坷

坷	U+5777, 坷 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5777

Translingual

Han character

坷 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+5, 8 strokes, Cangjie input 土一弓口 (GMNR), four-corner 4112₀, composition ⿰土可)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 226, character 38
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4994
Dae Jaweon: page 462, character 16
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 429, character 16
Unihan data for U+5777

Chinese

simp. and trad.		坷

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (可) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
砢	*ɡ·raːlʔ
柯	*kaːl
菏	kaːl, ɡaːl
牁	*kaːl
滒	*kaːl
哥	*kaːl
歌	*kaːl
謌	*kaːl
鴚	*kaːl
哿	*kaːlʔ
舸	*kaːlʔ
笴	kaːlʔ, kaːnʔ
軻	kʰaːl, kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls
珂	*kʰaːl
可	*kʰaːlʔ
岢	*kʰaːlʔ
坷	kʰaːlʔ, kʰaːls
蚵	kʰaːls, ɡaːl
呵	qʰaːl, qʰaːls
訶	*qʰaːl
抲	*qʰaːl
荷	qʰaːls, ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ
何	ɡaːl, ɡaːlʔ
河	*ɡaːl
苛	*ɡaːl
魺	*ɡaːl
袔	*ɡaːls
阿	*qaːl
妸	qaːl, qaːlʔ
疴	qaːl, kʰraːls
鈳	*qaːl
娿	qaːl, qaːlʔ
痾	*qaːl
跒	*kʰraːlʔ
閜	*qʰraːlʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls): semantic 土 + phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kě (ke³)

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄜˇ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ho²

(Taishan, Wiktionary): ho²
Eastern Min (BUC): kó̤
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): kor³
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): khóⁿ / khó / khia̍t

(Teochew, Peng'im): ko¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: kě
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄜˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kě
  - Wade–Giles: kʻo³
  - Yale: kě
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kee
  - Palladius: кэ (kɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɤ²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: ho²
  - Yale: hó
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ho²
  - Guangdong Romanization: ho²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔː³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: ho²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hᵘɔ⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: kó̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɔ²¹³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: kor³
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: kô̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɒ⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: kor³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɒ³³²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khóⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: khónn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qvor
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔ̃⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khó
  - Tâi-lô: khó
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qoir
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰo⁵³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khia̍t
  - Tâi-lô: khia̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qiat
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰiɛt̚⁴/

Note: khia̍t - 碣 is used in the Mainland.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ko¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kho
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰo³³/

Middle Chinese: khaX, khaH

Rime
Character	坷	坷
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	歌 (94)	歌 (94)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	枯我切	口箇切
Baxter	khaX	khaH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰɑ^X/	/kʰɑ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰɑ^X/	/kʰɑ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɑ^X/	/kʰɑ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰa^X/	/kʰa^H/
Li Rong	/kʰɑ^X/	/kʰɑ^H/
Wang Li	/kʰɑ^X/	/kʰɑ^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kʰɑ^X/	/kʰɑ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kě	kè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ho²	ho³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*kʰaːlʔ/, /*kʰaːls/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	坷	坷
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	7449	7450
Phonetic component	可	可
Rime group	歌	歌
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	可	坷
Old Chinese	/*kʰaːlʔ/	/*kʰaːls/

Definitions

坷

only used in 坎坷 (kǎnkě)

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kē (ke¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄜ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ho¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): ho²
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): kor¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: kē
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄜ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ke
  - Wade–Giles: kʻo¹
  - Yale: kē
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ke
  - Palladius: кэ (kɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɤ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: ho¹
  - Yale: hō
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ho¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: ho¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔː⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: ho²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hᵘɔ⁵⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: kor¹
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ko̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɒ⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: kor¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɒ⁵⁴⁴/

Definitions

坷

used in 坷垃 (kēlā)
A placename in ancient China.

References

“坷”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
William Campbell [甘為霖, Kam Ûi-lîm] (1913), A Dictionary of the Amoy Vernacular, Spoken Throughout the Prefectures of Chin-chiu, Chiang-chiu and Formosa (in Taiwanese Hokkien), Tainan: The Ho Tai Printing Factory, →OCLC; 《廈門音新字典》 (Ē-mn̂g Im Sin Jī-tián, “New Amoy Phonetic Character Dictionary”), 8th edition, Tainan: Taiwan Church Press, 1961, page 399
“坷”, in 《教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典》 [Ministry of Education Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Taiwanese Hokkien), 中華民國教育部 [Ministry of Education, R.O.C.], 2026.
莆田市荔城区档案馆 [The Archives of Licheng District, Putian City], editor (2022), “坷”, in 《莆仙方言文读字汇》 [A Character Collection of Literary Readings of the Puxian Topolect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 122.

Japanese

Kanji

坷

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

On (unclassified): か (ka)

Korean

Hanja

坷 (eum 가 (ga))

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Vietnamese

Han character

坷: Hán Nôm readings: kha, khá, khú

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation