ne

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ne"

Languages (95)

Translingual • English

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Page categories

Translingual

Etymology

Clipping of English Nepali or Nepali नेपाली (nepālī).

Symbol

ne

1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Nepali.

See also

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Nepali terms

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nə/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

Etymology 1

From Middle English ne, from Old English ne, from Proto-West Germanic *ne, from Proto-Germanic *ne, from Proto-Indo-European *né.

Cognates include Gothic 𐌽𐌹 (ni), Latin nē, Sanskrit न (na), Bulgarian, Serbo-Croatian and Russian не (ne), Lithuanian ne, Irish ní.

Adverb

ne (not comparable)

1. (obsolete or deliberately archaic) Not.
   • c. 1500, Melusine (translation):

     For she ne dare doo, but to commande.

   • 1512, Robert Copland, The History of Helyas, Knight of The Swan‎^[4]:

     And whan the good quene herde these pyteous tydynges lytel lacked that the ne dyed for sorowe / wherfore all lamentably the began to complayne her sayenge.

   • c. 1520, Andria by Terence (translation):

     This shold haue bene his skuce at the lest / And it ne had bene but good & honest.

   • c. 1520, Andria by Terence (translation):

     O so incessaunt thow ad in thy desyre / For so that thow thy mynde now mayst haue / Thow ne caryst what thow dost requyre.

   • 1550, The Mirror for Magistrates:

     For he ne had, nor could increase his line.

   • 1562, Arthur Brooke, The Tragical History of Romeus and Juliet:

     In geving me to him whom I ne can, ne may, ne ought to love.

   • 1576, William Lambarde, A perambulation of Kent‎^[5]:

     Mary (quoth the king) so might me mine, ne haddest thou been Earle Godwine: casting in his dish the murder of his brother Alfred, which was done to death at Elie by the Counsell of Godwine.

   • 1579, Immeritô [pseudonym; Edmund Spenser], The Shepheardes Calender: […], London: […] Hugh Singleton, […], →OCLC:

     Ne durst again his fieri face out-show.

   • 1587, George Gascoigne, Francis Kinwelmershe, Jocasta:

     Ioc: How can that be and thou my ioy in warre? Po: Henceforth n'am I your ioy ne yet your sonne.

   • c. 1590, William Fowler, The Works of William Fowler‎^[6]:

     What happs might chance me I ne knewe.

   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “(please specify the book)”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

     His forces faile, ne can no lenger fight.

   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “(please specify the book)”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

     As when a ship, that flyes faire vnder saile, / An hidden rocke escaped hath vnwares, / That lay in waite her wrack for to bewaile, / The Marriner yet halfe amazed stares / At perill past, and yet it doubt ne dares / To ioy at his foole-happie ouersight.

   • 1591, John Phillip, A Commemoration on the Life and Death of the Right Honourable, Sir Christopher Hatton:

     And now sweete death most welcome vnto mee, thy stroakes ne can, ne shall me once dismay.

   • 1592, Robert Greene, A Looking Glass for London:

     And twenty thousand infants that ne wot the right hand from the left.

   • 1607, Thomas Walkington, The Optick Glasse of Humors‎^[7]:

     But when he spoke, his plenteous words did flow / Like to thick-falling flakes of winter snow, / Ne any couth his wit so hiely straine.

   • 1614, John Davies of Hereford, Eclogue Between Young Willy the SInger of His Native Pastorals, and Old Wernocke His Friend‎^[8]:

     Now, siker ( Wernocke ) thou hast split the marke / Albe that I ne wot I han mis-song: / But, for I am so yong, I dread my warke / Woll be misualued both of old and yong.

   • 1812, Lord Byron, Childe Harold's Pilgrimage, Canto I, 2:

     Whilom in Albion's isle there dwelt a youth, / Who ne in virtue's ways did take delight [...].

   • 1828, Thomas Keightley, The Fairy Mythology, volume II, London: William Harrison Ainsworth, page 212:

     She entereth with mickle teen;
     Within it light ne found she none;
     Thorow it still she goeth on,
     Until she from the hill issued
     In a fair meadow, rich and good.

   • 2019, James Meek, To Calais, In Ordinary Time:

     "God's nails, I ne knew her. I went to another stead in the yard to be further from her cries."

Conjunction

ne

1. (obsolete) Nor.
   • 1484, Original Letters, King Edward the Fifth, under the direction of his Uncle, to Otes Gilbert, Esq., commanding him to receive Knighthood at the expected Coronation‎^[9]:

     That than I shall not geve therunto faith ne credence, nor therfore put them to any maner ponyssement, before that they or any of them so accused may be at their lawful defence and answer.

   • 1489, The gouernayle of helthe‎^[10]:

     And therin is no drede nor bytternes ne expences, but therin is pure recreacyon of body and of soule soo it be donn in clene places.

   • 1489, The gouernayle of helthe‎^[11]:

     Be not to hasty ne sodenly vengeable, to poure folke doo no vyolence.

   • 1489, The gouernayle of helthe‎^[12]:

     Moreouer no man be so hardy to drynk fastyng cold water, ne after that he hath accompanyed wyth a woman, ne after gret trauayle, ne after exersice tyll he haue fyrst rested hym, ne by nyght namely yf he haue do gloue tofore.

   • 1500, The Example of Euyll Tongues:

     A false tonge wyll euer Imagyne and saye / That neuer by creature was sayd ne thought.

   • 1509, Wynkyn de Worde, The fyftene joyes of maryage‎^[13]:

     For chastyce can he not by daye ne nyght his wyfe but by his betynge maketh lyght and hote the loue bytwene her and her frende.

   • 1511, The Records of the City of Norwich‎^[14]:

     Item, that noo woman nor maide weyve any worsted stamynges ne sayes for that that thei be nott of sufficient powre to werke the said worsteddes as thei owte to be wrought, upon payne of iij s iiij d as often as thei be founde wevyng to be devyded and leuyed in maner and forme aboue expressed.

   • 1520, Richard Pynson, The Lyfe of The Blessed Martyr Saynte Thomas‎^[15]:

     That they shulde no lenger kepe ne susteyne Thomas the archebysshope.

   • 1526, The Grete Herball‎^[16]:

     The rote ought to be gadered in the begynnynge of somer and dryed in the sonne bycause [tha]¬t it corrupt ne rotte bycause of the moystnesse[,] & it may be kept two yeres;

   • 1535, Thomas Elyot, The Education or Bringing up of Children:

     For lyinge is a detestable vice, and to be hated of all men, ne to be suffred amonge seruantis ne other persones[,] howe poure estate so euer they be of.

   • 1542, Nicholas Udall, Apophthegms (translation):

     Thus some persones beeyng inuited and exhorted to falle to the studie of lettres, make their excuse that thei bee sickely, that thei can not slepe ne take their naturall reste in the nightes.

   • 1558, Thomas Phaer, The Aeneid (translation):

     We Moores be not so base of wit, ne yet so blunt of mynd.

   • c. 1560, Edward Gosynhill, The Schoolhouse of Women‎^[17]:

     The deuyll gossyp, ought me a shame / And prayde I am nowe, euerye penye I wolde god he had, be blinde and lame / The daye and houre, he fyrste woed me / Ware not gossyp, these chyldren thre I wolde not tary, ye may be sure / Longer with hym, daye ne houre.

   • 1562, Arthur Brooke, The Tragical History of Romeus and Juliet:

     Neither extremitie, ne gentle meanes could boote; she hydeth close within her brest, her secret sorowes roote.

   • 1562, Arthur Brooke, The Tragical History of Romeus and Juliet:

     Ne on her teares or plaint, at all to have remorse, but (if they can not with her will,) to bring the mayde perforce.

   • 1570, John Thynne, The Debate betweene Pride and Lowlines‎^[18]:

     His hart encreaseth not thereby ne lesseth as edoon these fooles.

   • 1577, The Hereford Municipal Manuscript‎^[19]:

     And that no victualer ne other person or persons forestall any kynde of victualls cominge to the said Cyty or within the precyncte of the same before the same victualls be come to the place.

   • 1587, George Gascoigne, Francis Kinwelmershe, Jocasta:

     Ioc: How can that be and thou my ioy in warre? Po: Henceforth n'am I your ioy ne yet your sonne.

   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto I”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

     But to her cry they list not lenden eare, / Ne ought the more their mightie strokes surceasse.

   • 1634, W. Lathum, (Please provide the book title or journal name):

     Whose worth all outward is in shew alone / But inward sent hath not, ne vertue none.

   • 1798, Samuel Coleridge, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, ll. 443-6:

     The pang, the curse, with which they died, / Had never pass'd away; / I could not draw my een from theirs / Ne turn them up to pray.

Usage notes

• Ne survives only as part of the oral tradition in rural Scotland and Northern England. It is almost never used in common speech.

Related terms

• naught
• ne exeat
• nill
• none

Etymology 2

From Māori nē.

Adverb

ne (not comparable)

1. (New Zealand) "Isn't that so?" (used in representations of Maori English). [from 19th c.]
   • 1983, Keri Hulme, The Bone People, Penguin, published 1986, page 6:

     Then, he had only chuckled again and said, “Well, we got him on the way, ne?”

Anagrams

• -en, en-, en, EN, En

Abinomn

Noun

ne (dual nerom, plural nekon)

1. arrow (projectile)

Afar

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈne/ [ˈnɛ]
• Hyphenation: ne

Pronoun

né

1. we, us

Usage notes

• The form née is used when the pronoun isn't followed by a clitic.

See also

Afar personal pronouns

		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
				m	f
subject	singular	anú	atú	úsuk	ís
	plural	nanú	isín	úsun
object	singular	yó	kó	ká	tét
	plural	né	sín	kén

References

• E. M. Parker; R. J. Hayward (1985), “ne”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN

Ahtna

Postposition

ne

1. second-person singular form of -e

Ainu

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /né/

Verb

ne (Kana spelling ネ)

1. (intransitive, copulative) to be, become

   Ainu ne ruwe ne.

   He is an Ainu.

Conjugation

Conjugation of ne (intransitive, 1-slot)

	singular	plural
1st-person	k(u)=ne	ne=as
2nd-person	e=ne	eci=ne
3rd-person	ne	ne
4th-person	ne=an	ne=an

^†1st-person plurals are exclusive. Inclusive 1st-person plurals are denoted by 4th-person.
^†4th-person: indefinite person, 1st-person inclusive plural, logophorical person, 2nd-person honorific, etc.
See Ainu grammar.

Derived terms

• newa (“and”)

See also

• an (“to exist”)

Akan

Determiner

né

1. his, her; 3rd singular possessive pronoun

Verb

ne

1. to defecate

Conjunction

ne (Twi)

1. and

   ɔdɔ ne ɔtan ― love and hate

Usage notes

Used with connecting noun phrases. For connecting clauses, use na.

Derived terms

• ne foforɔ (“et al.”)

Albanian

Alternative forms

• na — Gheg
• na — Arbëresh
• nô — southern Gheg, Kavajë
• në

Etymology

The nominative-accusative is from accusative Proto-Albanian *nōs, stressed form of clitic Proto-Indo-European *nos, which is continued by the clitic na. Neve and nesh are innovated, but Gheg retains dative nahe (Old Albanian nae) from a genitive *nosōm.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [nɛ]

Pronoun

ne (accusative ne, dative neve, ablative nesh)

1. we, us

Declension

Forms of ne (1st person plural)

nominative	ne
ablative	nesh
	full form	clitic
accusative	ne	na
dative	neve	na
	possessive adjective	possessive pronoun
	ynë	yni

See also

Albanian personal pronouns

number	person		nominative	accusative	dative	ablative	accusative	dative
				stressed			clitic
singular
	1st		unë	mua		meje	më
	2nd		ti	ty		teje	të
	3rd	m	ai	atë	atij		e	i
		f	ajo		asaj
plural
	1st		ne		neve	nesh	na
	2nd		ju		juve	jush	ju
	3rd	m	ata		atyre		i	u
		f	ato

Anambé

Pronoun

ne

1. alternative form of na

References

• Maria Risolêta Silva Julião, L'expression de personne en Anambé du Cairari (2010)
• Antônio Augusto Souza Mello, Estudo histórico da família lingüística Tupi-Guarani: Aspectos fonológicos e lexicais (2000)

Bayono

Pronoun

ne

1. I (first person singular)

References

• Andrew Pawley et al., "The Trans New Guinea family", in The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide (2018, →ISBN)

Blagar

Noun

ne

1. human, person

References

• A. Schapper, The Papuan Languages of Timor, Alor and Pantar: Volume 1

Breton

Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *ni.

Particle

ne

1. not

Usage notes

Used combined with ket, mirroring French ne ... pas.

Catalan

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Central) IPA^(key): /nə/
• (Valencia, Alghero) IPA^(key): /ne/

Pronoun

ne (enclitic, contracted 'n, proclitic en, contracted proclitic n')

1. represents an indeterminate number or quantity of a given noun
2. represents a place (associated with the action described by the verb) that would be introduced by the preposition de
3. replaces a phrase introduced by the preposition de
4. replaces the object of a causative verb

Usage notes

• ne cannot be used more than once as the object of a given verb.
• While ne is usually used to replace phrases beginning with the preposition de, adverbial phrases (eg de pressa) are replaced with hi.
• ne is sometimes used instead of ho to replace an adjective or indefinite noun as the predicate of a verb.
• ne is sometimes used popularly to add emphasis to a sentence: in this sense, it has no translation in English.
• -ne is the full (plena) form of the pronoun. It is normally used after verbs ending with a consonant or ⟨u⟩, or between some adverbs/pronouns and a verb. In some varieties of Catalan (Balearic/Valencian) it can also occur in sentence-initial position.

See also

Catalan personal pronouns and clitics

			strong/subject	weak (direct object)		weak (indirect object)		possessive
				proclitic	enclitic	proclitic	enclitic
singular	1st person	standard	jo, mi3	em, m’	-me, ’m	em, m’	-me, ’m	meu
		majestic1	nós	ens	-nos, ’ns	ens	-nos, ’ns	nostre
	2nd person	standard	tu	et, t’	-te, ’t	et, t’	-te, ’t	teu
		formal1	vós	us	-vos, -us	us	-vos, -us	vostre
		very formal2	vostè	el, l’	-lo, ’l	li	-li	seu
	3rd person	m	ell	el, l’	-lo, ’l	li	-li	seu
		f	ella	la, l’4	-la	li	-li	seu
		n		ho	-ho	li	-li	seu
plural
	1st person		nosaltres	ens	-nos, ’ns	ens	-nos, ’ns	nostre
	2nd person	standard	vosaltres	us	-vos, -us	us	-vos, -us	vostre
		formal2	vostès	els	-los, ’ls	els	-los, ’ls	seu
	3rd person	m	ells	els	-los, ’ls	els	-los, ’ls	seu
		f	elles	les	-les	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person reflexive			si	es, s’	-se, ’s	es, s’	-se, ’s	seu
adverbial	ablative/genitive			en, n’	-ne, ’n
	locative			hi	-hi

¹ Behaves grammatically as plural.   ² Behaves grammatically as third person.
³ Only as object of a preposition.   ⁴ Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.

Chungli Ao

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *na-ŋ (“you”), whence also na (“you”).

Pronoun

ne

1. your sg

Further reading

• A. R. Coupe (2007), A grammar of Mongsen Ao, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 94
• Clark, Mary M. (1893), Ao Naga grammar with illustrative phrases and vocabulary, Molung: Assam Secretariat Printing Office, page 11

Chuukese

Conjunction

ne

1. to (connects verbs)

Preposition

ne

1. Expressing a fraction or a ratio. Preceded by a nominator and followed by the denominator.

Czech

Czech phrasebook

This entry is part of the phrasebook project, which presents criteria for inclusion based on utility, simplicity and commonness.

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *né

Proto-Balto-Slavic *ne

Proto-Slavic *ne

Old Czech ne

Czech ne

Inherited from Old Czech ne, from Proto-Slavic *ne.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈnɛ]

• Audio:

  (file)

Interjection

ne

1. no!

Particle

ne

1. not

See also

• ano

Further reading

• “ne”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “ne”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

Dalmatian

Etymology

From Latin nec, neque. Compare Italian nè, Spanish, Catalan and French ni, Romanian nici.

Adverb

ne

1. neither

Deg

Noun

ne

1. water

References

• Maurice Delafosse, Vocabulaires comparatifs de plus de 60 langues ou dialectes parlés à la Côte d’Ivoire et dans les régions limitrophes : avec des notes linguistiques et ethnologiques, une bibliographie et une carte (Paris, E. Leroux, 1904), page 231

Deg Xinag

Etymology

From Proto-Athabaskan *nuˑ.

Noun

ne

1. island

References

• Deg Xinag Learners' Dictionary — Deg Xinag Ałixi Ni'elyoy, Alaska Native Knowledge Network, 2007

Dutch

Alternative forms

• nen (before vowels and b, d and t)

Etymology

From nen through apocope, itself a contraction of eenen, enen, the now-obsolete accusative form of een.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nə/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: ne
• Rhymes: -ə

Article

ne

1. (Belgium, colloquial) a, an

   ne man

   a man

Usage notes

ne is used primarily in dialects that retain the three-way gender split. It is only used for masculine words, while een is used for feminine and neuter words.

The form nen is used before vowels (as the English an) and certain consonants (commonly b, d and t), differing from dialect to dialect.

See also

• den

Anagrams

• en

Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl

Determiner

ne

1. that.

Pronoun

ne

1. that.

Esperanto

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *néder.

Proto-Indo-European *méh₁

Proto-Indo-European *néh₁der.

Proto-Italic *nē

Archaic Latin nei

Latin nebor.

Latin nōn

Old French ne

Middle French ne

French nebor.

Proto-Indo-European *né

Proto-Balto-Slavic *ne

Proto-Slavic *ne

Russian не (ne)bor.

▲

Proto-Slavic *ne

Old Polish nie

Polish niebor.

Russian нет (net)bor.

Esperanto ne

Borrowed from Latin ne, French ne, Russian не (ne), Polish nie, and Russian нет (net). Compare English not, German nicht, English, Italian, and Spanish no, French non, German nein.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ne/

• Audio 1:

  (file)

• Audio 2:

  (file)

• Audio 3:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -e
• Syllabification: ne

Particle

ne

2. no

   Antonym: jes

4. not

   Antonym: ja (when used positively)

   • 2025 September 29, Jorge Nogueras, “La plej mallonga tago”, in uea.facila‎^[20], archived from the original on 12 December 2025:

     Ne estas spaco en mikronovelo por senutilaj vortoj.

     There is not space in a micro-novelette for useless words.

6. (Should we delete⁽⁺⁾ this sense?) non-

Derived terms

adjectives

• nea (“negative, denying, rejecting”)

adverbs

• nee (“rejectingly, denyingly, with the word no”)

verbs

• kapnei (“to shake one's head no”)
• nei (“to say no, to deny”)

Further reading

Etymological texts

• Cherpillod, André (2003), “ne”, in Konciza Etimologia Vortaro [Concise Etymological Dictionary] (in Esperanto), Universala Esperanto-Asocio, →ISBN

Grammatical texts

• Wennergren, Bertilo (1997-present), “22.4. Respondvortoj”, in Plena Manlibro de Esperanta Gramatiko‎^[21], Ne
• Wennergren, Bertilo (1997-present), “21. Neado”, in Plena Manlibro de Esperanta Gramatiko‎^[22]
• Wennergren, Bertilo (1997-present), “31.7.4. Neado de povi, devi kaj voli”, in Plena Manlibro de Esperanta Gramatiko‎^[23]
• Wennergren, Bertilo (1997-present), “38.3.7. MAL”, in Plena Manlibro de Esperanta Gramatiko‎^[24], Diferenco inter MAL kaj ne
• Kalocsay; Waringhien (1985), “Neado kaj jesado”, in Plena Analiza Gramatiko‎^[25], →ISBN, pages 126-128

Monolingual dictionaries

• “ne”, in Plena Ilustrita Vortaro de Esperanto [Complete Illustrated Dictionary of Esperanto], 2020, →ISBN
• “ne”, in Reta Vortaro [Online Dictionary] (in Esperanto), 1997-2026
• Benson, William (1932), “ne”, in Universala Esperanto-Metodo‎^[26], →OL, page 411

Multilingual dictionaries

• Benson, Peter J. (1995), “fail”, in Comprehensive English-Esperanto Dictionary‎^[27], →ISBN, pages 201-202
• Butler, Montagu C. (1967), “ne”, in Esperanto-English Dictionary‎^[28], →OL, page 281
• Millidge, Edward (1913), “ne”, in The Esperanto-English Dictionary‎^[29], →OL, pages 278-279

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *nek, from Proto-Uralic *ne + *-k (dual ending). Compare Erzya не (ne), неть (neť).

The inflectional stem nii- derives from the same stem with the plural infix (-i-), through an older *nij- (< *ne-j-). Compare also se.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈne/, [ˈne̞]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -e
• Syllabification^(key): ne
• Hyphenation^(key): ne

Pronoun

ne

1. (demonstrative, of things and animals) nominative plural of se: they, those (objects not pointed at by the speaker)
2. (colloquial, dialectal, of people) nominative plural of se: they

   Synonym: he

Determiner

ne

1. nominative plural of se: those (not pointed at by the speaker)

   Tässä ne kirjat nyt ovat.

   This is where those books are now.

Usage notes

See the usage notes under se.

Inflection

The case suffixes are mostly regular (except the inessive and elative singular). Abessive is never used in the singular and extremely seldom in the plural. Instructive niin is more or less a theoretical construction, since it has developed into an adverb, and its current meaning cannot be derived from ne.

Declension of se noun case singular plural adverbial form singular plural nominative se ne superessive siellä – genitive sen niiden, niitten delative sieltä – partitive sitä niitä sublative sinne – accusative se, sen ne lative siis – inessive siinä niissä temporal silloin – elative siitä niistä causative siten – illative siihen niihin multiplicative – – adessive sillä niillä distributive – – ablative siltä niiltä temp. dist. – – allative sille niille prolative – – essive sinä niinä situative – – translative siksi niiksi oppositive – – abessive – (niittä) instructive – (niin) comitative – niine

Descendants

• Kven: net
• Meänkieli: net

See also

Finnish demonstratives

	proximal	distal	neutral/medial
singular	tämä	tuo	se
plural	nämä	nuo	ne
*) See the usage notes under tuo for the difference between se and tuo.

Finnish personal pronouns

	first	second		third
		familiar	polite
singular	minä	sinä	Te	hän
plural	me	te		he

Further reading

• “ne”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[30] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 3 July 2023

Anagrams

• -en, en

French

Etymology

From Middle French, from Old French nen (preceding vowel sounds) or ne (preceding consonant sounds), from Latin nōn (“not”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nə/

  • Audio:

    (file)

  • Audio (France (Vosges)):

    (file)

  • Audio (France (Vosges)):

    (file)

• Rhymes: -ə

Particle

ne

1. (literary) not (used alone to negate a verb, now chiefly with only a few particular verbs; see usage notes)
   • 1713, Voltaire, letter, Dec 1713:

     Je ne sais si je dois vous appeler Monsieur ou Mademoiselle […] .

     I don't know if I should call you Mr or Miss.

   • 1826, Victor Hugo, Bug-Jargal, section XXXVIII:

     Le prince de France nous aime, celui d'Espagne ne cesse de nous secourir.

     The prince of France loves us, that of Spain does not cease in helping us.

   • 1868, Emile Zola, Madeleine Férat:

     Je n'ose te jurer que je t'aime toujours, parce que je sens bien que tu ne me croirais pas.

     I dare not swear that I still love you, for I sense that you would not believe me.

   • 1943, Jean-Paul Sartre, Réflexions sur la question juive:

     Mais je ne le crois pas : un homme qui trouve naturel de dénoncer des hommes ne peut avoir notre conception de l'humain […] .

     But I don't think so: a man who finds it natural to denounce men cannot have our idea of being human.

   • 1963, Françoise Hardy, L'Amour s'en va:

     L'amour s'en va, et le tien ne saurait durer.

     Love goes away, and yours will not be able to last.

2. not, no (used before a verb, with a coordinating negative element usually following; see usage notes)
   • 1851, Henri Murger, Le pays latin:

     Je ne sais rien de plus odieux que l'hypocrisie.

     I don't know anything more odious than hypocrisy.

   • 1998, Michel Houellebecq, Les Particules Élémentaires:

     Bruno se rendit compte qu'il ne serait jamais accepté par les hippies […] .

     Bruno realised that he'd never be accepted by the hippies.

   • 2012 May 3, Le Monde:

     "Il n'y a pas eu un truc auquel on ne s'attendait pas", affirme Stéphane Le Foll.

     "There wasn't anything we weren't expecting," stated Stéphane Le Foll.

3. used in a subordinate clause before a subjunctive verb (especially when the main verb expresses doubt or fear) to provide extra overtones of doubt or uncertainty (but not negating its verb); the so-called "pleonastic" or "expletive" ne
   • 1829, Victor Hugo, Le Derner Jour d'un Condamné, section XXVII:

     Ah! mes cheveux blanchiront avant que ma tête ne tombe!

     Oh! My hair will go white before my head falls!

   • 1837, George Sand, Mauprat:

     Oui, mais je crains qu'elle ne soit plus malade qu'elle ne l'avoue, repartit l'abbé.

     "Yes, but I think she might be more ill than she's letting on," the priest replied.

4. in comparative clauses usually translated with the positive sense of the subsequent negative (clarification of this definition is needed)

   Apprendre le français est plus facile qu'on ne pense.

   Learning French is easier than you (might) think.

Usage notes

• Typically, ne follows the subject and is itself followed by the verb and:
  • a negative adverbial (pas (“not; don't/doesn't”), plus (“no more, no longer”), jamais (“never”), (now literary) guère (“hardly”), or (now obsolete or regional) point (“not a bit”));
  • a nominal element modified by a negative determiner (aucun or nul, both meaning "no", "not a") — note that these phrases can take on nominal, pronominal or adverbial functions;
  • a negative pronoun, which as a group are more mobile, the most common being personne (“nobody”) and rien (“nothing”), which will follow ne and the verb if they function as the object complement of that verb, but if they are the subject of a given clause, they will usually sit at its head:

  Personne ne s'en souviendra demain. ― Nobody will remember about it tomorrow.

  Rien ne le dérange. ― Nothing bothers him.

• In literary French (i.e., the most formal variety of the written language) certain verbs can be negated with ne alone (without another negating element like pas). Nowadays, this list is restricted chiefly to the verbs pouvoir (“to be able to”), savoir (“to know”), cesser (“to cease”), oser (“to dare”), and daigner (“to deign”). Less formal registers still require coordination with another negative element.
• In colloquial (i.e., spoken) French, ne is often omitted, leaving the other negating element (pas, plus, rien, personne, etc.) to indicate the sentence's negative state on its own (unless more than one of these elements is already present).

  Je veux pas ça. ― I don't want that.

  Il attend personne. ― He's not waiting for anyone.

  J'en ai plus besoin. ― I don't need it anymore.

  On va nulle part. ― We're not going anywhere.

In some regions, ne has disappeared from spoken language either entirely or nearly so. Even when it is included in spoken form, the weak "e" is often elided, causing the remaining /n/ to assimilate into nearby words. Compare a few possible versions of the above example, Je veux pas ça, more or less rising in levels of formality:

J'veux pas ça. /ʒ‿vø pɑ sa/

Je veux pas ça. /ʒə vø pɑ sa/

Je n'veux pas ça. /ʒə‿n.vø pɑ sa/

Je ne veux pas ça. /ʒə nə vø pɑ sa/

Derived terms

• ça ne fait rien
• (usually prevocalic) n'

Further reading

• “ne”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012
• French grammar: Negation on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• en

Gagauz

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ne/

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish نَه (nä), from Proto-Turkic *nē-. Compare Turkish ne, Azerbaijani nə.

Adverb

ne

1. why

Pronoun

ne

1. (interrogative) what?

   O ne?

   What is that?

   ne isteersiniz?

   what do you want?

2. whatever, what

   ne desä yapacam

   I will do whatever he says

Declension

Declension of ne

	singular (tekil)	plural (çoğul)
nominative (yalın)	ne	nelär
definite accusative (belirtme)	neyi	neleri
dative (yönelme)	neyä	nelerä
locative (bulunma)	neydä	nelerdä
ablative (çıkma)	neydän	nelerdän
genitive (tamlayan)	neyin	nelerin

Derived terms

• nasıl
• näändan
• näänı
• neçin
• nedän
• nekadar
• neredä
• neredän
• nereli
• nereyi
• nesoy
• netakım
• netürlü
• nezaman
• nicä

Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish نَه (nä), from Persian نه (na). Turkish ne, Azerbaijani nə.

Conjunction

ne... ne...

1. neither... nor...

   ne sendä ne dä bendä var

   Neither I nor do you have it.

Further reading

• Kopuşçu M. İ., Todorova S. A., Kiräkova T.İ., editors (2019), Gagauzça-rusça sözlük: klaslar 5-12, Komrat: Gagauziya M.V. Maruneviç adına Bilim-Aaraştırma merkezi, →ISBN, page 120
• N. A Baskakov, editor (1972), “ne”, in Gagauzsko-Russko-Moldavskij Slovarʹ [Gagauz-Russian-Moldovan Dictionary], Moskva: Izdatelʹstvo Sovetskaja Enciklopedija, →ISBN, pages 341-342

German

Etymology 1

From Middle High German ne, ni (“not, if not”), from Old High German ne, ni (“no, not, not at all, by no means”), from Proto-West Germanic *ne, from Proto-Germanic *ne (“not”), from Proto-Indo-European *né (“not”). Also possibly from a contraction of nicht, dialectal net, nit, ni.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nə/

Particle

ne

2. (colloquial, regional, Northern Germany, North Rhine-Westphalia) right?; is it?; is it not?; tag question

   Synonyms: gell, oder, wa; see also Thesaurus:nicht wahr

   Wir müssen da lang, ne?

   We need to go that way, don't we?

   Du hast keine Geschwister, ne?

   You don't have siblings, do you?

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /neː/

Interjection

ne

2. alternative spelling of nee

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nə/

Article

ne

2. alternative spelling of 'ne

Gothic

Romanization

nē

1. romanization of 𐌽𐌴

Huichol

Etymology

Compare Classical Nahuatl neh (“I”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈne/

Pronoun

né

1. I (first-person singular subject pronoun)

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈnɛ]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -nɛ

Adverb

ne

1. don't, should/shall not, stop (doing something)

   Ne hallgass rá! ― Don't listen to him!

   Ne felejtsd el! or (more emphatically) El ne felejtsd! ― (Mind you) don't forget it!

   Miért ne? (= Miért ne csináljuk/tegyük?) ― Why not? (literally, “Why shouldn't [we do it]?”)

   Bár ne tettem volna! ― I wish I hadn't done it.

   Ne lopj! ― Thou shalt not steal.

Usage notes

Used before the verb in an imperative clause (or sometimes a conditional clause expressing a wish or desire) to negate that clause; ne is always used instead of nem in the imperative mood.

Derived terms

Compound words

• nebáncsvirág
• nehogy
• nemulass
• netalán
• netovább

Expressions

• ajándék lónak ne nézd a fogát
• aki nem dolgozik, ne is egyék
• akinek nem inge, ne vegye magára
• akinek vaj van a fején, ne menjen a napra
• amit ma megtehetsz, ne halaszd holnapra
• félreértés ne essék
• hogy egyik szavam a másikba ne öltsem
• ne igyál előre a medve bőrére
• ne keltsd fel az alvó oroszlánt
• ne szólj, szám, nem fáj fejem
• ne zavartasd magad
• soha ne add fel
• tisztesség ne essék szólván

Further reading

• ne in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.

Ido

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ne/, /nɛ/

Etymology 1

From Esperanto ne, from French ne, Russian не (ne).

Adverb

ne

1. not, don’t

Derived terms

• ne- (“non-, un-, in-, im-, ir- (etc.)”)

Etymology 2

From n +‎ -e.

Noun

ne (plural ne-i)

1. The name of the Latin script letter N/n.

See also

• Latin script letter names: literi: a · be · ce · che · de · e · fe · ge · he · i · je · ke · le · me · ne · o · pe · que · re · se · she · te · u · ve · we · xe · ye · ze ^[edit]

Ingrian

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈne/, [ˈne̞]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈne/, [ˈne̞]
• Rhymes: -e
• Hyphenation: ne

Pronoun

ne

1. alternative form of neet
   • 1936, L. G. Terehova, V. G. Erdeli, translated by Mihailov and P. I. Maksimov, Geografia: oppikirja iƶoroin alkușkoulun kolmatta klaassaa vart (ensimäine osa) [Geography: textbook for Ingrian elementary school third grade (first part)], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 6:

     Miltaisee poolee ne ollaa opettajast?

     On which side of the teacher are they?

Determiner

ne

1. alternative form of neet

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971), Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 338

Anagrams

• en

Isthmus Zapotec

Conjunction

ne

1. and

Istro-Romanian

Etymology

From Latin nix, nivem, through Proto-Romanian (compare Romanian nea, Aromanian neao), from Proto-Italic *sniks, from Proto-Indo-European *snígʷʰs (“snow”), root noun derived from *sneygʷʰ- (“to snow”).

Noun

ne f (definite nevu, genitive/dative lu nevu)

1. snow

Italian

Etymology 1

From Latin inde (“thence, from that place; from that person, of them”). Compare French en (adverb, pronoun).

Alternative forms

• -ne (enclitic form)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): ^°/ne/^°
• IPA^(key): (traditional) /ne/^°
• Rhymes: -e
• Hyphenation: ne
• In modern usage but not traditional usage, this word actively blocks syntactic gemination of its initial consonant. Hence però ne prendo (“I (will) take some”) is pronounced /peˈrɔ ne ˈprɛndo/ in modern usage, but /peˈrɔ‿nne ˈprɛndo/ traditionally, since però normally triggers syntactic gemination.

Adverb

ne

1. from there

   Si chiuse in casa e non ne uscì per giorni.

   He shut himself in the house, and didn't come out for days.

   (literally, “He locked himself in house, and didn't from there come out for days.”)

Usage notes

• The adverb ne replaces di là (“from there”):

Sono di Genova; ne sono venuto stamattina.

I am from Genova; I came from there this morning.

Pronoun

ne

1. from this; from that; from these; from those, sometimes not translated in English

   Furono mesi di lavoro sfibrante, ma ne venne fuori un gran film.

   There were months of exhausting work, but a great movie came out of those.

2. about this; about that; about these; about those

   Ne abbiamo parlato, ma non sono sicuro che abbia capito.

   We talked about that, but I'm not sure he understood.

   Certo che ricordo quell'evento: ne ho perfino scritto in un articolo.

   Of course I remember that event, I even wrote an article about that

3. of this; of that; of these; of those, sometimes not translated in English

   Se è avanzata della torta, ne vorrei una fetta, per favore.

   If there's some cake left, I would like a slice.

   (literally, “If is left some cake, of it I would like a slice.”)

   Avevi promesso di tornare a casa, te ne ricordi?

   You promised you'd come back home, do you remember (that)?

   (literally, “You had promised to come back to home, do you of it remember?”)

4. of them (sometimes not translated in English)

   Non ne ho più.

   I don't have any left.

   (literally, “I don't of it have any more.”)

5. for this; of that; of these; of those, sometimes not translated in English

   Ho capito cos'ha fatto, ma non ne ho capito il motivo.

   I understood what he did, but I didn't understand the reason for that.

6. intensive particle, used in forms of certain verbs suffixed with -ne, where it indicates a particular way of carrying out the verb's action

   Spalancò la porta e se ne andò tutta esultante.

   She slammed the door open, and left all cheerful.

   Se ne sta sdraiato per ore a non fare nulla.

   He just stays there lying down for hours, without doing anything.

7. only used in forms of the verb of volerne (“to hold a grudge”)

   Non te ne vorrò.

   I won't hold a grudge against you.

8. only used in forms of the verb of andarne (“to be at stake”)

   Ne va della tua vita.

   Your life is at stake.

Usage notes

• The pronoun ne stands for di + [pronoun], and can thus be a translation of “[preposition] + it/them” for any preposition that is translated as di in Italian.

See also

Italian personal pronouns

			nominative		atonic (clitic)11						tonic12
					accusative / dative-reflexive	accusative	dative		locative	partitive	prepositional-reflexive	oblique
singular
	first		io		mi, m', -mi, me9				―		―	me
	second		tu		ti, t', -ti, te9							te
	second formal / polite5		Lei, Ella8		―	La, -La, L'	Le, -Le					Lei
	third	m	lui, egli,8 ello,8 elli,3, 8 esso8		si,6 s', -si, se,9 ci13	lo, l', -lo, il4	glie9	gli, -gli, il4	ci, c', vi,1 v'1	ne, n'	sé	lui, esso8
		f	lei, ella,8 essa8			la, l', -la		le, -le, gli,2 -gli2				lei, essa8
plural
	first		noi		ci, c', -ci, ce,9 ne,4 n'4				―		―	noi
	second		voi, Voi7		vi, Vi,7 v', V',7 -vi, -Vi,7 ve9							voi, Voi7
	second formal / polite5		Loro		―	Le, -Le	Loro10					Loro
	third	m	loro	elli,3, 8 ellino,4, 8 eglino,4, 8 essi8	si, s', -si, se9	li, -li	loro,10 gli,2 -gli,2 glie9		ci, c', vi,1 v'1	ne, n'	sé	loro	essi8
		f		elle,3, 8 elleno,4, 8 esse8		le, -le							elle,8 esse8

¹ Formal.
² Informal.
³ Archaic.
⁴ Obsolete or literary.
⁵ Grammatically third person forms used semantically in the second person as a formal or polite way of addressing someone (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead.
⁶ Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive.
⁷ Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous).
⁸ Traditional grammars still indicate the forms egli (animate), ello / ella (animate), esso / essa and their plurals as the nominative forms of the third person pronouns; outside of very formal or archaizing contexts, all such forms have been replaced by the obliques lui, lei, loro.
⁹ Forms used when followed by a third-person direct object proclitic (lo, la, li, le, or ne).
¹⁰ Used after verbs.
¹¹ Unstressed forms, stand alone forms are found proclitically (except dative loro / Loro), others enclitically (-mi, -ti, etc.).
¹² Disjunctive, emphatic oblique forms used as direct objects placed after verbs (or before them, chiefly in literary Italian), in exclamations, along prepositions (prepositional) and some adverbs (come, quanto, etc.); also used with a to create alternative emphatic dative forms.
¹³ Only in "ci si", replaces indefinite si (“one”) before reflexive si (“oneself”).

Etymology 2

Initial part of the combined forms of preposition in (“in”) with definite articles: nel, nello, nella, nell', nei, negli, nelle. Compare Portuguese n’.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ne/^*
• Homophone: né
• Rhymes: -e
• Hyphenation: ne

Preposition

ne

1. (before a quoted string (a title, a band name, &c) that starts with a defined article) alternative form of in

   Massimo Troisi non ha vinto un oscar per la sua interpretazione ne «Il postino».

   Massimo Troisi did not win an Oscar for his performance in "Il Postino: The Postman".

See also

• de (alternative form of di (“of”))

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronoun

ne (obsolete, Tuscany or poetic)

1. synonym of ci: us, to us
   • 1316–c. 1321, Dante Alighieri, “Canto XIV”, in Paradiso [Heaven], lines 59-60; republished as Giorgio Petrocchi, editor, La Commedia secondo l'antica vulgata [The Commedia according to the ancient vulgate], 2^nd revised edition, Florence: publ. Le Lettere, 1994:

     li organi del corpo saran forti
     a tutto ciò che potrà dilettarne

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 1336–1374, Francesco Petrarca, “CXXVIII — Italia mia, benché ’l parlar sia indarno”, in Il Canzoniere, lines 31-32; republished as Daniele Ponchiroli, editor, Turin: publ. Giulio Einaudi, 1964:

     Se da le proprie mani
     questo n’avene, or chi fia che ne scampi?

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 1820, Alessandro Manzoni, Il Conte di Carmagnola, Act II, chorus:

     Chi son essi? Alle belle contrade
     Qual ne venne straniero a far guerra?

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Alternative forms

• n' (apocopic)

See also

Italian personal pronouns

			nominative		atonic (clitic)11						tonic12
					accusative / dative-reflexive	accusative	dative		locative	partitive	prepositional-reflexive	oblique
singular
	first		io		mi, m', -mi, me9				―		―	me
	second		tu		ti, t', -ti, te9							te
	second formal / polite5		Lei, Ella8		―	La, -La, L'	Le, -Le					Lei
	third	m	lui, egli,8 ello,8 elli,3, 8 esso8		si,6 s', -si, se,9 ci13	lo, l', -lo, il4	glie9	gli, -gli, il4	ci, c', vi,1 v'1	ne, n'	sé	lui, esso8
		f	lei, ella,8 essa8			la, l', -la		le, -le, gli,2 -gli2				lei, essa8
plural
	first		noi		ci, c', -ci, ce,9 ne,4 n'4				―		―	noi
	second		voi, Voi7		vi, Vi,7 v', V',7 -vi, -Vi,7 ve9							voi, Voi7
	second formal / polite5		Loro		―	Le, -Le	Loro10					Loro
	third	m	loro	elli,3, 8 ellino,4, 8 eglino,4, 8 essi8	si, s', -si, se9	li, -li	loro,10 gli,2 -gli,2 glie9		ci, c', vi,1 v'1	ne, n'	sé	loro	essi8
		f		elle,3, 8 elleno,4, 8 esse8		le, -le							elle,8 esse8

¹ Formal.
² Informal.
³ Archaic.
⁴ Obsolete or literary.
⁵ Grammatically third person forms used semantically in the second person as a formal or polite way of addressing someone (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead.
⁶ Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive.
⁷ Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous).
⁸ Traditional grammars still indicate the forms egli (animate), ello / ella (animate), esso / essa and their plurals as the nominative forms of the third person pronouns; outside of very formal or archaizing contexts, all such forms have been replaced by the obliques lui, lei, loro.
⁹ Forms used when followed by a third-person direct object proclitic (lo, la, li, le, or ne).
¹⁰ Used after verbs.
¹¹ Unstressed forms, stand alone forms are found proclitically (except dative loro / Loro), others enclitically (-mi, -ti, etc.).
¹² Disjunctive, emphatic oblique forms used as direct objects placed after verbs (or before them, chiefly in literary Italian), in exclamations, along prepositions (prepositional) and some adverbs (come, quanto, etc.); also used with a to create alternative emphatic dative forms.
¹³ Only in "ci si", replaces indefinite si (“one”) before reflexive si (“oneself”).

Further reading

• “ne¹”, in Vocabolario Treccani on line (in Italian), Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana, 2026
• “ne²”, in Vocabolario Treccani on line (in Italian), Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana, 2026
• “ne³”, in Vocabolario Treccani on line (in Italian), Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana, 2026

Japanese

Romanization

ne

1. The hiragana syllable ね (ne) or the katakana syllable ネ (ne) in Hepburn romanization.

Kalasha

Determiner

ne

1. no

Particle

ne

1. no

Kapampangan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈne/ [ˈnɛ]
• Hyphenation: ne

Etymology 1

Contraction of na + ya.

Pronoun

ne

1. blend of 3rd person singular possessive/ergative pronoun + 3rd person singular absolutive pronoun

   Ikit ne.

   S/he saw him/her.

Etymology 2

Compare Tagalog 'no, Japanese な (na), ね (ne).

Particle

ne

1. (informal) sentence-final particle indicating emotion or mild emphasis

   Nokarin ya kaya ne?

   Now, I wonder where is s/he?

2. (tag question) sentence-final question marker particle indicating emphasis and asking for confirmation: right?; eh?; isn't it, innit?

   Mako naku ne?

   I'm leaving, ok?

Adverb

ne

1. already; now (expresses the event when following a verb)

   Yari ne.

   Finished already.

2. already; now (declares the event of action when following a verb in the past tense)

   Meko ne.

   s/he left already.

3. already; now (suggests immediate or quick action when following the infinitive form and future tense of the verb)

   Papunta ne kanu.

   s/he said that s/he's coming already.

See also

• na

Karaim

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *nē-.

Pronoun

ne

1. what

References

• N. A. Baskakov, S.M. Šapšala, editor (1973), “ne”, in Karaimsko-Russko-Polʹskij Slovarʹ [Karaim-Russian-Polish Dictionary], Moscow: Moskva, →ISBN

Karelian

Regional variants of ne

North Karelian (Viena)	ne
South Karelian (Tver)	ne

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *nek. Cognates include Finnish ne and Estonian need.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈnʲe/
• Hyphenation: ne

Determiner

ne

1. (South Karelian) those
2. (North Karelian or dialectal) these, those (medial)

Pronoun

ne

1. (South Karelian) those
2. (North Karelian or dialectal) these, those (medial)

Usage notes

• In North Karelian, ne is used to refer to objects that are far away from the speaker, but close to the addressee.

Declension

Viena Karelian declension of ne (irregular)
	singular	plural
nominative	še	ne
genitive	šen	niijen
partitive	šitä	niitä
illative	šiih	niih
inessive	šiinä	niissä
elative	šiitä	niistä
adessive	šillä	niillä
ablative	šiltä	niiltä
translative	šiksi	niiksi
essive	šinä	niinä
comitative	—	niineh
abessive	šittä	niittä
prolative	—	—
instructive	—	niin

Tver Karelian declension of ne (irregular)
	singular	plural
nominative	še	ne
genitive	šen	niijen
partitive	šidä	niidä
illative	šiih	niih
inessive	šiinä	niissä
elative	šiitä	niistä
adessive	šillä	niillä
ablative	šildä	niildä
translative	šiksi	niiksi
essive	šinä	niinä
comitative	šiinke	niinke
abessive	šittä	niittä
prolative	šičči	niičči
instructive	—	niin

See also

Karelian demonstratives
	proximate	medial	distal
singular	tämä	še	tuo
plural	nämä	ne	nuo
In South Karelian, the medial determiners are used instead of the distal series. Dialectally, the determiners are used as in North Karelian, distinguishing all three series.

References

• A. V. Punzhina (1994), “ne”, in Словарь карельского языка (тверские говоры) [Dictionary of the Karelian language (Tver dialects)], →ISBN
• P. Zaykov; L. Rugoyeva (1999), “ne”, in Карельско-Русский словарь (Северно-Карельские диалекты) [Karelian-Russian dictionary (North Karelian dialects)], Petrozavodsk, →ISBN
• Pertti Virtaranta; Raija Koponen (2009), “ne”, in Marja Torikka, editor, Karjalan kielen sanakirja‎^[31], Helsinki: Kotus, →ISSN

Ladin

Adverb

ne

1. not

Latin

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈneː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈnɛː]

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *néder.

Proto-Indo-European *méh₁

Proto-Indo-European *néh₁der.

Proto-Italic *nē

Archaic Latin nei

Latin nē

Inherited from Archaic Latin nei, from Proto-Italic *nē, either from a lengthened variant of Proto-Indo-European *né (“not”), or from *méh₁ with replacement of *m- by *n-. The conjunction is abbreviated from ut nē.

Adverb

nē (not comparable)

2. no; not
   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita 1.10:

     ne Crustumini quidem atque Antemnates […] satis se inpigre movent

     the Crustuminians and Antemnates did not move with enough energy

3. [with subjunctive] introduces a prohibition or negative command: do not
   • c. 110 BCE – c. 25 BCE, Cornelius Nepos, De viris illustribus XXV. Atticus 16.2.5:

     nē necesse habueris

     do not regard it as necessary

   • 62 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, Epistulae ad familiares 7.18.3:

     nē sīs admīrātus

     do not be surprised

   • 62 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, Epistulae ad familiares 7.25.2:

     nē Apellae quidem dīxeris

     do not tell Apella even

   • 44 BCE, Cicero, De divinatione 2.127:

     hōc facitō; hōc nē fēceris

     thou shalt do this, thou shalt not do that

   • c. 45 BCE, Cicero, Tusculanae disputationes 1.98:

     nē vōs quidem mortem timueritis

     nor must you fear death

4. [with future imperative] introduces a prohibition or negative command in a general context, as precepts, statutes, and proverbs: do not
   • 77 CE – 79 CE, Plinius Maior, Naturalis Historia 18.334:

     Boreā flante, nē arātō, sēmen nē iacitō

     when the north wind blows, do not plough, do not sow seed

Derived terms

• nē quidem (“not even”)

Conjunction

nē (+ subjunctive)

2. that [undesirable outcome]; so that...not; in order not to; lest

   Vereor, nē videātur ōrātiō mea stulta. ― I fear lest my oration seem foolish.

   • 54 BCE – 51 BCE, Cicero, De re publica 1.70:

     Sed vereor, Laelī vōsque hominēs amīcissimī ac prūdentissimī, nē sī diūtius in hōc genere verser, quasī̆ praecipientis cuiusdam et docentis et nōn vōbīscum simul cōnsīderantis esse videātur ōrātiō mea.

     But I fear, Lælius and you most dear and learned friends, that if I dwell any longer on this topic, my speech may seem like that of a master or teacher, not that of someone contemplating alongside you.

   • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de bello Gallico 7.11:

     cum ad oppidum Senonum Vellaunodunum vēnisset, nē quem post sē hostem reliqueret...oppugnare īnstituit idque bīduō circumvāllāvit

     when [Caesar] had come to the Senones' town of Vellaunodunum, so as not to leave any enemy behind him, he undertook to lay siege and walled it round in two days

   • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de bello Gallico 7.10:

     sī reliquam partem hiemis ūnō locō legiōnēs continēret, nē stipendiāriīs Aeduōrum expugnātīs cūncta Gallia dēficeret

     [he feared] lest, if he were to confine his legions in one place for the rest of the winter, all Gaul would revolt once the stipendiaries of the Aedui were subdued

   • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de bello Gallico 7.11:

     veritus nē noctū ex oppidō prōfugerent

     he feared lest [the enemy] should escape from the town by night

Usage notes

• The adverb became obsolete in colloquial speech in late antiquity in cases of prohibition, being displaced by non.

Derived terms

• nē forte
• nē quis
• nē quō
• neu
• neutiquam
• nēve

Related terms

• in-
• -ne
• ne-
• neque, nec
• nī
• nōn
• quīn
• sīn

Etymology 2

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *áno-

Proto-Indo-European *-h₁

Proto-Indo-European *né-h₁der.

Latin ne

From Proto-Indo-European *né-h₁ (“that way, so”), which consists of *áno- (“yonder”, pronomial stem, distal) +‎ *-h₁ (modal and instrumental suffix). Cognate with Ancient Greek νή (nḗ, “yes, indeed”) and Proto-Germanic *-nā (emphatic suffix after adverbs) which features in Icelandic svona (“so”), hérna (“here”), and þarna (“there”). The same pronominal stem is also present in the words enim (“for; truly”), nempe (“indeed”), and nam (“for”).

Interjection

nē

1. truly! indeed! only joined with personal pronouns and commonly connected with other affirmative particles
   • 44 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, Philippics:

     At enim te in disciplinam meam tradideras—nam ita dixisti—domum meam ventitaras. Ne tu, si id fecisses, melius famae, melius pudicitiae tuae consuluisses.

     You had however committed yourself to my instruction and frequented my house, or so you claimed. You would certainly have been more mindful of your virtue and reputation if you had!

Etymology 3

Verb

nē

1. second-person singular present active imperative of neō

Latvian

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ne, from Proto-Indo-European *né.

Conjunction

ne

1. not

   ne tikai ― not only

   ne visai ― not quite

Lithuanian

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ne, from Proto-Indo-European *né.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈnʲɛ]
• Rhymes: -ɛ
• Syllabification: nè

Interjection

nè

1. no (used to show disagreement or negation)

Antonyms

• taip

Related terms

• ne-

References

• “ne”, in Lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of the Lithuanian language], lkz.lt, 1941–2026
• “ne”, in Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of contemporary Lithuanian], ekalba.lt, 1954–2026

Livonian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *nek.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈne/, [ˈne]

Pronoun

ne

1. they; third-person plural pronoun

   Alternative form: nämād

2. these, those, they; plural demonstrative pronoun

Usage notes

• The plural forms are the same for both the personal and demonstrative pronoun. However, the corresponding singular forms are different; the third-person singular personal pronoun is tämā / ta (type 5), while the singular demonstrative pronoun is se (type 4).
• Like Standard Estonian, Livonian only has a single demonstrative pronoun (se, plural ne) after tūo fell out of use some time around the turn of the 20th century.

Declension

Declension of ne (5)

	singular (ikšlu’g)	plural (pǟgiņlu’g)
nominative (nominatīv)	tämā ta	ne nämād
genitive (genitīv)	tä’m	nänt
partitive (partitīv)	tǟnda	nēḑi
dative (datīv)	tä’mmõn	näntõn
instrumental (instrumentāl)	tä’mkõks	näntkõks
illative (illatīv)	tä’mmõ tä’mmõz	nē’ži
inessive (inesīv)	tä’msõ	nēši
elative (elatīv)	tä’mstõ	nēšti

Declension of ne (4)

	singular (ikšlu’g)	plural (pǟgiņlu’g)
nominative (nominatīv)	se	ne
genitive (genitīv)	sīe	nänt
partitive (partitīv)	siedā	nēḑi
dative (datīv)	sīen	näntõn
instrumental (instrumentāl)	sīekõks	näntkõks
illative (illatīv)	sī’ezõ	nē’ži
inessive (inesīv)	sīesõ	nēši
elative (elatīv)	sīestõ	nēšti

See also

Livonian personal pronouns

	first	second	third
singular	minā / ma	sinā / sa	tämā / ta
plural	mēg	tēg	ne / nämād

References

• Tiit-Rein Viitso; Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), “ne”, in Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz [Livonian-Estonian-Latvian Dictionary]‎^[32] (in Estonian and Latvian), Tartu, Rīga: Tartu Ülikool, Latviešu valodas aģentūra

Low German

Article

ne f

1. (Paderbornisch) nominative/accusative feminine singular of en: a

Pronoun

ne m

1. (Paderbornisch) weak accusative of hei: him

See also

• iähne

Luganda

Conjunction

ne

1. and (only used if the overall statement is grammatically positive)

See also

• na

References

J. D. Chesswas (1967), The Essentials of Luganda, 4th edition, Nairobi: Oxford University Press, page 94

Mandarin

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Romanization

ne (ne⁵ / ne⁰, Zhuyin ˙ㄋㄜ)

1. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 吶 / 呐
2. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 呢

ne

1. nonstandard spelling of nē
2. nonstandard spelling of né
3. nonstandard spelling of nè
4. nonstandard spelling of nê̄

Usage notes

• Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Mezquital Otomi

Etymology 1

From Proto-Otomi [Term?], from Proto-Otomian [Term?], from Proto-Oto-Pamean *neʔ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nè/

Verb

ne

1. (transgender) want

Etymology 2

From Proto-Otomi *ne, from Proto-Otomian *ne, from Proto-Oto-Pamean *te/*ne, from Proto-Oto-Manguean *(Y)te(H)³.

Alternative forms

• né (obsolete)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /né/, /ně/

Noun

ne

1. mouth
2. snout
3. edge (of a blade)
4. bite, sting
5. animals at the head of the herd

References

• Andrews, Enriqueta (1950), Vocabulario otomí de Tasquillo, Hidalgo‎^[33] (in Spanish), México, D.F.: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, pages 19, 47, 74
• Hernández Cruz, Luis; Victoria Torquemada, Moisés (2010), Diccionario del hñähñu (otomí) del Valle del Mezquital, estado de Hidalgo (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 45)‎^[34] (in Spanish), second edition, Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., page 210

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch ne, from Proto-Germanic *ne, from Proto-Indo-European *né.

Adverb

ne

1. not

Usage notes

Immediately precedes the verb. Often found in combination with the synonymous niet or another negating adverb, which is placed elsewhere.

Alternative forms

• en

Descendants

• Dutch: n- (prefix)

Further reading

• “ne (I)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• “ne (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “en (V)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page en
• Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “ne”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN

Middle English

Alternative forms

• ny, ni (rare)

Etymology

From Old English ne, from Proto-West Germanic *ne, from Proto-Germanic *ne, from Proto-Indo-European *né.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nɛ/, /nə/

Adverb

ne

1. not (negates the accompanying verb)

   Þei ne bileveden hire nought. ― They didn't believe her.

   • 13??, Geoffrey Chaucer, "The Knight's Portrait" (line 70), The Canterbury Tales.

     He nevere yet no vileynye ne sayde.

   • 1481, William Caxton, Lyf of the Noble and Crysten Prynce, Charles the Grete:

     I ne entende but onely to reduce thauncyent ryme in to prose.

     I intend only to reduce the ancient rhyme into prose.

2. not (to no degree, extent, or way)

   Þou ne art weyke. ― You aren't weak.

Usage notes

• Middle English lacks do-support. Instead, ne is simply used by itself: Puple deien, bot fame ne deieþ ("People die, but reputation does not die").
• Middle English has negative concord, so negatives don't cancel out another, unlike formal English or Latin. ne is often accompanied by other negatives rather than used alone. Double, triple, and quadruple negatives are common: I ne oght no man noght ("I haven't owed anything to anyone," literally "I not owed no one nothing").
• ne usually immediately precedes the verb; compare nought / nat, which usually follows it.

Related terms

• never
• non
• nought

Descendants

• English: ne (obsolete)
• Scots: ne (obsolete)

References

• “ne, adv.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Conjunction

ne

1. nor (and not, or (not), not)
2. lest (in case, before)
3. than (introducing a basis of comparison)

Usage notes

• ne can contract with certain words that follow it, such as ne was → nas. This is optional, so forms like ne was are possible.
• ne... ne... is often found in correlative constructions, with the meaning of not... or...; this is comparable to modern English neither... (n)or....

Descendants

• English: ne (obsolete)
• Scots: ne (obsolete)

References

• “ne, conj.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
• “ne, conj.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Middle French

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

• n'

Adverb

ne

1. not (used to negate a verb)
   • 1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 22:

     Ha ha pourdieu franc chevalier et preux ne me occisez mie

     Ha! For the love of God honest and valiant knight, don't kill me!

   • c. 1532, François Rabelais, Pantagruel Prologue de l’Auteur:

     Je ne suis nay en telle planette et ne m'advint oncques de mentir, ou asseurer chose que ne feust veritable. J'en parle comme un gaillard Onocrotale, voyre, dy je, crotenotaire des martyrs amans, et crocquenotaire de amours : Quod vidimus testamur.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 1562, Henry IV of France, Lettres Missives:

     Catherine de Médicis, ne tarda pas à faire venir auprès de lui, en 1561, sa femme et ses enfants.

     Catherine of Medicis did not hesitate to bring to him, in 1561, his wife and his children

Usage notes

• As in modern French, may be used in combination with another adverb, such as ne... iamais, ne... pas, ne... gaire, ne... mie, ne... oncques, ne... poin(c)t and ne... rien(s), but such an adverb is not required.

Etymology 2

See ny

Conjunction

ne

1. alternative form of ny (“neither; nor”)

Mohawk

Article

ne

1. the

Negerhollands

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nɛ/

Verb

ne

1. take

References

• Language Contact in the Danish West Indies (2012, →ISBN)

Nheengatu

Etymology

Inherited from Old Tupi ne.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (unstressed) /ne/

• Rhymes: -e
• Hyphenation: ne

Pronoun

ne

1. (second-class) second-person singular personal pronoun (you, your)

   Ne akanhemu reikú nhaãsé ne kirá reikú.

   You are scared because you are fat.

   Aé uputari upitá ne irũmu.

   He wants to stay with you.

   Ne manha uwiké uka pisasú upé.

   Your mother enters the new house.

Usage notes

• As a second-class pronoun, ne is used as the subject of a sentence when its verb is a second-class one (those verbs are sometimes referred to as adjectives). The personal pronoun ne is also used when governed by any postposition with the exception of arama and supé. Finally, ne is used as a possessive pronoun as well.

Descendants

• >? Pirahã: gi

See also

Nheengatu personal pronouns

singular	first-class pronoun	second-class pronoun
first-person	ixé	se
second-person	indé	ne
third-person	aé	i
plural	first-class pronoun	second-class pronoun
first-person	yandé	yané
second-person	penhẽ	pe
third-person	aintá (or tá)	aintá (or tá)

References

• AVILA, Marcel Twardowsky (2021) Proposta de dicionário nheengatu–português, page 564
• NAVARRO, Eduardo de Almeida (2016) Curso de língua geral (nheengatu ou tupi moderno): a língua das origens da civilização amazônica, 2nd edition, →ISBN, pages 11 and 106

Northern Kurdish

Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *na, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *na, from Proto-Indo-European *né. Related to na.

Adverb

ne

1. not

   Ez ne kurd im.

   I'm not Kurdish.

Interjection

ne

1. no

Northern Ndebele

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-nàì.

Adjective

-ne

1. four

Inflection

Adjective concord, tone L

	modifier	copulative
1st singular	engimune	ngimune
2nd singular	omune	umune
1st plural	esibane	sibane
2nd plural	elibane	libane
class 1	omune	mune
class 2	abane	bane
class 3	omune	mune
class 4	emine	mine
class 5	eline	line
class 6	amane	mane
class 7	esine	sine
class 8	ezine	zine
class 9	ene	ine
class 10	ezine	zine
class 11	olune	lune
class 14	obune	bune
class 15	okune	kune
class 17	okune	kune

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

• near m pl

Etymology

From Old Norse nið f, possibly from Proto-Germanic *nidwō (“sinking; downfall”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /neː/

Noun

ne n (plural neet)

1. a lunar phase of an old moon, i.e. period of time in which the moon is waning

   Antonym: ny

Derived terms

• i ny og ne
• nemåne

References

• “ne” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Anagrams

• en

Old Czech

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *né

Proto-Balto-Slavic *ne

Proto-Slavic *ne

Old Czech ne

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ne.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (13^th CE) /ˈnɛ/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ˈnɛ/

Particle

ne

1. Negation particle; no, not

Descendants

• Czech: ne

References

• Jan Gebauer (1903–1916), “ne”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

Old Dutch

Alternative forms

• ne- (more common prefix variant)

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *ne (“not”), from Proto-Indo-European *né (“no, not”). Cognate with Old English ne (“not”), Old Frisian ne (“not”), Old Saxon ne (“not”) and Old High German ni (“not”).

Adverb

ne

1. not

   Synonyms: niewiht, ne-

   • c. 900 CE, Die altmittel- und altniederfränkischen Psalmen und Glossen [The Old Middle and Old Low Franconian psalms and glosses]:

     Sālig man thēr niweht vuor in gerēde ungenēthero, inde in wege sundigero ne stunt, inde in stuole sufte ne saz.

     Graceful is the man who did not go to the trial of the godless, and did not stand on the road of sin, and did not sit in the seat of perdition.

Descendants

• Middle Dutch: ne
  • Dutch: n-

Further reading

• “ne”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

Old English

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *né

Proto-Germanic *ne

Old English ne

From Proto-Germanic *ne (“not”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ne/
• Rhymes: -e

Adverb

ne

1. not
   • 10th century, Exeter Book Riddle 8‎^[35]:

     Iċ… hlūde ċirme, healde mīne wīsan, hlēoþre ne mīþe,…

     I… loudly cry out, hold my tone, don't hide a sound,…

Usage notes

• Old English does not have do-support. Instead, ne is simply used by itself: Menn sweltaþ, ac hlīsa ne swilt ("People die, but reputation does not die").
• Ne is placed immediately before the finite verb (except in poetry, where it may occur in other positions for metrical reasons): Sēo lǣrestre ne meahte furðum mīnes naman ġemunan (“The teacher could not even remember my name”). It only goes before infinitives on the rare occasion when there is no finite verb to negate: Iċ wēne þæt þū sċyle forlǣtan and eft ne cuman ("I think you should leave and not come back"), Uton ne forspillan nāne tīd mā ("Let's not waste any more time").
• Ne negates verbs. Other parts of speech are negated with nā: Earg iċ eom, nā lǣwa ("I'm a coward, not a traitor"), Iċ hīe fræġn "Hū wæs þīn færeld?" and hēo cwæþ "Nā yfel" ("I asked her 'How was your trip?' and she said "Not bad'"). Nā is also used when the verb is only implied: Ne rēċe iċ hwæðer mē hwā ġelīefe þē nā ("I don't care if anyone believes me or not"). Nā also negates tō-infinitives and participles: Þās þing ġedafenode tō dōnne and þā ōðru nā tō forlǣtenne ("It would have made sense to do these things and not to neglect the others").
• Ne and its accompanying verb often come at the beginning of a sentence: Ne meahte nān mann tecnāwan hwelcre mægðe hē wǣre ("Nobody could tell what tribe he was," literally "Couldn't nobody tell what tribe he was").
• Old English has negative concord, meaning one negative does not cancel out another. Double, triple, and quadruple negatives are very common: Ne sċolde iċ nǣfre nānum menn nāwiht ("I've never owed anything to anyone," literally "I never not owed no one nothing").
• In a few verbs beginning with a vowel, h, or w, ne actually fuses with the verb, creating nesan (“to not be”), nabban (“to not have”), nyllan (“to not want”), nytan (“to not know”), and nāgan (“to not own”). In the West Saxon dialect (the dialect of most surviving texts and sometimes referred to as "standard" Old English), the contracted forms are the norm, while in other dialects the uncontracted forms ne wesan, ne habban, etc. are also common.

Conjunction

ne

1. (in negative phrases) or, and not (optionally translated as "nor")

   Þurh þissa þinga ġehāt sind cumene tō anwealde unmenn. Ac hīe lēogaþ, ne ġelǣstaþ hīe þæt ġehāt, ne hīe nǣfre nyllaþ!

   By the promise of these things, brutes have risen to power. But they lie, they do not fulfill that promise, and they never will!

   • c. 996, Ælfric's Lives of Saints

     Sē enġel him cwæþ tō, "Ne cyss þū mīne fēt, ne þū mē ne hrepe."

     The angel said to him, "Don't kiss my feet, and don't touch me."

   • late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of The Consolation of Philosophy

     Nān mann hine ne cann, ne hē nānne mann ne furðum þæt ġeþēode.

     No one knows him, and he doesn't know anyone or even the language.

2. ne... ne... is used to mean "[not...] or..." (optionally translated as "neither... nor...")

   Iċ næbbe ne frīend ne fīend. Wrace iċ hæbbe.

   I don't have friends or enemies. I have revenge.

   • c. 995, Ælfric, Excerptiones de Arte Grammatica Anglice

     Neutrum is nāþor cyn, ne werlīces ne wīflīces...

     Neuter is neither gender, neither masculine, nor feminine...

Usage notes

• In the phrase "[not...] or...", ne is often used consecutively for "or", stacking with the ne negating the following verb: Iċ nāt ne ne rēċe hwelċes cynnes fugol hit sīe, hit is mīn frēond ("I don't know or care what kind of bird it is, it's my friend").

Descendants

• Middle English: ne, ny, ni (rare)
  • English: ne (obsolete)
  • Scots: ne (obsolete)

Old French

Etymology 1

From Latin nōn.

Alternative forms

• nen (poetic, before vowels)

Adverb

ne

1. not; used to form negative constructions

Descendants

• French: ne

Etymology 2

From Latin nec.

Conjunction

ne

1. neither (not one or the other)
   • c. 1180, Chrétien de Troyes, Lancelot ou le Chevalier de la charrette:

     A lor seignor gaires n’antendent
     Ne les serors ne li cinc frere

     They didn't listen to their father
     Neither the sisters nor the five brothers

Descendants

• French: ni

Old Frisian

Alternative forms

• ni

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *ne (“not”). Cognates include Old English ne and Old Saxon ne.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ne/

Adverb

ne

1. not

Descendants

• North Frisian:

  Heligoland: ni

Conjunction

ne

1. nor

Particle

ne

1. no

Synonyms

• nā

References

• Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009), An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN

Old Saxon

Alternative forms

• ni

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *ne.

Adverb

ne

1. not

Descendants

• Middle Low German: ne, en

Old Tupi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈnɛ/
• Rhymes: -e

Pronoun

ne

1. (rare) alternative form of nde
   • 1555, Joseph of Anchieta, chapter X, in Arte de grammatica da lingoa mais vſada na coſta do Braſil (overall work in Portuguese), Coimbra: Antonio de Mariz, published 1595, page 41v:

     Nérúbamo xerecóu

     [Ne rubamo xe rekóû]

     I am your father

     (literally, “In the condition of your father I am”)

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• 𑀦𑁂 (Brahmi script)
• ने (Devanagari script)
• নে (Bengali script)
• නෙ (Sinhalese script)
• နေ or ၼေ (Burmese script)
• เน (Thai script)
• ᨶᩮ (Tai Tham script)
• ເນ (Lao script)
• នេ (Khmer script)
• 𑄚𑄬 (Chakma script)

Adjective

ne

1. accusative plural masculine of na (“those”)

Pronoun

ne

1. accusative plural of na (“them, those”)

Phuthi

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-nàì.

Adjective

-ne

1. four

Inflection

Adjective concord, tone L

	modifier	copulative
1st singular	legimune	gimune
2nd singular	lomune	umune
1st plural	lesibane	sibane
2nd plural	lelibane	libane
class 1	lamune	mhune
class 2	labane	bhane
class 3	lomune	mhune
class 4	lemine	mhine
class 5	leline	lhine
class 6	lamane	mhane
class 7	lesine	ssine
class 8	letine	ttine
class 9	lene	yhine
class 10	letine	ttine
class 14	lobune	bhune
class 15	lokune	kkune
class 17	lokune	kkune

Polish

Pronunciation

• (Lesser Poland):
  • (Podegrodzie) IPA^(key): [ˈnɛ]
  • (Przemyśl) IPA^(key): [ˈnɛ]

Etymology 1

Onomatopoeic.

Interjection

ne

1. (Przemyśl) used to call cows and calves

Etymology 2

See na.

Interjection

ne

1. (Podegrodzie) alternative form of na (“take it”)

Further reading

• Aleksander Saloni (1899), “ne”, in “Lud wiejski w okolicy Przeworska”, in M. Arct, E. Lubowski, editors, Wisła : miesięcznik gieograficzno-etnograficzny‎^[36] (in Polish), volume 13, Warsaw: Artur Gruszecki, page 241
• Karol Mátyás (1891), “ne”, in “Słowniczek gwary ludu zamieszkującego wschodnio-południową najbliższą okolicę Nowego Sącza”, in Sprawozdania Komisyi Językowej Akademii Umiejętności (in Polish), volume 4, Kraków: Drukarnia Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, page 325

Potawatomi

Etymology

Cognate to Ojibwe na, ina. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nɛ/ [nɛ]

Particle

ne

1. yes/no question marker

   Gda-Bodwéwadmim ne.

   Can you (singular) speak Potawatomi?

Usage notes

Must appear after the first word in a sentence

Derived terms

• gwitké ne

Rawang

Picture dictionary

ne

dv̀nggvng

nezø̀m

netong

ne

shvná

shvnávn

dvtøp

mvká

nònggøp

nítǿl

mvká

Click on labels in the image.

---

góng

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mjək. Cognate to Drung meq.

Noun

ne

1. eye.

Romanian

Alternative forms

• нє (pre-1860s Cyrillic form)

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin nīs, from Latin nos. Compare nă (old form) and Aromanian nã.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ne/

• Audio:

  (file)

Pronoun

ne (unstressed accusative and reflexive form of noi)

1. (direct object, first-person plural) us

   El ne urmează.

   He's following us.

Related terms

• noi (stressed accusative)

Pronoun

ne (unstressed dative and reflexive form of noi)

1. (indirect object) (to) us

   Ele ne dau cadouri.

   They give us presents.

Related terms

• nouă (stressed dative)

See also

• ne-

Romanian personal pronouns

number	person		nominative	accusative	dative	accusative	dative
				stressed		unstressed
singular
	1st		eu	mine	mie	mă	îmi
	2nd		tu, dumneata1, dumneavoastră2	tine, dumneata1, dumneavoastră2	ție, dumitale1, dumneavoastră2	te, vă2	îți, vă2
	3rd	m	el, dumnealui2	e, dumnealui2	lui, dumnealui2	îl	îi
		f	ea, dumneaei2		ei, dumneaei2	o
plural
	1st		noi		nouă	ne
	2nd		voi, dumneavoastră2		vouă, dumneavoastră2	vă
	3rd	m	ei, dumnealor2		lor, dumnealor2	îi	le
		f	ele, dumnealor2			le

¹ Semi-polite.
² Polite.

Sakao

Noun

ne

1. axe

References

• Benjamin Touati, Description du sakao, langue océanienne du nord-est Santo (Vanuatu) (2014)
• Darrell T. Tryon, New Hebrides languages: an internal classification (1976)
• J. B. M. Guy, A grammar of the northern dialect of Sakao (1974)

Sarawak Malay

Etymology

Apheretic form of sine.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ne/

Pronoun

ne

1. which

   Ne ko mok?

   Which one do you want?

Adverb

ne

1. where, which

   Ne tuju kau tek?

   Where did you go?

2. (colloquial, in some contexts only) not, doesn't (negates meaning of verb).

   Ne ada aku bulak!

   There's no way that I lied!

Saterland Frisian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nə/
• Hyphenation: ne

Article

ne

1. Form of of n used before feminine adjectives

   Dät is n Gous. Ne grieze Gous. ― That's a goose. A grey goose.

Scots

Etymology

From Middle English ne, from Old English ne, from Proto-Germanic *ne, from Proto-Indo-European *né.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /neɪ/, /nɛ/, /nə/, /n(ː)/

Adverb

ne

1. (archaic, rare) Not.

   Ne look at the sky, when ye tread bumpy roads.

   (please add an English translation of this usage example)

   (A Northern English folk saying)

   • 1513, Gavin Douglas, The Aeneid (translation):

     To suffir exile he said that he ne couth.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 1513, Gavin Douglas, The Aeneid (translation):

     I ne ask na land, nor realm.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Conjunction

ne

1. (archaic, rare) Nor.

   Ne mother, ne father, ne friends, ne foes ne-knew what had worthen of him.

   (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Usage notes

• Ne is a negative particle and it is used preverbally, i.e. it is placed directly before a verb, for example,ː"What haps might chance me I ne knew" (William Fowler (makar), 1590) and "To suffer exile he said that he ne couth" (Gavin Douglas, Virgil's Aeneid, 1513). Now archaic and chiefly dialectal, it is still understood and used by a few rural speakers in Scotland and Northern England.
• As a conjunction, it is placed immediately before the word it negates as inː ne mickle, ne little; Twas ne man, ne woman.. ne beast; ne rich, ne poor, ne bold, ne meek, ne stong, ne weak can escape God's wrath.
• In urban areas and cities became displaced by na or nae.

Further reading

• “ne”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC.

Serbo-Croatian

Serbo-Croatian phrasebook

This entry is part of the phrasebook project, which presents criteria for inclusion based on utility, simplicity and commonness.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ne/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *ne, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ne, from Proto-Indo-European *né.

Particle

ne (Cyrillic spelling не)

1. not (denoting negation)

   ne znam ― I don't know

   on je ne samo darovit, već i jako marljiv ― he is not only talented, but also very industrious

   htio-ne htio ― whether you want it or not

   da ne spavaš? / ne spavaš li? / zar ne spavaš? ― aren't you sleeping?

   ne mogu, a da ne… ― I cannot but…

   reći ne ― to say no; refuse, decline

   ne manje nego/od… ― no less than…

   ne doći ― to fail to come, not come

   … Zar ne? ― … Aren't you? (Isn't it?, Do you?, Don't you?)

   neću ― I won't

Interjection

ne (Cyrillic spelling не)

1. no

   Jesi li demokrat? Ne! ― Are you a democrat? No!

Synonyms

• jok (dialectal)

Antonyms

• da

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nàsъ. Cognates include Macedonian нѐ (nè) and Bulgarian ни (ni).

Alternative forms

• nas (standard)

Pronoun

ne ? (Cyrillic spelling не)

1. (Torlakian) us (short accusative plural of ja (“I”))

Usage notes

• Not all forms of Torlakian use the pronoun ne, some instead use ni.

References

• Radmila Žugić, Rečnik govora jablaničkog kraja, Institut za srpski jezik SANU, Beograd, 2005. page 227
• Ljubisav Ćirić, Govori Ponišavlja, Institut za srpski jezik SANU, Beograd, 1999. page 127

Skou

Pronoun

ne

1. we

   Ne fu.

   We saw her.

References

• Donohue, Mark. A Grammar of the Skou Language of New Guinea (2004).

Slovak

Alternative forms

• ich

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɲe/, [ˈɲe]
• Rhymes: -e

Pronoun

ne

1. accusative of ony

Usage notes

Used after prepositions.

Slovene

Slovene phrasebook

This entry is part of the phrasebook project, which presents criteria for inclusion based on utility, simplicity and commonness.

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *ne, from Proto-Indo-European *né.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nɛ́/, /nɛ/

Particle

nȅ

1. not (negates meaning of verb)
2. no (expresses disapproval, disagreement)

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “no”): dà, já

Further reading

• “ne”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2026

Southern Ndebele

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-nàì.

Adjective

-ne

1. four

Inflection

This adjective needs an inflection-table template.

Sumerian

Romanization

ne

1. romanization of 𒉈

Swazi

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-nàì.

Adjective

-ne

1. four

Inflection

Adjective concord, tone L

	modifier	copulative
1st singular	lengimune	ngimune
2nd singular	lomune	umune
1st plural	lesibane	sibane
2nd plural	lenibane	nibane
class 1	lomune	mune
class 2	labane	bane
class 3	lomune	mune
class 4	lemine	mine
class 5	leline	line
class 6	lamane	mane
class 7	lesine	sine
class 8	letine	tine
class 9	lene	ine
class 10	letine	tine
class 11	lolune	lune
class 14	lobune	bune
class 15	lokune	kune
class 17	lokune	kune

Tagalog

Etymology 1

Compare Ilocano ne, Kapampangan ne, and Japanese ね (ne).

Alternative forms

• ane
• hana
• hane — Rizal, Quezon
• hani

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈne/ [ˈn̪ɛ]
• Rhymes: -e
• Syllabification: ne

Particle

ne (Baybayin spelling ᜈᜒ) (dialectal, Bataan, Nueva Ecija, Rizal, tag question)

1. Sentence-final question marker particle indicating emphasis and asking for confirmation: right?; eh?; isn't it, innit?

   Synonyms: 'no, 'di ba, ano

   Tapos magkikita tayo sa bahay ni Aling Neneng, ne?

   Afterwards, we'll see each other at Ms. Neneng's house, am I right?

   Maligo ka na, ne?

   Take a bath, alright?

See also

• ha

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈneʔ/ [ˈn̪ɛʔ]
• Rhymes: -eʔ
• Syllabification: ne

Noun

nê (Baybayin spelling ᜈᜒ)

1. clipping of ine

Further reading

• “hane”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, 2018
• Serrano Laktaw, Pedro (1914), Diccionario tagálog-hispano (overall work in Tagalog and Spanish), Intramuros, Manila: Ateneo de Manila., page 298
• Noceda, Fr. Juan José de; Sanlucar, Fr. Pedro de (1860), Vocabulario de la lengua tagala, compuesto por varios religiosos doctos y graves, y coordinado por…, ultimamente aumentado y corregido por varios religiosos de la Orden de Agustinos calzados. (overall work in Spanish and Classical Tagalog), Manila: Ramírez y Giraudier., page 136
• Santos, Fr. Domingo de los (1835), Vocabulario de la lengua Tagala, primera y segunda parte. En la primera, se pone primero el Castellano, y despues el Tagalo. Y en la segunda al contrario, que son las raíces simples con sus acentos.‎^[37] (overall work in Spanish and Classical Tagalog), Manila: La Imprenta nueva de D. José María Dayot, por Tomás Oliva.
• San Buena Ventura, Fr. Pedro de (1613), Vocabulario de lengua tagala. El romance castellano puesto primero. Primera, y segunda parte.‎^[38] (overall work in Early Modern Spanish and Classical Tagalog), as directed by Gov. Gen. Juan de Silva, Pila, Laguna: La noble Villa de Pila, por Tomás Pinpin y Domingo Loag., page 292: “Entiendes) Hani (pc) [aba naman] cundi mo aco caling̃ain hani? que ſera demi ſino tienes cuenta comigo entiendes? cun baga maymaalaala ca hani? ſi ſete acordare algo entiendes?”

Anagrams

• en

Ternate

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /neː/

Determiner

ne

1. (proximal) this, these

   namo ne ― this chicken

Pronoun

ne

1. (demonstrative) this

   ngori tomau ne ― I want this

   ne foke ― this is a cockroach

References

• Rika Hayami-Allen (2001), A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Tongan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ne/

Particle

ne

2. Used before a predicate to mark a past tense/aspect construction.

   Ne lea ʻa Pita. ― Peter spoke.

Usage notes

Ne may be used instead of naʻe or naʻa, provided that it cannot be confused with the pronoun ne:

Naʻe lea ʻa Pita. ― Peter spoke.

Naʻa ne lea. ― He spoke.

Pronoun

ne

2. (preposed) he, she, it, occasionally they in reference to inanimate objects

   Ne ne lea. ― He spoke.

References

• Churchward, C. Maxwell (1985), Tongan Grammar, Vavaʻu Press, →ISBN, G.7.1–3, 9; 16.13(ii); 19.1, 2, 7, 8; 29.63
• Churchward, C. Maxwell (1959), “ne”, in Tongan dictionary: Tongan-English and English-Tongan, London, England: Oxford University Press, →OCLC, page 376

Turkish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nɛ/

• Audio:

  (file)

Etymology 1

From Ottoman Turkish نه (ne, “what, whatever, how”), from Old Anatolian Turkish نَه (ne, “what”), from Proto-Turkic *nē- (“what”).

Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰤𐰀 (n²a /⁠nä⁠/, “what, which”), Karakhanid نا (ne), Old Uyghur [script needed] (ne), Azerbaijani nə, Salar neñ, Bashkir ни (niy), Chuvash мӗн (mĕn) (metathesis < *ne-me), Kazakh не (ne), Khakas ниме (nime), Kyrgyz не (ne), Tatar ни (ni), Turkmen nǟmä, Tuvan чүү (çüü), Uyghur نېمە (nëme), Uzbek nima.

Pronoun

ne

1. what

   Ne istiyorsun? ― What do you want?

2. whatever

   Ne istersen yaparım. ― I will do whatever you want.

3. (colloquial) why

   Sen ne geldin buraya şimdi? ― Why did you come here now?

Usage notes

Ne meaning why is often used to convey hostility, annoyance, disrespect etc.

Declension

Declension of ne

singular plural nominative ne neler definite accusative neyi neleri dative neye nelere locative nede nelerde ablative neden nelerden genitive neyin nelerin Possessive forms nominative singular plural 1st singular neyim nelerim 2nd singular neyin nelerin 3rd singular neyi neleri 1st plural neyimiz nelerimiz 2nd plural neyiniz neleriniz 3rd plural neleri neleri definite accusative singular plural 1st singular neyimi nelerimi 2nd singular neyini nelerini 3rd singular neyini nelerini 1st plural neyimizi nelerimizi 2nd plural neyinizi nelerinizi 3rd plural nelerini nelerini dative singular plural 1st singular neyime nelerime 2nd singular neyine nelerine 3rd singular neyine nelerine 1st plural neyimize nelerimize 2nd plural neyinize nelerinize 3rd plural nelerine nelerine locative singular plural 1st singular neyimde nelerimde 2nd singular neyinde nelerinde 3rd singular neyinde nelerinde 1st plural neyimizde nelerimizde 2nd plural neyinizde nelerinizde 3rd plural nelerinde nelerinde ablative singular plural 1st singular neyimden nelerimden 2nd singular neyinden nelerinden 3rd singular neyinden nelerinden 1st plural neyimizden nelerimizden 2nd plural neyinizden nelerinizden 3rd plural nelerinden nelerinden genitive singular plural 1st singular neyimin nelerimin 2nd singular neyinin nelerinin 3rd singular neyinin nelerinin 1st plural neyimizin nelerimizin 2nd plural neyinizin nelerinizin 3rd plural nelerinin nelerinin Predicative forms singular plural 1st singular neyim nelerim 2nd singular nesin nelersin 3rd singular ne nedir neler nelerdir 1st plural neyiz neleriz 2nd plural nesiniz nelersiniz 3rd plural neler nelerdir

Related terms

• nasıl
• ne denli
• ne gibi
• nece
• neden
• neli
• nere
• nesi
• nesiz
• nesne
• netekim
• neyse
• nice
• niçin
• nitelik
• niye

Adverb

ne

1. what, how, such

   Ne güzel! ― How beautiful!

   Ne güzel bir gün! ― What a beautiful day!

2. Used as an intensifier to express surprise, astonishment, together with expressions like be!, ha!.

   Ne osurdun be! ― You farted such (that probably the whole world heard it).

Etymology 2

From Ottoman Turkish نه (ne, “neither; nor”), from Persian نه (na). Cognate to Old English ne (“not”).

Conjunction

ne ... ne ...

1. neither; nor

   Ne bu ne şu ― Neither this nor that

Usage notes

• Not used alone but rather as ne...ne..., the way it is used is directly copied from Persian نه...نه...(“neither; nor”).

Antonyms

• ... de... de, ... da... da

Etymology 3

Noun

ne

1. The name of the Latin script letter N/n.

See also

• (Latin-script letter names) harf; a, be, ce, çe, de, e, fe, ge, yumuşak ge, he, ı, i, je, ke, le, me, ne, o, ö, pe, re, se, şe, te, u, ü, ve, ye, ze

Tuvaluan

Particle

ne

1. past tense marker, inserted immediately before the relevant verb

Ura (Vanuatu)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ne/, [ne]

Noun

ne

1. water
2. river

Further reading

• Terry Crowley, Ura: A Disappearing Language of Southern Vanuatu (1999)

Votic

Pronunciation

• (Luutsa, Liivčülä) IPA^(key): /ˈne/, [ˈnʲe]
• (Jõgõperä) IPA^(key): /ˈne/, [ˈne]
• (Central Votic) IPA^(key): /ˈne/, [ˈne]
• (Eastern Votic) IPA^(key): /ˈne/, [ˈne]
• Rhymes: -e
• Hyphenation: ne

Pronoun

ne

1. alternative form of need

References

• Hallap, V.; Adler, E.; Grünberg, S.; Leppik, M. (2012), “ne”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language]‎^[39], 2nd edition, Tallinn

Welsh

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /neː/

Noun

ne

1. nasal mutation of de

Mutation

Mutated forms of de

radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
de	dde	ne	unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

West Makian

Etymology

Likely cognate with Ternate ne (“this”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /n̪e/

Determiner

ne

1. (proximal) this, these

   Synonyms: mene, nema

   Antonym: ma

   pala ne ilamo ― this house is large

   nudupe de ngeu ne ― throw away these leftovers

References

• Clemens Voorhoeve (1982), The Makian languages and their neighbours‎^[40], Pacific linguistics

Wolaytta

Proper noun

ne m or f by sense

1. (transitive) to you (to address (a person) using the pronoun you (in the past, especially to use you rather than thou, when you was considered more formal))
2. (indefinite personal pronoun) you (anyone, one; an unspecified individual or group of individuals (as subject or object))

Xhosa

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-nàì.

Adjective

-ne

1. four

Inflection

Adjective concord, tone L

	modifier		copulative
	positive	negative	positive	negative
1st singular	endimne	endingemne	ndimne	andimne
2nd singular	omne	ongemne	umne	awumne
1st plural	esibane	esingebane	sibane	asibane
2nd plural	enibane	eningebane	nibane	anibane
class 1	omne	ongemne	mne	akamne
class 2	abane	abangebane	bane	ababane
class 3	omne	ongemne	mne	awumne
class 4	emine	engemine	mine	ayimine
class 5	eline	elingeline	line	aliline
class 6	amane	angemane	mane	awamane
class 7	esine	esingesine	sine	asisine
class 8	ezine	ezingezine	zine	azizine
class 9	ene	engene	ine	ayiyine
class 10	ezine	ezingezine	zine	azizine
class 11	olune	olungelune	lune	alulune
class 14	obune	obungebune	bune	abubune
class 15	okune	okungekune	kune	akukune
class 17	okune	okungekune	kune	akukune

Yup'ik

Noun

ne (absolutive ena)

1. house

Zou

Etymology

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *nee.

Pronunciation 1

• IPA^(key): [něː]
• Hyphenation: ne

Verb

ne̋ (stem II ne̋h)

1. (transitive) to eat

Derived terms

• ane̋

Pronunciation 2

• IPA^(key): [nêː]
• Hyphenation: ne

Noun

nȅ

1. lip

References

• Philip Thangliènmâng (2010), Minimal dictionary and Self-tutor Functional Grammar in Zo-English-Hindi, New Delhi: Zoculsin, →ISBN, page 21; 89
• Lukram Himmat Singh (2013), A Descriptive Grammar of Zou (PhD thesis), Canchipur: Manipur University, pages 40-41

Zulu

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-nàì.

Adjective

-ne

1. four

Inflection

Adjective concord, tone L

	modifier		copulative
	positive	negative	positive	negative
1st singular	engimune	engingemune	ngimune	angimune
2nd singular	omune	ongemune	umune	awumune
1st plural	esibane	esingebane	sibane	asibane
2nd plural	enibane	eningebane	nibane	anibane
class 1	omune	ongemune	mune	akamune
class 2	abane	abangebane	bane	ababane
class 3	omune	ongemune	mune	awumune
class 4	emine	engemine	mine	ayimine
class 5	eline	elingeline	line	aliline
class 6	amane	angemane	mane	awamane
class 7	esine	esingesine	sine	asisine
class 8	ezine	ezingezine	zine	azizine
class 9	ene	engene, engeyine	ine, yine	ayiyine
class 10	ezine	ezingezine	zine	azizine
class 11	olune	olungelune	lune	alulune
class 14	obune	obungebune	bune	abubune
class 15	okune	okungekune	kune	akukune
class 17	okune	okungekune	kune	akukune

Derived terms

• isine

References

• C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “-ne”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “-ne”