si

See also: Appendix:Variations of "si"

Languages (110)

Translingual • English

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Page categories

Translingual

Etymology

Clipping of English Sinhalese, from Sinhalese සිංහල (siṁhala), itself borrowed from Sanskrit सिंहल (siṃhala).

Symbol

si

1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Sinhalese.

See also

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Sinhalese terms

English

Alternative forms

• ti

Etymology

From Middle English si (“seventh degree or note of Guido of Arezzo's hexachordal scales”), Italian si in the solmization of Guido of Arezzo, from the initials of Latin Sāncte Iohannēs (“Saint John (the Baptist)”) in the lyrics of the scale-ascending hymn Ut queant laxis by Paulus Deacon; thus, also an initialism of Sāncte Iohannēs.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /siː/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -iː
• Homophones: C, cee, sea, see

Noun

si (plural sis)

1. (music) A syllable used in solfège to represent the seventh note of a major scale.

Translations

seventh note of a major scale

• Arabic: سِي m (sī)
• Basque: si (eu)
• Catalan: si (ca) m
• Finnish: ti (fi), si (fi)
• French: si (fr) m
• Hungarian: ti (hu)
• Indonesian: si (id)
• Italian: si (it) m
• Japanese: シ (ja) (shi)
• Korean: 시 (ko) (si)
• Macedonian: си (si)
• Polish: si (pl)
• Portuguese: si (pt) m
• Russian: си (ru) n (si)
• Spanish: si (es)
• Vietnamese: si (vi)

See also

• si liao

Anagrams

• 'is, I's, IS, Is, i's, is, is-, is.

Akan

Verb

si (future bɛsi)

1. to descend
2. to happen
   1. (prospective) to be impending
3. (usually with past tense or perfect aspect) to end

   Sini no nsiiɛ. ― The movie hasn't ended yet.

Derived terms

• si aboɔ
• si fam
• si kwan
• si nneɛma
• si so (“to be in one's prime”)

Albanian

Etymology

Varying reconstructions. Orel descends it from Proto-Albanian *tšei, Matzinger from Proto-Albanian *čī. Ultimately from instrumental Proto-Indo-European *kʷí-h₁. Compare Latin qui (“how, why”), Old English hwȳ, hwī (“why”). An interrogative and relative pronoun, especially in connection with a preposition.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [si]

• Audio:

  (file)

Adverb

si

1. how; in what way; in what state

   Si janë shokët e tu? ― How are your friends?

2. like, as

   Si e dini, nuk kemi filluar ende. ― As you know, we've not yet begun.

Derived terms

• cila
• cili
• disi
• sesi
• sido
• sidoqoftë
• sivjet

See also

• qysh

Further reading

• “si”, in FMGJSH: Fjalor i madh i gjuhës shqipe (in Albanian), 2026

Alemannic German

Etymology 1

From Old High German siu, from Proto-Germanic *sī. Cognate with German sie (“she; it”), Gothic 𐍃𐌹 (si), Old English sēo.

Pronoun

si f

1. she
2. it (for referents of the feminine grammatical gender)

Declension

Alemannic German personal pronouns

			nominative	accusative	dative	possessive m
singular	1st person		ich, i	mich, mi	mir, mier, mer	min, miin
	2nd person	familiar	du	dich, di	dir, dier, der	din, diin
		polite	Si		Ine, Ene, -ne	Ire
	3rd person	m	er	in, en	im	sin, siin
		f	si		ire
		n	es, 's, -s		im	sin, siin
plural	1st person		mir, mer	üs, öis, ois, eus		üse, öise, oise, euse
	2nd person		ir, ier	öi, eu		öie, eure
	3rd person		si		ine, ene, -ne	ire

Etymology 2

From Old High German sie m pl, sio f pl, siu n pl. Cognate with German sie, Dutch zij.

Pronoun

si pl

1. they

Declension

Alemannic German personal pronouns

			nominative	accusative	dative	possessive m
singular	1st person		ich, i	mich, mi	mir, mier, mer	min, miin
	2nd person	familiar	du	dich, di	dir, dier, der	din, diin
		polite	Si		Ine, Ene, -ne	Ire
	3rd person	m	er	in, en	im	sin, siin
		f	si		ire
		n	es, 's, -s		im	sin, siin
plural	1st person		mir, mer	üs, öis, ois, eus		üse, öise, oise, euse
	2nd person		ir, ier	öi, eu		öie, eure
	3rd person		si		ine, ene, -ne	ire

Etymology 3

From Middle High German sein, sīn, from Old High German sīn, from Proto-Germanic *sīnaz. Cognate with German sein, Dutch zijn, West Frisian syn, Icelandic sinn.

Alternative forms

• siin

Determiner

si

1. his

Declension

Inflected forms include:

	Singular			Plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter
Nominative Accusative	si	sini	si	sini
Genitive	sines & si's		sines
Dative	si'm & sim	siner	si'm & sim	sine

Etymology 4

From Middle High German sīn, from Old High German sīn. Cognate with German sein, Dutch zijn, Low German sien.

Alternative forms

• sii, siin, sinh, ŝchi

Verb

si

1. (Gressoney) to be

References

• Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

Asturian

Etymology

From Latin si.

Conjunction

si

1. if

Bahnar

Etymology

From Proto-Bahnaric *ciː, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ciiʔ (“louse”); cognate with Vietnamese chí, chấy.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /siː/

Noun

si

1. louse

Bambara

Noun

si

1. shea.

Descendants

• → English: shea

Bavarian

Etymology

Cognate with German sich.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /si(ː)/, (stressed) [siː], (unstressed) [sɪ], [se]
• Rhymes: -iː

Pronoun

si

1. himself, herself, themselves (accusative)

See also

Bavarian personal pronouns

		nominative		accusative		dative
		stressed	unstressed	stressed	unstressed	stressed	unstressed
1st person singular		i	—	mi	—	mia (mir)	ma
2nd person singular	informal	du	—	di	—	dia (dir)	da
	formal	Sie	—	Eahna	—	Eahna	—
3rd person singular	m	er	a	eahm	'n	eahm	'n
	n	es, des	's	des	's
	f	se, de	's	se	's	ihr	—
1st person plural		mia (mir)	ma	uns	—	uns	—
2nd person plural		eß, ihr	—	enk, eich	—	enk, eich	—
3rd person plural		se	's	eahna	—	eahna	—

Belizean Creole

Etymology

From English see.

Verb

si

1. to see

References

• Crosbie, Paul, ed. (2007), Kriol-Inglish Dikshineri: English-Kriol Dictionary. Belize City: Belize Kriol Project, p. 315–316.

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Northern, Balearic, Central, Valencia, Northwestern) [si]

• Audio (Catalonia):

  (file)

• Homophone: sí
• Rhymes: -i

Etymology 1

From Old Catalan si, from Latin si (“if”).

Conjunction

si

1. if

See also

• si bé
• si de cas
• si doncs no
• si més no
• si no
• si per cas
• si et plau
• si us plau

Etymology 2

From Latin Sancte Iohannes (“Saint John”) in the hymn for St. John the Baptist.

Noun

si m (plural sis)

1. (music) si (seventh note of a diatonic scale)

Etymology 3

From Old Catalan si~sin, from Latin sĭnus.

Noun

si m (plural sins)

1. cavity, depression
2. (anatomy) sinus
3. (figuratively) uterus
4. front portion of the breast
5. (figuratively) heart
6. estuary, bay

See also

• si d'Abraham m

Etymology 4

From Latin sĭbī.

Pronoun

si

1. himself, herself, itself
2. oneself
3. themselves
4. each other

Usage notes

• Si is the stressed (or "strong", or "tonic") form of the reflexive pronoun es. As such, it is used after prepositions.

Declension

Catalan personal pronouns and clitics

			strong/subject	weak (direct object)		weak (indirect object)		possessive
				proclitic	enclitic	proclitic	enclitic
singular	1st person	standard	jo, mi3	em, m’	-me, ’m	em, m’	-me, ’m	meu
		majestic1	nós	ens	-nos, ’ns	ens	-nos, ’ns	nostre
	2nd person	standard	tu	et, t’	-te, ’t	et, t’	-te, ’t	teu
		formal1	vós	us	-vos, -us	us	-vos, -us	vostre
		very formal2	vostè	el, l’	-lo, ’l	li	-li	seu
	3rd person	m	ell	el, l’	-lo, ’l	li	-li	seu
		f	ella	la, l’4	-la	li	-li	seu
		n		ho	-ho	li	-li	seu
plural
	1st person		nosaltres	ens	-nos, ’ns	ens	-nos, ’ns	nostre
	2nd person	standard	vosaltres	us	-vos, -us	us	-vos, -us	vostre
		formal2	vostès	els	-los, ’ls	els	-los, ’ls	seu
	3rd person	m	ells	els	-los, ’ls	els	-los, ’ls	seu
		f	elles	les	-les	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person reflexive			si	es, s’	-se, ’s	es, s’	-se, ’s	seu
adverbial	ablative/genitive			en, n’	-ne, ’n
	locative			hi	-hi

¹ Behaves grammatically as plural.   ² Behaves grammatically as third person.
³ Only as object of a preposition.   ⁴ Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.

See also

• de si mateix
• en si
• entre si
• fora de si
• per a si
• per si mateix
• tornar en si

See also

• sí

Central Bikol

Etymology

Compare Chamorro si, Indonesian si, Malay si, and Tagalog si.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /si/ [si]
• Hyphenation: si

Article

si (Basahan spelling ᜐᜒ)

1. direct marker placed before names or terms of address of people

   Nagdalagan si Juan. ― Juan ran.

   Dinara ninda si Tatay sa ospital. ― They brought Father to the hospital.

2. direct marker placed before an adjective used to refer to a person with those distinct characteristics

   Yaon na si Taba. ― Fatso is here.

3. (Naga) direct marker placed before common nouns

   Synonym: su

   Kinua ko na si pakete. ― I already got the package

See also

• an
• sina

Central Franconian

Alternative forms

• sei, sein (Moselle Franconian)

Etymology

From Middle High German sīn.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ziː/, /zi/
• Homophone: sie

Determiner

si (masculine senge or singe, feminine and plural seng or sing)

1. (Ripuarian) his, its (third-person masculine and neuter possessive)

   Wo hät e dann si Jlas henjestallt? ― Where did he put his glass?

Usage notes

• The form seng/sing is used for the neuter when strongly stressed: Dat es sing Jlas! (“That's his glass!”) Contrariwise, the form si may be used for the masculine and feminine when unstressed, chiefly with words for relatives: si Papp (“his father”, but less common than senge Papp).

Chamorro

Etymology

Compare Central Bikol si, Indonesian si, and Malay si.

Preposition

si

1. Subject marker for personal names

Chavacano

Etymology 1

Inherited from Spanish sí.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /si/ [si]
• IPA^(key): /ˈsi/ [ˈsi]
• Rhymes: -si, -i

Particle

si

1. yes

Etymology 2

Inherited from Spanish si (“if”).

Conjunction

si

1. if

Etymology 3

Borrowed from various Philippine languages, notably Tagalog, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, and others.

Article

si

1. direct marker placed before names or terms of address of people

Cimbrian

Alternative forms

• zi (Sette Comuni)

Etymology

From Middle High German si(e), from Old High German siu, from Proto-West Germanic *sī, from Proto-Germanic *sī, nominative singular feminine of *iz. Cognate with German sie.

Pronoun

si

1. (Luserna) she, it

Inflection

Personal pronouns (Luserna)

	singular	plural
1st person	i	biar
2nd person	du	iar
3rd person	er, si, 'z	se

References

• “si” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.

Cornish

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

si m (plural siow)

1. hiss, buzz

Derived terms

• edhen si (“hummingbird”)

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

si

1. (transitive) to fancy

Derived terms

• sians (“notion, whim”)

Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *si.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈsɪ]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio:

  (file)

Pronoun

si (reflexive)

1. clitic dative of sebe:

   to oneself

   to myself

   to yourself

   Posluž si. ― Serve yourself.

   to himself

   to herself

   to itself

   to ourselves

   to yourselves

   to themselves

   Synonym: (stressed) sobě

Further reading

• “si”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “si”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

Dalmatian

Dalmatian cardinal numbers

<  5	6	7  >
Cardinal : si

Etymology

From Latin sex.

Numeral

si

1. six

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse sía (“to sieve, filter”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /siː/, [siːˀ]
• Rhymes: -i
• Rhymes: -iː

Noun

si c (singular definite sien, plural indefinite sier)

1. sieve
2. strainer
3. colander

Inflection

Declension of si

common gender	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	si	sien	sier	sierne
genitive	sis	siens	siers	siernes

Verb

si (imperative si, infinitive at si, present tense sier, past tense siede, perfect tense har siet)

1. sieve
2. strain
3. sift

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /si/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: si
• Rhymes: -i

Noun

si f (plural si's, diminutive sietje n)

1. musical note; ti

Anagrams

• is

Esperanto

Etymology

From Italian si, French soi, Spanish se, Latin se, plus the i of personal pronouns.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /si/

• Audio 1:

  (file)

• Audio 2:

  (file)

• Audio 3:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -i
• Syllabification: si

Pronoun

si (reflexive, accusative sin, possessive sia)

1. himself, herself, itself, themselves, oneself

Usage notes

The reflexive pronoun si is only used to refer to the third person (In English: he/she/it/they) not the first or second person (In English: I/we/you). When the subject of a sentence is first or second person, the same pronoun is repeated (with the accusative ending -n added if needed) instead of using si. (E.g. "they wash themselves" is ili lavas sin, but "I wash myself" is mi lavas min, instead of *mi lavas sin.)

See also

Esperanto personal pronouns

		singular				plural
		nominative	accusative	possessive		nominative	accusative	possessive
first person		mi	min	mia		ni	nin	nia
second person	formal	vi	vin	via		vi	vin	via
	familiar1	ci	cin	cia
third person	masculine	li	lin	lia		ili iŝi2	ilin iŝin2	ilia iŝia2
	feminine	ŝi	ŝin	ŝia
	neuter	ĝi	ĝin	ĝia
	gender-neutral2	ri ŝli	rin ŝlin	ria ŝlia
	reflexive	si	sin	sia		si	sin	sia
indefinite		oni	onin	onia		oni	onin	onia

¹ Rare.

² Not widely used.

Further reading

• “si”, in Plena Ilustrita Vortaro de Esperanto [Complete Illustrated Dictionary of Esperanto], 2020, →ISBN
• “si”, in Reta Vortaro [Online Dictionary] (in Esperanto), 1997-2026

Ewe

Verb

si

1. to escape

Fala

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *sóder.

Proto-Italic *sei

Latin sī

Old Galician-Portuguese se

Fala si

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese se, from Latin sī (“if”).

Conjunction

si

1. if (used to introduce a condition or choice)
   • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme I, Chapter 1: Lengua Española:

     I si “a patria do homi é sua lengua”, cumu idía Albert Camus, o que está claru é que a lengua está mui por encima de fronteiras, serras, rius i maris, de situaciós pulíticas i sociu-económicas, de lazus religiosus e inclusu familiaris.

     And if “a man’s homeland is his language”, as Albert Camus said, what is clear is that language is above borders, mountain ranges, rivers and seas, above political and socio-economic situations, of religious and even family ties.

Etymology 2

Pronoun

si

1. alternative form of se
   • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme I, Chapter 2: Númerus?:

     As lenguas, idiomas, dialectus o falas tenin un-as funciós mui claras desde o principiu dos siglu i si hai contabilizaus en o mundu un-as 8.000 lenguas, ca un-a con sua importancia numérica relativa, a nossa fala é un tesoiru mais entre elas.

     The tongues, languages or regional variants have some very clear functions since the beginning of the centuries and some 8,000 languages have been accounted for in the world, each with its relative numerical importance, Fala is yet another treasure among them.

French

French phrasebook

This entry is part of the phrasebook project, which presents criteria for inclusion based on utility, simplicity and commonness.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /si/

  • Audio:

    (file)

  • Audio (France (Paris)):

    (file)

  • Audio (France (Toulouse)):

    (file)

  • Audio (France (Vosges)):

    (file)

  • Audio (France):

    (file)

  • Audio (France (Grenoble)):

    (file)

  • Audio (France (Vosges)):

    (file)

  • Audio (France (Vosges)):

    (file)

  • Audio (France (Hérault)):

    (file)

  • Audio (France (Lyon)):

    (file)

  • Audio (France (Massy)):

    (file)

  • Homophones: ci, scie, scient, scies

Etymology 1

From Old French se, from Latin si (“if”).

Conjunction

si

2. if, whether

   Je me demande si elle sera seule. ― I wonder if she'll be alone.

   Je veux savoir si tu viendras ou non. ― I want to know if you're coming or not.

4. if (assuming that)

   Si j'avais ses pouvoirs, je créerais un monde où le mal n'existe pas.

   If I had his power, I'd create a world where evil didn't exist.

   Si tu n'avais pas appelé, je serais morte. ― If you hadn't called, I'd be dead.

6. even if
8. although, while

Usage notes

• This term is elided preceding il or ils, resulting in the contracted forms s'il and s'ils.

Derived terms

• avec des si on mettrait Paris en bouteille
• comme si
• même si
• si ce n'est
• si et seulement si
• si possible
• si seulement
• sinon

Descendants

• Haitian Creole: si
• Mauritian Creole: si

Etymology 2

From Old French si, from Latin sic (“so, thus”). Doublet of sic.

Interjection

si

2. yes (used to contradict a negative statement)

   Synonym: (archaic) si fait

   Tu ne m’aimes pas, n’est-ce pas ? — Si !

   You don’t like me, do you? — Yes, I do!

   Moi, je n'ai rien fait ! — Si ! ― I didn't do anything! — Yes, you did!

Usage notes

• This usage is uncommon in Quebec, where most speakers instead use oui (“yes”) or, for greater emphasis, ben oui, mais oui ("well yes"), etc.
• Additionally, this usage is not employed at all in Louisiana and has been entirely supplanted by the likes of ouais (“yeah”) and, less commonly, oui (“yes”).

Descendants

• Mauritian Creole: si

Adverb

si

2. so, such (intensifier)

   J’étais si fatigué ces jours-ci que je n’avais pas le courage de vous écrire.

   I was so tired those days that I didn't have the energy to write to you.

   Cela n'aurait pas été une si bonne idée. ― That wouldn't have been such a good idea.

4. (si + adjective/adverb + que ...) however (to whatever extent or degree)

   Synonyms: aussi, tout, quelque

   Si bavard qu'il soit, il ne dit rien de stupide.

   However talkative he may be, he doesn't say anything stupid.

   • 2017, Luc Brisson, Platon:

     Mais un législateur qui aurait un tant soit peu de worth, si infime soit elle, quand bien même il n'en irait pas comme l'argument vient de le démontrer, n'aurait-il pas commis en cette occasion, plus qu'en n'importe quelle autre circonstance où il aurait eu l'audace de mentir aux jeunes gens dans l'intérêt du bien, son plus utile mensonge, celui capable de faire que tous, non pas de force mais de leur plein gré, se conduisent de façon entièrement juste ?

     But a legislator who would have the slightest bit of valour, however tiny it may be, even if it were not as the argument has just demonstrated, would he not have committed on this occasion, more than in any other circumstance where he would have had the audacity to lie to young people in the interest of the good, his most useful lie, the one capable of making everyone, not by force but of their own accord, behave in an entirely just fashion?

Usage notes

• In the sense however, the verb is usually in the subjunctive.
• The que is sometimes replaced by an inverted-subject construction with a subjunctive verbal element and nominal, usually a personal pronoun.

  si heureuse soit-elle ― however happy she may be

  si faible paraisse-t-il ― however weak he may seem

Etymology 3

Noun

si m (invariable)

1. (music) si, the note 'B'

Derived terms

• si majeur

Further reading

• “si”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012

Friulian

Etymology

From Latin se.

Pronoun

si (third person)

1. (reflexive pronoun) himself, herself

Related terms

• lui
• jê

Galician

"Statute of Galicia: [vote] yes", pro-Galician devolved government, 1936

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsi/ [ˈs̺i]
• Rhymes: -i
• Hyphenation: si

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *sóder.

Proto-Italic *sei

Latin sī

Proto-Indo-European *ḱe

Proto-Italic *ke

Latin -ce

Latin sīce

Latin sīc

Galician si

Inherited from Latin sīc.

Interjection

si

1. yes

   Antonym: non

Etymology 2

From Latin sē, ablative and accusative pronoun form.

Pronoun

si (accusative se, dative se)

1. himself, herself, itself
2. themselves

Usage notes

The pronoun si is used exclusively as the object of a preposition; no nominative form exists.

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

si m (plural sis)

1. (music) si (musical note)
2. (music) B (the musical note or key)

See also

musical solfège notes: notas musicaisedit

• dó
• fa
• la
• mi
• re
• si
• sol

Gothic

Romanization

si

1. romanization of 𐍃𐌹

Guinea-Bissau Creole

Etymology

From Portuguese se. Cognate with Kabuverdianu si.

Conjunction

si

1. if

Haitian Creole

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /si/

Etymology 1

From French si (“if”).

Conjunction

si

1. if

Etymology 2

From French scie (“saw”).

Noun

si

1. saw (tool for cutting)

Etymology 3

From French sûr (“sure”).

Adjective

si

1. sure
2. trustworthy, reliable

Related terms

• siman

Etymology 4

From French sur (“sour”).

Adjective

si

1. sour

References

• Targète, Jean; Urciolo, Raphael (1993), Haitian Creole-English Dictionary‎^[3], Dunwoody Press, →ISBN, pages 178-179

Hanunoo

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *si.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsi/ [ˈsi]
• Rhymes: -i
• Syllabification: si

Article

si (Hanunoo spelling ᜰᜲ)

1. a form preposed to personal names

   Si Gawid ― Gawid

   Sintay si Luyon? ― Who is Luyon?

   Kang manok si manayti. ― My bird the manayti (small bird)

See also

• kan
• kay
• ni
• ti

Further reading

• Conklin, Harold C. (1953), Hanunóo-English Vocabulary (University of California Publications in Linguistics), volume 9, London, England: University of California Press, →OCLC, page 244

Iau

Noun

si

1. woman

References

• Bill Palmer, editor (2018), The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area, Berlin: de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 531

Ido

Etymology

Borrowed from Italian sì, Spanish sí.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /si/

Adverb

si (archaic)

1. yes

   Synonym: yes

   Antonym: no

References

• Progreso I (in Ido), 1908–1909, page 10

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈsi/ [ˈsi]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -i
• Syllabification: si

Etymology 1

Inherited from Malay si, from Proto-Austronesian *si. Compare Central Bikol si, Chamorro si, and Tagalog si.

Article

si

1. definite article used before the names of those with whom the speaker and interlocutor is intimate or familiar with

   Tiada satupun yang berani pada si Tigor pemberani. ― No one dared to oppose the brave Tigor.

   Kukatakan pada si Yopi kecil, janganlah marah ― I said to little Yopi, don't angry.

   Kudengar bahwa si Tuti besar sedang sakit ― I hear that big Tuti is ill.

2. definite article used before a noun referring to a particular person with a particular characteristic

   Si penjual jamu itu cantik sekali. ― That jamu seller is very pretty.

   Dia tertawa dengan si orang asing itu. ― She was laughing with the foreigner.

   Si pemuda itu tersenyum lebar lalu pergi. ― The young man smiled broadly then left.

3. definite article used before a nickname, typically for a subject whose well-known attributes are referred to by an adjective

   Namanya si Putih ― The name is Whitey.

   Si Gendut ― The Fatso

   Si Goblok ― The Old Muttonhead

4. definite article used before animals

   si kucing ― the cat

Usage notes

Only used for singular nouns/proper nouns.

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Betawi [Term?].

Particle

si

1. Used following interrogative words for emphasis

   Synonyms: kah, sih, tah

   Apa si yang dicari? ― What is it that (you) look for?

2. (modal) Used to express verity based on the speaker's sentiment, often indicates certain contrast: truly, actually; after all, so

   Synonyms: memang, sebenarnya, sih

   Tidak apalah, saya si tidak salah. ― That's okay. I'm not at fault, after all.

Alternative forms

• sih

Etymology 3

From Italian si in the solmization of Guido of Arezzo, from the initials of Latin Sāncte Iohannēs (“Saint John (the Baptist)”) in the lyrics of the scale-ascending hymn Ut queant laxis by Paulus Deacon; thus, also an initialism of Sāncte Iohannēs.

Noun

si

1. (music) si: seventh note of a major scale

Etymology 4

Noun

si

1. (law enforcement) apheretic form of seksi (“section”)

Etymology 5

Unadapted borrowing from Japanese 市(し) (shi, “city”). Romanised according modified Kunrei-shiki romanization.

Noun

si

1. (historical, 1942-1945) synonym of kota (“city”)

Further reading

• “si”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Interlingua

Adverb

si

1. yes

Italian

Etymology 1

From Latin se (“him-, her-, it-, themselves”, reflexive third-person pronoun). Cognate with Spanish se and Portuguese se and si.

Alternative forms

• -si (enclitic)
• se (before an accusative particle, or ne)
• ci (before another si)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /si/^°, /si/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: si

Pronoun

si

2. (reflexive pronoun) oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves

   Il tuo gatto si lava sul mio letto. ― Your cat cleans himself/itself on my bed.

   La tua gatta si lava sul mio letto. ― Your cat cleans herself on my bed.

   Marco si è rotto il braccio. ― Marco has broken his arm.

4. (reciprocal pronoun) each other, one another

   Carlo e Laura si amano. ― Carlo and Laura love each other.

6. (indefinite) one, you, we, they, people

   In Italia si pranza intorno all'una. ― In Italy they eat lunch around 13.

   In Italia si tende ad andare a letto tardi. ― In Italy, people tend to go to bed late.

   Si dice che Maria volesse uccidere Giovanni. ― It is said that Maria wanted to kill Giovanni.

   Da questa finestra si vede la banca. ― From this window, one can see the bank.

8. (si passivante) Used to form the passive voice of a verb; it

   Si vende latte. / Vendesi latte. ― Milk for sale.

   Non si accettano carte di credito. ― Credit cards are not accepted.

10. (dialectal, notably Rome) reflexive and reciprocal first person pronoun, where Standard Italian uses ci

    Se semo fatti sei chilometri a fette. (Ci siamo fatti sei chilometri a piedi.)

    We walked for six kilometers.

    Volemose bene. (Vogliamoci bene.) ― Let's love each other.

    Se la smezzamo? (Ce la dividiamo?) ― Do you want to split?

    • 1483, Matteo Maria Boiardo, Orlando Innamorato, I, XVIII, lines 37–39:

      Ambo se poseremo in questo prato
      e domatina, come il giorno pare,
      ritornaremo insieme a battagliare.

      We will both lie down in this meadow
      and tomorrow morning, when the day appears,
      together we will go back to fight.

Usage notes

• When si is part of an infinitive, it can be placed before it as a separate word, but more often it is attached to the end. In this case, the final -e of the infinitive is dropped, or, in the case of infinitives ending in -rre, the final -re is dropped. Examples: amar(e) + si = amarsi; ridur(re) + si = ridursi.
• Often translated using the passive voice in English when used as indefinite personal pronoun:

  Si dice che […] ― It is said that […]

• Verb + si is often translated as become or get + [past participle] in English.
• In cases where si (indefinite pronoun) and si (reflexive pronoun) follow each other, the first si is replaced with ci:

  Ci si lava. ― One washes oneself.

  (instead of: *Si si lava.)

• Becomes se when followed by a third-person direct object clitic (lo, la, li, le, or ne).

See also

Italian personal pronouns

			nominative		atonic (clitic)11						tonic12
					accusative / dative-reflexive	accusative	dative		locative	partitive	prepositional-reflexive	oblique
singular
	first		io		mi, m', -mi, me9				―		―	me
	second		tu		ti, t', -ti, te9							te
	second formal / polite5		Lei, Ella8		―	La, -La, L'	Le, -Le					Lei
	third	m	lui, egli,8 ello,8 elli,3, 8 esso8		si,6 s', -si, se,9 ci13	lo, l', -lo, il4	glie9	gli, -gli, il4	ci, c', vi,1 v'1	ne, n'	sé	lui, esso8
		f	lei, ella,8 essa8			la, l', -la		le, -le, gli,2 -gli2				lei, essa8
plural
	first		noi		ci, c', -ci, ce,9 ne,4 n'4				―		―	noi
	second		voi, Voi7		vi, Vi,7 v', V',7 -vi, -Vi,7 ve9							voi, Voi7
	second formal / polite5		Loro		―	Le, -Le	Loro10					Loro
	third	m	loro	elli,3, 8 ellino,4, 8 eglino,4, 8 essi8	si, s', -si, se9	li, -li	loro,10 gli,2 -gli,2 glie9		ci, c', vi,1 v'1	ne, n'	sé	loro	essi8
		f		elle,3, 8 elleno,4, 8 esse8		le, -le							elle,8 esse8

¹ Formal.
² Informal.
³ Archaic.
⁴ Obsolete or literary.
⁵ Grammatically third person forms used semantically in the second person as a formal or polite way of addressing someone (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead.
⁶ Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive.
⁷ Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous).
⁸ Traditional grammars still indicate the forms egli (animate), ello / ella (animate), esso / essa and their plurals as the nominative forms of the third person pronouns; outside of very formal or archaizing contexts, all such forms have been replaced by the obliques lui, lei, loro.
⁹ Forms used when followed by a third-person direct object proclitic (lo, la, li, le, or ne).
¹⁰ Used after verbs.
¹¹ Unstressed forms, stand alone forms are found proclitically (except dative loro / Loro), others enclitically (-mi, -ti, etc.).
¹² Disjunctive, emphatic oblique forms used as direct objects placed after verbs (or before them, chiefly in literary Italian), in exclamations, along prepositions (prepositional) and some adverbs (come, quanto, etc.); also used with a to create alternative emphatic dative forms.
¹³ Only in "ci si", replaces indefinite si (“one”) before reflexive si (“oneself”).

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsi/^°, (traditional) /ˈsi/^*
• Rhymes: -i
• Hyphenation: sì

Noun

si m (invariable)

1. (music) si (musical note B)

Jamaican Creole

Etymology

Derived from English see.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /si/

Verb

si

1. to see

   Mi wuda laik si im tu. ― I'd like to see him too.

Preposition

si

1. (Used with ya) Here is; here are.

   Si Jan ya. ― Here is John.

   Si yu buk-dem ya. ― Here are your books.

Further reading

• si at majstro.com

Japanese

Romanization

si

1. The katakana syllable スィ (si) in Hepburn romanization.

Japhug

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /si/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sij (“to die”). Cognate with Tibetan ཤི (shi), Chinese 死 (OC *hljiʔ).

Verb

si

1. (Kamnyu, intransitive) to die

Etymology 2

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *siŋ ~ *sik (“tree; wood; firewood”). Cognate with Tibetan ཤིང (shing, “tree”), Chinese 薪 (OC *siŋ, “firewood”), Tangut 𗝠 (*sji¹, “tree”).

Noun

si

1. (Kamnyu) tree
2. (Kamnyu) wood

References

• Guillaume Jacques, Argument Demotion in Japhug Rgyalrong (2012)
• Guillaume Jacques (2021), A grammar of Japhug‎^[4], Berlin: Language Science Press, →ISBN

Judeo-Tat

Judeo-Tat numbers ^(edit)

←  20	←  21	30	40  →
		3[a], [b]
Cardinal: si     Ordinal: sijimyn

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *tréyes

Proto-Indo-European *tri-

Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥

Proto-Indo-European *-t

Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥-t

Proto-Indo-European *dḱómth₂

Proto-Indo-European *tridḱómth₂

Proto-Indo-Iranian *triHćát

Proto-Iranian *θriHcátder.

Middle Persian syh

Classical Persian سِی (sī)

Judeo-Tat si

Inherited from Classical Persian سِی (sī).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɪ/

Numeral

si

1. thirty

Coordinate terms

Judeo-Tat cardinal numbers from 0 to 90

	—0	—1	—2	—3	—4	—5	—6	—7	—8	—9
0—	nol	jəki	dy	sə, səsə	cor	pənç	şəş	ħoft	ħəşt	nyh
10—	dəh	jazdəh	dyvazdəh	sizdəh	cordəh	pazdəh	şazdəh	həvdəh	həçdəh	nazdəh
20—	bisd	bisdyəki	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
30—	si	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
40—	cyl	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
50—	pənçoh	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
60—	şast	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
70—	ħofdod	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
80—	ħəşdod	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
90—	navad	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—

References

• Агарунов, Я.; Агарунов, М. (2010), Большой словарь языка горских евреев джуури [Large Dictionary of the Juhuri Language of Mountain Jews]‎^[5] (in Russian), Baku: Абилов, Зейналов и сыновья, page 226
• Нафталиев, М. Н. (2015), “si”, in Е. М. Назарова, editor, Еврейско (джуури)-русский словарь [Juhuri–Russian Dictionary]‎^[6], Moscow: СТМЭГИ, page 443

Kabuverdianu

Etymology 1

Derived from Portuguese se.

Conjunction

si

1. if

Etymology 2

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *sóder.

Proto-Italic *sei

Latin sī

Proto-Indo-European *ḱe

Proto-Italic *ke

Latin -ce

Latin sīce

Latin sīc

Old Galician-Portuguese si

Portuguese nãoinflu.

Portuguese miminflu.

Portuguese simder.

Kabuverdianu si

Derived from Portuguese sim.

Adverb

si

1. yes

Kankanaey

Alternative forms

• sis

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /si/ [si̞]
• (parts of Bauko, Sabangan and Tadian) IPA^(key): /hi/ [hi̞]
• Rhymes: -i
• Syllabification: si

Article

si

1. oblique argument, specifically a common nominal indefinite marker

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms and variants of si
view map; edit data
Group	Province	Municipality	Part of municipality	Barangay	Terms	Words
Northern / Applai	Mountain Province	Sagada	Pidlisan / Dapliyan (north)	Aguid		si
				Pide		si
				Fidelisan		si
				Bangaan		si
				Madungo		si
				Tanulong		si
Southern / Central	Mountain Province	Bauko	Lower Bauko	Bila		hi
				Banao		hi
				Poblacion		hi
				Otucan		hi
		Sabangan	Upper Sabangan	Bun-ayan		hi
				Bao-angan		hi
				Busa		hi
				Camatagan		hi
				Capinitan		hi
				Gayang		hi
				Namatec		hi
				Napua		hi
				Pingad		hi
			Lower Sabangan	Data		si
				Lagan		si
				Losad		si
				Poblacion		si
				Supang		si
				Tambingan		si
		Tadian	Zone 2 / SULUMASIDE	Bantey		hi
				Batayan		hi
				Duagan		hi
				Lubon		hi
				Mabalite		hi
				Masla		hi
				Sumadel		hi
			Zone 3 / Sunny Side	Banaao		ho
				Cadad-anan		ho
				Cagubatan		ho
				Dacudac		ho
				Lenga		ho
				Pandayan		ho

See also

• (oblique arguments) sin, si, sis, ed, en, en da

References

• Janet L. Allen (2014), Kankanaey: A Role and Reference Grammar Analysis‎^[7] (overall work in English), →ISBN, page 128

Khumi Chin

Si.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sʰi˩/

Noun

si

1. wild cow

References

• K. E. Herr (2011), The phonological interpretation of minor syllables, applied to Lemi Chin‎^[8], Payap University, page 50

Koro (India)

Noun

si

1. water

References

• Roger Blench, Mark Post, (De)classifying Arunachal languages: Reconstructing the evidence (2011)

Kosarek Yale

Noun

si

1. tooth

References

• Andrew Pawley et al., "The Trans New Guinea family", in The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide (2018, →ISBN)
• ASJP

Kusaal

Etymology

from French scie (“saw”)

Noun

si

1. saw (tool)

Ladin

Etymology

From Latin sē.

Adjective

si

1. (possessive) his, her, hers, its, their

Ladino

Pronunciation

• Audio (Spain):

  (file)

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Spanish si (“if”).

Conjunction

si (Hebrew spelling סי)

1. if (supposing that)

Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Spanish si (“oneself”).

Pronoun

si (Hebrew spelling סי)

1. oneself; herself; itself; himself; themselves (form of se used after prepositions)

Etymology 3

Inherited from Old Spanish si (“yea”).

Particle

si (Hebrew spelling סי)

1. yes; aye (commonly used to respond affirmatively to a question)

   Antonym: no

Latin

Alternative forms

• sei (standard in Republican spelling)
• se (Merovingian)

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *sei (“so, thus”) used in parataxis, likely via the meaning "in this" as the locative singular of Proto-Indo-European *só (“this, that”); this older meaning is preserved in Latin sīc as well as in the oath sī dīs placet, cf. English so help me God. Related to Old English sē (“he, that”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈsiː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈsiː]

Conjunction

sī

1. if, supposing that

   Sī versūs hōrum duōrum poētārum neglegētis, magnā parte litterārum carēbitis.

   If you neglect the verses of these two poets, you will miss a great part of literature.

   Sī vis pacem, para bellum. ― If you want peace, prepare for war.

2. whether (when a verb of seeing or trying is the main verb in the apodosis; or when sī is used twice correlatively)

   sī... sī ― whether... or

Derived terms

• ac sī (“just as if”)
• nisi (“unless”)
• quasi (“as if, like”)
• sī dīs placet (“expr. of indignant surprise”)
• sī mē amās (“please”)
• sī minus (“if not”)
• sī modo (“provided that”)
• sī nōn (“if not”)
• sī nōndum (“if not yet”)
• sī̆ quandō (“if ever”)
• sī̆ quidem (“if/since indeed”)
• sī quis, sī quid (“if anybody/anything”)
• sī vīs (“if you like”)
• sī vīvō (“as sure as I'm alive”)
• sīc (“so, thus”)
• sīcubi (“if anywhere”)
• sīcunde (“if from anywhere”)
• sīcut (“as”)
• sīn (“if however”)
• sī(n) aliter (“if otherwise”)
• sīs (“if you will”)
• sīve, seu (“disjunctive sī”)
• sōdēs (“if you will”)

Descendants

• Aromanian: si
• Catalan: si
• Franco-Provençal: se
• French: si
• Friulian: se
• Galician: se
• Italian: se
• Occitan: se
• Portuguese: se
  • Guinea-Bissau Creole: si
  • Kabuverdianu: si
  • Papiamentu: si
• Romanian: să
• Romansh: sche
• Sicilian: si
• Spanish: si

Further reading

• si in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• si in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "si", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “si”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• si in Richard Stillwell et al., editor (1976), The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press
• Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

Latvian

Noun

si m (invariable)

1. (music) si

Lolopo

Etymology

From Proto-Loloish *ʃe² (“to die”), from Proto-Lolo-Burmese *səj¹ (“to die”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sij (“to die”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [sz̩³³]

Verb

si

1. (Yao'an) to die

Noun

si

1. (Yao'an) death

References

• Merrifield, Judith; Merrifield, Scott (2018), “Query for si”, in Yao'an Loxrlavu – English Dictionary (in Chinese), SIL International

Louisiana Creole

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /si/
• Rhymes: -i

Etymology 1

Inherited from French si (“if”).

Conjunction

si

1. if

Etymology 2

Inherited from French si (“so”).

Adverb

si

1. so (intensifier)

Etymology 3

Louisiana Creole cardinal numbers

<  5	6	7  >
Cardinal : si

Inherited from French six (“six”).

Numeral

si

1. six

Usage notes

• Precedes consonant-initial words. See usage notes at sis.

Lower Tanana

Alternative forms

• sih (Chena)

Etymology

From Proto-Athabaskan *šiˑ. Cognate with Navajo shí, Ahtna sii.

Pronoun

si

1. first-person singular pronoun; I, me

See also

• es-

Lower Tanana independent pronouns

	singular	plural
1st person	si	denaxwnh, xwnh
2nd person	nenh	nwxwnh, ywxwnh
3rd person human	eyenh, yexwnh	exdenh
Reflexive/emphatic	edenh	exdenh
3rd person non-human	eyi

References

• Kari, James et al. (2024), Kari, James, editor, Lower Tanana Dene Dictionary, Fairbanks, Alaska: Alaska Native Language Center, →ISBN, page 496

Luxembourgish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /zi/

Etymology 1

Pronoun

si

1. third-person feminine singular, nominative: she

   Si ass eng ganz schéi Fra. ― She is a very beautiful woman

2. third-person feminine singular, accusative: her

   Den Hond huet si gebass. ― The dog bit her

3. third-person plural, nominative: they

   Si si ganz schéi Fraen. ― They are very beautiful women.

4. third-person plural, accusative: them

   Den Hond huet si gebass. ― The dog bit them

Usage notes

• The feminine singular is used chiefly with feminine words for things. Female persons are predominantly treated as grammatically neuter, though the feminine is not impossible. See hatt for more.

Declension

Luxembourgish personal pronouns

				nominative		accusative		dative		reflexive
				stressed	unstressed	stressed	unstressed	stressed	unstressed
singular	1st person			ech	—	mech	—	mir	mer	like dat. and acc.
	2nd person	informal		du	de	dech	—	dir	der	like dat. and acc.
		formal		Dir	Der	Iech	Iech [əɕ]	Iech	Iech [əɕ]	Iech
	3rd person		m	hien	en	hien	en	him	em	sech
			f	si	se	si	se	hir	er	sech
			n	hatt	et ('t)	hatt	et ('t)	him	em	sech
plural	1st person			mir	mer	eis (ons)	—	eis (ons)	—	eis (ons)
	2nd person			dir	der	iech	iech [əɕ]	iech	iech [əɕ]	iech
	3rd person			si	se	si	se	hinnen	en	sech

Etymology 2

Verb

si

1. Eifel rule form of sinn

Further reading

• si in the Lëtzebuerger Online Dictionnaire

Macanese

Alternative forms

• se

Etymology

Derived from Portuguese se.

Conjunction

si

1. if (introduces a condition)

   si nunca ― otherwise (literally, “if not”)

   si sâm capaz ― if you are brave / if you dare

   si más pricisâ ― if more is needed

   si já falâ co iou ― if you had told me

   si vosôtro querê vêm ― if you (pl.) want to come

   iou vai olâ si têm ― I'm going to see if there is any

   si têm vagar lôgo vêm ― I'll come if I have time

Derived terms

• nunca-si

References

• https://www.macaneselibrary.org/pub/english/uipatua.htm

Malay

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *si₁. Compare Berik si, Chamorro si, Indonesian si, and Tagalog si.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsi/ [ˈsi]
• Rhymes: -i

Article

si (Jawi spelling سي)

1. the (primarily used with people, rarely necessary)

   Ke mana perginya si budak nakal yang aku jumpa di taman tadi?

   Where has the brat I just met in the park headed to?

2. definite particle used with adjectives to describe people

   si mati ― the dead (person)

   si pengawal buncit ― the fat controller

3. a definite article used in names or nicknames

   Si Polan ― John Doe

4. definite article used before animals

   si arnab ― the bunny

Synonyms

• (honorific) sang

Descendants

• > Indonesian: si (inherited)

Further reading

• "si" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017
  (also see "si" at PRPM first version)|

Mandarin

Romanization

si (si⁵ / si⁰, Zhuyin ˙ㄙ)

1. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 廁 / 厕

si

1. nonstandard spelling of sī
2. nonstandard spelling of sǐ
3. nonstandard spelling of sì

Usage notes

• Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Mauritian Creole

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /si/

Etymology 1

From French si (“if”).

Conjunction

si

1. if

Related terms

• sinon

Etymology 2

From French si (“yes”).

Interjection

si

1. yes (used to contradict a negative statement)

References

• Baker, Philip; Hookoomsing, Vinesh Y. (1987), Diksiyoner kreol morisyeṅ [Mauritian Creole Dictionary] (in French and English), Paris: L'Harmattan, →ISBN, page 294
• Carpooran, Arnaud (2011), Diksioner Morisien [Mauritian Dictionary] (in Mauritian Creole), second edition, Éditions Le Printemps, →ISBN, page 967

Middle Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ziː/

Etymology 1

From Old Dutch sia.

Alternative forms

• sie, soe, so

Pronoun

si

1. she

Inflection

Middle Dutch personal pronouns

			nominative	accusative	dative	genitive
singular	1st person		ic	mi		mijn
	2nd person		du	di		dijn
	3rd person	m	hi	hem, hen		sijn
		f	si	haer		haer
		n	het		hem, hen	sijn
plural	1st person		wi	ons		onse
	2nd person		gi	u		uwe
	3rd person		si	hem, hen		haer

Descendants

• Dutch: zij
  • Afrikaans: sy
• Limburgish: zie

Etymology 2

From Old Dutch sia.

Alternative forms

• sie

Pronoun

si

1. they (all genders)
   • 1249, Schepenbrief van Bochoute, Velzeke, eastern Flanders:

     Si maken bekent die nu sien ende wesen selen

     They make known to those who are now and will be

Inflection

Middle Dutch personal pronouns

			nominative	accusative	dative	genitive
singular	1st person		ic	mi		mijn
	2nd person		du	di		dijn
	3rd person	m	hi	hem, hen		sijn
		f	si	haer		haer
		n	het		hem, hen	sijn
plural	1st person		wi	ons		onse
	2nd person		gi	u		uwe
	3rd person		si	hem, hen		haer

Descendants

• Dutch: zij
• Limburgish: zie

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

si

1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive of wēsen

Further reading

• “si (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• “si (III)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “si (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I

Middle English

Etymology

From Old English sīe, singular subjunctive of wesan, from Proto-Germanic *sijǭ (first person), *sijēs (second person), and *sijē (third person), singular subjunctive forms of *wesaną.

Verb

si

1. (Early Middle English, rare) singular present subjunctive of been

Middle French

Alternative forms

• se

Etymology

From Old French se.

Adverb

si

1. if
2. then (afterwards; following)

Descendants

• French: si

Middle High German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (before 13^th CE) /ˈs̠i/, /ˈs̠iː/

Pronoun

si or sī

1. alternative form of siu
2. alternative form of sie

Middle Low German

Pronunciation

• Possibly: IPA^(key): /siː/
• Certainly: Stem vowel: ê⁴
  • IPA^(key): /siɛ/, /siə/

Pronoun

sî

1. alternative form of sê

Mòcheno

Etymology

From Middle High German si(e), from Old High German siu, from Proto-West Germanic *sī, from Proto-Germanic *sī, nominative singular feminine of *iz. Cognate with German sie.

Pronoun

si

1. she, it

Inflection

Personal pronouns

	singular	plural
1st person	i	biar
2nd person	du	ir
3rd person	er, si, s	sei

References

• “si” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.

Mokilese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsi/

Noun

si

1. ear

Declension

Possessive forms of si (tight inalienable possession, oa/a stem)

singular possessor	first person		sioaioa
	second person		sioamwen
	third person		sioa
dual possessors	first person inclusive		siasa
	first person exclusive		siama
	second person		siamwa
	third person		siara
plural possessors	first person inclusive		siasai
	first person exclusive		siamai
	second person		siamwai
	third person		siarai
remote plural possessors	first person inclusive		siahs
	first person exclusive		siami
	second person		siemwi
	third person		siahr
construct form			sien

Molo

Noun

si

1. water

References

• Marvin Lionel Bender, Topics in Nilo-Saharan linguistics (1989)
• [9]

Nalca

Noun

si

1. tooth
2. name

Norman

Etymology

From Old French si, from Latin si (“if”).

Conjunction

si

1. (Guernsey) if

North Frisian

Alternative forms

• sä (Föhr-Amrum)
• siin (Goesharde)
• siine (Halligen)
• siinj (Mooring)
• se (Sylt)
• säie (Wiedingharde)

Etymology

From Old Frisian siā, from Proto-West Germanic *sehwan, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną (“to see”), from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to see”).

Verb

si

1. (Heligoland) to see

Norwegian Bokmål

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /siː/

Etymology 1

From Old Norse segja, from Proto-Germanic *sagjaną, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to say”). See English say.

Verb

si (imperative si, present tense sier, passive sies, past tense sa, past participle sagt, present participle siende)

1. to say

Derived terms

• avsi
• forutsi
• fremsi
• lettere sagt enn gjort
• selvsagt
• si det med blomster
• siende
• sigende
• sjølsagt
• så å si

See also

• seie, seia (Nynorsk)

Etymology 2

Determiner

si

1. feminine singular of sin

See also

Norwegian Bokmål personal pronouns

Number	Person	Type	Nominative	Oblique	Possessive
					masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
Singular	First	–	jeg	meg	min	mi	mitt	mine
	Second	general	du	deg	din	di	ditt	dine
		formal (rare)	De	Dem	Deres
	Third	masculine (person)	han	ham / han	hans
		feminine (person)	hun	henne	hennes
		masculine (noun)	den		dens
		feminine (noun)
		neuter (noun)	det		dets
		reflexive	–	seg	sin	si	sitt	sine
Plural	First	–	vi	oss	vår		vårt	våre
	Second	general	dere		deres
		formal (very rare)	De	Dem	Deres
	Third	general	de	dem	deres
		reflexive	–	seg	sin	si	sitt	sine

Etymology 3

See the main entry.

Noun

si (uncountable)

1. alternative form of side; only used in på si

Etymology 4

Noun

si (uncountable)

1. (music) si (seventh note of a major scale)

References

• “si” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “si” in The Ordnett Dictionary

Anagrams

• -is, is

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

Determiner

si f

1. feminine singular of sin

Etymology 2

Acronym of Latin Sancte Ioannes, the phrase ending the hymn Ut queant laxis from earlier words of which the other notes of solfège were derived. A younger alteration, ti, allows for every note of the solfège to begin with a different letter.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /siː/
• Homophone: sid

Noun

si m (definite singular si-en, indefinite plural si-ar, definite plural si-ane)

2. (music) si, a syllable used in seventh note of a major scale

Coordinate terms

• (scale of solfège): do, re, mi, fa, so (or sol), la, ti (or si), do

Etymology 3

Akin to the first part of Old Norse síþráðr.

Noun

si n (definite singular siet, uncountable)

1. (collective, nautical, dated) tatters of rope used to stop leakage

Etymology 4

Doublet of side.

Noun

si ?

1. Used only idiomatically in the prepositional phrase på si.

Etymology 5

Clipping of sidan.

Adverb

si

1. (dialectal) since
2. (dialectal) ago
3. (dialectal) because, for

References

• “si” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Anagrams

• IS, is, SI, si-

Old English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /siː/
• Rhymes: -iː

Verb

sī

1. alternative form of sīe

Old French

Alternative forms

• se
• s' (before a vowel)

Etymology 1

From Latin sic.

Adverb

si

1. so; thus; in such a way
   • c. 1180, Chrétien de Troyes, Lancelot ou le Chevalier de la charrette:

     Si li a dit eneslepas

     So he said to him quickly

Descendants

• French: si
• Norman: si

Etymology 2

See se.

Conjunction

si

1. alternative form of se (if)

Old Galician-Portuguese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsi/

Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin sibi. Cognate with Old French sei and Old Spanish si.

Pronoun

si

1. oneself; herself; itself; himself; themselves (form of se used after prepositions)

Etymology 2

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *sóder.

Proto-Italic *sei

Latin sī

Proto-Indo-European *ḱe

Proto-Italic *ke

Latin -ce

Latin sīce

Latin sīc

Old Galician-Portuguese si

Inherited from Latin sīc (“thus; so”).

Particle

si

1. yes (affirmatively)

   Antonym: non

   • a. 1284, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Códice de los músicos, cantiga 84 (facsimile):

     ſi ou non

     yes or no

Descendants

• Fala: sí
• Galician: si
• Portuguese: sim

Old High German

Verb

sī

1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive of wesan

Old Irish

Pronoun

si

1. alternative spelling of sí (“she”)
2. alternative spelling of síi

Old Saxon

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /si/

Article

si

1. feminine nominative singular of sē

Declension

Declension of si

	singular			plural
	masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative	sē	that	si, sia	thē, thie
accusative	than, then	that	thē, thie	thē, thie
genitive	thēs	thēs	thēra	thēra
dative	thēm	thēm	thēra	thēm
instrumental	thiu, thia, thuo, thuru		—

Old Spanish

Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin si (“if”).

Conjunction

si

1. if (supposing that)

Etymology 2

Inherited from Latin sibi, from Proto-Indo-European *sébʰye, dative of *swé (“self”). Cognate with Old French sei and Old Galician-Portuguese si.

Pronoun

si

1. oneself; herself; itself; himself; themselves (form of se used after prepositions)

Etymology 3

Inherited from Latin sīc (est) (“thus”).

Particle

si

1. yea; aye; yes (commonly used to respond affirmatively to a question)

   Antonym: no

Descendants

• Ladino: si, סי
• Spanish: si

References

• Ralph Steele Boggs et al. (1946), “si”, in Tentative Dictionary of Medieval Spanish, volume II, Chapel Hill, page 469

Oromo

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsɪ/

• Syllables - si, Count - 1

  • Audio:

    (file)

Pronoun

si

1. you; the second-person singular object pronoun.

   ani si arge.

   I saw you.

Related terms

• sii
• siif

See also

Oromo personal pronouns

			direct object	subject	indirect object
1st person	singular		ana	ani	anaa
	plural		nu	nuyi	nuu
2nd person	singular		si	ati	sii
	plural		isin	isin	isinii
3rd person	singular	m	isa	inni	isaa
		f	ishee	isheen	ishee dhaa
	plural		isaan	isaan	isaanii

Pali

Etymology 1

Inherited from Sanskrit शी (śī).

Root

si

1. to lie down

Derived terms

Verbs

• sayati
• sayāpeti
• seti

Etymology 2

Inherited from Sanskrit श्रि (śri).

Root

si

1. to rest on

Usage notes

The initial consonant tends to geminate after prefixes.

Derived terms

Verbs

• nissayati

Non-present participles, gerundives, absolutives and infinitives

• nissāya
• sita

Nouns

• nissaya

Etymology 3

Inherited from Sanskrit सि (si).

Root

si

1. to bind

Derived terms

Pali terms belonging to the root si (bind) (0 c, 3 e)

Papiamentu

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *sóder.

Proto-Italic *sei

Latin si

Spanish sider.

Portuguese seder.

Kabuverdianu sider.

Papiamentu si

Derived from Spanish si, Portuguese se, and Kabuverdianu si.

Conjunction

si

1. if
2. when

Etymology 2

Etymology tree

Spanish síder.

Proto-Indo-European *sóder.

Proto-Italic *sei

Latin sī

Proto-Indo-European *ḱe

Proto-Italic *ke

Latin -ce

Latin sīce

Latin sīc

Old Galician-Portuguese si

Portuguese nãoinflu.

Portuguese miminflu.

Portuguese simder.

Kabuverdianu sider.

Papiamentu si

Derived from Spanish sí, Portuguese sim, and Kabuverdianu si.

Adverb

si

1. yes

Phrygian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱís.

Pronoun

si (nominative or accusative singular neuter)

1. this

Declension

Old Phrygian:

• sin (acc. sg. m.)

New Phrygian:

• σαν (san, acc. sg. f.)
• σεμουν (semoun, dat. sg. m./n.)
• σως (sōs, dat. pl. m.)

Further reading

• Obrador-Cursach, Bartomeu (2020), The Phrygian Language (Handbook of Oriental Studies)‎^[10], volume 139, Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, pages 343-344
• Šorgo, Aljoša (2026), A historical grammar of Phrygian (PhD thesis)‎^[11], Leiden: Leiden University, →DOI, pages 335-352

Polish

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Italian sì.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsi/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -i
• Syllabification: si

Noun

si n (indeclinable)

2. (music) si (seventh note of a major scale)

Etymology 2

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ḱe

Proto-Indo-European *ís

Proto-Indo-European *ḱís

Proto-Balto-Slavic *śís

Proto-Slavic *sь

Old Polish si

Polish si

Inherited from Old Polish si, from Proto-Slavic *sь.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɕi/
• Rhymes: -i
• Syllabification: si

Pronoun

si

2. (obsolete except in set phrases) this

Declension

This adjective needs an inflection-table template.

Further reading

• “si I (rzeczownik)”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎^[12] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• “si II (przymiotnik)”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎^[13] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• “si”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎^[14] (in Polish)
• “SI”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], (Can we date this quote?)
• Samuel Bogumił Linde (1812), “si”, in Słownik języka polskiego, volume 3, page 222
• Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “si”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861, volume II, page 1473
• J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1915), “si”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 6, Warsaw, page 85
• Zygmunt Saloni, et al., editors (2020), “si nazwa dźwięku; nuta”, in Słownik gramatyczny języka polskiego [Grammatical Dictionary of Polish]‎^[15], 4. online edition, Warszawa
• Zygmunt Saloni, et al., editors (2020), “si ów, ten, tamten”, in Słownik gramatyczny języka polskiego [Grammatical Dictionary of Polish]‎^[16], 4. online edition, Warszawa
• S. Urbańczyk, editor (1978), “si”, in Słownik staropolski (in Polish), volume 8, Wrocław, Warsaw, Kraków, Gdańsk: Polish Academy of Sciences, page 159

Portuguese

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈsi/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈsi/

• Audio (Portugal (Porto)):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -i
• Hyphenation: si

Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese si, from Latin sibi, from Proto-Indo-European *sébʰye, dative of *swé (“self”). Cognate with French soi, Italian sé, Spanish sí.

Alternative forms

• sy (obsolete)

Pronoun

si (reflexive)

1. (following a preposition) oneself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, yourselves, themselves

See also

Portuguese personal pronouns

number	person		nominative (subject)	accusative (direct object)	dative (indirect object)	prepositional	prepositional with com	non-declining
singular	1st		eu	me		mim	comigo	—
	2nd		tu	te		ti	contigo	você o senhor m a senhora f
	3rd	m	ele	o (lo, no)	lhe	ele	com ele	o mesmo
		f	ela	a (la, na)		ela	com ela	a mesma
plural	1st		nós	nos		nós	connosco (Portugal) conosco (Brazil)	a gente
	2nd		vós	vos		vós	convosco com vós	vocês os senhores m as senhoras f
	3rd	m	eles	os (los, nos)	lhes	eles	com eles	os mesmos
		f	elas	as (las, nas)		elas	com elas	as mesmas
reflexive 3rd / indefinite			—	se		si	consigo	o mesmo etc. (reflexive)

Etymology 2

From Latin Sancte Iohannes (“Saint John”) in the hymn for St. John the Baptist.

Noun

si m (plural sis)

1. si (musical note)

Coordinate terms

• (C major scale) escala de dó maior; dó, ré, mi, fá, sol, lá, si

Etymology 3

Conjunction

si

1. eye dialect spelling of se, representing Brazil Portuguese

Etymology 4

Possibly borrowed from Spanish sí or a clipping of sim.

Interjection

si

1. (Rio Grande do Sul, informal, Internet slang) yes (affirmative answer)

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:sim

Further reading

• “si”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “si”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Quapaw

Etymology

Cognate with Assiniboine sihá, Dakota sihá, Lakota sí, Omaha-Ponca si, Hidatsa icí, Crow iché.

Noun

si

1. foot

References

• Quapaw Tribe of Oklahoma (2017–), English to Quapaw Dictionary‎^[17]

Further reading

• Rankin, Robert L. (1982), “A Quapaw Vocabulary”, in Kansas Working Papers in Linguistics‎^[18], volume 7, The University of Kansas, page 136 of 125–152

Romagnol

Pronunciation

• (Central Romagnol) IPA^(key): [ˈsiː]
  • (Ville Unite):

Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin sĕx (“six”).

Numeral

si m

1. six

   Uj vö si dè. ― It takes six days.

Etymology 2

From the initial letters of Sancte + Iohannes, of the seventh verse of the hymn Ut queant laxis.

Noun

si m (plural si)

1. Si (musical note)

Etymology 3

Inherited from Latin sēbum (“tallow”).

Noun

si m (plural si)

1. tallow

References

Masotti, Adelmo (1996), Vocabolario Romagnolo Italiano [Romagnol-Italian dictionary] (in Italian), Bologna: Zanichelli, pages 584, 585

Romani

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

si

1. to be
2. there be
3. Used before an accusative personal pronoun to indicate possession.

   Si la kale bala. ― She has black hair.

Usage notes

• The personal pronoun is often omitted when si is used to mean "to be".
• When a noun indicates the possessor, si follows the accusative case of the noun.

Conjugation

Conjugation of si

		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative	present	sem	san	si	sam	sen	si
	perfect	semas	sanas	sas	samas	senas	sas
	future	avava	avesa	avela	avasa	avena	avena
	imperfect	semas	sanas	sasas	samas	senas	sasas (sinesas)
	past perfect	avilemas	avilǎnas	avilǎsas	avilǎmas	avilenas	avilenas
infinitive		te avav / te ovav	te aves / te oves	te avel / te ovel	te avas / te ovas	te aven / te oven	te aven / te oven
subjunctive	present	avavas	avesas	avelas	avasas	avenas	avenas
	past	avilemas	avilǎnas	avilǎsas	avilǎmas	avilenas	avilenas
imperative		—	av (ov)	—	—	aven (oven)	—

Derived terms

• si te

References

• Yūsuke Sumi (2018), ニューエクスプレスプラス　ロマ（ジプシー）語 [New Express Plus Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, published 2021, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 71

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from Italian si.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /si/

Noun

si m (plural si)

1. (music) si (musical note B)

Declension

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	si	siul	si	sii
genitive-dative	si	siului	si	silor
vocative	siule		silor

Romansh

Alternative forms

• (Sutsilvan, Surmiran) sen, se
• (Puter, Vallader) sü

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin, Late Latin root sūsum, from Latin sūrsum.

Adverb

si

1. (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan) up, upward, upwards

Sassarese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /si/

Etymology 1

From Latin se (“him-, her-, it-, themselves”, reflexive third-person pronoun). Cognate with Italian si, Portuguese si and se.

Alternative forms

• s' (apocopic)
• -ssi (enclitic)

Pronoun

si

1. (reflexive pronoun) oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves

   La camìsgia si la pònini li manni ― Adults wear shirts (literally, “The adults put the shirt on themselves”)

2. (reciprocal pronoun) each other, one another

   Eddi s'àmani ― They love each other

3. (indefinite) one, you, we, they, people

   Lu zipressu si dizi "àiburu di campusantu" ― The cypress is called "graveyard tree"

Related terms

• sóiu

Etymology 2

From Latin sī, from Proto-Italic *sei (“so, thus”) used in parataxis, likely via the meaning "in this" as the locative singular of Proto-Indo-European *só (“this, that”).

Conjunction

si

1. if

   Si lu sai, dìmmiru! ― If you know, tell me! (literally, “If you know it, tell it to me!”)

References

• Rubattu, Antoninu (2006), Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes

Savi

Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit सेतु (setu).

Noun

si

1. bridge

References

• Knobloch, Nina (2020), A grammar sketch of Sauji: An Indo-Aryan language of Afghanistan‎^[19], Stockholm: Stockholm University

Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /si/

Pronoun

si ? (Cyrillic spelling си)

1. (reflexive) Replaces the dative of a personal pronoun when the subject is of the same person as the dative object; to oneself (clitic dative singular of sȅbe (“oneself”))
   1. to myself
   2. to yourself
   3. to himself, herself, itself
   4. to ourselves
   5. to yourselves
   6. to themselves
2. (reflexive, emphatic, possessive, dative) one's, of oneself (clitic dative singular of sebe (“one”))

   Kako li je samo zaboravio gdje si je parkirao auto?

   Just how did he forget where he parked his car?

Declension

Declension of si

	singular	plural
nominative	—	—
genitive	sȅbe, se	sȅbe
dative	sȅbi, si	sȅbi
accusative	sȅbe, se	sȅbe
vocative	—	—
locative	sȅbi	sȅbi
instrumental	sȍbōm	sȍbom

Verb

si (Cyrillic spelling си)

1. second-person singular present of bȉti

Usage notes

Sense 2 is limited to most Croatian dialects and the Torlakian/Prizren-Timok dialect. The Serbian and Bosnian standards discourage the usage of si as an empathic clitic and instead rely purely on sentence intonation.

Slovak

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *esi.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /si/, [si]
• Rhymes: -i

Verb

si

1. second-person singular present of byť: (you) are, (thou) art

Pronoun

si

1. dative of seba

   Kupujem si topánky. ― I am buying me shoes.

   Komu kupuješ topánky? Sebe. ― Whom are you buying shoes for? Myself.

Further reading

• “si”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2026

Slovene

Pronunciation 1

• IPA^(key): /sí/

Verb

sȉ

1. second-person singular present of bíti

Pronunciation 2

• IPA^(key): /si/

Pronoun

si

1. dative singular of sébe

Spanish

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *sóder.

Proto-Italic *sei

Latin si

Spanish si

Inherited from Latin si (“if”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /si/ [si]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -i
• Syllabification: si
• Homophone: sí

Conjunction

si

1. if, whether
   • 2025 July 4, Allison Morrow, “Por qué la Cybertruck de Tesla ha sido un fracaso total”, in CNN en Español‎^[20]:

     Se podría estimar, entonces, que Tesla probablemente vendió entre 5.000 y 6.000 Cybertrucks en el segundo trimestre si las tendencias de consumo se mantuvieron estables.

     It could be estimated, then, that Tesla probably sold between 5,000 and 6,000 Cybertrucks in the second quarter if consumer trends remained stable.

2. (often after pero) points out something obvious, usually not translated
   • 2026 December 24, u/bimbochungo, r/spain‎^[21] (Reddit post):

     Normal, si tener hijos es caro y los salarios son una basura. Y los horarios no ayudan...

     Well duh, having kids is expensive and wages are garbage. And the work hours don't help...

     Replying to a post titled "Spain runs out of children: there are 80,000 fewer than in 2023".

Derived terms

• apenas si
• como si
• cual si
• por si
• que si
• si bien
• si Dios lo quiere
• si eso
• si la mirada matara
• si lo sabré yo
• si mal no recuerdo
• si me apuras
• si no
• si no quieres caldo, taza y media
• si que
• si quisiera Dios
• si tan siquiera
• si y solo si
• si ya

See also

• sí

Further reading

• “si”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025

Sranan Tongo

Alternative forms

• syi

Etymology

From English see or Dutch zien, both from Proto-West Germanic *sehwan.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /si/

Verb

si

1. to see
   • 1975, “Basya Adyuku koni”, in Ursy M. Lichtveld, Jan Voorhoeve, editors, Creole drum. An Anthology of Creole Literature in Surinam‎^[22], New Haven, London: Yale University Press, →ISBN, page 86:

     A krabdagu taki: - Angri e kiri mi ba. A di mi si yu e nyan, ne mi kon.

     The crab-eating raccoon said: 'I'm starving, brother. When I saw that you're eating, I came over immediately.

   • 1985, “Mi Dren (I Shall Be Released)”, in Anne-Marie Hunsel (lyrics), Bob Dylan (music), Mi Dren (I Shall Be Released)‎^[23], performed by Anne-Marie Hunsel:

     Ini mi dren mi ben si / fa Srananman ben makandra / Ala buba ben kon na wan / Ke Masra, mi winsi a ben de tru

     In my dream, I saw / how the Surinamese were getting along / All races had united / Oh Lord, I wish it were true

   • 1991, Ronald L. Pinas, Sranan kloroeboekoe [Surinamese colouring book]‎^[24], Paramaribo: Instituut voor Taalwetenschap (SIL), page 58:

     Nanka nanga Joeria gwe go onti ini a boesi. Den wani njan legwana meti tide. Den si wan kapelka, wan loiri nanga wan toekanfowroe. Joe kan jepi den foe feni wan legwana?

     [Nanka nanga Yuria gwe go onti ini a busi. Den wani nyan legwanameti tide. Den si wan kapelka, wan loiri nanga wan tukanfowru. Yu kan yepi den fu feni wan legwana?]

     Nanka and Yuria left to go hunting in the jungle. They want to eat iguana meat today. They see a butterfly, a sloth, and a toucan. Can you help them to find an iguana?

Descendants

• Aukan: si
• Saramaccan: si

Sumerian

Romanization

si

1. romanization of 𒋛

Swahili

Pronunciation

• (Unguja standard) IPA^(key): /si/

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Verb

si

1. negative present (all persons, numbers, and classes) of -wa (“to not be”)

Verb

Other scripts
Ajami	ـسِ

-si

1. negative relative stem of -wa, -wapo, -wako, or -wamo

   mtu asiye na maarifa ― a person without knowledge

Tagalog

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /si/ [sɪ]
• Rhymes: -i
• Syllabification: si

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *si. Compare Central Bikol si, Cebuano si, Gorontalo ti, Hiligaynon si, Ilocano si, Kapampangan i, Pangasinan si, Tausug hi, and Waray-Waray si.

Article

si (plural sina, Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒ)

1. direct marker placed before names or terms of address of people

   Tumakbo si Juan. ― Juan ran.

   Dinala nila si Tatay sa ospital. ― They brought Father to the hospital.

2. direct marker placed before an adjective used to refer to a person with those distinct characteristics

   Nandiyan na si taba. ― Fatso is there.

Alternative forms

• c — text messaging
• çi — obsolete

See also

Tagalog markers

		pivot1 (ang)	non-pivot1
			core (ng)	oblique (sa)
common	singular	ang	ng	sa
	plural	ang mga	ng mga	sa mga
personal	singular	si	ni	kay
	plural / polite	sina	nina	kina

¹ Also known as the direct or focus.

Etymology 2

Borrowed from English cee, the English name of the letter C / c.

Noun

si (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒ)

1. the name of the Latin script letter C/c, in the Filipino alphabet

   Synonym: (in the Abecedario) ce

See also

• (Latin-script letter names) titik; ey, bi, si, di, i, ef, dyi, eyts, ay, dyey, key, el, em, en, enye, en dyi, o, pi, kyu, ar, es, ti, yu, vi, dobolyu, eks, way, zi

Further reading

• “si”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, 2018

Ternate

Adverb

si

1. first, firstly

References

• Rika Hayami-Allen (2001). A Descriptive Study of the Language of Ternate, the Northern Moluccas, Indonesia. University of Pittsburgh.

Tok Pisin

Etymology

From English sea.

Noun

si

1. sea
2. waves; breakers; swells

Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Italian si.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsi/, [ˈs̪ɪ]
• Rhymes: -i

Noun

si (definite accusative siyi, plural siler)

1. (music) si (musical note B)

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [si˧˧]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [ʂɪj˧˧] ~ [sɪj˧˧]
• (Saigon) IPA^(key): [ʂɪj˧˧] ~ [sɪj˧˧]

Etymology 1

From Proto-Vietic *ɟ-riː, from Proto-Austroasiatic *ɟriːʔ (“banyan, ficus”). Cognate with Bahnar jri, Khmer ជ្រៃ (crɨy), Khasi jri, Old Mon jrey.

Noun

si • (󰊮) (classifier cây, quả, trái)

1. certain plants of the Mallotus and Ficus genera

   Synonym: gừa

Etymology 2

From French si.

Noun

si (classifier nốt)

1. (music) si, B

Etymology 3

Romanization

si

1. Sino-Vietnamese reading of 愚

Derived terms

• cuồng si
• ngu si
• sân si
• si mê
• si tình

Volapük

Interjection

si

1. yes
   • 1932, Arie de Jong, Leerboek der Wereldtaal, page 19:

     Cils äbinons-li i pö zäl et? Si! elogob us tumis.

     Were there children at that party as well? Yes, I've seen hundreds of them there.

Waigali

Etymology

Borrowed from a descendant of Sanskrit सिंह (siṃhá).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsi/

Noun

si (Nisheigram)

1. lion

Walloon

Etymology

From Old French, from Latin si (“if”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /si/

Conjunction

si

1. if

Welsh

Alternative forms

• su

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /siː/
• Rhymes: -iː
• Hyphenation: si

Noun

si m (plural sïon, not mutable)

1. murmur, hum
2. rumour

Derived terms

• sïedn, aderyn y si, aderyn bach y si (“hummingbird”)

Related terms

• sïo (“to murmur, to hum”)
• sïol (“murmuring, hissing”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of si

radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
si	unchanged	unchanged	unchanged

Further reading

• D. G. Lewis, N. Lewis, editors (2005–present), “si”, in Gweiadur: the Welsh–English Dictionary, Gwerin
• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “si”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

Yoruba

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sí/

Noun

sí

1. The name of the Latin script letter S/s.

See also

• (Latin-script letter names) lẹ́tà; á, bí, dí, é, ẹ́, fí, gí, gbì, hí, í, jí, kí, lí, mí, ní, ó, ọ́, pí, rí, sí, ṣí, tí, ú, wí, yí

Etymology 2

Preposition

sí

1. to, at, toward (used when movement is implied)

See also

• ní

Etymology 3

Compare with Itsekiri sín

Verb

sí

1. (intransitive) to be far, to be distant

Etymology 4

Verb

sí

1. (intransitive) Negative form of wà

Etymology 5

Conjunction

sì

1. and

Usage notes

Sì is solely used to join verbs/sentences and not nouns, for which àti is used. Additionally, when sì is used, the subject of each verb must be specified.

1. Mo jó, mo kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́, mo sì kọ lẹ́tà. – I danced, studied, and wrote a letter.
2. Wọn kò fẹ́ ṣiṣẹ́, wọn kò sì fẹ́ ṣeré. – They don't want to work or play.

Zhuang

Etymology

From Chinese 市 (shì).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Zhuang) IPA^(key): /θi˧˥/ (new Mandarin borrowing)
• Tone numbers: si⁵
• Hyphenation: si

Noun

si (1957–1982 spelling si)

1. city

   Nanzningz Si ― Nanning City

Zou

Etymology 1

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *thii, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *swiʔ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [sí]
• Hyphenation: si

Noun

sí

1. blood

Etymology 2

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *thii, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sij.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [sīː]
• Hyphenation: si

Verb

sî (stem II [please provide])

1. (intransitive) to die

References

• Philip Thangliènmâng (2010), Minimal dictionary and Self-tutor Functional Grammar in Zo-English-Hindi, New Delhi: Zoculsin, →ISBN, pages 22, 92
• Lukram Himmat Singh (2013), A Descriptive Grammar of Zou (PhD thesis), Canchipur: Manipur University, pages 40, 47