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呵

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 訶
呵 U+5475, 呵
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5475
← 呴
[U+5474] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 呶 →
[U+5476]

Translingual

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Han character

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呵 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+5, 8 strokes, Cangjie input 口一弓口 (RMNR), four-corner 61020, composition ⿰口可)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 183, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3459
  • Dae Jaweon: page 402, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 598, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+5475

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 呵

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (可) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
砢 *ɡ·raːlʔ
柯 *kaːl
菏 *kaːl, *ɡaːl
牁 *kaːl
滒 *kaːl
哥 *kaːl
歌 *kaːl
謌 *kaːl
鴚 *kaːl
哿 *kaːlʔ
舸 *kaːlʔ
笴 *kaːlʔ, *kaːnʔ
軻 *kʰaːl, *kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls
珂 *kʰaːl
可 *kʰaːlʔ
岢 *kʰaːlʔ
坷 *kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls
蚵 *kʰaːls, *ɡaːl
呵 *qʰaːl, *qʰaːls
訶 *qʰaːl
抲 *qʰaːl
荷 *qʰaːls, *ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ
何 *ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ
河 *ɡaːl
苛 *ɡaːl
魺 *ɡaːl
袔 *ɡaːls
阿 *qaːl
妸 *qaːl, *qaːlʔ
疴 *qaːl, *kʰraːls
鈳 *qaːl
娿 *qaːl, *qaːlʔ
痾 *qaːl
跒 *kʰraːlʔ
閜 *qʰraːlʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qʰaːl, *qʰaːls): semantic 口 + phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ).

Etymology

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Probably related to 呼 (OC *qʰaː, “to exhale, shout”); see there for more (STEDT).

Pronunciation 1

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Note:
  • ŏ̤ - literary;
  • hŏ̤ - vernacular (sound of laughter).
Note:
  • ho - literary;
  • o -vernaacular.
Rime
Character 呵
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
Final (韻) 歌 (94)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 虎何切
Baxter xa
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/hɑ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/hɑ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/xɑ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ha/
Li
Rong 		/xɑ/
Wang
Li 		/xɑ/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/xɑ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		hē
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ho1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 呵
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		hē
Middle
Chinese 		‹ xa ›
Old
Chinese 		/*qʰˁaj/
English scold

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 呵
Reading # 1/2
No. 7453
Phonetic
component 		可
Rime
group 		歌
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		訶
Old
Chinese 		/*qʰaːl/
Notes 同訶，又集韻笑、氣出，今字作哈

Definitions

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呵

  1. alternative form of 訶 / 诃 (hē, “to berate; to scold”)
  2. to shout; to cry out
  3. to cherish; to treasure; to protect
  4. (onomatopoeia) Sound of laughing.
    呵呵。  ―  Hēhē.  ―  Huh. (with falling pitch)
  5. Exclamation particle for expressing surprise.
  6. (dialectal) to smoke (tobacco)

Compounds

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Pronunciation 2

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Note:
  • hĕ̤ - vernacular;
  • hŏ̤ - literary.
Rime
Character 呵
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
Final (韻) 歌 (94)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 呼箇切
Baxter xaH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/hɑH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/hɑH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/xɑH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/haH/
Li
Rong 		/xɑH/
Wang
Li 		/xɑH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/xɑH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		hè
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ho3
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 呵
Reading # 2/2
No. 7456
Phonetic
component 		可
Rime
group 		歌
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		呵
Old
Chinese 		/*qʰaːls/

Definitions

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呵

  1. to expel breath; to slowly breathe out

Compounds

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Pronunciation 3

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Definitions

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呵

  1. Used in transcription.

Compounds

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Pronunciation 4

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Definitions

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呵

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 哈 (“to bend over”)

Pronunciation 5

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Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.

Definitions

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呵

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 啊 (exclamation particle)

Pronunciation 6

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Definitions

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呵

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 啊 (modal particle)

Pronunciation 7

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Definitions

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呵

  1. (dialectal) to cheat; to deceive

Pronunciation 8

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Definitions

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呵

  1. (Cantonese) alternative form of 嗬 (ho2)

Japanese

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Kanji

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呵

(Hyōgai kanji)

  1. to scold, to disapprove

Readings

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  • Go-on: か (ka)
  • Kan-on: か (ka)
  • Kun: しかる (shikaru, 呵る)、わらう (warau, 呵う)

Korean

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Hanja

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呵 (eum 가 (ga))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Tày

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Adjective

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呵 (cà)

  1. Nôm form of cà (“yonder”).
    鉗𱍭仍会𱐍地呵
    Ghiềm ngần nhằng hỏi dú ti̱ cà
    The silver ring still hanging there

Particle

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呵 (a; à)

  1. Nôm form of a (“alright, okay”).
    𱽗好𱻊帝鍾用呵
    Rầư hảo nghì đảy chung du̱ng a
    Whoever is righteous will be adorsed
  2. Nôm form of à (“Sound made during singing.”).
    𫠿蘭呵菊秋
    Dâng lan à cúc thu
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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呵: Hán Nôm readings: ha, há, hả, hà, khá, khà

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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