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怪

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 恠
怪 U+602A, 怪
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-602A
← 怩
[U+6029] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 怫 →
[U+602B]

Translingual

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Stroke order
8 strokes

Han character

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怪 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+5, 8 strokes, Cangjie input 心水土 (PEG), four-corner 97014, composition ⿰忄圣)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 382, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10483
  • Dae Jaweon: page 711, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2288, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+602A

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 怪
alternative forms 𢘪
恠

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (圣) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
怪 *kruːds
恠 *krɯːs
圣 *kʰuːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kruːds): semantic 忄 + phonetic 圣 (OC *kʰuːd).

Etymology

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怪 (OC *kwrêh; *kwêh) seemingly had the same OC rhyme as 傀 (OC *kûi); They may be variants (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • koài - literary;
  • kòe/kòa - vernacular.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 怪
Mandarin Beijing /kuai⁵¹/
Harbin /kuai⁵³/
Tianjin /kuai⁵³/
Jinan /kuɛ²¹/
Qingdao /kuɛ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /kuai³¹²/
Xi'an /kuai⁴⁴/
Xining /kuɛ²¹³/
Yinchuan /kuɛ¹³/
Lanzhou /kuɛ¹³/
Ürümqi /kuai²¹³/
Wuhan /kuai³⁵/
Chengdu /kuai¹³/
Guiyang /kuai²¹³/
Kunming /kuæ²¹²/
Nanjing /kuae⁴⁴/
/kuae²¹²/
Hefei /kue̞⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /kuai⁴⁵/
Pingyao /kuæ³⁵/
Hohhot /kuɛ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /kua³⁵/
Suzhou /kuɑ⁵¹³/
Hangzhou /kue̞⁴⁴⁵/
Wenzhou /ka⁴²/
Hui Shexian /kua³²⁴/
Tunxi /kua⁴²/
Xiang Changsha /kuai⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /kuai⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /kuai⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /kuai⁵³/
Taoyuan /kuɑi⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kwai³³/
Nanning /kʷai³³/
Hong Kong /kwai³³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kuai²¹/
/kue²¹/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kuɑi²¹²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /kuɛ³³/
Shantou (Teochew) /kuai²¹³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /kuai³⁵/
/kɔi³⁵/
Rime
Character 怪
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 皆 (34)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) II
Fanqie 古壞切
Baxter kweajH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kˠuɛiH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kʷᵚæiH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kuɐiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kwəɨjH/
Li
Rong 		/kuɛiH/
Wang
Li 		/kwɐiH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/kwăiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		guài
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gwaai3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 怪
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		guài
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kwɛjH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[k]ʷˁrə-s/
English extraordinary

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 怪
Reading # 1/1
No. 7501
Phonetic
component 		圣
Rime
group 		隊
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		怪
Old
Chinese 		/*kruːds/

Definitions

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怪

  1. strange; odd; unusual; peculiar; out of the ordinary; weird; queer
    很怪的人  ―  hěn guài de rén  ―  very weird person
    味道有點怪。／味道有点怪。  ―  Wèidào yǒudiǎn guài.  ―  It tastes funny.
  2. amazed; astonished
  3. to blame someone; to put the blame on
    別怪他。／别怪他。  ―  Bié guài tā.  ―  Don't blame him.
  4. (colloquial) quite; rather
  5. (mythology, suffix) short for 怪物 (guàiwu) or short for 妖怪 (yāoguài), suffix for a monster associated with a particular thing
  6. (video games) short for 怪物 (guàiwu, “monster, a non-player character that player(s) fight against in role-playing games”)
    打怪  ―  dǎguài  ―  to fight against monsters
    刷怪  ―  shuāguài  ―  to spawn monsters
  7. (slang, suffix) short for 怪物 (guàiwu, “monster”) Often used affectionately for people of a trait.
    嚶嚶怪／嘤嘤怪  ―  yīngyīngguài  ―  a person who likes to act cute and use 嚶嚶
    白嫖怪  ―  báipiáoguài  ―  a person who supports another idol or creator but doesn't make any expenditure to them

Synonyms

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  • (strange):
  • (amazed):
  • (to blame):
  • (quite):
Dialectal synonyms of 很 (“very”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 甚, 孔
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 很, 非常, 十分
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 挺, 很, 倍兒, 怪
Taiwan 很, 好, 非常, 超, 超級, 真
Harbin 嘎嘎
Malaysia 很, 西北
Singapore 很, 非常
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 挺, 很, 傻, 老, 倍兒, 齁兒
Weifang (Weicheng) 綦, 真
Jinan 挺, 楞
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 很
Xi'an 很
Xuzhou 很
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 很, 好
Chongqing 很
Chongqing (Changshou) 很, 好
Wuhan 蠻, 很
Guilin 好
Liuzhou 好
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 很
Yangzhou 蠻, 稀, 很
Hefei 很
Cantonese Guangzhou 好, 非常之
Hong Kong 好, 非常, 非常之, 超, 勁, 十分之, 無敵
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 好
Taishan 好, 十分之
Yangjiang 好
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 好
Singapore (Guangfu) 好, 非常之, 非常
Gan Nanchang 蠻
Hakka Meixian 好, 刮, 已, 還
Huidong (Daling) 好
Wuhua (Meilin) 好
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 頂
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 好
Changting 野
Wuping (Pingyu) 已, 刮
Liancheng 樣
Ninghua 好
Ruijin 蠻
Shicheng 蠻
Shangyou (Shexi) 蠻
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 當, 已, 還
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 蓋, 盡, 還
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 當, 盡, 已, 還
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 當, 已, 還
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 當, 已, 還
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 足, 真, 實在
Hong Kong 好
Sabah (Bao'an) 好
Kuching (Hepo) 很
Singapore (Dabu) 好
Jin Taiyuan 很, 挺
Northern Min Jian'ou 盡
Eastern Min Fuzhou 野, 真
Singapore (Fuqing) 真
Sitiawan (Gutian) 真
Southern Min Xiamen 真, 野, 誠, 有夠, 萬代, 死人, 非常, 真正, 設汰, 一
Xiamen (Tong'an) 真
Quanzhou 真, 野, 誠, 有夠, 萬代, 死人, 設汰
Jinjiang 野, 萬代
Zhangzhou 盡, 蓋, 足, 足範, 有夠, 出奇, 極死, 見死, 死了了, 死人, 設汰, 設汰仔
Zhao'an 很, 真, 死絕, 好, 非常
Dongshan 真, 非常
Taipei 真, 誠
New Taipei (Sanxia) 真, 誠
Kaohsiung 有夠, 足, 真, 誠, 蓋
Yilan 有夠, 足, 誠, 盡
Changhua (Lukang) 真, 誠
Taichung 誠, 蓋, 足
Tainan 有夠, 足, 真, 誠, 蓋
Hsinchu 真, 誠
Kinmen 足, 誠
Penghu (Magong) 真, 誠
Penang (Hokkien) 真, 誠, 真正
Klang (Hokkien) 野
Singapore (Hokkien) 真, 死爸, 真正, 誠, 足, 有夠
Manila (Hokkien) 野, 真, 萬代, 真誠, 誠, 有夠
Medan (Hokkien) 按呢, 真, 誠, 真正
Chaozhou 過, 好, 非常, 死爸
Shantou 過, 鐵, 好, 很, 死爸, 死絕
Shantou (Chenghai) 好, 死絕
Shantou (Chaoyang) 好, 非常
Jieyang 過, 好, 死爸, 死絕
Bangkok (Teochew) 好
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 好
Singapore (Teochew) 真, 死爸, 非常
Wenchang 極, 但顧, 真
Haikou 但顧
Qionghai 但顧, 真
Singapore (Hainanese) 但顧, 真
Puxian Min Putian 煞, 絕, 滿定, 盡力篤, 若何, 連天, 裂地, 萬靆
Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) 確傷
Xianyou 煞, 絕, 滿定, 盡力篤, 盡篤, 若何, 一貢, 連天, 裂地
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 好, 蠻
Wu Shanghai 蠻, 老, 邪氣, 老老, 瞎, 絕, 十分, 十二萬分, 非常, 非常之, 畢, 畢畢, 來得, 來得個, 煞, 交關, 十二分 rare, 窮 dated, 野 dated, 邪 dated
Shanghai (Songjiang) 蠻, 交關
Shanghai (Jiading) 蠻, 交關
Shanghai (Chongming) 蠻, 交關
Suzhou 蠻, 窮, 交關
Danyang 蠻, 交關
Hangzhou 蠻, 交關, 木佬佬, 冒
Shaoxing 蠻, 蠻蠻, 呆呆, 交關
Ningbo 交關, 蠻, 堪, 𣍐好, 𣍐派, 甮派, 出格, 木牢牢 rare, 猛 rare
Zhoushan 交關, 蠻, 猛, 堪, 出格, 木牢牢 rare
Wenzhou 蠻, 蒙, 顯
Xiang Changsha 很, 蠻
Shuangfeng 蠻

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (怪):
  • → Japanese: 怪(かい) (kai)
  • → Vietnamese: quái (怪)

References

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  • “怪”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
  • 李如龙 [Lǐ Rúlóng]; 刘福铸 [Liú Fúzhù]; 吴华英 [Wú Huáyīng]; 黄国城 [Huáng Guóchéng] (2019), “怪”, in 《莆仙方言调查报告》 [Investigation Report on the Puxian Topolect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), 厦门大学出版社 [Xiamen University Press], →ISBN, page 156.

Japanese

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Kanji

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怪

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. mysterious

Readings

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Compounds

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Kanji in this term
怪
かい
Grade: S
on'yomi

Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 怪 (kwɛjH).

Pronunciation

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Affix

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怪(かい) • (kai) ←くわい (kwai)?

  1. strange; suspicious
  2. mysterious; wonderful
  3. extraordinary; unusual

Noun

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怪(かい) • (kai) ←くわい (kwai)?

  1. strangeness

References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 怪 (MC kweajH).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

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  • (in 怪怪, 怪常, 怪惡, 怪異 and 怪歎):
  • (strange; odd; unusual; peculiar):
    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kwe̞(ː)] ~ [kø̞(ː)]
    • Phonetic hangul: [궤(ː)/괴(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

怪 (eumhun 괴이할 괴 (goeihal goe))

  1. hanja form? of 괴 (“strange; odd; unusual; peculiar”)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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怪: Hán Nôm readings: quái

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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