajo

- golpe de efecto

- golpe de estado

- golpe de gracia

- golpe de suerte

- golpe de vista

- golpe franco

- golpe maestro

* * *

masculino

1) (choque, impacto) knock

se dio un golpe contra la pared — she knocked into the wall

me di un golpe en la cabeza — I hit my head

te vas a dar un golpe — you'll hurt yourself

cerró el libro de un golpe — she snapped o slammed the book shut

me dio un golpe en la espalda — he slapped me on the back

dio unos golpes en la mesa — he tapped on the table; ( más fuerte) he knocked on the table; ( aún más fuerte) he banged on the table

a golpe de — (Ven) around

de golpe — ( repentinamente) suddenly; ( quizás) (Col fam) maybe, perhaps

la puerta se abrió/cerró de golpe — the door flew open/slammed shut

de golpe y porrazo — (fam) ( de repente) suddenly

de un golpe — ( de una vez) all at once; ( de un trago) in one go o gulp

2)

a) ( al pegarle a alguien) blow

le dio or pegó un golpe en la cabeza — she hit him on the head

casi lo matan a golpes — they almost beat him to death

siempre andan a golpes — they're always fighting

b) ( marca) bruise, mark

3) (Dep) ( en golf) stroke; ( en tenis) shot

4) (desgracia, contratiempo) blow

5) (fam) (atraco, timo) job (colloq)

dar el golpe — to do the job

6) (fam) (ocurrencia, salida) funny o witty remark

dar el golpe con algo — (fam)

con esa indumentaria seguro que das el golpe — you'll be a sensation o a knockout in that outfit

•

- golpe bajo

- golpe de efecto

- golpe de estado

- golpe de gracia

- golpe de suerte

- golpe de vista

- golpe franco

- golpe maestro

* * *

golpe¹

¹ = punch, coup, blow, rap, knocking, beat, knock, swipe, hit, bang.

Ex: When I saw what he was up to, I drew back for a punch and hit him so hard on the nose that he fell on his back and lay there for some time, so that his wife stood over him and cried out 'Mercy! You've done my husband in!'.

Ex: Nearly 1500 delegates from 67 countries attended the conference which was dominated by the 3 day coup designed to restore Communist party influence.

Ex: The Great War of 1914-18 was a heavy blow for the Bulletin, from which it never really recovered, and in the 1920s it gradually sank under its own weight, helped by a forced move from its previous quarters to make room for a trade fair.

Ex: There was also a spot from which, if you struck the floor with a hard rap of your heel, you could almost count the reverberations as the sound bounced from floor to ceiling to walls to floor.

Ex: It seems to me that the Dewey engine is still ticking over, though there's an occasional knocking and it could no doubt do with a good tuning.

Ex: Immediately after the recognition of a cardiac cycle the program calculates mean values over a given time or a given number of beats.

Ex: After a few knocks, it was clear that no one was going to answer.

Ex: In fact it is an exaltation of the Kyoto protocol and a thinly disguised swipe at those countries who have not signed up.

Ex: Nothing is more unrealistic that seeing the hero take in an unlikely number of hits without turning a hair.

Ex: This is how the world ends, not with a bang, but with a whimper.

* aguantar un golpe = take + a hit.

* amortiguar el golpe = soften + the blow.

* aprender Algo a fuerza de golpes = learn + Nombre + the hard way.

* asestar el golpe de gracia = administer + the coup de grace, deliver + the coup de grace.

* asestar un golpe = give + a blow, bash, deal + a blow, strike + a blow.

* asestar un golpe mortal = deal + the death blow.

* atizar un golpe = deal + a blow.

* cerrar de golpe = slam.

* dar el golpe de gracia = administer + the coup de grace, deliver + the coup de grace.

* dar golpes = pound.

* darse golpes de pecho = beat + Posesivo + breast.

* darse golpes en el pecho = beat + Posesivo + breast.

* dar un golpe = knock.

* dar un golpe por detrás = rear-end.

* de golpe = in one lump, all at once, all at once.

* derribar a Alguien de un golpe = knock + Nombre + to the ground, knock + Nombre + to the floor.

* de un golpe = at one blow, at one whack, at one pull, in one shot, in one lump, in one action, in one go, in one fell swoop, at one fell swoop.

* duro golpe = cruel blow.

* eliminar de un golpe = eliminate + at a stroke.

* emprenderla(s) a golpes con = lam into, lay into.

* encajar el golpe = take it on + the chin.

* golpe de estado = coup d'etat, putsch.

* golpe de gracia = coup de grace, kiss of death, killer blow, death blow.

* golpe de mala suerte = stroke of misfortune.

* golpe de suerte = stroke of luck.

* golpe fuerte = whack.

* golpe fulminante = crushing blow.

* golpe mortal = mortal blow, killer blow, death blow.

* golpe por detrás = rear end.

* golpe seco = flop.

* intento de golpe de estado = attempted coup, coup attempt.

* introducir a golpes = hammer into.

* quitar con un golpe = knock off.

* recibir un golpe = take + a hit.

* recobrarse de un golpe = lick + Posesivo + wounds.

* sacar a golpes = punch out.

* tentativa de golpe de estado = attempted coup, coup attempt.

* tirar a Alguien al suelo de un golpe = knock + Nombre + to the floor, knock + Nombre + to the ground.

* todo de (un) golpe = all at once.

* tumbar a Alguien al suelo de un golpe = knock + Nombre + to the floor, knock + Nombre + to the ground.

* vivir sin dar golpe = live off + the fat of the land.

golpe²

² = witticism, witty remark, quip.

Ex: It uses humor rather than witticisms, and self-deprecation rather than deprecation of the professional field.

Ex: Youll never be short on a witty remark with a database of almost 180000 jokes.

Ex: His genius is sometimes most evident in his quips.

* * *

golpe

masculine

A (choque, impacto) knock

se dio un golpe contra la pared she banged o knocked into the wall

me di un golpe en la cabeza I hit o banged my head

te vas a pegar un golpe you'll hurt yourself

¿ha recibido algún golpe en la cabeza? have you hit your head?, have you received a blow to the head? ( frml)

cerró el libro de un golpe she snapped o slammed the book shut

la ventana se cerró de un golpe the window slammed shut

me dio un golpe en la espalda he slapped me on the back

le di un golpecito en el hombro I tapped him on the shoulder

dale un golpe a ver si se arregla hit it o bang it o give it a bang, that might make it work

dio unos golpes en la mesa he tapped on the table; (más fuerte) he knocked on the table; (aún más fuerte) he banged on the table

nos dieron un golpe por detrás they ran into us from behind, they ran into the back of us

se oían los golpes del martillo one could hear the hammering

a golpe de ( Ven); around, about ( BrE)

dar el golpe ( Méx) (aspirar) to inhale

de golpe (repentinamente) suddenly;

(Col, Ven fam) (quizás) maybe, perhaps

no se lo puedes decir así, de golpe you can't just spring it on him o tell him suddenly like that

de golpe y porrazo ( fam) (de repente) suddenly

es una decisión que no puede tomarse de golpe y porrazo it's not a decision that can be made on the spot o just like that

de un golpe (de una vez) all at once

se lo bebió de un golpe he drank it down in one go o gulp

no dar or pegar (ni) golpe ( fam): ¡cómo va a aprobar, si no da ni golpe! how can he expect to pass, he never does a lick ( AmE) o ( BrE) stroke of work ( colloq)

no pega ni golpe en casa he doesn't do a thing o lift a finger around the house ( colloq)

a golpe de ratón ( Inf) at a mouse click, at the click of a mouse

toda la programación a golpe de ratón the whole program at a mouse click

B

1 (al pegarle a algn) blow

le dio or pegó un golpe en la cabeza she hit him on the head

empezaron a darle golpes they started hitting her

casi lo matan a golpes they almost beat him to death

parece que no entienden sino a (los) golpes hitting them seems to be the only way to make them understand

le asestó un golpe con el atizador he dealt o struck him a blow with the poker

me llevé un golpe en la cabeza I got a blow o I got hit on the head

el golpe lo agarró de sorpresa the blow took him by surprise

siempre andan a golpes they're always fighting

lo cogieron a golpes they beat him up

2 (marca) bruise, mark

C ( Dep) (en golf) stroke; (en tenis) shot

sigue en primer lugar con seis golpes bajo par she is still in first place at six (strokes) under par

D (desgracia, contratiempo) blow

fue un golpe durísimo it came as a terrible blow

esta vez sí que ha acusado el golpe he's really taken it hard o taken a bad knock this time

E ( fam) (robo, timo) job ( colloq)

¿cuándo vamos a dar el golpe? when are we going to do the job?

F ( fam) (ocurrencia, salida) funny o witty remark

¡tiene cada golpe! he comes out with o makes some really witty remarks, some of the things he comes out with are so funny o witty

la película tiene unos golpes muy buenos the movie has some really funny moments in it

dar el golpe ( fam): con esa indumentaria seguro que das el golpe you'll be a sensation o you'll look a knockout in that outfit

G ( Mús) (en Ven) folk dance/music similar to the joropo

Compuestos:

● golpe bajo

(en boxeo) punch below the belt

fue un golpe bajo mencionarlo delante de todos that was below the belt o a low trick mentioning it in front of everyone

● golpe de adrenalina

adrenaline rush

● golpe de calor

(insolación) sunstroke; (en la temperatura) corporal heatstroke

● golpe de castigo

penalty

● golpe de efecto

su dimisión no causó el golpe de efecto que esperaba his resignation did not create the dramatic effect he had hoped for

● golpe de estado

coup, coup d'état

● golpe de fortuna

stroke of luck

● golpe de gracia

coup de grâce

● golpe de mano

sudden attack

● golpe de mar

large wave

● golpe de sol

sunstroke

● golpe de suerte

stroke of luck

● golpe de tambor

( Ven) performance of Venezuelan Caribbean music

● golpe de timón

change of direction

● golpe de tos

coughing fit

● golpe de vista

glance, look

● golpe franco

(en fútbol) free kick; (en hockey) free hit

● golpe maestro

masterstroke

● golpe mortal

death blow, coup de grâce

● golpes de pecho

mpl:

darse golpes de pecho to beat one's breast, wear sackcloth and ashes

* * *

golpe sustantivo masculino
1 (choque, impacto) knock;
◊ me di un golpe en la cabeza I got a knock on the head, I hit o banged my head;

darse un golpe contra algo to bang o knock into sth;
dio unos golpes en la mesa he tapped on the table;

( más fuerte) he knocked on the table;
( aún más fuerte) he banged on the table;
◊ a golpe de (Ven) around;

de golpe (y porrazo) suddenly;
se abrió/cerró de golpe it flew open/slammed shut;
de un golpe ( de una vez) all at once;

( de un trago) in one go o gulp
2
a) ( al pegarle a algn) blow;

◊ lo derribó de un golpe he knocked him down with one blow;

casi lo matan a golpes they almost beat him to death;
siempre andan a golpes they're always fighting
b) ( marca) bruise, mark

3 (Dep) stroke
4
a) ( desgracia) blow

b)

◊ golpe de suerte stroke of luck

5 (fam) (atraco, timo) job (colloq);
◊ dar el golpe to do the job

6 (Pol) tb
◊ golpe de estado coup (d'état)

golpe sustantivo masculino
1 (que se da o que da alguien) blow
(en una fruta) bruise
(en una puerta) knock
golpe (de Estado), coup (d'état)
golpe de suerte, stroke of luck
2 Auto bump
3 (contratiempo, disgusto) blow: ha sido un duro golpe para ella, it's been a great blow to her
4 (ocurrencia) witticism: en la comedia de ayer había unos golpes buenísimos, yesterday's comedy had a lot of funny lines
5 (robo) robbery
dar un golpe, to rob
6 (ataque) fit: le dio un golpe de tos y no pudo seguir hablando, he had a sudden coughing fit and couldn't continue talking
♦ Locuciones: no dar ni golpe, not to lift a finger
al primer golpe de vista, at a glance
de golpe, all of a sudden
golpe de efecto, a dramatic effect: su dimisión en aquel momento fue un tremendo golpe de efecto, his resignation at that time had a great impact
golpe de mar, large wave: un golpe de mar le tiró por la borda, a large wave washed him overboard
golpe de pecho, breast-beating: había mucho golpe de pecho pero a mí no me engañaron, there was a lot of breast-beating, but they couldn't fool me
' golpe' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
acusar
- amoratada
- amoratado
- amortiguar
- arrear
- atizar
- azote
- batatazo
- bocanada
- cacharrazo
- canto
- cardenal
- choque
- codazo
- contundente
- descargar
- desviar
- dolerse
- encajar
- encima
- enérgica
- enérgico
- errar
- esquivar
- galleta
- herida
- hostia
- leche
- menuda
- menudo
- mollera
- nada
- palo
- panzada
- pedrada
- pelotazo
- producir
- recibir
- resentirse
- resistir
- ruda
- rudo
- seca
- seco
- señalada
- señalado
- sorda
- sordo
- tacada
- testarada
English:
absorb
- accurate
- avert
- bang
- bash
- blow
- bowl over
- break
- bump
- butt
- come round
- come to
- coup
- crack
- crushing
- deal
- death blow
- deliver
- dodge
- drive
- elude
- fell
- fend off
- flick
- follow through
- forehand
- glancing
- hard
- heavy
- hit
- hit back
- jab
- knock
- lash
- low
- lucky
- lump
- mark
- miss
- on
- pow
- punch
- rap
- shot
- sidestep
- slam
- slam to
- smack
- snap
- soften

* * *

golpe

♦ nm

1. [impacto] blow;
[en puerta] knock; [entre coches] bump;
se oyó un golpe en el piso de arriba something went bump upstairs;

no le des tantos golpes a la fotocopiadora stop hitting o banging the photocopier like that;

me di un golpe en la rodilla I banged my knee;

la ventana estaba dando golpes the window was banging;

el golpe me lo dieron cuando estaba detenido en un semáforo they hit me o bumped into me when I was stopped at a traffic light;

el niño daba golpes en la pared the child was banging on the wall;

darse golpes de pecho to beat one's breast;

cerrar la puerta de golpe to slam the door;

devolver un golpe to strike back;

errar o [m5] fallar el golpe to miss the mark;

golpe seco thud;

Comp
Fam
dar el golpe to cause a sensation, to be a hit;

con ese vestido seguro que das el golpe en la fiesta in that dress, you're bound to be a hit at the party;

Comp
Fam
no dio o [m5] pegó golpe he didn't lift a finger, he didn't do a stroke of work;

Comp

de golpe suddenly;

Comp
Fam
de golpe y porrazo without warning, just like that;

Comp

de un golpe at one fell swoop, all at once

Comp
golpe de efecto:
hacer algo para dar un golpe de efecto to do sth for effect;

golpe de fortuna stroke of luck;

golpe de gracia coup de grâce;

golpe maestro masterstroke;

golpe de mar huge wave;

golpe de suerte stroke of luck;
Fig golpe de timón change of course;
golpe de tos coughing fit;

golpe de viento gust of wind;

golpe de vista glance;

al primer golpe de vista at a glance

2. [bofetada] smack;
[puñetazo, en boxeo] punch;
a golpes by force;
Fig in fits and starts;
moler a alguien a golpes to beat sb up

Comp
golpe bajo blow below the belt;
fue un golpe bajo that was a bit below the belt

3. [de corazón] beat;

los golpes de su corazón her heartbeat

4. [efecto]
mira qué golpe tengo en el brazo look, I banged my arm;

el coche tiene un golpe en la puerta the car door has a dent in it

5. [en tenis, golf] shot;

dos golpes por encima/debajo two shots ahead/behind;

dos golpes bajo par two under par

Comp
golpe de castigo [en rugby] penalty;
golpe franco free kick;

golpe liftado [en tenis] topspin drive;

golpe de penalización [en golf] penalty stroke;

golpe de salida [en golf] tee shot, drive;

golpe de talón back heel

6. [disgusto] blow;

la muerte de su madre fue un golpe muy duro para ella her mother's death hit her very hard

7. [atraco] raid, job, US heist;

dar un golpe to do a job

8. Pol
golpe (de Estado) coup (d'état)

Comp
golpe de mano surprise attack;
golpe de palacio palace coup

9. [ocurrencia] witticism;

¡tienes unos golpes buenísimos! you really come out with some witty remarks!

10. [pestillo] spring lock

11. Méx [mazo] sledgehammer

♦ a golpe de loc prep
[a base de] through, by dint of;
aprenderá a golpe de fracasos he'll learn from his mistakes;

a golpe de talonario: no se puede crear un equipo a golpe de talonario you can't just build a team by throwing money at it;

salió de la cárcel a golpe de talonario he used his wealth to buy his way out of prison

♦ al golpe loc adv
Cuba instantly
* * *

golpe

m

1 knock, blow;

un duro golpe fig a heavy blow;

no da golpe fam she doesn’t do a thing, she doesn’t lift a finger

2

:

de golpe suddenly;

de golpe y porrazo suddenly

* * *

golpe nm

1) : blow

caerle a golpes a alguien: to give someone a beating

2) : knock

3)

de golpe : suddenly

4)

de un golpe : all at once, in one fell swoop

5)

golpe de estado : coup, coup d'etat

6)

golpe de suerte : stroke of luck

* * *

golpe n

1. (choque) blow

Aunque la traducción literal de golpe es blow, el inglés prefiere emplear un verbo

se dio un golpe en la frente he bumped his forehead

me di un golpe en la rodilla con la mesa I banged my knee on the table

2. (ruido) knock / bang

dio un golpe fuerte en la puerta she banged on the door

la puerta se cerró con un fuerte golpe the door slammed shut

3. (desgracia) blow

ha sido un golpe duro it was a terrible blow

dar golpes to bang

de golpe (y porrazo) suddenly

de un golpe all at once / in one go

no dar golpe not to do a thing / to be bone idle

golpe de estado coup

golpe de suerte stroke of luck

Spanish-English dictionary > golpe

10 Computers

   1) A Comparison of the Digital Computer and the Brain

   The brain has been compared to a digital computer because the neuron, like a switch or valve, either does or does not complete a circuit. But at that point the similarity ends. The switch in the digital computer is constant in its effect, and its effect is large in proportion to the total output of the machine. The effect produced by the neuron varies with its recovery from [the] refractory phase and with its metabolic state. The number of neurons involved in any action runs into millions so that the inﬂuence of any one is negligible.... Any cell in the system can be dispensed with.... The brain is an analogical machine, not digital. Analysis of the integrative activities will probably have to be in statistical terms. (Lashley, quoted in Beach, Hebb, Morgan & Nissen, 1960, p. 539)

   2) Computers Do Not Crunch Numbers, They Manipulate Symbols

   It is essential to realize that a computer is not a mere "number cruncher," or supercalculating arithmetic machine, although this is how computers are commonly regarded by people having no familiarity with artificial intelligence. Computers do not crunch numbers; they manipulate symbols.... Digital computers originally developed with mathematical problems in mind, are in fact general purpose symbol manipulating machines....

   The terms "computer" and "computation" are themselves unfortunate, in view of their misleading arithmetical connotations. The definition of artificial intelligence previously cited-"the study of intelligence as computation"-does not imply that intelligence is really counting. Intelligence may be defined as the ability creatively to manipulate symbols, or process information, given the requirements of the task in hand. (Boden, 1981, pp. 15, 16-17)

   3) Getting Computers to Explain Things to Themselves

   The task is to get computers to explain things to themselves, to ask questions about their experiences so as to cause those explanations to be forthcoming, and to be creative in coming up with explanations that have not been previously available. (Schank, 1986, p. 19)

   4) Some Limits of Artificial Intelligence

   In What Computers Can't Do, written in 1969 (2nd edition, 1972), the main objection to AI was the impossibility of using rules to select only those facts about the real world that were relevant in a given situation. The "Introduction" to the paperback edition of the book, published by Harper & Row in 1979, pointed out further that no one had the slightest idea how to represent the common sense understanding possessed even by a four-year-old. (Dreyfus & Dreyfus, 1986, p. 102)

   5) The Computer as a Humanizing Inﬂuence

   A popular myth says that the invention of the computer diminishes our sense of ourselves, because it shows that rational thought is not special to human beings, but can be carried on by a mere machine. It is a short stop from there to the conclusion that intelligence is mechanical, which many people find to be an affront to all that is most precious and singular about their humanness.

   In fact, the computer, early in its career, was not an instrument of the philistines, but a humanizing inﬂuence. It helped to revive an idea that had fallen into disrepute: the idea that the mind is real, that it has an inner structure and a complex organization, and can be understood in scientific terms. For some three decades, until the 1940s, American psychology had lain in the grip of the ice age of behaviorism, which was antimental through and through. During these years, extreme behaviorists banished the study of thought from their agenda. Mind and consciousness, thinking, imagining, planning, solving problems, were dismissed as worthless for anything except speculation. Only the external aspects of behavior, the surface manifestations, were grist for the scientist's mill, because only they could be observed and measured....

   It is one of the surprising gifts of the computer in the history of ideas that it played a part in giving back to psychology what it had lost, which was nothing less than the mind itself. In particular, there was a revival of interest in how the mind represents the world internally to itself, by means of knowledge structures such as ideas, symbols, images, and inner narratives, all of which had been consigned to the realm of mysticism. (Campbell, 1989, p. 10)

   6) The Intentionality of Computers Is Essentially Borrowed, Hence Derivative

   [Our artifacts] only have meaning because we give it to them; their intentionality, like that of smoke signals and writing, is essentially borrowed, hence derivative. To put it bluntly: computers themselves don't mean anything by their tokens (any more than books do)-they only mean what we say they do. Genuine understanding, on the other hand, is intentional "in its own right" and not derivatively from something else. (Haugeland, 1981a, pp. 32-33)

   7) The Possibility of Computer Thought

   he debate over the possibility of computer thought will never be won or lost; it will simply cease to be of interest, like the previous debate over man as a clockwork mechanism. (Bolter, 1984, p. 190)

   8) We Are Getting Better at Building Even Better Computers, an Ever- Escalating Upward Spiral

   t takes us a long time to emotionally digest a new idea. The computer is too big a step, and too recently made, for us to quickly recover our balance and gauge its potential. It's an enormous accelerator, perhaps the greatest one since the plow, twelve thousand years ago. As an intelligence amplifier, it speeds up everything-including itself-and it continually improves because its heart is information or, more plainly, ideas. We can no more calculate its consequences than Babbage could have foreseen antibiotics, the Pill, or space stations.

   Further, the effects of those ideas are rapidly compounding, because a computer design is itself just a set of ideas. As we get better at manipulating ideas by building ever better computers, we get better at building even better computers-it's an ever-escalating upward spiral. The early nineteenth century, when the computer's story began, is already so far back that it may as well be the Stone Age. (Rawlins, 1997, p. 19)

   9) Weak Artificial Intelligence and Strong Artificial Intelligence

   According to weak AI, the principle value of the computer in the study of the mind is that it gives us a very powerful tool. For example, it enables us to formulate and test hypotheses in a more rigorous and precise fashion than before. But according to strong AI the computer is not merely a tool in the study of the mind; rather the appropriately programmed computer really is a mind in the sense that computers given the right programs can be literally said to understand and have other cognitive states. And according to strong AI, because the programmed computer has cognitive states, the programs are not mere tools that enable us to test psychological explanations; rather, the programs are themselves the explanations. (Searle, 1981b, p. 353)

    10) Why People Are Smarter Than Computers

   What makes people smarter than machines? They certainly are not quicker or more precise. Yet people are far better at perceiving objects in natural scenes and noting their relations, at understanding language and retrieving contextually appropriate information from memory, at making plans and carrying out contextually appropriate actions, and at a wide range of other natural cognitive tasks. People are also far better at learning to do these things more accurately and ﬂuently through processing experience.

   What is the basis for these differences? One answer, perhaps the classic one we might expect from artificial intelligence, is "software." If we only had the right computer program, the argument goes, we might be able to capture the ﬂuidity and adaptability of human information processing. Certainly this answer is partially correct. There have been great breakthroughs in our understanding of cognition as a result of the development of expressive high-level computer languages and powerful algorithms. However, we do not think that software is the whole story.

   In our view, people are smarter than today's computers because the brain employs a basic computational architecture that is more suited to deal with a central aspect of the natural information processing tasks that people are so good at.... hese tasks generally require the simultaneous consideration of many pieces of information or constraints. Each constraint may be imperfectly specified and ambiguous, yet each can play a potentially decisive role in determining the outcome of processing. (McClelland, Rumelhart & Hinton, 1986, pp. 3-4)

Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Computers

11 תסברא

תִּסְבְּרָאm. (סְבַר I) understanding, logic; ות׳ is this logic?, how can one understand this? B. Kam.32a, a. fr.

Jewish literature > תסברא

12 תִּסְבְּרָא

תִּסְבְּרָאm. (סְבַר I) understanding, logic; ות׳ is this logic?, how can one understand this? B. Kam.32a, a. fr.

Jewish literature > תִּסְבְּרָא

13 ὄφελος

ὄφελος, ους, τό (ὀφέλλω ‘increase’; Hom.+; OGI 519, 26 οὐδὲν ὄφελος ἡμεῖν; POxy 118 verso, 30 οὐδὲν ὄφ.; 1468, 6; Job 15:3; ApcSed 1, 3 [after 1 Cor 13:2]; Jos., Ant. 17, 154; Just.; Ath. 22, 8) an advantage derived from someth., benefit, good τί τὸ ὄφ.; what good does it do? Js 2:16 (Hierocles 14, 451; Philo, Migr. Abr. 55 and Just., D. 14, 1 τί γὰρ ὄφ.;). W. ἐάν foll. (cp. Ael. Aristid. 53 p. 640 D.; M. I. Brutus, Ep. 4) vs. 14; 2 Cl 6:2 (a saying of Jesus; in Mt 16:26 τί ὠφεληθήσεται ἄνθρωπος, ἐὰν … ;). τί μοι τὸ ὄφ.; what good is it to me? 1 Cor 15:32. τί μοι ὄφελος ταῦτα ἑωρακότι καὶ μὴ γινώσκοντι … ; how does it benefit me to have seen this and not to understand … ? Hv 3, 3, 1 (τί μοι ὄφελος; Chariton 7, 4, 10).—DELG s.v. 2 ὀφέλλω. M-M.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ὄφελος

14 פסק

2) disjunction, esp. peseḳ (Chald. psiḳ), a disjunctive sign (|) between two words. Ex. R. s. 2 אתה מוצא באברהם אברהם יש בו פ׳ you will find in ‘Abraham Abraham (Gen. 22:11) there is a peseḳ; in ‘Jacob Jacob (ib. 46:2) there is a peseḳ; in ‘Samuel Samuel (1 Sam. 3:10) ; משה משה אין בו פ׳ but in ‘Moses Moses (Ex. 3:4) there is no peseḳ.Pl. as ab. פסקי טעמים the division of words into clauses in accordance with the sense, punctuation. Meg.3a (ref. to Neh. 8:8) ויבינו במקרא אלו פ׳ ט׳ ‘and they taught how to understand the Scripture, this refers to the division of clauses ; Ned.37b פִּיסּוּק.V. פִּיסָּק.

Jewish literature > פסק

15 פֶּסֶק m. (preced.) detached piece, remainder.Pl. פְּסָקִים, constr. פִּסְקֵי, פִּי׳. Kil. VI, 6 פ׳ עריס, v. עָרִיס I; Tosef. ib. IV, 8; Y. ib. VI, end, 30c; a. e.

2) disjunction, esp. peseḳ (Chald. psiḳ), a disjunctive sign (|) between two words. Ex. R. s. 2 אתה מוצא באברהם אברהם יש בו פ׳ you will find in ‘Abraham Abraham (Gen. 22:11) there is a peseḳ; in ‘Jacob Jacob (ib. 46:2) there is a peseḳ; in ‘Samuel Samuel (1 Sam. 3:10) ; משה משה אין בו פ׳ but in ‘Moses Moses (Ex. 3:4) there is no peseḳ.Pl. as ab. פסקי טעמים the division of words into clauses in accordance with the sense, punctuation. Meg.3a (ref. to Neh. 8:8) ויבינו במקרא אלו פ׳ ט׳ ‘and they taught how to understand the Scripture, this refers to the division of clauses ; Ned.37b פִּיסּוּק.V. פִּיסָּק.

Jewish literature > פֶּסֶק m. (preced.) detached piece, remainder.Pl. פְּסָקִים, constr. פִּסְקֵי, פִּי׳. Kil. VI, 6 פ׳ עריס, v. עָרִיס I; Tosef. ib. IV, 8; Y. ib. VI, end, 30c; a. e.

16 verstehen

(unreg.)

I vt/i

1. understand; (erkennen, einsehen) see; falsch verstehen misunderstand, get s.th. oder s.o. wrong; fig. auch take s.th. in bad part (Am. the wrong way); verstehen Sie mich recht! don’t get me wrong; wenn ich recht / Sie recht verstehe if I’ve got it right / if I understood you correctly; verstehe ich recht? erstaunt: did I hear right?; ich verstehe kein einziges Wort I can’t understand a word oder thing (you’re etc. saying); sie tut so, als verstehe sie nicht umg. she’s pretending not to understand; jemandem zu verstehen geben, dass... give s.o. to understand that...; wollen Sie mir damit zu verstehen geben, dass...? am I to understand (from this) that...?; verstehen Sie? do you see (what I mean)?; ich verstehe! I see, I understand; ich verstehe vollkommen I fully understand, I understand perfectly; verstanden? (do you) understand?; haben Sie mich verstanden? bes. drohend: do you read me?; habe schon verstanden! umg. okay, I get it; bei Kritik: point taken; was verstehen Sie unter...? what do you understand (meinen: auch mean) by...?; das ist nicht wörtlich zu verstehen that’s not meant ( oder not to be taken) literally; wie soll ich das verstehen? how am I supposed to take that?, what are you getting at?; das ist als Spaß / Drohung etc. zu verstehen that’s meant to be ( oder meant as) a joke / threat etc.; Bahnhof 2

2. (hören können) hear; verstehen Sie mich? Funkverkehr: do you read me?

3. (Fremdsprache) know; ich verstehe ein bisschen Französisch, kann es aber nicht sprechen I can understand a bit of French (Am. a little French) but I can’t speak it

4. (auslegen) interpret; (auffassen) take; ich habe das so verstanden, dass... I took it to mean that...

5. (sich mit etw. auskennen) know about s.th.; er versteht etwas davon he knows a thing or two about it; er versteht gar nichts davon he doesn’t know the first thing about it; was verstehst du schon davon? what do you know about it?

6. es verstehen zu (+ Inf.) know how to (+ Inf.) er versteht es, mit Kindern umzugehen he has a way with children; er versteht es nicht besser he doesn’t know any more about it; Handwerk, Sache etc.

II v/refl

1. understand each other

2. emotional: sich gut verstehen get on (Am. along) well (with each other); sich mit jemandem gut verstehen get (Am. along) on (well) with s.o.; wir verstehen uns einfach nicht we just don’t get on (Am. along)

3. sich verstehen auf (+ Akk) (etw.) know (how to do), ( auch sich gut verstehen auf +Akk) be good at; stärker: be a dab (Am. an old) hand at; (Menschen, Tiere etc.) have a way with; sich aufs Dichten verstehen be good at writing poetry

4. sich verstehen als see o.s. as; als was versteht er sich? what does he see himself as?; das versteht sich ( doch) von selbst that goes without saying

5. WIRTS.: die Preise verstehen sich ab Werk / ohne Mehrwertsteuer etc. the prices are ex works (Am. are factory-gate) / exclusive of VAT etc.

* * *

to savvy; to understand; to see; to make out; to get; to realize; to catch; to comprehend; to catch on;

sich verstehen

(verständlich sein) to understand each other

* * *
ver|ste|hen ptp versta\#nden irreg [fɛɐ'ʃtandn]
1. vti

1) (= begreifen) to understand; (= einsehen) to see, to understand

jdn/etw falsch or nicht recht verstéhen — to misunderstand sb/sth

versteh mich recht — don't misunderstand me, don't get me wrong

wenn ich recht verstehe... — if I understand correctly...

jdm zu verstéhen geben, dass... — to give sb to understand that...

ich gab ihm meinen Standpunkt zu verstéhen — I intimated my point of view to him

ein verstéhender Blick — a knowing look

(ist das) verstanden? — (is that) understood?

See:

→ Bahnhof, Spaß

2) (= hören) to hear, to understand

See:

→ Wort

2. vt

1) (= können, beherrschen) to know; Sprache to understand, to know

es verstéhen, etw zu tun — to know how to do sth

es mit Kindern verstéhen — to be good with children, to have a way with children

es mit seinen Kollegen verstéhen — to know how to get on (Brit) or along with one's colleagues

etwas/nichts von etw verstéhen — to know something/nothing about sth

etw machen, so gut man es versteht — to do sth to the best of one's ability, to do sth as well as one can

See:

→ Handwerk

2) (= auslegen) to understand, to interpret, to see

verstéhen — to understand sth by sth

wie soll ich das verstéhen? — how am I supposed to take that?

das ist bildlich or nicht wörtlich zu verstéhen — that isn't to be taken literally

3. vr

1) (= kommunizieren können) to understand each other

2) (= miteinander auskommen) to get on (Brit) or along (with each other or together)

sich mit jdm verstéhen — to get on (Brit) or along with sb

3) (= klar sein) to go without saying

versteht sich! (inf) — of course!, naturally!

das versteht sich von selbst — that goes without saying

4)

(= auffassen) sich als etw verstéhen (Mensch) — to think of or see oneself as sth

5)

(= können) verstéhen — to be (an) expert at sth, to be a dab hand at sth (Brit inf), to be very good at sth

6)

(= einverstanden sein) sich zu etw verstéhen (form) — to agree to sth

7) (COMM) to be

die Preise verstéhen sich einschließlich Lieferung — prices are inclusive of delivery

* * *

1) (understand; to be aware of: I appreciate your difficulties but I cannot help.) appreciate

2) (to understand: I didn't get the point of his story.) get

3) (to understand: She didn't see the point of the joke.) see

4) (to see or know the meaning of (something): I can't understand his absence; Speak slowly to foreigners so that they'll understand you.) understand

* * *

ver·ste·hen

< verstand verstanden>

I. vt

1. (akustisch unterscheiden)

▪ jdn/etw \verstehen to hear [or understand] sb/sth

ich verstehe nicht, was da gesagt wird I can't make out what's being said

\verstehen Sie mich [o können Sie mich \verstehen?]? can you hear me?; (Funk) can you read me?

ich kann Sie nicht [gut] \verstehen I don't understand [very well] what you're saying

2. (begreifen)

▪ etw \verstehen to understand sth

[ist das] verstanden? [is that] understood?, [do you] understand?

haben Sie das jetzt endlich verstanden? have you finally got it now?

▪ \verstehen, dass/warum/was/wie... to understand [that]/why/what/how...

jdm etw zu \verstehen geben to give sb to [or to make sb] understand sth

sie gab ihm ihren Unmut deutlich zu \verstehen she clearly showed him her displeasure

willst du mir damit zu \verstehen geben, dass...? am I to understand from this that...?

3. (sich einfühlen können)

▪ jdn \verstehen to understand sb

versteh mich recht don't misunderstand me, don't get me wrong

jdn falsch \verstehen to misunderstand sb

sich akk nicht verstanden fühlen to feel misunderstood

4. (mitempfinden können)

▪ etw \verstehen to understand sth

▪ \verstehen, dass... to understand [or see] [that]...

5. (können, beherrschen)

▪ etw \verstehen to understand sth

ich verstehe genügend Französisch, um mich in Paris zu verständigen I know enough French to make myself understood in Paris

er macht die Arbeit, so gut er es eben versteht he does the job as well as he can

▪ es \verstehen, etw zu tun to know how to do sth

du verstehst es wirklich meisterhaft, im unpassendsten Moment zu kommen you're an absolute genius at [or you have an amazing knack of] turning up at the most inconvenient moment

▪ etwas/nichts/viel von etw dat \verstehen to know something/nothing/a lot about sth

es mit Kindern/Tieren \verstehen to have a way with children/animals

6. (auslegen)

▪ etw irgendwie \verstehen to take sth somehow

dieser Satz ist wörtlich zu \verstehen this sentence is to be taken literally

meiner Meinung nach ist diese Textstelle anders zu \verstehen I believe this passage has a different meaning [or interpretation]

wie darf [o soll] ich das \verstehen? how am I to interpret that?, what am I supposed to make of that?

darf ich unter dieser Bemerkung \verstehen, dass...? am I to understand by this remark that...?

▪ etw als etw akk \verstehen to take [or see] sth as sth

▪ etw unter etw dat \verstehen to understand sth by [or as] sth

unter diesem schwammigen Begriff kann man vieles \verstehen this woolly concept can be interpreted in a number of ways

II. vr

1. (akzeptieren)

\verstehen wir uns? do we understand each other?

2. (auskommen)

▪ sich akk [gut] mit jdm \verstehen to get on [or along] [well] with sb

sie \verstehen sich prächtig they get along with each other like a house on fire

3. (beherrschen)

▪ sich akk auf etw akk \verstehen to be very good [or [an] expert] at sth

4. (sich einschätzen)

▪ sich akk als etw \verstehen to see oneself as [or consider oneself to be] sth

5. (zu verstehen sein)

alle Preise \verstehen sich inklusive Mehrwertsteuer all prices are inclusive of VAT

versteht sich! (fam) of course!

das versteht sich von selbst that goes without saying

6. (form: einverstanden sein)

▪ sich akk zu etw dat \verstehen to agree to sth

III. vi

1. (hören) to understand

2. (begreifen) to understand, to see

sie warf ihm einen \verstehenden Blick zu she gave him a knowing look

wenn ich recht verstehe... if I understand correctly...

ich verstehe I see

verstehst du? you know [or see]?

verstanden? [do you] understand?, understood?, you got it? fam

* * *
1.
unregelmäßiges transitives Verb

1) (wahrnehmen) understand; make out

er war am Telefon gut/schlecht/kaum zu verstehen — it was easy/difficult/barely possible to understand or make out what he was saying on the telephone

2) auch itr. (begreifen, interpretieren) understand

ich verstehe — I understand; I see

wir verstehen uns schon — we understand each other; we see eye to eye

du bleibst hier, verstehst du! — you stay here, understand!

jemandem etwas zu verstehen geben — give somebody to understand something

das ist in dem Sinne od. so zu verstehen, dass... — it is supposed to mean that...

wie soll ich das verstehen? — how am I to interpret that?; what am I supposed to make of that?

jemanden/etwas falsch verstehen — misunderstand somebody/something

versteh mich bitte richtig od. nicht falsch — please don't misunderstand me or get me wrong

etwas unter etwas (Dat.) verstehen — understand something by something

jemanden/sich als etwas verstehen — see somebody/oneself as something; consider somebody/oneself to be something; s. auch Spaß 2)

3) (beherrschen, wissen)

es verstehen, etwas zu tun — know how to do something

er versteht eine Menge von Autos — he knows a lot about cars
2.
unregelmäßiges reflexives Verb

1)

sich mit jemandem verstehen — get on with somebody

sie verstehen sich — they get on well together

2) (selbstverständlich sein)

das versteht sich [von selbst] — that goes without saying

3) (Kaufmannsspr.): (gemeint sein)

der Preis versteht sich einschließlich Mehrwertsteuer — the price is inclusive of VAT

4)

sich auf Pferde/Autos usw. (Akk.) verstehen — know what one is doing with horses/cars; know all about horses/cars

* * *

verstehen (irr)

A. v/t & v/i

1. understand; (erkennen, einsehen) see;

falsch verstehen misunderstand, get sth oder sb wrong; fig auch take sth in bad part (US the wrong way);

verstehen Sie mich recht! don’t get me wrong;

wenn ich recht/Sie recht verstehe if I’ve got it right/if I understood you correctly;

verstehe ich recht? erstaunt: did I hear right?;

ich verstehe kein einziges Wort I can’t understand a word oder thing (you’re etc saying);

sie tut so, als verstehe sie nicht umg she’s pretending not to understand;

jemandem zu verstehen geben, dass … give sb to understand that …;

wollen Sie mir damit zu verstehen geben, dass …? am I to understand (from this) that …?;

verstehen Sie? do you see (what I mean)?;

ich verstehe! I see, I understand;

ich verstehe vollkommen I fully understand, I understand perfectly;

verstanden? (do you) understand?;

haben Sie mich verstanden? besonders drohend: do you read me?;

habe schon verstanden! umg okay, I get it; bei Kritik: point taken;

was verstehen Sie unter …? what do you understand (meinen: auch mean) by …?;

das ist nicht wörtlich zu verstehen that’s not meant ( oder not to be taken) literally;

wie soll ich das verstehen? how am I supposed to take that?, what are you getting at?;

das ist als Spaß/Drohung etc

zu verstehen that’s meant to be ( oder meant as) a joke/threat etc; → Bahnhof 2

2. (hören können) hear;

verstehen Sie mich? Funkverkehr: do you read me?

3. (Fremdsprache) know;

ich verstehe ein bisschen Französisch, kann es aber nicht sprechen I can understand a bit of French (US a little French) but I can’t speak it

4. (auslegen) interpret; (auffassen) take;

ich habe das so verstanden, dass … I took it to mean that …

5. (sich mit etwas auskennen) know about sth;

er versteht etwas davon he knows a thing or two about it;

er versteht gar nichts davon he doesn’t know the first thing about it;

was verstehst du schon davon? what do you know about it?

6.

es verstehen zu (+inf) know how to (+inf)

er versteht es, mit Kindern umzugehen he has a way with children;

er versteht es nicht besser he doesn’t know any more about it; → Handwerk, Sache etc

B. v/r

1. understand each other

2. emotional:

sich gut verstehen get on (US along) well (with each other);

sich mit jemandem gut verstehen get (US along) on (well) with sb;

wir verstehen uns einfach nicht we just don’t get on (US along)

3.

sich verstehen auf (+akk) (etwas) know (how to do), ( auch

sich gut verstehen auf +akk) be good at; stärker: be a dab (US an old) hand at; (Menschen, Tiere etc) have a way with;

sich aufs Dichten verstehen be good at writing poetry

4.

sich verstehen als see o.s. as;

als was versteht er sich? what does he see himself as?;

das versteht sich (doch) von selbst that goes without saying

5. WIRTSCH:

die Preise verstehen sich ab Werk/ohne Mehrwertsteuer etc the prices are ex works (US are factory-gate)/exclusive of VAT etc

* * *
1.
unregelmäßiges transitives Verb

1) (wahrnehmen) understand; make out

er war am Telefon gut/schlecht/kaum zu verstehen — it was easy/difficult/barely possible to understand or make out what he was saying on the telephone

2) auch itr. (begreifen, interpretieren) understand

ich verstehe — I understand; I see

wir verstehen uns schon — we understand each other; we see eye to eye

du bleibst hier, verstehst du! — you stay here, understand!

jemandem etwas zu verstehen geben — give somebody to understand something

das ist in dem Sinne od. so zu verstehen, dass... — it is supposed to mean that...

wie soll ich das verstehen? — how am I to interpret that?; what am I supposed to make of that?

jemanden/etwas falsch verstehen — misunderstand somebody/something

versteh mich bitte richtig od. nicht falsch — please don't misunderstand me or get me wrong

etwas unter etwas (Dat.) verstehen — understand something by something

jemanden/sich als etwas verstehen — see somebody/oneself as something; consider somebody/oneself to be something; s. auch Spaß 2)

3) (beherrschen, wissen)

es verstehen, etwas zu tun — know how to do something

er versteht eine Menge von Autos — he knows a lot about cars
2.
unregelmäßiges reflexives Verb

1)

sich mit jemandem verstehen — get on with somebody

sie verstehen sich — they get on well together

2) (selbstverständlich sein)

das versteht sich [von selbst] — that goes without saying

3) (Kaufmannsspr.): (gemeint sein)

der Preis versteht sich einschließlich Mehrwertsteuer — the price is inclusive of VAT

4)

sich auf Pferde/Autos usw. (Akk.) verstehen — know what one is doing with horses/cars; know all about horses/cars

* * *

n.

understanding n.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > verstehen

17 entrar

v.

1 to enter, to come in (introducirse) (viniendo).

déjame entrar let me in

entrar en algo to enter something, to come/go into something

entré por la ventana I got in through the window

El auto entró fácilmente The car entered easily.

Elsa entró los datos Elsa entered the data.

2 to go in.

entrar en algo to go into something

3 to fit.

esta llave no entra en la cerradura this key won't fit in the lock

este anillo no me entra I can't get this ring on my finger

el pie no me entra en el zapato I can't get this shoe on

4 to join in.

entrar en to join in; (discusión, polémica) to get in on (negocio)

no entremos en cuestiones morales let's not get involved in moral issues

yo ahí ni entro ni salgo it has nothing to do with me

5 to start (time).

el verano entra el 21 de junio summer starts on 21 June

entrar en to reach; (edad, vejez) to start (año nuevo)

6 to engage (automobiles).

no entra la tercera it won't go into third gear

7 to bring in.

8 to take in.

9 to approach, to deal with.

a ése no hay por donde entrarle there's no way of getting through to him

10 to be visited by.

Nos entraron muchos turistas We were visited by many tourists.

11 to catch, to take.

Me entró un resfrío I cought [took] a cold.

* * *

entrar

► verbo intransitivo

1 (ir adentro) to come in, go in

■ entró por una puerta secreta he went in through a secret door

■ entró corriendo she ran in

■ entró en la casa he went into the house

2 (tener entrada) to be welcome

3 (en una sociedad etc) to join; (en una profesión) to take up, join

■ ha entrado en la masonería he's joined the Masons

■ ha entrado en la abogacía she's taken up law

■ ha entrado en la armada he's joined the navy

4 (encajar, caber) to fit

■ las maletas no entran en el maletero the suitcases won't fit in the boot

■ este tornillo no entra this screw doesn't fit

5 (empezar - año, estación) to begin, start; (- período, época) to enter; (- libro, carta) to begin, open

■ ya ha entrado el verano summer has begun

■ el libro entra con un asesinato the book begins with a murder

6 (venir) to come over, come on

■ le entra fiebre she's got fever coming on

■ me entró dolor de cabeza I got a headache

■ me entraron ganas de llorar I felt like crying

7 (alcanzar) to reach

■ ha entrado en los cuarenta he has reached forty

8 (deberes, planes) to come, enter

■ ese no entraba en el trato that didn't enter into the deal

9 (adoptar) to enter (into), get (into)

■ entrar en las modas to get into fashion

10 INFORMÁTICA to access

11 AUTOMÓVIL to engage, change into

■ no me entró la primera I couldn't change into first gear

12 MÚSICA to come in, enter (al escenario) to enter

■ entró Peribáñez Peribáñez entered

► verbo transitivo

1 (meter) to put

■ entra la bici en el garaje put your bike into the garage

2 (de contrabando) to smuggle

3 COSTURA to take in

► verbo pronominal entrarse

1 to get in

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

bien entrado,-a... well into...

■ bien entrada la tarde well into the evening

■ bien entrado enero well into January

el año que entra next year, the coming year

entrado,-a en años / entrado,-a en edad figurado getting on in years

entrar a trabajar to begin work

entrar con buen pie figurado to get off on the right foot

entrar en cólera to get angry

entrar en contacto to get in touch

entrar en detalles to go into details

entrar en materia to give an introduction

entrar en religión to enter a religious order

ese tío no me entra familiar I can't stand that guy

hacer entrar to invite in

no entrar ni salir en algo familiar to be indifferent to something

no me entra el latín familiar I can't get the hang of Latin

no me entra en la cabeza familiar I can't believe it, I can't get my head round it

* * *

verb

1) to enter, go in

2) access

* * *

1. VI

1) [en un lugar] [acercándose al hablante] to come in, enter más frm; [alejándose del hablante] to go in, enter más frm

-¿se puede? -sí, entra — "may I?" - "yes, come in"

hágalo entrar — show him in

entré en o LAm a la casa — I went into the house

entraron en mi cuarto mientras yo dormía — they came into my room while I was asleep

la ayudó a entrar en el coche — he helped her (get) into the car

no me dejaron entrar en la discoteca — I wasn't allowed into the club

entró en la habitación dando saltos — she bounced into the room

entró corriendo en la habitación — she ran into the room

entró tercero en la meta — he crossed the line in third place

entra frío por la puerta — there's a draught coming in through the door

el río entra en el lago — the river flows into the lake

me ha entrado algo en el ojo — I've got something in my eye

espera un momento, es solo entrar y salir — wait for me a minute, I won't be long

- yo por ahí no entro

- entrar en detalles

- no entrar ni salir en un asunto

2) (=encajar)

la maleta no entra en el maletero — the case won't go o fit in the boot

el sofá no entraba por la puerta — the sofa wouldn't go o fit through the door

¿entra uno más? — is there room for one more?, will one more fit?

estoy lleno, ya no me entra nada más — I'm full, I couldn't eat another thing

este pantalón no me entra — these trousers don't fit (me)

las historias de este libro entran de lleno en el surrealismo — the stories in this book are genuinely surrealist, the stories in this book come right into the category of surrealism

3) (=estar incluido)

el vino no entra en el precio — the wine is not included (in the price)

eso no entraba en nuestros planes — that wasn't part of our plans

ese partido entra dentro de la segunda ronda — that is a second-round match

en un kilo entran cuatro manzanas — you get four apples to the kilo

4) (=comenzar)

a) [persona]

¿a qué hora entras a clase? — what time do you start school?

entra a trabajar a las ocho — she starts work at eight o'clock

entrar en una profesión — to take up a profession

entrar en una asociación — to join a society

al entrar en la madurez — on reaching middle age

entró de mensajero — he started out as a courier

entró en la revista como director — he joined the magazine as editor

entró a formar parte del comité central — he became a member of the central committee

b)

entrar en calor — to warm up

entrar en coma — to go into a coma

entrar en contacto con algn — to contact sb

c) [época, estación]

en el milenio que entra — in the new millennium

el mes que entra — the coming month, next month

5) [con sensaciones]

me entró sed — I started to feel thirsty

me entró sueño — I started to feel sleepy

me ha entrado hambre al verte comer — watching you eat has made me hungry

me entraron ganas de reír — I felt like laughing

6) [conocimientos, idea]

no hay forma de que le entre el álgebra — he just can't seem to get the hang of algebra

no les entra en la cabeza que eso no puede ser así — they can't seem to get it into their heads that this isn't on

7) * (=soportar) to bear, stand

ese tío no me entra — I can't bear o stand that fellow

8) (Inform) to access

entrar en el sistema — to access the system

9) (Mús) [instrumento, voz] to come in

10) (Teat) to enter

2. VT

1) * [+ objeto] [acercándose al hablante] to bring in; [alejándose del hablante] to take in

entra las sillas para que no se mojen — bring the chairs in so they don't get wet

la maestra entró a los niños a clase — the teacher took the children into the classroom

no podrás entrar el sillón por esa puerta — you won't be able to get the armchair in through that door

necesitó ayuda para entrar el coche en el garaje — he needed some help getting the car into the garage

2) * (=abordar a) to deal with, approach

sabe entrar a la gente — he knows how to deal with o approach people

3) [+ futbolista] to tackle

4) (Mil) to attack
ENTRAR Para precisar la manera de entrar Entrar (en ) por regla general se suele traducir por come in(to ) o por go in(to), según la dirección del movimiento (hacia o en dirección contraria al hablante), pero, come y go se pueden substituir por otros verbos de movimiento si la frase en español explica la forma en que se entra: Entró cojeando en Urgencias He limped into Casualty Acabo de ver a un ratón entrar corriendo en ese agujero I've just seen a mouse running into that hole Para otros usos y ejemplos ver la entrada
* * *
1.
verbo intransitivo

1) ( acercándose) to come in; ( alejándose) to go in

entra! — come in!

quiero entrar a comprar cigarrillos — I want to go in to buy some cigarettes

déjame entrar — let me in

hazla entrar — tell her to come in, show her in

entró corriendo — he ran in, he came running in

¿se puede entrar con el coche? — can you drive in?

entrar a puerto — to put into port

había gente entrando y saliendo — there were people coming and going

fue entrar y salir — I was in and out in no time

¿cómo entró? — how did he get in?

entrar en or (esp AmL) a algo: entró en el or al banco she went into the bank; nunca he entrado en or a esa tienda I've never been into o in that shop; no los dejaron entrar en or a Francia they weren't allowed into France; las tropas entraron en or a Varsovia — the troops entered Warsaw

2)

a) (en etapa, estado)

entrar en algo — to enter something

entrar en una nueva década — to enter a new decade

entró en contacto con ellos — he made contact with them

entrar en calor — to get warm

entró en coma — he went into a coma

el reactor entró en funcionamiento — the reactor began operating o became operational

b) ( en tema)

entrar en algo — to go into something

sin entrar en los aspectos técnicos — without going into the technical aspects

entrar en juicios de valor — to get involved in value judgments

3)

a) (introducirse, meterse)

cierra la puerta, que entra frío — close the door, you're letting the cold in

le entra por un oído y le sale por el otro — it goes in one ear and out the other

me entró arena en los zapatos — I've got sand in my shoes

b) ( poderse meter)

¿entrará por la puerta? — will it get through the door?

estos clavos no entran en la pared — these nails won't go into the wall

c) ( ser lo suficientemente grande) (+ me/te/le etc)

estos vaqueros ya no me entran — I can't get into these jeans anymore

el zapato no le entra — he can't get his shoe on

d) (fam) materia/lección/idea (+ me/te/le etc)

la física no le entra — he just can't get the hang of o get to grips with physics (colloq)

ya se lo he explicado, pero no le entra — I've explained it to him but he just doesn't understand o he just can't get it into his head

e) (Auto) cambios/marchas

no me entra la segunda — I can't get it into second (gear)

4) hambre/miedo (+ me/te/le etc)

le entró hambre/miedo — she felt o got hungry/frightened

me ha entrado la duda — I'm beginning to have my doubts

me entró sueño/frío — I got o began to feel sleepy/cold

5) ( empezar) to start, begin

entró de or como aprendiz — he started o began as an apprentice

entró a trabajar a los 18 años — he started working when he was 18

entrar a matar — (Taur) to go in for the kill

6)

a) ( incorporarse)

entrar en or (esp AmL) a algo — ejército/empresa/convento to enter something

el año que entré en or a la universidad — the year I started college

acabo de entrar en or a la asociación — I've just joined the association

entrar en algo — guerra/campeonato/negociación to enter something

b) (Mús) instrumento/voz to come in, enter

7)

a) ( estar incluido)

el postre no entra en el precio — dessert is not included in the price

¿cuántas entran en un kilo? — how many do you get in a kilo?

eso no entraba en mis planes — I hadn't allowed for that, that wasn't part of the plan

esto ya entra en lo ridículo — this is becoming o getting ridiculous

b) ( ser incluido)

creo que entraremos en la segunda tanda — I think we'll be in the second group

estos números entrarán en un sorteo — these numbers will be included in o be entered for a draw

8)

a) toro

entrar al capote — to charge at the cape

b) futbolista to tackle

recoge Márquez, le entra Gordillo — Márquez gets the ball and he is tackled by Gordillo

9) ( en costura)

hay que entrarle de los costados — it needs taking in at the sides
2.
entrar vt ( traer) to bring in; ( llevar) to take in

hay que entrar la ropa — we'll have to bring the washing in

voy a entrar el coche — I'm going to put the car in the garage

¿cómo van a entrar el sofá? — how are they going to get the sofa in?

lo entró de contrabando — he smuggled it in

* * *

= go into, go into, pass into, go in, step inside, walk in/into, come in, walk through + the door, patronise [patronize, -USA], patronage.

Nota: Como cliente o usuario.

Ex. As something you may or may not know, every item going into the processing stream is assigned a priority, and our judgment will in many cases be different from yours, as our needs will be different from yours.

Ex. As something you may or may not know, every item going into the processing stream is assigned a priority, and our judgment will in many cases be different from yours, as our needs will be different from yours.

Ex. An abstracting bulletin is generally a weekly or monthly current-awareness service containing abstracts of all documents of interest that have passed into the library or information unit during that time.

Ex. But in the country the processes of printing always provoke such lively curiosity that the customers preferred to go in by a glazed door set in the shop-front and giving onto the street.

Ex. He pushed open the door and stepped inside.

Ex. 'When you walked in here, Tony, you looked as if you'd just seen a ghost' = "Tony, cuando entrastes aquí parecía como si hubieras visto un fantasma".

Ex. Their duty is to come in before school each morning and check that the book checking system is in order and that the library is tidy and presentable.

Ex. As I walk through the door of the first sporting goods store, I look for the running shoes I want.

Ex. In the light of the continuing authoritarianism demonstrated by most librarians towards their patrons, it is small wonder that so few people patronized America's public libraries.

Ex. 'Exit' is a vow, or intention, to never again patronage the offending library.

----

* al entrar = on entry.

* aventurarse a entrar en = venture into.

* entrado en años = long in the tooth.

* Entra en mi salón, dijo la araña... = Come into my parlour, said the spider....

* entrar a formar parte de = enter in.

* entrar a hurtadillas = steal into.

* entrar apresuradamente = hurry in.

* entrar a saco = burst into, storm into.

* entrar bajo la competencia de = fall under + the purview of.

* entrar con buen pie = start + Nombre + off on the right foot.

* entrar de lleno = plunge into.

* entrar de lleno en = get + stuck into, get + stuck into.

* entrar dentro de = fall into, fall under.

* entrar dentro de la categoría de = fall under + the heading of.

* entrar dentro de la competencia de = fall + under the purview of.

* entrar dentro de la competencia de Alguien = fall within + Posesivo + purview.

* entrar dentro de la jurisdicción de = fall under + the jurisdiction of.

* entrar dentro del ámbito de = fall into + the ambit of.

* entrar dentro de la responsabilidad de = fall under + the jurisdiction of, fall under + the auspices of, fall under + the purview of.

* entrar dentro del dominio de = fall under + the umbrella of.

* entrar dentro de una categoría = fall into + category, fall under + rubric.

* entrar de sopetón = burst into, storm into.

* entrar en = fall within/into, get into, walk into, move into, slip into, turn into, come into, set + foot (inside/in/on).

* entrar en acción = enter + the picture.

* entrar en conflicto = come into + conflict (with), run into + conflict.

* entrar en conflicto con = conflict with, clash with, run + afoul of, fall + afoul of.

* entrar en contacto = come into + contact.

* entrar en contacto con = get in + touch with.

* entrar en decadencia = go to + seed.

* entrar en el ámbito de = fall within + the ambit of.

* entrar en erupción = erupt.

* entrar en funcionamiento = go into + operation.

* entrar en juego = bring into + play, call into + play.

* entrar en la cabeza = get + Posesivo + head around, wrap + Posesivo + head around, get it into + Posesivo + head.

* entrar en la dinámica = enter + the fray.

* entrar en la mollera = get it into + Posesivo + head.

* entrar en liquidación = go into + liquidation.

* entrar en prensa = go to + press.

* entrar en razón = come to + Posesivo + senses.

* entrar en trance = go into + trance.

* entrar en vigor = come into + force, come into + effect, go into + effect.

* entrar hambre después del esfuerzo = work up + an appetite.

* entrar hipo = hiccup.

* entrar ilegalmente = break in, break into.

* entrar mediante engaño = bluff + Posesivo + way into.

* entrar miedo = become + jittery.

* entrar presionando = snap into.

* entrar rápidamente = dart onto.

* entrar rápidamente en = whisk into.

* entrar sed después del esfuerzo = work up + a thirst.

* entrar sin autorización = trespass.

* entrar sin ser visto = sneak into.

* entrar y salir = come and go, drift in and out, wander in and out, go into and out of.

* entrar y salir corriendo = run in and out.

* evitar que + entrar = keep + Nombre + out.

* no dejar entrar = turn + Nombre + away, keep out.

* por un lado entra + Nombre + y por otro sale + Nombre = in go + Nombre + at one end, and out come + Nombre + at the other.

* que entran en juego = at play.

* que hace entrar en calor = warming.

* recesión + entrar = recession + set in.

* volver a entrar = come back in.

* * *
1.
verbo intransitivo

1) ( acercándose) to come in; ( alejándose) to go in

entra! — come in!

quiero entrar a comprar cigarrillos — I want to go in to buy some cigarettes

déjame entrar — let me in

hazla entrar — tell her to come in, show her in

entró corriendo — he ran in, he came running in

¿se puede entrar con el coche? — can you drive in?

entrar a puerto — to put into port

había gente entrando y saliendo — there were people coming and going

fue entrar y salir — I was in and out in no time

¿cómo entró? — how did he get in?

entrar en or (esp AmL) a algo: entró en el or al banco she went into the bank; nunca he entrado en or a esa tienda I've never been into o in that shop; no los dejaron entrar en or a Francia they weren't allowed into France; las tropas entraron en or a Varsovia — the troops entered Warsaw

2)

a) (en etapa, estado)

entrar en algo — to enter something

entrar en una nueva década — to enter a new decade

entró en contacto con ellos — he made contact with them

entrar en calor — to get warm

entró en coma — he went into a coma

el reactor entró en funcionamiento — the reactor began operating o became operational

b) ( en tema)

entrar en algo — to go into something

sin entrar en los aspectos técnicos — without going into the technical aspects

entrar en juicios de valor — to get involved in value judgments

3)

a) (introducirse, meterse)

cierra la puerta, que entra frío — close the door, you're letting the cold in

le entra por un oído y le sale por el otro — it goes in one ear and out the other

me entró arena en los zapatos — I've got sand in my shoes

b) ( poderse meter)

¿entrará por la puerta? — will it get through the door?

estos clavos no entran en la pared — these nails won't go into the wall

c) ( ser lo suficientemente grande) (+ me/te/le etc)

estos vaqueros ya no me entran — I can't get into these jeans anymore

el zapato no le entra — he can't get his shoe on

d) (fam) materia/lección/idea (+ me/te/le etc)

la física no le entra — he just can't get the hang of o get to grips with physics (colloq)

ya se lo he explicado, pero no le entra — I've explained it to him but he just doesn't understand o he just can't get it into his head

e) (Auto) cambios/marchas

no me entra la segunda — I can't get it into second (gear)

4) hambre/miedo (+ me/te/le etc)

le entró hambre/miedo — she felt o got hungry/frightened

me ha entrado la duda — I'm beginning to have my doubts

me entró sueño/frío — I got o began to feel sleepy/cold

5) ( empezar) to start, begin

entró de or como aprendiz — he started o began as an apprentice

entró a trabajar a los 18 años — he started working when he was 18

entrar a matar — (Taur) to go in for the kill

6)

a) ( incorporarse)

entrar en or (esp AmL) a algo — ejército/empresa/convento to enter something

el año que entré en or a la universidad — the year I started college

acabo de entrar en or a la asociación — I've just joined the association

entrar en algo — guerra/campeonato/negociación to enter something

b) (Mús) instrumento/voz to come in, enter

7)

a) ( estar incluido)

el postre no entra en el precio — dessert is not included in the price

¿cuántas entran en un kilo? — how many do you get in a kilo?

eso no entraba en mis planes — I hadn't allowed for that, that wasn't part of the plan

esto ya entra en lo ridículo — this is becoming o getting ridiculous

b) ( ser incluido)

creo que entraremos en la segunda tanda — I think we'll be in the second group

estos números entrarán en un sorteo — these numbers will be included in o be entered for a draw

8)

a) toro

entrar al capote — to charge at the cape

b) futbolista to tackle

recoge Márquez, le entra Gordillo — Márquez gets the ball and he is tackled by Gordillo

9) ( en costura)

hay que entrarle de los costados — it needs taking in at the sides
2.
entrar vt ( traer) to bring in; ( llevar) to take in

hay que entrar la ropa — we'll have to bring the washing in

voy a entrar el coche — I'm going to put the car in the garage

¿cómo van a entrar el sofá? — how are they going to get the sofa in?

lo entró de contrabando — he smuggled it in

* * *

= go into, go into, pass into, go in, step inside, walk in/into, come in, walk through + the door, patronise [patronize, -USA], patronage.

Nota: Como cliente o usuario.

Ex: As something you may or may not know, every item going into the processing stream is assigned a priority, and our judgment will in many cases be different from yours, as our needs will be different from yours.

Ex: As something you may or may not know, every item going into the processing stream is assigned a priority, and our judgment will in many cases be different from yours, as our needs will be different from yours.

Ex: An abstracting bulletin is generally a weekly or monthly current-awareness service containing abstracts of all documents of interest that have passed into the library or information unit during that time.

Ex: But in the country the processes of printing always provoke such lively curiosity that the customers preferred to go in by a glazed door set in the shop-front and giving onto the street.

Ex: He pushed open the door and stepped inside.

Ex: 'When you walked in here, Tony, you looked as if you'd just seen a ghost' = "Tony, cuando entrastes aquí parecía como si hubieras visto un fantasma".

Ex: Their duty is to come in before school each morning and check that the book checking system is in order and that the library is tidy and presentable.

Ex: As I walk through the door of the first sporting goods store, I look for the running shoes I want.

Ex: In the light of the continuing authoritarianism demonstrated by most librarians towards their patrons, it is small wonder that so few people patronized America's public libraries.

Ex: 'Exit' is a vow, or intention, to never again patronage the offending library.

* al entrar = on entry.

* aventurarse a entrar en = venture into.

* entrado en años = long in the tooth.

* Entra en mi salón, dijo la araña... = Come into my parlour, said the spider....

* entrar a formar parte de = enter in.

* entrar a hurtadillas = steal into.

* entrar apresuradamente = hurry in.

* entrar a saco = burst into, storm into.

* entrar bajo la competencia de = fall under + the purview of.

* entrar con buen pie = start + Nombre + off on the right foot.

* entrar de lleno = plunge into.

* entrar de lleno en = get + stuck into, get + stuck into.

* entrar dentro de = fall into, fall under.

* entrar dentro de la categoría de = fall under + the heading of.

* entrar dentro de la competencia de = fall + under the purview of.

* entrar dentro de la competencia de Alguien = fall within + Posesivo + purview.

* entrar dentro de la jurisdicción de = fall under + the jurisdiction of.

* entrar dentro del ámbito de = fall into + the ambit of.

* entrar dentro de la responsabilidad de = fall under + the jurisdiction of, fall under + the auspices of, fall under + the purview of.

* entrar dentro del dominio de = fall under + the umbrella of.

* entrar dentro de una categoría = fall into + category, fall under + rubric.

* entrar de sopetón = burst into, storm into.

* entrar en = fall within/into, get into, walk into, move into, slip into, turn into, come into, set + foot (inside/in/on).

* entrar en acción = enter + the picture.

* entrar en conflicto = come into + conflict (with), run into + conflict.

* entrar en conflicto con = conflict with, clash with, run + afoul of, fall + afoul of.

* entrar en contacto = come into + contact.

* entrar en contacto con = get in + touch with.

* entrar en decadencia = go to + seed.

* entrar en el ámbito de = fall within + the ambit of.

* entrar en erupción = erupt.

* entrar en funcionamiento = go into + operation.

* entrar en juego = bring into + play, call into + play.

* entrar en la cabeza = get + Posesivo + head around, wrap + Posesivo + head around, get it into + Posesivo + head.

* entrar en la dinámica = enter + the fray.

* entrar en la mollera = get it into + Posesivo + head.

* entrar en liquidación = go into + liquidation.

* entrar en prensa = go to + press.

* entrar en razón = come to + Posesivo + senses.

* entrar en trance = go into + trance.

* entrar en vigor = come into + force, come into + effect, go into + effect.

* entrar hambre después del esfuerzo = work up + an appetite.

* entrar hipo = hiccup.

* entrar ilegalmente = break in, break into.

* entrar mediante engaño = bluff + Posesivo + way into.

* entrar miedo = become + jittery.

* entrar presionando = snap into.

* entrar rápidamente = dart onto.

* entrar rápidamente en = whisk into.

* entrar sed después del esfuerzo = work up + a thirst.

* entrar sin autorización = trespass.

* entrar sin ser visto = sneak into.

* entrar y salir = come and go, drift in and out, wander in and out, go into and out of.

* entrar y salir corriendo = run in and out.

* evitar que + entrar = keep + Nombre + out.

* no dejar entrar = turn + Nombre + away, keep out.

* por un lado entra + Nombre + y por otro sale + Nombre = in go + Nombre + at one end, and out come + Nombre + at the other.

* que entran en juego = at play.

* que hace entrar en calor = warming.

* recesión + entrar = recession + set in.

* volver a entrar = come back in.

* * *

entrar [A1 ]

GUIA DE BUSQUEDA

■ entrar (verbo intransitivo)

A acercándose, alejándose

B

1 en una etapa, un estado

2 en un tema

C

1 introducirse, meterse

2 poderse meter

3 ser lo suficientemente grande

4 entrar en la cabeza

5 Automovilismo

6 Informática

D entrarle frío etc

E empezar

F

1 incorporarse

2 Música

G

1 estar incluido

2 ser incluido

3 entrarle a algo

H

1 Tauromaquia

2 Deporte

3 entrarle a algn

■ entrar (verbo transitivo)

1 traer, llevar

2 en costura

vi

A (acercándose) to come in; (alejándose) to go in

entra, no te quedes en la puerta come in, don't stand there in the doorway

quiero entrar a comprar cigarrillos I want to go in and buy some cigarettes

en ese momento entró Nicolás just then Nicolás came o walked in, just then Nicolás entered the room

entraron sin pagar/por la ventana they got in without paying/through the window

déjame entrar let me in

hazla entrar tell her to come in, show her in

entró corriendo/cojeando he ran/limped in, he came running/limping in

ése en mi casa no entra I am not having him in my house

¿se puede entrar con el coche? can you drive in?, can you take the car in?

entrar a puerto to put into port

aquí nunca entró esa moda that fashion never took off here

hay gente constantemente entrando y saliendo there are always people coming and going

fue entrar y salir I was in and out in no time

entrar EN or ( esp AmL) A algo:

entró en el or al banco a cambiar dinero she went into the bank to change some money

nunca he entrado en or a esa tienda I've never been into o in that shop

no los dejaron entrar en or a Francia they weren't allowed into France

entraron en el or al país ilegalmente they entered the country illegally

un Ford negro entró en el or al garaje a black Ford pulled into the garage

las tropas entraron en or a Varsovia the troops entered Warsaw

ni entrar ni salir en algo ( fam): yo en ese asunto ni entro ni salgo that has nothing to do with me

yo por ahí no entro ( fam); I'm not having that! ( colloq)

B

1 (en una etapa, un estado) entrar EN algo to enter sth

pronto entraremos en una nueva década we shall soon be entering a new decade

al entrar en la pubertad on reaching puberty

entró en contacto con ellos he made contact with them

no logro entrar en calor I just can't get warm

entró en coma he went into a coma

cuando el reactor entró en funcionamiento when the reactor began operating o became operational

2 (en un tema) entrar EN algo to go into sth

sin entrar en los aspectos más técnicos without going into the more technical aspects

no quiero entrar en juicios de valor I don't want to get involved in o to make value judgments

C

1

(introducirse, meterse): cierra la puerta, que entra frío close the door, you're letting the cold in

le entra por un oído y le sale por el otro it goes in one ear and out the other

entrar EN algo:

me ha entrado arena en los zapatos I've got sand in my shoes

2

(poderse meter): no entra por la puerta it won't go through the door

está llena, no entra ni una cosa más it's full, you won't get anything else in

estos clavos no entran en la pared these nails won't go into the wall

estoy repleta, no me entra nada más I'm full, I couldn't eat another thing

3 (ser lo suficientemente grande) (+ me/te/le etc):

estos vaqueros ya no me entran I can't get into these jeans anymore, these jeans don't fit me anymore

el zapato no le entra he can't get his shoe on

4 ( fam)

«materia/lección/idea» (+ me/te/le etc): la física no le entra he just doesn't understand physics, he just can't get the hang of o get to grips with physics ( colloq)

ya se lo he explicado varias veces, pero no le entra I've explained it to him several times but he just doesn't understand o he just can't get it into his head

que la haya dejado es algo que no me entra (en la cabeza) I just can't understand him leaving her

5 ( Automovilismo)

«cambios/marchas»: no (me) entran las marchas I can't get it into gear

no me entra la segunda I can't get it into second (gear)

6 ( Informática) tb

entrar en el sistema to log in, log on

D

«frío/hambre/miedo» (+ me/te/le etc): me está entrando hambre I'm beginning to feel hungry

le entró miedo cuando lo vio she felt o was frightened when she saw it

ya me ha entrado la duda I'm beginning to have my doubts now

me entró sueño/frío I got o began to feel sleepy/cold

E (empezar) to start, begin

¿a qué hora entras a trabajar? what time do you start work?

entró de or como aprendiz he started o began o joined as an apprentice

termina un siglo y entra otro one century comes to a close and another begins

entrar A + INF:

entró a trabajar allí a los 18 años he started (working) there when he was 18

entrar a matar ( Taur) to go in for the kill

ahí entré a sospechar ( RPl fam); that's when I started o began to get suspicious

F

1 (incorporarse) entrar EN or ( esp AmL) A algo:

entró en el or al convento muy joven she entered the convent when she was very young

el año que viene entra en la or a la universidad she's going to college o she starts college next year

el año que entré en la asociación the year that I joined the association

entró en la or a la empresa de jefe de personal he joined the company as personnel manager

2 ( Música) «instrumento/voz» to come in, enter

G

1 (estar incluido) entrar EN algo:

ese tema no entra en el programa that subject is not on o in the syllabus

el postre no entra en el precio dessert is not included in the price

¿cuántas entran en un kilo? how many do you get in a kilo?

eso no entraba en mis planes I hadn't allowed for that, that wasn't part of the plan

no entraba en or dentro de sus obligaciones it was not part of o one of his duties

esto ya entra en or dentro de lo ridículo this is becoming o getting ridiculous

2

(ser incluido): creo que entraremos en la segunda tanda I think we'll be in the second group

los números no premiados entrarán en un segundo sorteo the non-winning numbers will go into o be included in o be entered for a second draw

3

( Méx fam): entrarle A algo (participar en) to be game FOR sth

¡ándale! éntrale a estos frijoles, están muy buenos come on! tuck into these beans, they're very good

H

1

( Tauromaquia) «toro»: el toro no entraba al capote the bull wouldn't charge at the cape

2 ( Deporte) «futbolista» to tackle

recoge Márquez, (le) entra Gordillo Márquez gets the ball and is tackled by Gordillo

3

( AmL fam) (abordar): entrarle a algn to chat sb up ( colloq)

■ entrar

vt

1 (traer) to bring in; (llevar) to take in

va a llover, hay que entrar la ropa it's going to rain, we'll have to bring the washing in

voy a entrar el coche I'm just going to put the car away o put the car in the garage

¿cómo van a entrar el sofá? how are they going to get the sofa in?

no se puede entrar animales al país you are not allowed to take/bring animals into the country

lo entró de contrabando he smuggled it in

2

(en costura): hay que entrarle un poco de los costados it needs taking in a bit at the sides

* * *

entrar ( conjugate entrar) verbo intransitivo
1 ( acercándose) to come in;
( alejándose) to go in;
◊ déjame entrar let me in;

hazla entrar tell her to come in, show her in;
entró corriendo he ran in, he came running in;
¿se puede entrar con el coche? can you drive in?;
había gente entrando y saliendo there were people coming and going;
¿cómo entró? how did he get in?;
entrar en or (esp AmL) a algo ‹a edificio/habitación› to go into sth;
entró en el or al banco she went into the bank
2 (en etapa, estado) entrar en algo ‹en periodo/guerra/negociaciones› to enter sth;
◊ entrar en calor to get warm;

entró en coma he went into a coma
3
a) (introducirse, meterse):

◊ cierra la puerta, que entra frío close the door, you're letting the cold in;

me entró arena en los zapatos I've got sand in my shoes
b) ( poderse meter):

◊ ¿entrará por la puerta? will it get through the door?;

(+ me/te/le etc):
◊ estos vaqueros no me entran I can't get into these jeans;

el zapato no le entra he can't get his shoe on;
no me entra la segunda (Auto) I can't get it into second (gear)
4 [ hambre] (+ me/te/le etc):
◊ le entró hambre she felt o got hungry;

me ha entrado la duda I'm beginning to have my doubts;
me entró sueño I got o began to feel sleepy
5 ( empezar) to start, begin;
◊ entró de aprendiz he started o began as an apprentice

6 ( incorporarse) entrar en or (esp AmL) a algo ‹en empresa/ejército/club› to join sth;
‹ en convento› to enter sth;
el año que entré en or a la universidad the year I started college I've just joined the association
7 ( estar incluido):
◊ el postre no entra en el precio dessert is not included in the price;

¿cuántas entran en un kilo? how many do you get in a kilo?
verbo transitivo ( traer) to bring in;
( llevar) to take in;
◊ ¿cómo van a entrar el sofá? how are they going to get the sofa in?

entrar
I verbo intransitivo
1 to come in, go in, enter: los ladrones entraron por la ventana, the burglars entered through the window ➣ Ver nota en ir
2 (encajar) to fit: esta llave no entra, this key doesn't fit
3 (estar incluido) to be included: eso no entra en el precio, that's not included in the price
4 (en una organización, partido) to join, get into: entró en el club, he was admitted to the club
5 (en una situación) to go into: el avión entró en barrena, the plane went into a spin
entrar en calor, to warm up
6 (comenzar) el mes que entra, next month, the coming month
7 (sobrevenir) to come over: le entraron ganas de llorar, he felt like crying
me entró un ataque de histeria, I went into hysterics
8 (agradar) no me entran las lentejas, I don't like lentils
II verbo transitivo
1 to bring in: entra las sillas, take the chairs in
2 Inform to enter
♦ Locuciones: entrar en la cabeza: no me entra en la cabeza que hayas hecho eso, I can't understand why you have done that
ni entrar ni salir, to play no part in the matter: en cuestiones sentimentales ni entro ni salgo, I steer well clear of touchy subjects

' entrar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abarrotada
- abarrotado
- acceder
- adherirse
- arriar
- asomarse
- barrena
- caber
- calor
- codazo
- colarse
- dejar
- disminuir
- erupción
- escena
- funcionamiento
- guardacantón
- hacer
- irse
- le
- meterse
- pasar
- perdón
- razón
- robar
- saco
- tocar
- trance
- vigencia
- vigor
- bala
- chequeo
- chocar
- colar
- coma
- conflicto
- contacto
- desorden
- detalle
- dificultad
- duda
- ebullición
- esperar
- función
- gata
- hurtadillas
- introducir
- juego
- limpiar
- meter
English:
access
- admit
- barge
- barge in
- break into
- bring in
- burglarize
- burst in
- climb
- come in
- come into
- crowd
- customary
- dash in
- dash into
- detail
- effect
- enter
- entry
- erupt
- fetch in
- flounce
- force
- get in
- go in
- go into
- hear of
- in
- input
- inside
- join
- jump in
- keep out
- left
- let in
- LIFO
- listen
- log in
- log on
- may
- move in
- penetrate
- pop in
- re-enter
- reason
- roll in
- run in
- sense
- show up
- slip in

* * *

entrar

♦ vi

1. [introducirse] [viniendo] to enter, to come in;
[yendo] to enter, to go in;
déjame entrar let me in;

entrar en algo to enter sth, to come/go into sth;

acababa de entrar en casa cuando… she had just got back home o got into the house when…;

lo vi entrar en el restaurante I saw him go into the restaurant;

entré por la ventana I got in through the window;

no tiene edad para entrar en discotecas she's not old enough to go to discos;

entró a toda velocidad he rushed in;

entra al campo Rubio en sustitución de un compañero Rubio is coming on for his teammate

2. [penetrar] to go in;

cierra la puerta, entra mucho viento close the door, you're letting the wind in;

este disquete no entra en la disquetera this disk won't go into the disk drive

3. [caber] to fit (en in);
esta llave no entra en la cerradura this key won't fit in the lock;

en esta habitación entran dos alfombras there's room for two rugs in this room;

este anillo no me entra I can't get this ring on my finger;

el pie no me entra en el zapato I can't get this shoe on

4. [incorporarse]
entrar (en algo) [colegio, empresa] to start (at sth);
[club, partido político] to join (sth);
entró en la universidad a los dieciocho años he went to university when he was eighteen;

entrar en la Unión Europea to join the European Union;

entró a trabajar de ayudante he started off as an assistant

5. [empezar]
entramos a las nueve we start at nine o'clock;

entrar a hacer algo to start doing sth;

entró a trabajar hace un mes she started work a month ago;
RP Fam
cuando me lo dijo, entré a atar cabos when he told me, I started putting two and two together;
RP Fam
cuando entró a pensar en el asunto, ya era demasiado tarde by the time he began thinking about the matter, it was already too late

6. [participar] to join in;

entrar en [discusión, polémica] to join in;
[negocio] to get in on;
no entremos en cuestiones morales let's not get involved in moral issues;

no tuvo tiempo de entrar en juego she didn't have time to get into the game;

yo ahí ni entro ni salgo it has nothing to do with me;

yo no entro en temas políticos porque no entiendo I don't discuss politics because I don't understand it

7. [estar incluido]
entrar en, entrar dentro de to be included in;

la cena entra en el precio dinner is included in the price;

¿cuántos entran en un kilo? how many do you get to the kilo?;

¿esto entra en o [m5] para el examen? does this come into the exam?

8. [figurar]
entro en el grupo de los disconformes I number among the dissidents;

este retraso no entraba en nuestros planes this delay did not form part of our plans

9. [estado físico, de ánimo]
le entraron ganas de hablar he suddenly felt like talking;

me entran ganas de ponerme a cantar I've got an urge to start singing;

me está entrando frío/sueño I'm getting cold/sleepy;

me entró mucha pena I was filled with pity;

entró en calor rápidamente she soon warmed up o got warm;

me entran sudores sólo de pensarlo it makes me break out in a cold sweat just thinking about it;

me entró la risa I got the giggles

10. [periodo de tiempo] to start;

el verano entra el 21 de junio summer starts on 21 June;

entrar en [edad, vejez] to reach;
[año nuevo] to start;
entramos en una nueva era de cooperación we are entering a new era of cooperation

11. [concepto, asignatura]
no le entra la geometría he can't get the hang of geometry;

no le entra en la cabeza que eso no se hace he can't seem to get it into his head that that sort of behaviour is out

12. Aut to engage;

no entra la tercera it won't go into third gear

13. Mús to come in;

ahora entra la sección de viento now the wind section comes in

14. Taurom to charge;

entrar al engaño to charge the cape

15. Fam [comida, bebida] to go down;

¡qué bien entra este vino! this wine goes down a treat!;

no, gracias, no me entra más no thanks, I couldn't take any more

♦ vt

1. [introducir] [trayendo] to bring in;
[llevando] to take in;
entra la ropa antes de que se moje take o bring the washing in before it gets wet;

entra las herramientas en el cobertizo y vamos a pasear put the tools in the shed and we'll go for a walk;

¿por dónde entraremos el piano? where are we going to get the piano in?;

entran tabaco de contrabando they bring in contraband tobacco, they smuggle tobacco

2. [acometer] to approach;

a ése no hay por donde entrarle it's impossible to know how to approach him;

hay un chico que le gusta, pero no sabe cómo entrarle there's a boy she fancies, but she doesn't know how to get talking to him

3. [en fútbol] to tackle;

entró al contrario con violencia he made a heavy challenge on his opponent;

entrar en falta a alguien to commit a foul on sb

* * *

entrar

I v/i

1 para indicar acercamiento come in, enter;

¡entre! come in!;

yo en eso no entro ni salgo that has nothing to do with me, I have nothing to do with that

2 para indicar alejamiento go in, enter

3 caber fit;

el pantalón no me entra these pants don’t fit me;

la llave no entra the key doesn’t fit;

no me entra en la cabeza I can’t understand it

4

:

¿cuántos plátanos entran en un kilo? how many bananas are there in a kilo?

5

:

me entró frío/sueño I got cold/sleepy, I began to feel cold/sleepy;

me entró miedo I got scared, I began to feel scared

6

:

entrar en go into;

entrar en los 40 años turn 40

7 ( gustar)

:

este tipo no me entra I don’t like the look of the guy, I don’t like the guy’s face

8 ( empezar)

:

entrar (a trabajar) a las ocho start (work) at eight o’clock

II v/t

1 para indicar acercamiento bring in

2 para indicar alejamiento take in

3 INFOR enter

4 en fútbol tackle

* * *

entrar vi

1) : to enter, to go in, to come in

2) : to begin

entrar vt

1) : to bring in, to introduce

2) : to access

* * *

entrar vb

1. (ir adentro) to go in

le vi entrar en la tienda I saw him go into the shop

entró en la habitación she went into the room

2. (lograr acceso, subir a un coche) to get in

el ladrón entró por la ventana the burglar got in through the window

vimos a tu hermano cuando entraba en el coche we saw your brother getting into the car

3. (pasar) to come in [pt. came; pp. come]

entra, que hace frío fuera come in it's cold outside

4. (caber) to fit [pt. & pp. fitted]

no me entran los pantalones my trousers don't fit me

5. (ingresar) to join / to get into

no ha podido entrar en el club he wasn't able to join the club

entró en la facultad que quería he got in the university he wanted to

6. (estar incluido) to be included

en el precio de la entrada entra una consumición one drink is included in the price of the ticket

7. (empezar) to start / to begin [pt. began; pp. begun]

el otoño entra en septiembre autumn begins in September

8. (sobrevenir) to get / to feel [pt. & pp. felt]

me entró sueño I felt sleepy

me está entrando frío I'm getting cold

me entraron ganas de reír I felt like laughing

9. (en fútbol) to tackle

le entró con los dos pies he tackled him with both feet

Spanish-English dictionary > entrar

18 explicar

v.

1 to explain.

¿te importaría explicarme qué pasa? would you mind telling me o explaining what's going on?

explícame cómo funciona tell me how it works

Ella explicó el motivo She explained the motive.

2 to teach, to lecture in.

3 to explain to, to explain, to clear up, to make it clear for.

Elsa le explicó a su hijo Elsa explained to her son.

4 to account for.

Ellos explicaron el desastre They accounted for the disaster.

* * *

explicar

Conjugation model [ SACAR], like link=sacar sacar

► verbo transitivo

1 (gen) to explain, expound, tell

■ ¿puedes explicar cómo desmontarlo? can you explain how to dismantle it?

■ explícame por qué no viniste tell me why you didn't come

2 (justificar) to justify

■ no pudo explicar su presencia he couldn't justify his presence

► verbo pronominal explicarse

1 (expresarse) to explain oneself, make oneself understood, make oneself clear

2 (comprender) to understand, make out

■ no me lo explico I can't understand it

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

¿me explico? do you understand?

* * *

verb

to explain

* * *

1. VT

1) (=exponer) [+ motivo, tema, cuestión, problema] to explain; [+ teoría] to expound

2) (Escol) [+ materia] to lecture in; [+ curso] to teach; [+ clase] to give, deliver frm

2.

See:

explicarse
EXPLICAR ► Cuando explicar lleva objeto directo e indirecto, el orden en inglés es normalmente explain + ((objeto directo)) + to + ((objeto indirecto)): ¿Puedes explicarme eso? Can you explain that to me? Ya se lo he explicado a mi familia I've already explained it to my family Os explicaré la situación I will explain the situation to you ► Sin embargo, si el objeto directo es una construcción más compleja, en inglés se sigue el mismo orden que en español, sin olvidar el uso de la preposición to: ¿Puedes explicarme por qué no viniste ni llamaste ayer? Can you explain to me why you didn't come or phone yesterday? Para otros usos y ejemplos ver la entrada
* * *
1.
verbo transitivo to explain

no sé explicarlo — I don't know how to explain it
2.
explicarse v pron

a) (comprender, concebir) to understand

no me lo explico — I can't understand it o (colloq) I just don't get it

b) ( hacerse comprender) to express oneself

se explica muy bien — he expresses himself very well

explícate — explain what you mean

¿me explico? — is that clear? o do you understand what I mean?

* * *

= account for, explain, present + discussion, set out, spell out, explicate, expound (on), set forth.

Ex. The major four categories of physical forms outlined so far account for most of the published indexes and catalogues.

Ex. This may help explain why many working in this field fail to practise what they preach.

Ex. This article presents a detailed discussion of the use of Hypermedia for authoring, organisation and presentation of information.

Ex. These complications were not hidden or implicit; they were clearly set out at the beginning of the volume under 'Rules for the Compilation of the Catalog'.

Ex. Certain obligations of public and university libraries and publicly supported library networks often are also spelled out in statutory form.

Ex. Sometime around the turn of the century the American library community decided against continuing its analysis of the periodical literature that we find so well explicated in the printed catalogs of Enoch Pratt and other major libraries at that time.

Ex. The philosophy of building CD-ROM data bases with files with common subject interests is expounded with reference to the OSH-ROM, CHEM-BANK and CANCER-CD data bases.

Ex. She sets forth some of the conditions which may have led to this situation in the hope that it may bring about further study.

----

* encontrar difícil de explicar = be hard put to explain.

* explicar Algo a Alguien = interpret + Algo + to + Alguien.

* explicar cómo = give + instructions for.

* explicar en detalle = explain + at length.

* explicar largamente = dwell on/upon.

* explicar la situación = explain + the situation.

* explicar las razones de = set out + the reasons for.

* explicar + Posesivo + versión del incidente = explain + Posesivo + side of the incident.

* explicar + Posesivo + versión de los hechos = explain + Posesivo + side of the story.

* explicarse = puzzle out.

* explicar una noción = put across + conception.

* explicar un Tema con más detalle = expand upon/on + Tema.

* no saber cómo explicarlo = be at a loss to explain it.

* que se explica por sí mismo = self-explanatory [self explanatory/selfexplanatory].

* sin explicar = unexplained.

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo to explain

no sé explicarlo — I don't know how to explain it
2.
explicarse v pron

a) (comprender, concebir) to understand

no me lo explico — I can't understand it o (colloq) I just don't get it

b) ( hacerse comprender) to express oneself

se explica muy bien — he expresses himself very well

explícate — explain what you mean

¿me explico? — is that clear? o do you understand what I mean?

* * *

= account for, explain, present + discussion, set out, spell out, explicate, expound (on), set forth.

Ex: The major four categories of physical forms outlined so far account for most of the published indexes and catalogues.

Ex: This may help explain why many working in this field fail to practise what they preach.

Ex: This article presents a detailed discussion of the use of Hypermedia for authoring, organisation and presentation of information.

Ex: These complications were not hidden or implicit; they were clearly set out at the beginning of the volume under 'Rules for the Compilation of the Catalog'.

Ex: Certain obligations of public and university libraries and publicly supported library networks often are also spelled out in statutory form.

Ex: Sometime around the turn of the century the American library community decided against continuing its analysis of the periodical literature that we find so well explicated in the printed catalogs of Enoch Pratt and other major libraries at that time.

Ex: The philosophy of building CD-ROM data bases with files with common subject interests is expounded with reference to the OSH-ROM, CHEM-BANK and CANCER-CD data bases.

Ex: She sets forth some of the conditions which may have led to this situation in the hope that it may bring about further study.

* encontrar difícil de explicar = be hard put to explain.

* explicar Algo a Alguien = interpret + Algo + to + Alguien.

* explicar cómo = give + instructions for.

* explicar en detalle = explain + at length.

* explicar largamente = dwell on/upon.

* explicar la situación = explain + the situation.

* explicar las razones de = set out + the reasons for.

* explicar + Posesivo + versión del incidente = explain + Posesivo + side of the incident.

* explicar + Posesivo + versión de los hechos = explain + Posesivo + side of the story.

* explicarse = puzzle out.

* explicar una noción = put across + conception.

* explicar un Tema con más detalle = expand upon/on + Tema.

* no saber cómo explicarlo = be at a loss to explain it.

* que se explica por sí mismo = self-explanatory [self explanatory/selfexplanatory].

* sin explicar = unexplained.

* * *

explicar [A2 ]

vt

to explain

¿nos puedes explicar en qué consiste el juego? can you explain to us o show us how to play the game?

¿nos vas a explicar por qué llegaste tan tarde? are you going to explain why o give us an explanation as to why you were so late?

no sé explicarlo I don't know how to express o explain it

■ explicarse

v pron

1 (comprender, concebir) to understand

no me explico cómo pudo suceder una cosa así I don't understand o I can't make out how something like this could have happened

no me lo explico, si estaba aquí hace un momento I can't understand it o ( colloq) I just don't get it, she was here a moment ago

2

(hacerse comprender): se explica muy bien he expresses himself very well

espero haberme explicado con toda claridad I hope I have made myself quite clear

no sé lo que quieres decir, explícate I don't know what you're trying to say, explain what you mean

¿me explico? is that clear? o do you understand what I mean?

no sabe explicarse he isn't very good at expressing himself o putting his ideas across o explaining things

se explicó diciendo que él creía que caducaba mañana he explained it (away) by saying that he thought it expired tomorrow

* * *

explicar ( conjugate explicar) verbo transitivo
to explain;
◊ no sé explicarlo I don't know how to explain it

explicarse verbo pronominal
a) (comprender, concebir) to understand;

◊ no me lo explico I can't understand it o (colloq) I just don't get it

b) ( hacerse comprender) to express oneself;

◊ explícate explain what you mean;

¿me explico? do you understand what I mean?
explicar verbo transitivo to explain
' explicar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
difícil
- repasar
- traducir
- llanamente
- minucia
English:
account for
- concoct
- die out
- elaborate
- explain
- for
- set-up
- show
- so
- spell out
- study
- account
- detail
- spell

* * *

explicar

♦ vt

1. [exponer, contar] to explain;
[teoría] to expound;
explícame cómo funciona tell me how it works;

¿te importaría explicarme qué pasa? would you mind telling me o explaining what's going on?;

es una sensación rara, no lo puedo explicar it's a strange feeling, I can't explain it

2. [enseñar] to teach, to lecture in

♦ See also the pronominal verb explicarse

* * *

explicar

v/t explain

* * *

explicar {72} vt

: to explain

♦ See also the reflexive verb explicarse

* * *

explicar vb to explain / to tell [pt. & pp. told]

explícanos qué ha pasado explain what happened / tell us what happened

me lo explicó de nuevo he explained it to me again

Spanish-English dictionary > explicar

19 понимать

(= понять) mean, understand, comprehend
•... можно понять из рис. 2. -... can be understood by reference to Fig. 2.

• В подобной неопределенной ситуации экспериментатор понимает, что... - In such an uncertain situation, the experimenter realizes that...

• Важно понимать природу этих аппроксимаций. - It is important that we understand the nature of these approximations.

• Важно понимать, что... - It is important to realize that...

• Во всех случаях важно понять, действительно ли... - It is important in all cases to recognize whether...

• Давайте начнем с более точного определения того, что мы понимаем под... - Let us begin by defining more carefully what we mean by...

• Данный явный парадокс исчезнет, когда мы поймем, что... - This apparent paradox disappears when we realize that...

• Для дальнейшего важно понять, что... - Because of what follows it is important to realize that...

• Зная это, мы понимаем, что... - With this framework before us, we realize that...

• Исследователи обязаны понимать, что... - Investigators must understand that...

• Как мы можем понимать этот результат?... - How can we understand this result?

• Как мы можем понимать/интерпретировать этот результат? - How can we understand this result?

• Как показывает рис. 1, этот процесс может быть понят в терминах... - As illustrated in Figure 1, this process can be understood in terms of...

• Легко понять причину этого (эффекта). - The reason for this is readily understood.

• Легко понять, что... - It is easily comprehended that...; It is easy to understand that...

• Лучше всего можно понять (= разобрать) ситуацию на графическом примере. - The situation is best considered graphically.

• Многие из наших более ранних результатов можно лучше понять, если... - Many of our earlier results can be better understood if...

• Можно понять эти результаты, рассматривая... - One can understand these results by considering...

• Мы должны ясно понимать, что означает... - We must understand clearly what is meant by...

• Мы можем более ясно понять, что здесь применяется... - We may see more clearly what is involved here by...

• Наблюдая все это многообразие вероятностей, необходимо хорошо понимать, что... - Amid this diversity of possibilities, it is well to realize that...

• Наиболее важно понять причину... - It is most important to understand the reason for...

• Проще всего понять эту идею, рассматривая... - The idea is most easily understood by examining...

• Необходимо понять и принять во внимание роль процессов, участвующих в... - It is therefore important to understand and appreciate the processes involved in...

• Необходимо/следует понять, что... - It is to be understood that...

• Нетрудно понять... - It is not difficult to understand (how, what, that)...; There is no difficulty in understanding how...

• Однако необходимо понимать, что... - However, it must be understood that...

• Под решением данной задачи мы понимаем... - By solving this problem we mean...

• С самого начала валено понимать, что... - It is important to realize at the outset that...

• Следовательно, безусловно желательно попытаться понять... - It is, therefore, certainly desirable to try to understand...

• Сначала мы обязаны сообщить, что мы понимаем под... - First we must say what we mean by...

• Такая аналогия помогает нам понять... - This analogy helps us to understand...

• Такие действия не приведут к нежелательным результатам, если читатель четко понимает, что... - No harm can come from this practice if one clearly understands that...

• Теперь стало возможным понять значение... - It is now possible to see the significance of...

• Трудно понять природу... - It is difficult to comprehend the nature of...

• Трудности этого экспериментирования становятся явными, когда понимаешь, что... - The experimental difficulties become apparent when one realizes that...

• Физики мгновенно поймут (= распознают), что... - Physicists will recognize at once that...

• Читатель должен ясно понимать различие между... - The reader must understand clearly the difference between...

• Читатель поймет, что данные свойства прямо связаны с... - The reader will realize that these properties are directly connected with...

• Чтобы легче понять эти уравнения, мы можем... - In order to understand these equations more easily we may...

• Чтобы лучше понять..., представьте (себе)... - То better understand..., imagine....

• Чтобы лучше понять физический механизм... - In order to better appreciate the physical mechanism for...

• Чтобы понять этот результат и его доказательство, начнем с рассмотрения простейшего случая при d = 1. - То get a feel for this result and how it is proved we begin with the trivial case d = 1.

• Чтобы понять, почему это так, мы обязаны... - То understand why this is so, we must...

• Чтобы понять это, достаточно рассмотреть... - То see this, it suffices to consider...

• Это вполне справедливо, однако необходимо понять, что... - This is quite true, but it should be realized that...

• Это легко можно понять, вспоминая, что... - This may readily be understood by remembering that...

• Это можно лучше всего понять, используя специальный пример. - This is best understood through a specific example.

• Этот метод легко понять, замечая, что... - The process is easily understood by noting that...

• Эту идею легко понять, однако... - The idea is easily understood, but...

• Необходимо понимать, что... - It should be realized that...

Русско-английский словарь научного общения > понимать

20 comprender

v.

1 to include, to comprise.

el periodo comprendido entre 1995 y 1999 the period from 1995 to 1999, the period between 1995 and 1999

El estudio comprende muchas áreas The study comprises several areas.

2 to understand.

te comprendo perfectamente I quite understand

comprendo que estés triste I can understand that you're unhappy

como comprenderás, me enfadé muchísimo I don't have to tell you I was absolutely furious

Ella comprende y perdona She understands and forgives.

Ella comprendió la lección She understood the lesson.

* * *

comprender

► verbo transitivo

1 (entender) to understand

■ lo comprendiste mal you misunderstood it

2 (contener) to comprise, include

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

¿comprendes? (en conversación) you see?

hacerse comprender to make oneself understood

todo comprendido (excursión etc) all-in, inclusive

* * *

verb

1) to understand, realize

2) comprise, cover

* * *

1. VT

1) (=entender) to understand

espero que comprendan nuestras razones — I hope that they understand our reasons

compréndeme, no me quedaba más remedio — you have to understand, I had no choice

te comprendo perfectamente — I understand perfectly

no acabo de comprender qué es lo que pasa — I still don't understand what's going on

no comprendo cómo ha podido pasar esto — I don't see o understand how this could have happened

• hacer comprender algo a algn, esto bastó para hacernos comprender su posición — this was all we needed to understand his position

• hacerse comprender — to make o.s. understood

2) (=darse cuenta) to realize

al final comprendió que yo no iba a ayudarle — he finally realized I wasn't going to help him

comprendemos perfectamente que haya gente a quien le molesta el tabaco — we fully understand o appreciate that some people are bothered by smoking

3) (=incluir) to comprise frm

la colección comprende cien discos y cuarenta libros — the collection consists of o frm comprises a hundred records and forty books

el primer tomo comprende las letras de la A a la G — the first volume covers o frm comprises letters A to G

está todo comprendido en el precio — the price is all-inclusive

el período comprendido entre 1936 y 1939 — the period from 1936 to 1939 o between 1936 and 1939
edad 1)
2. VI

1) (=entender) to understand

¿comprendes? — do you understand?

no hay forma de hacerle comprender — there is no way to make him understand

2) (=darse cuenta)

¡ya comprendo! — now I see!, I get it (now)! *

como tú comprenderás, no soy yo quién para juzgarlo — as you will appreciate o understand, I'm not the best person to judge him

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1)

a) ( entender) to understand, comprehend (frml)

nadie me comprende — nobody understands me

¿comprendido? — do you understand? (colloq)

como usted comprenderá... — as I'm sure you will appreciate...

b) ( darse cuenta) to realize, understand

comprendió que lo habían engañado — he realized that he had been tricked

2) (abarcar, contener): libro to cover; factura/precio to include

personas de edades comprendidas entre los 19 y los 23 años — people between the ages of 19 and 23
2.
comprender vi ( entender) to understand

hacerse comprender — to make oneself understood

* * *

= comprehend, comprise (of), gain + an understanding, grasp, have + some grasp, understand, achieve + understanding, fathom, sympathise [sympathize, -USA], see, include, get + Posesivo + head around, wrap + Posesivo + head around, have + a handle on, get + a handle on.

Ex. Thus, a predominant feature of such software packages is the user related interfaces, which permit a non-programmer to comprehend and interrogate the data stored.

Ex. The first edition comprised basic classes analysed into facets, using the colon as the notational device for synthesis.

Ex. Read the document with a view to gaining an understanding of its content and an appreciation of its scope.

Ex. She must try to convince him that no single individual, no matter how gifted, can any longer grasp the innumerable facets of modern corporate effort.

Ex. It is necessary to have some grasp of some fundamental aspects of computerized information-retrieval systems.

Ex. They assume only that the reader has some knowledge of the subject, so that the abstract can be understood.

Ex. From time to time it may be necessary to consult external references sources in order for the indexer to achieve a sufficient understanding of the document content for effective indexing.

Ex. As she ascended the staircase to the library director's office, she tried to fathom the reason for the imperious summons.

Ex. In World War 2 librarians generally sympathised with Britain, but many were isolationist or apathetic during the early years = En la Segunda Guerra Mundial los bibliotecarios generalmente simpatizaban con Gran Bretaña, aunque muchos mantuvieron una actitud no intervencionista o indiferente durante los primeros años.

Ex. I don't see why the smokers can't leave the building briefly when they want to smoke.

Ex. Document descriptions may be included in catalogues, bibliographies and other listings of documents.

Ex. You are not quite sure how one man could get his head around this at the time, but he managed, in a masterful way.

Ex. Sleuthing is like second-nature to her, and she can't possibly wrap her head around the concept of renouncing it completely.

Ex. 'I sure wish I had a better handle on this contract language,' he said.

Ex. Children get a handle on personal responsibility by holding a library card of their own, a card that gives them access to new worlds.

----

* a medio comprender = half-understood.

* ayudar a comprender mejor = offer + insights, improve + understanding, give + an insight into, glean + insights, provide + insight into, lend + understanding to.

* comprender bien = be clear in your mind.

* comprender mal = misunderstand.

* comprender mejor = gain + insight into, increase + understanding, place + Nombre + in/into + perspective, put into + perspective, gain + a better understanding, gain + a greater understanding, gain + a better sense of, get + a better sense of.

* comprenderse bien = be well understood.

* comprender un punto de vista = take + point.

* difícil de comprender = difficult to understand.

* empezar a comprender = grow on/upon + Pronombre.

* fácil de comprender = easy to grasp.

* hacer comprender = bring + home.

* no comprender = be beyond + Pronombre.

* no puedo comprender = I can't get over.

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1)

a) ( entender) to understand, comprehend (frml)

nadie me comprende — nobody understands me

¿comprendido? — do you understand? (colloq)

como usted comprenderá... — as I'm sure you will appreciate...

b) ( darse cuenta) to realize, understand

comprendió que lo habían engañado — he realized that he had been tricked

2) (abarcar, contener): libro to cover; factura/precio to include

personas de edades comprendidas entre los 19 y los 23 años — people between the ages of 19 and 23
2.
comprender vi ( entender) to understand

hacerse comprender — to make oneself understood

* * *

= comprehend, comprise (of), gain + an understanding, grasp, have + some grasp, understand, achieve + understanding, fathom, sympathise [sympathize, -USA], see, include, get + Posesivo + head around, wrap + Posesivo + head around, have + a handle on, get + a handle on.

Ex: Thus, a predominant feature of such software packages is the user related interfaces, which permit a non-programmer to comprehend and interrogate the data stored.

Ex: The first edition comprised basic classes analysed into facets, using the colon as the notational device for synthesis.

Ex: Read the document with a view to gaining an understanding of its content and an appreciation of its scope.

Ex: She must try to convince him that no single individual, no matter how gifted, can any longer grasp the innumerable facets of modern corporate effort.

Ex: It is necessary to have some grasp of some fundamental aspects of computerized information-retrieval systems.

Ex: They assume only that the reader has some knowledge of the subject, so that the abstract can be understood.

Ex: From time to time it may be necessary to consult external references sources in order for the indexer to achieve a sufficient understanding of the document content for effective indexing.

Ex: As she ascended the staircase to the library director's office, she tried to fathom the reason for the imperious summons.

Ex: In World War 2 librarians generally sympathised with Britain, but many were isolationist or apathetic during the early years = En la Segunda Guerra Mundial los bibliotecarios generalmente simpatizaban con Gran Bretaña, aunque muchos mantuvieron una actitud no intervencionista o indiferente durante los primeros años.

Ex: I don't see why the smokers can't leave the building briefly when they want to smoke.

Ex: Document descriptions may be included in catalogues, bibliographies and other listings of documents.

Ex: You are not quite sure how one man could get his head around this at the time, but he managed, in a masterful way.

Ex: Sleuthing is like second-nature to her, and she can't possibly wrap her head around the concept of renouncing it completely.

Ex: 'I sure wish I had a better handle on this contract language,' he said.

Ex: Children get a handle on personal responsibility by holding a library card of their own, a card that gives them access to new worlds.

* a medio comprender = half-understood.

* ayudar a comprender mejor = offer + insights, improve + understanding, give + an insight into, glean + insights, provide + insight into, lend + understanding to.

* comprender bien = be clear in your mind.

* comprender mal = misunderstand.

* comprender mejor = gain + insight into, increase + understanding, place + Nombre + in/into + perspective, put into + perspective, gain + a better understanding, gain + a greater understanding, gain + a better sense of, get + a better sense of.

* comprenderse bien = be well understood.

* comprender un punto de vista = take + point.

* difícil de comprender = difficult to understand.

* empezar a comprender = grow on/upon + Pronombre.

* fácil de comprender = easy to grasp.

* hacer comprender = bring + home.

* no comprender = be beyond + Pronombre.

* no puedo comprender = I can't get over.

* * *

comprender [E1 ]

vt

A (entender) to understand

comprendo tus temores/su reacción I understand your fears/his reaction

nadie me comprende nobody understands me

vuelve a las once ¿comprendido? I want you back at eleven, do you understand?, I want you back at eleven, do you have that? ( AmE) o ( BrE) have you got that? ( colloq)

entonces comprendió que lo habían engañado he realized then that he had been tricked

como usted comprenderá, no podemos hacer excepciones as I'm sure you will appreciate, we cannot make exceptions

designios que la mente humana no alcanza a comprender designs that the human mind cannot comprehend

B

(abarcar, contener): el segundo tomo comprende los siglos XVII y XVIII the second volume covers the 17th and 18th centuries

los gastos de calefacción están comprendidos en esta suma the heating costs are included in this total

IVA no comprendido not including VAT, excluding VAT, exclusive of VAT ( frml)

jóvenes de edades comprendidas entre los 19 y los 23 años young people between the ages of 19 and 23

* * *

comprender ( conjugate comprender) verbo transitivo
1
a) ( entender) to understand, comprehend (frml);

◊ nadie me comprende nobody understands me

b) ( darse cuenta) to realize, understand;

◊ comprendió que lo habían engañado he realized that he had been tricked

2 (abarcar, contener) [ libro] to cover;
[factura/precio] to include
verbo intransitivo ( entender) to understand;
◊ hacerse comprender to make oneself understood

comprender verbo transitivo
1 (incluir, abarcar) to comprise, include
2 (entender) to understand ➣ Ver nota en understand

' comprender' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
aclararse
- asequible
- concebir
- entender
- explicarse
- percibir
- seguir
- cuenta
- explicar
- incluir
English:
comprehend
- comprise
- cotton on
- figure out
- get through
- grasp
- incorporate
- insight
- sympathize
- understand
- misunderstand
- realize
- though

* * *

comprender

♦ vt

1. [incluir] to include, to comprise;

el grupo comprende varias empresas the group comprises several companies;

el país comprende tres regiones bien diferenciadas the country consists of three quite distinct regions;

el gasto de instalación no está comprendido the cost of installation is not included;

la exposición comprende 500 cuadros the exhibition consists of 500 paintings;

el periodo comprendido entre 1995 y 1999 the period between 1995 and 1999 o from 1995 to 1999

2. [entender] to understand;

como comprenderás, me enfadé muchísimo I don't have to tell you I was absolutely furious;

te comprendo perfectamente I quite understand;

no comprendo tu actitud I don't understand your attitude;

no comprendo cómo puede gustarte Carlos I don't know what you see in Carlos;

comprendo que estés triste I can understand that you're unhappy;

¿comprendes?, si no se lo decimos se va a enfadar look, if we don't tell him, he's going to get angry

♦ See also the pronominal verb comprenderse

* * *

comprender

v/t

1 understand;

hacerse comprender make o.s. understood;

comprender mal misunderstand

2 ( abarcar) include

* * *

comprender vt

1) entender: to comprehend, to understand

2) abarcar: to cover, to include

comprender vi

: to understand

¡ya comprendo!: now I understand!

* * *

comprender vb

1. (entender) to understand [pt. & pp. understood]

no me comprende he doesn't understand me

nunca comprenderé por qué lo hizo I'll never understand why he did it

2. (incluir) to be made up of

el examen comprende tres partes the exam is made up of three parts

Spanish-English dictionary > comprender

Страницы

Следующая →

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

См. также в других словарях:

How Soon Is Now? — Infobox Single Name = How Soon Is Now? Artist = The Smiths from Album = Hatful of Hollow Released = January 28, 1985 August 31, 1992 (re issue) Format = 7 single, 12 single Recorded = Mid 1984 Genre = Alternative rock Length = 3:53 (7 ), 6:43 (12 … Wikipedia

how — 1 /haU/ adverb 1 QUESTIONS a) used to ask about what way or what method you should use to do something, find out about something, go somewhere etc: How do you spell foyer? | How should I dress for this job interview? | How on earth do you manage… … Longman dictionary of contemporary English

How to Read a Book — was written in 1940 by Mortimer Adler. He co authored a heavily revised edition in 1972 with Charles Van Doren. The book gives guidelines for critically reading what the authors consider to be the Western canon, which they refer to as the Great… … Wikipedia

How to Train Your Dragon — is a 2003 children s novel by British author Cressida Cowell, and published by Hodder Children s Books.Five sequels have been released: How To Be A Pirate , How to Speak Dragonese , How to Train Your Viking , How to Cheat a Dragon s Curse , How… … Wikipedia

This Time (Melanie C song) — «This Time» Сингл Melanie C из альбома This Time Сторона «Б» We Love To Entertain You Understand (Alternative Version) Выпущен 12 октября 2007 Формат Maxi single, CD Single, 7 inch, Digital download Записан … Википедия

This Time (альбом Мелани Си) — This time Студийный альбом Мелани Си Дата выпуска 30 марта 2007 Записан 2006 2007 Жанр Pop rock … Википедия

How Clean Is Your House? — Aggie MacKenzie Kim Woodburn, stars of How Clean is Your House? Format Entertainment/Lifestyle Starring … Wikipedia

understand — understand, comprehend, appreciate mean to have a clear idea or conception or full and exact knowledge of something. Understand and comprehend both imply an obtaining of a mental grasp of something and in much of their use are freely… … New Dictionary of Synonyms

How I Learned to Drive — Written by Paula Vogel Characters Lil Bit Uncle Peck Lil Bit s mother Lil Bit s grandmother Lil Bit s grandfather Bobby Date premiered March 16, 1997 Pla … Wikipedia

understand — (v.) O.E. understandan comprehend, grasp the idea of, probably lit. stand in the midst of, from under + standan to stand (see STAND (Cf. stand)). If this is the meaning, the under is not the usual word meaning beneath, but from O.E. under, from… … Etymology dictionary

How Europe Underdeveloped Africa — is a book written by Walter Rodney in which he portrays the view that Africa was deliberately exploited and underdeveloped by European colonial regimes.Rodney argues that a combination of power politics and economic exploitation of Africa by… … Wikipedia

Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: со всех языков на английский

this is how I understand

См. также в других словарях:

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: со всех языков на английский

this is how I understand

См. также в других словарях:

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка: