na

See also: Appendix:Variations of "na"

Languages (137)

Translingual • English

---

Acehnese • Akan • Albanian • Anambé • Antigua and Barbuda Creole English • 'Are'are • Asturian • Awa-Cuaiquer • Bambara • Bangi • Beja • Blagar • Cameroon Pidgin • Catalan • Cavineña • Cebuano • Central Bikol • Central Huasteca Nahuatl • Chavacano • Chichewa • Chungli Ao • Czech • Dalmatian • Domari • Drung • Dutch • Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl • Esperanto • Galician • Gende • German • Guinea-Bissau Creole • Haida • Hamap • Hawaiian • Hungarian • Indonesian • Ingrian • Irish • Isoko • Jamaican Creole • Japanese • Kabuverdianu • Kapampangan • Karaim • Kasem • Kashubian • Kikuyu • Kilivila • Kusunda • Ladin • Ladino • Lakota • Latin • Lingala • Lotha Naga • Lower Sorbian • Lower Tanana • Luganda • Macanese • Malagasy • Mandarin • Mbongno • Middle Dutch • Momina • Momuna • Morori • Mpade • Neapolitan • Nigerian Pidgin • Northern Kurdish • Northern Ndebele • Northern Sami • Northern Sotho • Norwegian Nynorsk • Nǀuu • Ojibwe • Old Czech • Old English • Old Frisian • Old Irish • Old Polish • Old Tupi • Pali • Palula • Papiamentu • Phuthi • Polish • Portuguese • Potawatomi • Pumpokol • Purisimeño • Riantana • Romani • Romanian • Samoan • Sango • Scottish Gaelic • Serbo-Croatian • Shona • Sicilian • Silesian • Slovak • Slovene • Slovincian • Southern Ndebele • Spanish • Sranan Tongo • Sumerian • Sundanese • Swahili • Swazi • Swedish • Tagalog • Tày • Tok Pisin • Tooro • Turkish • Tzotzil • Unami • Venda • Venetan • Vietnamese • Welsh • West Ambae • Xhosa • Ye'kwana • Yola • Yoruba • Zaghawa • Zazaki • Zhuang • Zia • Zou • Zulu

---

Page categories

Translingual

Etymology

Clipping of English Nauruan or clipping of Nauruan Dorerin Naoero.

Symbol

na

1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Nauruan.

See also

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Nauruan terms

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nɑː/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɑː

Etymology 1

From Middle English na, from Old English nā, from Old English ne (“not”) + ā (“ever”). More at no.

Adverb

na (not comparable)

1. (obsolete) Not.
2. (obsolete) No.

Etymology 2

Development of Etymology 1, above; compare nah.

Interjection

na

1. (Geordie, Scotland) No.

   Na, yor wrang.

   Na, ye cannet watch telly.

   “Divn’t yee like milk?” “Na.”

References

• Frank Graham, editor (1987), “NA”, in The New Geordie Dictionary, Rothbury, Northumberland: Butler Publishing, →ISBN.
• Bill Griffiths, editor (2004), “na”, in A Dictionary of North East Dialect, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear: Northumbria University Press, →ISBN.

Etymology 3

Noun

na

1. (linguistics) Abbreviation of noun animate.

Etymology 4

Borrowed from Tagalog na.

Adverb

na (not comparable)

1. (Philippines, slang) Now; already.

   You need to sleep na.

   I have to go na.

Etymology 5

Borrowed from Hindi ना (nā).

Adverb

na (not comparable)

1. (North India, slang) Isn't it?

   It is far na?

See also

• nad
• ni
• nid
• nah
• na-na
• na-na na-na boo-boo
• na-adjective

References

• “na”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

Anagrams

• -an, A/N, AN, An, a(n), an, an', an-

Acehnese

Verb

na

1. to be (exist)

Derived terms

• nakeuh
• hana

Akan

Pronunciation

• (and)
  • (Asante) IPA^(key): /nà̙/

Etymology 1

Particle

nà (Twi)

1. (postpositive) Focus marker.

   Hwan na ɔyii Yesu maeɛ?

   Who was it that betrayed Jesus?

Etymology 2

Particle

ná (Twi) (phrase initial)

1. (with re-) introduces the past progressive of verbs

   Na meredidi. ― I was eating.

   1. used to, formerly and habitually or repeatedly, but possibly no longer, did.

Etymology 3

Conjunction

na (Twi)

1. and

Usage notes

Used for connecting clauses. For connecting noun phrases, use ne.

Albanian

Alternative forms

• ne, në

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *nō̆s (“we”).

Pronoun

na

1. (Gheg) we
2. us (accusative & dative clitic)

See also

Albanian personal pronouns

number	person		nominative	tonic		ablative	clitic
				accusative	dative		accusative	dative
singular
	1st		unë	mua		meje	më
	2nd		ti	ty		teje	të
	3rd	m	ai	atë	atij		e	i
		f	ajo		asaj
plural
	1st		ne		neve	nesh	na
	2nd		ju		juve	jush	ju
	3rd	m	ata		atyre		i	u
		f	ato

Anambé

Pronoun

na

1. you (second person singular)

References

• Maria Risolêta Silva Julião, L'expression de personne en Anambé du Cairari (2010)

Antigua and Barbuda Creole English

Adverb

na

1. not

Verb

na

1. don't

'Are'are

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /na/
• Hyphenation: na

Article

na

1. the

References

• Naitoro, Kateřina (2013) A Sketch Grammar of 'Are'are: The Sound System and Morpho-Syntax (Thesis)‎^[2], Christchurch, New Zealand: University of Canterbury, archived from the original on 2017-11-28

Asturian

Etymology

From a contraction of the preposition en (“in”) + feminine singular article la (“the”).

Contraction

na f (masculine nel, neuter no, masculine plural nos, feminine plural nes)

1. in the

Adverb

na

1. alternative form of nada

Awa-Cuaiquer

Pronoun

na

1. I (first-person singular nominative pronoun)

See also

Awa-Cuaiquer personal pronouns

Person	Number	Nominative	Accusative
First	Singular	na	nawa
	Plural	au	au -mɨza
Second	Singular	nu	nuwa
	Plural	u	u -mɨza
Third	Singular	us	usa
	Plural	uspa	uspa -tuza
Interrogative/Negative "Who"/"No-one"		mɨn	mɨna
Indefinite "Someone"		mɨnwaza	mɨnawaza
Interrogative/Negative "What"/"Nothing"		shi
Indefinite "Something"		shiwaza

References

• Curnow, T. J. (1997). A grammar of Awa Pit (Cuaiquer): An indigenous language of south-western Colombia. The Australian National University.

Bambara

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [náà]

Noun

na

1. stew

Etymology 2

Particle

na (tone nà)

1. auxiliary marker for future tense

   sini, i bɛ na taa sugu jɔ

   You will go to the market tomorrow

References

• 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.

Bangi

Preposition

na

1. with, by

Beja

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈna/

Noun

na f (plural na)

1. thing

   Nafirka na teefi?

   Is there anything nicer than that?

Declension

Declension of na (feminine weak)

singular	indefinite		definite
	isolated	construct	isolated	construct
nominative	na	naatuu-	tuuna	tunaatuu-
accusative	naat	naatoo-	toona	tunaatoo-
genitive	naati	naatii-	tunaati	tunaatii-
plural	indefinite		definite
	isolated	construct	isolated	construct
nominative	na	naataa-	taana	tinaataa-
accusative	naat	naatee-	teena	tinaatee-
genitive	naati	naatee-	tinaati	tinaatee-

Pronoun

na (acc. naat, gen. naati)

1. what

See also

• aaw

Blagar

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nɑ/

Pronoun

na

1. I

Noun

na

1. thing

References

• H. Steinhauer, "Going" and "Coming" in the Blagar of Dolap (Pura--Alor--Indonesia) (1977)
• W. A. L. Stokhof, Preliminary notes on the Alor and Pantar languages (East Indonesia) (1975)
• A. Schapper, The Papuan Languages of Timor, Alor and Pantar: Volume 1

Cameroon Pidgin

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /na/

Predicative

na

1. copula for nouns and adjectives
   • 2019 November 19, Kimzy K-Buoy, “Flex”‎^[3], 0:57–0:59:

     MUSIC NA THE KEY SO I NODI PLAY

     Music is the key so I am not engaging in play.

2. a topic marker introducing a clause to lay focus on a subject
   • 2019 November 19, Kimzy K-Buoy, “Flex”‎^[4], 1:39–1:42:

     I go make you number one for ma list because
     Na you be the hardest

     I will make you the number one of my list by reason that, behold, you are the hardest.

Catalan

Etymology

From the final syllable of Latin domina (“Lady”).

Pronunciation

• (Central) IPA^(key): /nə/
• (Valencia) IPA^(key): /na/

Article

na f sg (elided n', masculine en)

1. (Eastern) personal article used before feminine given names instead of the definite article la

   En Pau i na Maria arribaran demà.

   Pau and Maria will be arriving tomorrow.

Usage notes

• While this article (and its masculine counterpart en) is standard in Balearic Catalan, in other Eastern Catalan dialects its use is waning, and the elided of the definite article, l', is used before names beginning with vowels. There is no plural personal article, so the plural definite article les is used in all dialects.

Related terms

• dona

Cavineña

Noun

na

1. root of ena

References

• Antoine Guillaume, A Grammar of Cavineña (2008, →ISBN)

Cebuano

Etymology

Pronunciation

• (Standard Cebuano) IPA^(key): /na/ [n̪a]
• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: na

Adverb

na (Badlit spelling ᜈ)

1. (after an adjective) marks that something is already the case when it wasn't so before; is now

   Antonym: pa

   puti na ang balay

   the house is now colored white

   lahi na ang panahon karon

   things are now different these days

2. (after verb in the inchoative aspect) marks verb as completed; have, already (perfect aspect)

   niadto na siya ― he has gone out already

   1. (+ negator "wala") indicates that an ongoing action has stopped or no longer happening; not anymore

      wala na siya nikaon ― he did not eat anymore

3. (after verb in the prospective aspect) marks something that will happen very soon; about to

   moadto na siya ― he is about to go out

   1. (+ negator "dili") indicates that an anticipated or habitual action is discontinued; will not ... anymore

      dili na siya moinom ― he does not drink (alcohol) anymore

Usage notes

• The inchoative aspect encompasses the complete and progressive aspects: mi-, nag-, gi-.

Adjective

na (Badlit spelling ᜈ)

1. (after pronouns or names) indicates a shift in the performance of a task to the person as mentioned

   Antonym: pa

   ikaw na ― it's your turn

   si Tonyo na ― it's Tonyo's turn

Derived terms

• adto na ko
• adto na mi
• ari na ko
• ari na mi
• na lang
• na man
• na pud
• na sad
• unsa na

Etymology 2

Clipping of kana.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Cebuano) IPA^(key): /ˈnaʔ/ [ˈn̪aʔ]
• Rhymes: -aʔ
• Syllabification: na

Adverb

nà (Badlit spelling ᜈ)

1. (colloquial) clipping of kana

Usage notes

• Only used mid-sentence.

See also

Cebuano demonstrative pronouns

	direct*		indirect*		oblique	locative	allative	existential**		destination	interjection**		manner**
	full	short	full	short				full	short		full	short	full	short
near speaker***	kirí karí	ri	niiri niari	iri ari	kan-ari† kan-iri†	dirí	ngarí	adia	dia	arí	diará	dará	ingon iri ingon ari	ing-ari in-ari
near speaker and listener***	kiní kaní	ni	niini niani	ini ani	kan-ani† kan-ini†	dinhi	nganhi	ania	nia	anhi	niará	nará	ingon ini ingon ani	ing-ani in-ani
near listener	kanâ	nà	nianà	anà	kan-anà†	dinhà dirâ	nganhà ngarâ	anaa	naa	anhà	naará	nará	ingon anà	ing-anà in-anà
remote	kadto kató	to	niadto niato	adto ato	kan-adto†	didto	ngadto	atua	tua	adto	tuará	turá	ingon adto ingon ato	ing-ato in-ato

^† Archaic
* When the demonstrative is used as a predicate, the full form must be used. Short forms never start sentences.
** Full and short forms used interchangeably. Full forms may be more formal, while short forms may be more colloquial.
*** These two series may be conflated in colloquial Cebuano.

Further reading

• “na” in Pinoy Dictionary, Cyberspace.ph, 2010-2022.
• John U. Wolff (1972), A Dictionary of Cebuano Visayan‎^[5] (overall work in Cebuano and English), Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press

Central Bikol

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /na/ [n̪a]

Adverb

na (Basahan spelling ᜈ)

1. already

   Naghali na po siya sa harong.

   S/he already left the house.

2. yet (only in questions)

   Tapos ka na?

   Are you finished yet?

3. anymore

   Dai na niya kayang tioson.

   S/he can't endure it anymore.

Particle

na (Basahan spelling ᜈ)

1. connects consonant ending noun or adjective to a noun or adjective that it modifies

   Synonym: -ng

   Bilog na bulan ― Whole month

Phrase

na (Basahan spelling ᜈ)

1. about to; bound to

   Madya na, mapuon na kita.

   Come on, we're about to start.

Central Huasteca Nahuatl

Pronoun

na

1. I

Chavacano

Etymology

Borrowed from Portuguese na, contraction of em a.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /na/ [na]
• Rhymes: -a, -na

Preposition

na

1. indirect object marker: to

   Ya dale yo todo na mi amigo. ― I gave everything to my friend.

2. used to refer to the location of something or some action: in; on; at

   Na Ciudad de Zamboanga ele nacido. ― He/she was born in Zamboanga City.

3. used to refer toward a location of something or some action: to; toward
4. used to refer to a time period: at; on; in; during (of a year, month, day of the week, time of day, etc.)
5. used to refer to a place of origin or where one comes from: from; of

Synonym: a

Chichewa

Etymology

Cognate with Tumbuka na (“and”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /na/

Conjunction

na

1. with
2. and

Derived terms

• na- (“"with" prefix before personal pronouns”)

References

• Steven Paas (2016), Oxford Chichewa-English/English - Chichewa Dictionary‎^[6], Oxford University Press, page 381

Chungli Ao

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *na-ŋ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /na˩/, [na˩]

Pronoun

na (possessive ne, plural nenok)

1. you sg

Further reading

• Clark, Mary M. (1893), Ao Naga grammar with illustrative phrases and vocabulary, Molung: Assam Secretariat Printing Office, page 10
• Gowda, K. S. Gurubasave (1975), Ao Grammar, Mysore: Central Institute of Indian Languages, page 31

Czech

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₂en-der.

Proto-Balto-Slavic *nō

Proto-Slavic *na

Old Czech na

Czech na

Inherited from Old Czech na, from Proto-Slavic *na.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈna]

• Audio:

  (file)

Preposition

na

1. on, onto (direction) [with accusative]

   Dej skleničku na stůl. ― Put the glass on the table.

2. on (location) [with locative]

   Sklenička je na stole. ― The glass is on the table.

3. to (direction; used only with certain places; do + genitive is more common) [with accusative]

   Jdeme na poštu. ― We're going to the post office.

   Česko leží na západ od Slovenska. ― Czechia lies to the west of Slovakia.

4. at, in (location; used only with certain places; v is more common) [with locative]

   Jsme na poště.

   We're at the post office.

5. for (purpose) [with accusative]

   Ty nůžky nejsou na hraní. ― The scissors are not for playing with.

   Čtu text na náš kurz.

   I am reading a text for our course.

6. for a period of time [with accusative]

   Sedni si na chvíli. ― Sit down for a while.

   Vypnu telefon na hodinu. ― I'll turn off my phone for an hour.

7. at (in the direction of) [with accusative]

   Nekřič na mě! ― Don't yell at me!

8. up to, down to (at the discretion of) [with locative]

   To je na něm, ne na mně.

   That is up to him, not up to me.

Further reading

• “na”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “na”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

Dalmatian

Etymology

From Latin nōn.

Adverb

na

1. no
2. not

Related terms

• naun
• non

Domari

Etymology

From Sanskrit नव (nava).

Numeral

na

1. (Aleppo, cardinal number) nine

References

• Bruno Herin (2012), “The Domari Language of Aleppo (Syria)”, in Linguistic Discovery‎^[7], volume 10, number 2, →DOI

Drung

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *na-ŋ.

Pronoun

na

1. you (sg.)

References

• Ross Perlin (2019), A Grammar of Trung‎^[8], Santa Barbara: University of California

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /naː/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: na
• Rhymes: -aː

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch na, from Old Dutch *nāh, *nā, from Proto-West Germanic *nāhw, from Proto-Germanic *nēhw. Cognate to German nach and nahe.

Preposition

na

1. after

   Antonym: voor

2. (op ... na, with a cardinal number) bar, except Used to form ordinal numbers in relation to a superlative quality. The number that is used is 1 lower than in the English translation.

   Brazilië is met zijn 8,5 miljoen vierkante kilometer het grootste land van Zuid-Amerika en het op vier na grootste ter wereld.

   With its 8.5 million square kilometers, Brazil is the largest country in South America and the fifth largest in the world.

   Naast dat de toonladder een kenmerkend gegeven is, zijn er ook bepaalde tonen, die een speciale rol hebben, zoals de vadi en de samvadi, respectievelijk: de belangrijkste en de op een na belangrijkste toon.

   Next to [the fact] that the musical scale is a characteristic datum, there are also certain tones that have a special role, such as the vadi and the samvadi: respectively the most important and second most important tones.

Declension

Pronominal adverbs of na

preposition	na
postpositional adv.	na
+ het (it)	erna
+ dit (this)	hierna
+ dat (that)	daarna
+ wat (what)	waarna
+ iets (something)	ergens na
+ niets (nothing)	nergens na
+ alles (everything)	overal na

Derived terms

• daarna
• nabloei
• nadat
• nadien
• nageslacht
• nakomeling
• nalaten
• naoorlogs
• nastreven
• navolging
• waarna

verbs

• nabakken
• nabauwen
• nabellen
• nabeschouwen
• nabestellen
• nabetalen
• nabewerken
• nablaffen
• nablazen
• nablijven
• nablikken
• nabloeden
• nabloeien
• nablussen
• nabootsen
• nabouwen
• nabranden
• nabrengen
• nabruisen
• nabrullen
• nachecken
• nadenken
• nadoen
• nadraaien
• nadragen
• nadraven
• nadreunen
• nadruppelen
• naduiden
• nadweilen
• nafietsen
• nafladderen
• nafluisteren
• nafluiten
• nagaan
• nagalmen
• nagapen
• nageven
• naglijden
• naglimmen
• nagloeien
• nagloren
• nagluren
• nagonzen
• nagooien
• nahaken
• nahijgen
• nahinken
• nahollen
• nahuilen
• najagen
• najanken
• najoelen
• najouwen
• najubelen
• najuichen
• nakaarten
• nakaatsen
• nakakelen
• nakalken
• nakauwen
• nakeffen
• nakijken
• naklagen
• naklauteren
• nakletsen
• nakleuren
• naklimmen
• naklinken
• nakloppen
• nakluiven
• nakomen
• nakraaien
• nakrijgen
• nakrijsen
• nakruipen
• nakuieren
• nakwaken
• nalachen
• nalaten
• naleven
• nalezen
• nalichten
• naliegen
• naloeren
• nalopen
• naluiden
• naluisteren
• namaken
• namalen
• nameten
• namijmeren
• namompelen
• naogen
• naoogsten
• napalen
• napassen
• napersen
• napiepen
• napitten
• naplegen
• napleiten
• napluizen
• napoetsen
• napraten
• narennen
• narijden
• naroepen
• naschallen
• naschetsen
• naschilderen
• naschouwen
• naschreeuwen
• naschrijven
• naschuiven
• naschuren
• naseinen
• nasissen
• naslaan
• naslenteren
• naslijpen
• nasluipen
• nasmeulen
• nasmijten
• nasnellen
• nasnijden
• nasnikken
• nasnorren
• nasnuffelen
• naspelen
• naspeuren
• naspieden
• nasporen
• naspreken
• naspringen
• nastamelen
• nastappen
• nastaren
• nastreven
• nastrompelen
• nastrooien
• nasturen
• nasudderen
• nasuizen
• natekenen
• natellen
• natrekken
• navertellen
• navoelen
• navolgen
• navorsen
• nawegen
• nawerken
• nawuiven
• nazeggen
• nazenden
• nazetten
• nazitten

Descendants

• Afrikaans: na
• Negerhollands: na, a
• Indonesian: na
  • → Virgin Islands Creole: na

Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch na, from Old Dutch *nāh, *nā, from Proto-West Germanic *nāhw, from Proto-Germanic *nēhwaz.

Adjective

na (comparative nader, superlative naast)

1. close

Declension

The forms of the positive are obsolescent, particularly the inflected one. The comparative and superlative forms are functioning as independent adjectives to an increasing extent.

Declension of na
uninflected	na
inflected	naë
comparative	nader
		positive	comparative	superlative
predicative/adverbial		—	nader	het naast het naaste
indefinite	m./f. sing.	naë	nadere	naaste
	n. sing.	na	nader	naaste
	plural	naë	nadere	naaste
definite		naë	nadere	naaste
partitive		na's	naders	—

Derived terms

• na aan het hart liggen
• nabij
• nagenoeg
• te na komen

Related terms

• naar
• naast
• nader

Etymology 3

Preposition

na

1. (dialectal) archaic form of naar

Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl

Pronoun

na

1. first person; I

See also

• naha

Esperanto

Etymology

Presumably from Bulgarian на (na), Russian на (na) and Polish na; alternatively, from the accusative suffix -n (possibly a blend with the article la or with the suffix -a).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /na/

• Audio 1:

  (file)

• Audio 2:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: na

Preposition

na (rare)

1. (neologism, nonstandard, proscribed) Preposition introducing an accusative phrase.

   Mi legis na Gerda Malaperis.

   I read Gerda Disappeared.

Usage notes

Unofficial; it is recognized by some Esperantists on the Internet, but disapproved of by most high-level speakers. Proponents recommended using it only where the accusative suffix isn't possible: with numerals (unu (“one”)), particles (iom (“some”), kies (“whose”)), letters (J), titles of books, and quotations, etc. More standard options are to use the general preposition je, to omit the accusative ending, to insert a noun in apposition (Mi legis la libron Gerda Malaperis), or to rephrase the sentence to avoid the issue.

Further reading

• “na”, in Reta Vortaro [Online Dictionary] (in Esperanto), 1997-2026

Galician

Etymology 1

From contraction of preposition en (“in”) + feminine article a (“the”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nɐː/
• Hyphenation: na

Contraction

na f (masculine no, masculine plural nos, feminine plural nas)

1. in the

Etymology 2

From a mutation of a.

Pronoun

na f (accusative)

1. alternative form of a (“her”)

Usage notes

The n- forms of accusative third-person pronouns are used when the preceding word ends in -u or a diphthong, and are suffixed to the preceding word.

Related terms

• a
• la
• no

See also

Galician personal pronouns

number	person		nominative (subject)	accusative (direct object)	dative (indirect object)	prepositional	prepositional with con	non-declining
singular	first		eu	me		min	comigo	—
	second		ti	te	che	ti	contigo	vostede
	third	m	el	o (lo, no)	lle	el	con el	—
		f	ela	a (la, na)		ela	con ela	—
plural	first		nós nosoutros m nosoutras f	nos		nós	connosco	—
	second		vós vosoutros m vosoutras f	vos		vós	convosco	vostedes
	third	m	eles	os (los, nos)	lles	eles	con eles	—
		f	elas	as (las, nas)		elas	con elas	—
reflexive third / indefinite			—	se		si	consigo	—

Etymology 3

From contraction of adverb non (“not”) + feminine singular article a (“the”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nɐː/

Further reading

• “o”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2026
• Antón Santamarina, editor (2006–2013), “na”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega

Gende

Etymology

From Proto-Trans-New Guinea *na (“I”). Cognate with Yaweyuha ne.

Pronoun

na

1. I

References

• Scott, Graham (1978), the Fore language of Papua New Guinea (Pacific Linguistics, Series B, 47.), Canberra: The Australian National University, →DOI, page 184

German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /na(ː)/, /nɑ/

• Audio (Germany (Berlin)):

  (file)

• Audio (Germany (Berlin)):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aː
• Homophones: nah, Narr (latter regional)

Etymology 1

Perhaps from an unstressed form of nu. Compare also Swedish nå, Russian ну (nu), Finnish no, and their cognates.

Interjection

na

1. well!, so!; used to introduce a statement

   Na, dann fangen wir mal an!

   So, let’s get started!

   Ich bin ein Narr? Na, du auch!

   I am a clown? Well, so are you!

2. oh, hm, huh, och, nu; expressing a (usually mild) degree of surprise, doubt, or frustration

   Na, das ist ja nett, dass ihr vorbeikommt!

   Oh, that’s nice of you to come by!

   Na? Ob das so stimmt...

   Huh? Not sure if that’s correct...

   Na! Warum will das denn jetzt wieder nicht?

   Och! Why does this thing not work yet again?

   Na toll! Kein Empfang.

   Oh great! No signal.

3. (regional, chiefly northern and central Germany) huh?; used as a question marker, often implying that the speaker knows the answer

   Was ist zwei plus drei? Na?

   What’s two plus three? Huh?

4. (regional, chiefly northern and central Germany) hey!, hi!; used as a greeting, but with an interrogative intonation, as if saying “So? You see me there?”, or “So? How is everything?”

   Na! Lang nicht gesehen!

   Hey! Long time no see!

   Na! Wie geht’s?

   Hi! How are you?

Derived terms

• na klar
• na und
• nanu

Etymology 2

A variant of nein. Compare English nah.

Interjection

na

1. (regional, chiefly Southern Germany, Austria) alternative form of nein (“no”)

   Na. Das geht net.

   No. That doesn’t work.

Anagrams

• an

Guinea-Bissau Creole

Etymology

From Portuguese na. Cognate with Kabuverdianu na.

Preposition

na

1. at
2. in
3. on

Haida

Noun

na (definite náay, classifier tíi)

1. dwelling, house, home, hut, cabin, shelter, building, shack, establishment

References

• Dr. Jordan Lachler (2010), Dictionary of Alaskan Haida‎^[9], Alaska: Sealaska Heritage Institute, →ISBN, page 288

Hamap

Pronoun

na

1. I (first-person singular pronoun)

References

• Ninuk Kleden-Probonegoro, The Ethnolinguistic Identity of the Hamap People in Change, page 198, 2008

Hawaiian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /na/, [nə]

Preposition

na

1. for, belonging to, by

Usage notes

• Used for acquired possessions, while no is used for possessions that are inherited, out of personal control, and for things that can be got into (houses, clothes, cars).

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈnɒ]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -nɒ

Interjection

na

1. well, so, hey

   Na, nem baj. ― Well, no problem.

   Itt van Péter. – Na és? ― “Peter is here.” “So what?”

   Na, gyerünk! ― Alright, let's go!

   Na, ne mondj ilyet! ― Hey, don't say that!

   Na, ez fáj! ― Hey, that hurts!

Derived terms

• (Compound words):
  • nahát
  • nana
  • naná

Further reading

• na in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Indonesian

Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch na.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈna/ [ˈna]
• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: na

Noun

na (plural na-na)

1. (mechanics) retard ignition timing,

   Setiap mobil memiliki arah putar 'na dan voor' yang berbeda-beda dan ukuran yang juga berbeda.

   Each car has a different 'retard and advance' turning direction and different sizes.

Ingrian

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian на (na).

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈnɑ/, [ˈnɑ]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈnɑ/, [ˈnɑ]
• Rhymes: -ɑ
• Hyphenation: na

Interjection

na

1. here! there you go! (said when handing something over)

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971), Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 331

Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /n̪ˠə/

Article

na (definite article)

1. genitive singular feminine of an (triggers h-prothesis)

   na háite ― of the place

2. nominative/dative plural of an (triggers h-prothesis)

   na héin ― the birds

   ó na cailíní ― from the girls

3. genitive plural of an (triggers eclipsis)

   na bpáistí ― of the children

Contraction

na

1. nonstandard form of ina
   • 1906, E. C. Quiggin, “Áindrías an Ime”, in A Dialect of Donegal: Being the Speech of Meenawannia in the Parish of Glenties, page 196:

     Bhí Áindrías an Ime na chomhnaidhe i mBaile ui Mún i nGleann an Bhaile Dhuibh.

     Áindrías of the Butter lived in Ballymoon in Gleann an Bhaile Dhuibh.

Descendants

• → Yola: na

Mutation

Mutated forms of na

radical	lenition	eclipsis
na	not applicable	not applicable

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “na”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla [Irish–English Dictionary], Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959), “na”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
• “na”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013–2026

Isoko

Etymology

Clipping of ọnana (“this”).

Article

na

1. The definite article: the.

Usage notes

'Na' goes after nouns (singular and plural).

Jamaican Creole

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *né

Proto-Germanic *ne

Proto-West Germanic *ne

Proto-Indo-European *h₂ey-

Proto-Indo-European *-u

Proto-Indo-European *h₂óyu

Proto-Indo-European *-osinflu.

Proto-Germanic *aiwaz

Proto-West Germanic *aiw

univ.

Proto-West Germanic *naiw

Proto-Indo-European *wekʷ-

Proto-Indo-European *-tós

Proto-Indo-European *-is

Proto-Indo-European *-tis

Proto-Indo-European *wékʷtisder.?

Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ-

▲

Proto-Indo-European *-tis

Proto-Indo-European *wéǵʰtisder.?

Proto-Germanic *wihtą

Proto-West Germanic *wiht

Proto-West Germanic *naiwwiht

Old English nāwiht

Old English *nōht

Middle English nought

Middle English not

English not

Jamaican Creole na

Inherited from English not. Compare English nah.

Adverb

na

1. not

Further reading

• “A Learner’s Grammar of Jamaican”, in Open Grammar Project‎^[10], 2015, Glossary‎^[11]

Japanese

Romanization

na

1. The hiragana syllable な (na) or the katakana syllable ナ (na) in Hepburn romanization.

Kabuverdianu

Etymology

Derived from Portuguese na.

Preposition

na

1. at
2. in
3. on

Kapampangan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nə/ [nə]
• Hyphenation: na

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Austronesian *ni-a

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ni-a

Kapampangan na

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ni-a, from Proto-Austronesian *ni-a.

Pronoun

na

1. 3rd person singular possessive/ergative pronoun: he; his; she; her; it; its

   Bayu ya ing bale na.

   Her/his house is new.

   Nanu ing seli na?

   What did s/he buy?

Kapampangan personal pronouns

		absolute		ergative	oblique
		disjunctive	enclitic
first person	singular	aku/i aku/yaku	ku		kanaku
	plural inclusive	ikatamu	katamu/tamu	tamu/ta	kekatamu
	plural exclusive	ikami, ike	kami/ke	mi	kekami/keke
second person	singular	ika	ka	mu	keka
	plural	ikayu/iko	kayu/ko	yu	kekayu/keko
third person	singular	iya/ya	ya	na	keya/kaya
	plural	ila	la	da/ra	karela

Etymology 2

Possibly a contraction of nanu (“what”). Compare Tagalog 'no. See also Japanese な / ね.

Interjection

na

1. (masculine, informal, mild emphatic) used to get someone's attention, generally carries neutral or slightly positive connotations

   Na munta ka?

   Hey, are you going?

   Na dimdam me?

   Hey, did you hear?

Particle

na

1. (informal, mild emphatic) sentence-final particle indicating emotion or mild emphasis

   Synonym: ne

   Makanini namu siguru na?

   Maybe it is what it is, isn't it?

   Nokarin nakaman munta na?

   Where are you going, huh?

Etymology 3

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *na (“now; already”).

Adverb

na

1. already; now (expresses the event when following a verb)

   Yari na.

   Finished already.

   Munta naka.

   Are you going now?.

2. already; now (declares the event of action when following a verb in the past tense)

   Matudtud na.

   Slept already.

   Sinali na.

   Bought already.

3. already; now (suggests immediate or quick action when following the infinitive form and future tense of the verb)

   Lungub nakata.

   Let's go in already.

   Pepasali nakung panulu.

   I'm having someone buy the medicine now.

Preposition

na

1. (indirect or object marker for nouns and phrases other than personal names.)

   Synonyms: ne, no, de, do

   Batu naning Talapamisip.

   The stone of the Philosopher.

   Lutu naning Inda.

   Cooked by Mother.

   Gawa naning Tau.

   Man-made.

2. of; marks possession other than personal names.

   Synonyms: ne, no, do

   Kuwentu naning tau. ― Story of someone else.

   Piyalungan naning pusa. ― Toy of the cat.

Etymology 4

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *na (“linker marking emphatic attribution”).

Ligature

na

1. connects adjectives to nouns

   Synonyms: a, -ng

   Malairo na banwa.

   The blue sky.

   Kakatua na tau.

   Strange person.

   Nice na musiku.

   Nice music.

   Kalupit na tau.

   Cruel person.

Usage notes

• There are instances where na is used when the preceding word is already an adjective.

• na becomes the -ng suffix if the preceding word ends in a vowel.

  Maganakang tau.

  Kind person.

  Alang gagawan.

  Nothing to do.

• na becomes a if the preceding word ends in a consonant.

  Mayapayaldo.

  Good day.

  Mayapayabak.

  Good morning.

  Santingabage.

  Cool thing.

• Words ending in -n will become -ng (-g)

  Mamiyalungang uma.

  Mischievious kiss.

  Pipipamanalbeng makasindi.

  The TV is on.

• It becomes the -ng- interfix in compound words, if the preceding stem ends in a vowel.

  ‎kaba + ‎-ng- + ‎bie → ‎kabangbie

  ‎bala + ‎-ng- + ‎bengi → ‎balangbengi

• It becomes the -m- interfix in compound words, where the next stem starts with a (b) or (p).

  ‎buri + ‎-m- + ‎buri → ‎burimburi

  ‎bayu + ‎-m- + ‎bie → ‎bayumbie

• It becomes the -n- interfix in compound words, where the next stem starts with a (d), (s), (k), (l), or (t).

  ‎metu + ‎-n- + ‎dalan → ‎metundalan

  ‎bayu + ‎-n- + ‎tau → ‎bayuntau

  ‎nanu + ‎-n- + ‎lagyu → ‎nanunlagyu

• Words ending with -n inside compounds ending will become -ng- (-g-)

  ‎sintan + ‎-g- + ‎sintanan → ‎sintang-sintanan

  ‎kaluguran + ‎-g- + ‎kaluguran → ‎kalugurang-kaluguran

  ‎bangalan + ‎-g- + ‎buku → ‎bangalang-buku

Karaim

Alternative forms

• на (Cyrillic)

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *na.

Interjection

na

1. here you are! take it!

Kasem

Noun

na

1. water

References

• SIL Burkina Faso, Dictionnaire bilingue kassem - français, 2007

Kashubian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈna/
• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: na

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₂en-der.

Proto-Balto-Slavic *nō

Proto-Slavic *na

Kashubian na

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *na.

Preposition

na

1. denotes superessive position; on [with locative]

   Synonym: nó

2. denotes sublative movement; onto [with accusative]

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *na.

Interjection

na

1. emphatic particle used with imperatives to speed up a performed action; c'mon, now

Further reading

• Stefan Ramułt (1893), “na”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego (in Kashubian), page 110
• Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011), “na 1”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎^[12], volume 2, page 2
• Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011), “na 2”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎^[13], volume 2, page 2
• “na”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022
• “na!”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

Kikuyu

Particle

na

1. (instrumental) with

   Gũtema na kanua ti gũtema na rũhiũ.

   To cut with a mouth is not to cut with a knife.

2. (comitative) and, with

   Ikinya na thĩ itiaganaga.

   The foot and the earth cannot help meeting.

3. (source) from

   Synonym: kuuma

   Wega uumaga na mũciĩ.

   Goodness comes from home.

4. but

   Kanua njero, na mũciĩ ndũkomeka nĩ heho.

   The mouth is sweet, but the house is too cold to lie at.

Kilivila

Noun

na

1. (in compounds) woman

References

• Gunter Senft (1986), Kilivila: the Language of the Trobriand Islanders. Berlin • New York • Amsterdam: Mouton de Gruyter, p. 372, 591. →ISBN

Kusunda

Pronoun

na

1. this (animate)

   Synonym: ta (inanimate)

   nəti na ― Who is this?

References

David E. Watters (2006), “Notes on Kusunda Grammar: A Language Isolate of Nepal”, in Himalayan Linguistics‎^[14], page 48

Ladin

Article

na f

1. an, a

Synonyms

• n'

See also

• n

Ladino

Alternative forms

• nalo, naldo, nalde (Monastir)

Etymology

From Greek να (na), from Ancient Greek ἤν (ḗn).

Interjection

na (Hebrew spelling נה)

1. here! behold! there!

Lakota

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nɑ/

Conjunction

na

1. and
   • 1994 October, Neva Standing Bear, A Short Autobiography:

     hé Sichą́ǧu oyą́ke él imáchaǧį na hetą́ wahíyu na Oglála makhóche ektá hįgnáwathų na hetą́ wašícu makhóche ektá wahíyu.

     I grew up on the Rosebud reservation, and then I left and got married in the Oglala country.

References

• Pustet, R. (2021). Lakota Texts: Narratives of Lakota Life and Culture in the Twentieth Century. University of Nebraska Press.

Latin

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈnaː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈnaː]

Verb

nā

1. second-person singular present active imperative of nō

References

• "na", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)

Lingala

Etymology

Of native Bangi (Bobangi) origin (compare Swahili na), but its functional broadening to "in, at" may be under the influence of West African languages; compare Igbo na, Krio na.

Preposition

na

1. with, and
2. in, at
3. of (form of ya before personal pronouns)

Lotha Naga

Postposition

na

1. nominative case marker, marks the subject of a verb
2. instrumental case marker: by, with

Derived terms

• lona
• thüngina

Further reading

• Witter, W. E. (1888), K. R. Murry, editor, Outline Grammar of the Lotha Naga Language, 1999 edition, Kyong Academy, pages 15-16
• Acharya, K. P. (1983), Lotha Grammar (CIIL Grammar Series), volume 10, Central Institute of Indian Languages, pages 103-104

Lower Sorbian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *na.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /na/

Preposition

na

1. on, in [with locative]
2. on, onto [with accusative]

Further reading

• Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928), “na_2”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
• Starosta, Manfred (1999), “na”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

Lower Tanana

Stem

na

1. Verbal stem occurring in the following root, aspect, and mode combinations:

Aspect	Imperfective	Perfective	Future	Optative
Conclusive	no (depleted)

Luganda

Conjunction

na

1. and (only used if the overall statement is grammatically negative)

See also

• ne

References

J. D. Chesswas (1967), The Essentials of Luganda, 4th edition, Nairobi: Oxford University Press, page 94

Macanese

Etymology 1

From Portuguese na, itself from Old Galician-Portuguese na. Semantically, compare Chavacano na.

Preposition

na

1. in

   botâ na fólia ― to place in the newspaper

   Já levâ ung'a perada na cara qui ficó vangueado.

   The ball hit him so hard in the face that he fainted.

2. at

   na casa ― at home

   na festa ― at the party

3. on

   estendê na chám ― to stretch on the ground

Usage notes

• As grammatical gender is not differentiated in Macanese, na is invariable, and there is no alternative form *no.
• Unlike the Chavacano term, the preposition does not bear the meaning of "to"; that function is fulfilled by pa.

Derived terms

• têm na trâs di porta (“to be very near, to be just around the corner”)

Etymology 2

Possibly a reduced form of Portuguese ainda.

Alternative forms

• nâ

Adverb

na

1. still, yet

   Já cavâ fazê liçam di casa? Nunca nâ, faltâ três folia

   Have you finished your homework yet? Not yet, I still have three pages

   Ela tâ assí chistosa na? Certo, iou-sa Marichai dia-a-dia tâ más bunita

   She still looks so pretty, doesn't she? Of course, my Marichai gets prettier by the day

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Cantonese 嗱 (naa⁴).

Alternative forms

• nâ, ná

Interjection

na

1. here!, here you go, here you are (offering something to the listener)

Particle

na

1. emphatic particle

   Cudí ná! ― Help!

   Vai racolê nâ! ― Get lost!

References

• https://www.macaneselibrary.org/pub/english/uipatua.htm

Malagasy

Conjunction

na

1. (often repeated) or, either … or

   Tonga tao daholo na lehilahy na vehivavy na antitra na tanora na kely na lehibe

   Everyone came, be it men or women, old or young, small or large

   Fidio izay makemake na ny vola na ny voninahitra

   Choose what you want, be it money or fame

Further reading

• na in Malagasy dictionaries at malagasyword.org

Anagrams

• -na

Mandarin

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Romanization

na (na⁵ / na⁰, Zhuyin ˙ㄋㄚ)

1. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 吶 / 呐
2. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 哪

na

1. nonstandard spelling of nā
2. nonstandard spelling of ná
3. nonstandard spelling of nǎ
4. nonstandard spelling of nà

Usage notes

• Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Mbongno

Noun

na

1. belly

References

• Charles K. Meek, Tribal Studies in Northern Nigeria (1931)

Middle Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /naː/

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₂neḱ-

Proto-Germanic *nēhwazder.

Proto-Germanic *nēhw

Old Dutch nāh

Middle Dutch na

Inherited from Old Dutch nāh, from Proto-Germanic *nēhw, from *nēhwaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂neḱ- (“to reach”).

Preposition

na

1. towards
2. behind
3. after, following, later than
4. in accordance with, based on

Adverb

na

1. afterwards, later
2. close, near

Descendants

• Dutch: na
  • Afrikaans: na
• Limburgish: nao

Etymology 2

From Old Dutch *nāh, from Proto-Germanic *nēhwaz.

Adjective

nâ

1. close

Inflection

This adjective needs an inflection-table template.

Further reading

• “na (I)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• “na (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• “na (III)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “na (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I
• Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “na (II)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page II

Momina

Pronoun

na

1. I (first person singular)

References

• Andrew Pawley et al., "The Trans New Guinea family", in The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide (2018, →ISBN)

Momuna

Pronoun

na

1. I (first person singular)

References

• Andrew Pawley et al., "The Trans New Guinea family", in The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide (2018, →ISBN)

Morori

Pronoun

na

1. first-person pronoun; I

References

• Bill Palmer, editor (2018), The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area, Berlin: de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 67

Mpade

Etymology

From Proto-Central Chadic *nɨh.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /na/, [na]

Verb

na

1. to ripen

References

• S. Allison, Makary Kotoko Provisional Lexicon (SIL)
• R.C. Gravina, The Phonology of Proto-Central Chadic
• S. Allison, Alphabet et Orthographie de Kotoko de Makary (Mpadɨ) (SIL) (in French)

Neapolitan

Feminine form of nu, from Latin ūnus.

Alternative forms

• n' (before words starting with a vowel)

Etymology

From Latin ūna.

Article

na f sg

1. a, an

Nigerian Pidgin

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).

Verb

na

1. (it) is
   • 2024 January 11, Tamara Ebiwei, “'Dem tiff my pikin three hours afta I born am for hospital'”, in BBC News Pidgin‎^[15], archived from the original on 10 February 2024:

     Dis hospital na one of di biggest hospitals for Lafia, wey get beta security. But one unknown woman allegedly tiff Mrs Wosilat Suleiman pikin.

     This hospital is one of the largest hospitals in Lafia, with good security. However, an unknown woman allegedly stole Mrs. Wosilat Suleiman's child.

   • 2025 April 23, Orla Guerin, “More dan 150 pipo injure as earthquakes shake buildings for Turkey Istanbul”, in BBC News Pidgin‎^[16], archived from the original on 13 August 2025:

     Di largest earthquake on Wednesday bin strike around 12:49 local time (09:49 GMT) at a depth of 6.92 km (4.3 miles), na wetin Turkey emergency services tok.

     The largest earthquake on Wednesday struck around 12:49 local time (09:49 GMT) at a depth of 6.92 km (4.3 miles), is what Turkey emergency services said.

Further reading

• “na” in Naija Guru, 2026.

Northern Kurdish

Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *ná, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ná, from Proto-Indo-European *né. Related to ne.

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -ɑː

Interjection

na

1. no

Northern Ndebele

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-nɪ̀a.

Verb

-na

1. to rain

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Northern Sami

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• (Kautokeino) IPA^(key): /ˈna/

Adverb

na

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Further reading

• Eino Koponen, Klaas Ruppel, Kirsti Aapala, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎^[17], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

Northern Sotho

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-nɪ̀a.

Verb

na

1. to rain

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse hana, the accusative form of hon (“she”). Compare with Swedish na. The correct term in Norwegian Bokmål would be henne, and either ho or henne in Norwegian Nynorsk.

Pronoun

na

1. (dialectal, colloquial) her; object form of ho

Usage notes

• It is almost without exceptions used as a clitic, and is always unstressed.

See also

• a
• hu

Nǀuu

Pronunciation

• (Western) IPA^(key): /nɑ/

Pronoun

na

1. (Western, a-form) first person singular personal pronoun; I

   Na dyaqn

   I walk

Nǀuu personal pronouns

			Western dialect				Eastern dialect
			A-form	Simple	Click		A-form	Simple	Click
1st	singular		na	ng	nǀng		nya	ng	nǀng
	plural	inclusive	ca	i	gǀi		ca	i	gǀi
		Exclusive	sa	si	/		sa	si	/
2st	Singular		a	a	gǀa		a	a	gǀa
	Plural		ba	u	gǀu		ba	u	gǀu
3st	singular		kua	ku	/		kua	ku	/
		H-form	ha	ha	/		ha	ha	/
	plural		kina	kin	/		kina	kin	/
		H-form	hna	hn / hng	/		hna	hn / hng	/
Indefinite			ǂa	ǂi	/		ǂa	ǂi	/

Click form: The form used in the question starts with the first or second personal pronouns. It can also be used before the linker(ng).
A-form: The form used in declarative sentence.
H-form: The form often used in possessors, especially stories.

Synonyms

• nya (Eastern)

References

• Shah, Sheena, and Matthias Brenzinger. Ouma Geelmeid ke kx’u ǁxaǁxa Nǀuu. Cape Town: CALDi, University of Cape Town. 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17432.
• Sands, Bonny & Jones, Kerry & Esau, Katrina & Collins, Chris & Witzlack-Makarevich, Alena & Job, Sylvanus & Miller, Amanda & Steyn, Betta & Zaanen, Menno & Namaseb, Levi & Berg, Dietloff & Mantzel, Dotty & Damarah, Willem & Snyman, Claudia & Wyk, David & Brugman, Johanna & Exter, Mats & Vaalbooi, Antjie & Westhuizen, Mietjie. (2022). Nǀuuki Namagowab Afrikaans English ǂXoakiǂxanisi/Mîdi di ǂKhanis/Woordeboek/Dictionary
• Collins, C., & Namaseb, L. (2011). A Grammatical Sketch of N|uuki with Stories. Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.
• Güldemann, Tom. “"Back to normal?" - ditransitives in the Tuu family.” (2007).

Ojibwe

Particle

na

1. Question marker for yes/no questions. It is always placed after the first word in the sentence. If the first word ends in a vowel, use the particle na; if it ends in a consonant, use ina.
   • Giminikwe na? — Are you drinking?
   • Gigii-anokii na bijiinaago? — Did you work yesterday?
   • but: Giwiisin ina? — Are you eating?

Synonyms

• ina

Old Czech

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₂en-der.

Proto-Balto-Slavic *nō

Proto-Slavic *na

Old Czech na

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *na.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (13^th CE) /ˈna/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ˈna/

Preposition

na

1. on, onto (direction, + accusative case)

   I přivedli oslici a oslátko s ní, i položichu na ně rúcha svá. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

2. on (location, + locative case)
3. for (purpose, + accusative case)
4. at (in the direction of, + accusative case)

Descendants

• Czech: na

Further reading

• Jan Gebauer (1903–1916), “na”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

Old English

Alternative forms

• nō

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *nai (“never”), equivalent to a contraction of ne (“not”) and ā (“ever”). Compare Old Norse nei, Old Frisian nā.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nɑː/
• Rhymes: -ɑː

Adverb

nā

1. not
   • c. 990 CE, Matthew 22:17, in Benjamin Thorpe, F.S.A., ed. and transl., The Anglo-Saxon Version of the Holy Gospels, London: J.G.F. and J. Rivington; and J.H. Parker, published 1842, page 50:

     Is hit ālīefed þæt man Cāsere gafol selle, þe nā?

     Is it lawful to give tribute to Caesar, or not?

   • c. 989–992 CE, Ælfric of Eynsham, “The Fifth Sunday in Lent”, in Benjamin Thorpe, F.S.A., ed. and transl., The Homilies of the Anglo-Saxon Church, volume II, London: Richard and John E. Taylor, published 1846, page 230:

     Dryhten nis nā ōðrum mannum tō wiþmetenne.

     The Lord is not comparable to other people.

   • c. 995 CE, Ælfric of Eynsham, edited by Julius Zupitza, Aelfrics Grammatik und Glossar [Aelfric's Grammar and Glossary], Berlin: Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, published 1880, page 214:

     Nōn egō, sed tū: “Nā iċ, ac þū.” Nōn bōs est, sed equus: “Nis hit nā oxa, ac is hors.”

     Non ego, sed tu: “Not me, you.” Non bos est, sed equus: “It's not an ox, it's a horse.”

2. no
   • 996–997, Ælfric of Eynsham, “Saint Maur, Abbot”, in Rev. Walter W. Skeat, M.A., ed. and transl., Aelfric's Lives of Saints (Early English Text Society original series 76), volume I, London: N. Trübner & Co., published 1881, page 162:

     Þā ġecwæð sē abbod and ealle þā ġebrōðra þæt þēr ne mihte nā mā muneca wunian...

     Then said the abbot and all the brothers, that no more monks could dwell there...

   • Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Version B, year 897

     Þȳ ilcan sumora forwearþ nā lǣs þonne twēntiġ sċipa be þǣm sūðriman.

     That same summer, no less than twenty ships perished on the south coast.

   • 996–997, Ælfric of Eynsham, “Ash-Wednesday”, in Rev. Walter W. Skeat, M.A., ed. and transl., Aelfric's Lives of Saints (Early English Text Society original series 82), volume I, London: N. Trübner & Co., published 1885, page 278:

     Þā cwæð eall sēo meniu þe ðǣr mid stōd ofwundrod þæt sē cwellere ne sceolde swencan hī nā leng...

     Then said all the multitude who stood there astonished,that the executioner should vex her no longer,...

3. (poetic) never
   • 10th century, The Wanderer:

     Hwǣr cōm mearg? Hwǣr cōm mago? · Hwǣr cōm māþþumġyfa?
     Hwǣr cōm symbla ġesetu? · Hwǣr sindon seledrēamas?
     Ēalā beorht bune! · Ēalā byrnwiga!
     Ēalā þēodnes þrym! · Hū sēo þrāg ġewāt,
     ġenāp under nihthelm, · swā hēo nō wǣre.

     Whither did the horse come? Whither did the man come? Whither did the treasure-giver come?
     Whither did the seats of feasts come? Where are the hall-joys?
     Alack and alas, bright cup! Alack and alas, mailed warrior!
     Alack and alas, the army of the king! How did the time pass,
     grow dark under the cover of night, as if it never did.

Conjunction

nā

1. not
   • c. 989–992 CE, Ælfric of Eynsham, “Midlent” (XII), in Benjamin Thorpe, F.S.A., ed. and transl., The Homilies of the Anglo-Saxon Church, volume I, London: Richard and John E. Taylor, published 1844, page 184:

     Mare wundor is þæt God Ælmihtig ælce dæg fét ealne middangeard, and gewissað þa gódan, þonne þæt wundor wǣre, þæt he þa gefylde fif þusend manna mid fif hlafum: ac ðæs wundredon men, na forði þæt hit mare wundor wære, ac forði þæt hit wæs ungewunelic.

     A greater miracle it is that God Almighty every day feeds the whole world, and directs the good, than that he filled five thousand man with five loaves: but men wondered at this, not because it was a greater miracle, but because it was unusual.

Synonyms

• (conjunction): næs

Derived terms

• nā þæt

Descendants

• English: no
• Geordie: ne, naw
• Scots: nae, naw

See also

• nān
• nāwiht
• ne
• nese

Old Frisian

Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *nai, equivalent to a blend of ne (“not”) +‎ ā (“ever”). Compare Old English nā, Old Norse nei.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈnaː/

Adverb

nā

1. never

Descendants

• West Frisian: nea

Particle

nā

1. no

Descendants

• Saterland Frisian: noa

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈnaː/

Preposition

nā (+ dative)

1. alternative form of nēi

References

• Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009), An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN

Old Irish

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /n̪a/

Article

na (triggers /h/-prothesis in the feminine genitive singular, in the feminine and neuter nominative plural, and in the accusative plural; triggers eclipsis in the genitive plural)

1. apheretic form of inna (“the (various inflected forms)”)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /n̪a/

Determiner

na (‘his’ and ‘its’ trigger lenition, ‘her’ triggers /h/-prothesis, ‘their’ triggers eclipsis)

1. apheretic form of inna (“in his/her/its/their”)

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /n̪a/

Determiner

na

1. neuter nominative/accusative singular of nach (“any”)

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈn̪aː/

Particle

na (triggers /h/-prothesis)

1. alternative spelling of ná (“don’t”)

Etymology 5

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈn̪aː/

Conjunction

na (triggers /h/-prothesis)

1. (chiefly in the negative) alternative spelling of ná (“or, nor”)

Old Polish

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₂en-der.

Proto-Balto-Slavic *nō

Proto-Slavic *na

Old Polish na

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *na. First attested in the 14th century.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /na/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /na/

Preposition

na

1. denotes sublative movement; onto [with accusative]
2. denotes movement towards some nouns; to, toward [with accusative]
3. denotes the length of time for which an action will be done; for [with accusative]
4. denotes a goal or purpose; for [with accusative]
5. used in some temporal and physical measurements; by [with accusative or locative]
6. denotes superessive position; on [with locative]
7. denotes a period of time; during [with locc]
8. denotes frequency; per [with case]
9. denotes location with events; at [with locative]
10. denotes manner [with accusative]

Descendants

• Polish: na
• Silesian: na

References

• Bożena Sieradzka-Baziur, et al., editors (2011–2015), “na”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

Old Tupi

Alternative forms

• nda
• n'-, nd'- (before a vowel)

Particle

na

1. forms the negative of verbs and adjectives [with -i]
2. forms the negative of nouns [with ruã]
3. hopefully; if only [with ruã ymã]
4. shall not stop [with -e'ymi]
   • 1555, Joseph of Anchieta, chapter VII, in Arte de grammatica da lingoa mais vſada na coſta do Braſil (overall work in Portuguese), Coimbra: Antonio de Mariz, published 1595, page 34v:

     […] naipotareîmixoéne […]

     [ […] n'aîpotare'ymi xûéne […] ]

     I shall not stop wanting it.

References

• Navarro, Eduardo de Almeida (2013), “na”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil ] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, page 325, columns 1–2

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• 𑀦 (Brahmi script)
• न (Devanagari script)
• ন (Bengali script)
• න (Sinhalese script)
• န or ၼ (Burmese script)
• น or นะ (Thai script)
• ᨶ (Tai Tham script)
• ນ or ນະ (Lao script)
• ន (Khmer script)
• 𑄚 (Chakma script)

Etymology 1

Inherited from Sanskrit न (na).

Particle

na

1. no, not

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Adjective

na

1. (demonstrative) that

Declension

Declension table of "na" (masculine)

Case / Number	Singular	Plural
Accusative (second)	naṃ	ne
Dative (fourth)	nassa	nesaṃ
Genitive (sixth)	nassa	nesaṃ

Declension table of "nā" (feminine)

Case / Number	Singular
Accusative (second)	naṃ

Declension table of "na" (neuter)

Case / Number	Singular
Accusative (second)	naṃ
Dative (fourth)	nassa
Genitive (sixth)	nassa

Synonyms

• ta

Derived terms

• ena (“this”)
• nā (“her”)

Pronoun

na m or n

1. (demonstrative) that
2. him, it
3. (in the plural) them
   • 2006, The Fifth Book in the Suttanta-Pitaka: Majjhimanikāya (II)‎^[18], page 558:

     පුන ච පරං භන‍්තෙ, ඉමෙ ඉසිදත‍්තපුරාණා ථපතයො මමභත‍්තා
     මමයානා අහං නෙසං ජීවිතස‍්ස පදාතා යසස‍්ස ආහත‍්තා අථ ච පන
     නො තථා මයි නිපච‍්චාකාරං කරොන‍්ති යථා භගවති.

     Puna ca paraṃ bhante, ime isidattapurāṇā thapatayo mamabhattā
     mamayānā ahaṃ nesaṃ jīvitassa padātā yasassa āhattā atha ca pana
     no tathā mayi nipaccākāraṃ karonti yathā bhagavati.

     Furthermore, sir, these chamberlains Isidatta and Purāṇa share my meals and my carriages. I give them a livelihood and bring them renown. And yet they don’t show me the same level of devotion that they show to the Buddha.

Usage notes

Note that this is not used to reference, explicitly or implicitly, a neuter noun in the plural.

Declension

Declension table of "na" (masculine)

Case / Number	Singular	Plural
Accusative (second)	naṃ	ne
Dative (fourth)	nassa	nesaṃ
Genitive (sixth)	nassa	nesaṃ

Declension table of "na" (neuter)

Case / Number	Singular
Accusative (second)	naṃ
Dative (fourth)	nassa
Genitive (sixth)	nassa

Synonyms

• ta

References

Pali Text Society (1921–1925), “na”, in Pali-English Dictionary‎, London: Chipstead

Palula

Etymology 1

From Sanskrit न (na, “not”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /na/

Particle

na (negating, Perso-Arabic spelling نہ)

1. not
2. don't

References

• Henrik Liljegren; Naseem Haider (2011), “na”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎^[19], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “na”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /na/

Interjection

na (Perso-Arabic spelling نہ)

1. no!

References

• Henrik Liljegren; Naseem Haider (2011), “na”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎^[20], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

Papiamentu

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Portuguese nader.

Portuguese nader.

Kabuverdianu nader.

Papiamentu na

Derived from Portuguese na and Kabuverdianu na.

Preposition

na

1. at
2. in
3. inside
4. on

Etymology 2

Derived from Dutch naar.

Preposition

na

1. to
2. towards

Phuthi

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-nɪ̀a.

Verb

-na

1. to rain

Inflection

This entry needs an inflection-table template.

Polish

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ˈna/

• (Middle Polish) IPA^(key): /ˈna/
• (Greater Poland):
  • (Kociewie) IPA^(key): [ˈna]
• (Masovia):
  • (Far Masovian) IPA^(key): [ˈna]
  • (Łowicz) IPA^(key): [ˈna]
• (Lesser Poland):
  • (Kielce) IPA^(key): [ˈna]
  • (Lasovia) IPA^(key): [ˈna]
  • (Przemyśl) IPA^(key): [ˈna]

• Audio 1:

  (file)

• Audio 2:

  (file)

• Audio 3:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: na
• Homophone: -na

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₂en-der.

Proto-Balto-Slavic *nō

Proto-Slavic *na

Old Polish na

Polish na

Inherited from Old Polish na.

Preposition

na

1. denotes superessive position; on [with locative]

   Siedzę na koniu. ― I'm on a horse.

2. denotes location with events; at [with locative]

   Mieszkam na wsi. ― I live in the countryside.

3. denotes sublative movement; onto [with accusative]

   Uważaj, zaraz to na mnie spadnie! ― Watch out, it's going to fall on me!

4. denotes the length of time for which an action will be done; for, by [with accusative]

   Sprawozdanie ma być gotowe na piątą. ― The report should be ready by five o'clock.

5. denotes a goal or purpose; for, to deal with [with accusative]

   lek na grypę ― flu medication

   na zdrowie ― for [your] health; cheers; bless you.

6. denotes frequency; per [with accusative]

   pięć metrów na sekundę ― five meters per second

7. denotes manner [with accusative or adverb]

   pasażer na gapę ― stowaway

   deser na kwaśno ― sour dessert

8. (mathematics) surjective usage; onto [with accusative]
9. (Przemyśl) synonym of dla [with accusative]

   Bedzie interes na mnie. ― There's going to be a deal for me.

Derived terms

prepositions

• bez względu na
• przez wzgląd na
• w przeliczeniu na
• z uwagi na
• ze względu na
• zważywszy na

adjective

• na schwał

numerals

• na kopy
• na pęczki
• na tuziny

particles

• na pewno

Adjective

na (not comparable, no derived adverb)

1. (mathematics) onto; surjective

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *na.

Interjection

na

1. (obsolete or dialectal, Far Masovian, Malbork, Kielce, Lasovia, Łowicz) take it! here!

   Coordinate terms: (dialectal, plural) nacie, (dialectal, plural) nata

Usage notes

• When used as an adjective, this word is indeclinable, postpositive (when used attributively), and usually placed inside quotation marks, e.g. funkcja „na”.

Alternative forms

• ne (Podegrodzie)

Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), na is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 1784 times in scientific texts, 1884 times in news, 1681 times in essays, 1932 times in fiction, and 1319 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 8600 times, making it the 5th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.

Further reading

• “na”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎^[21] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• “na”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎^[22] (in Polish)
• Maria Renata Mayenowa, et al., editors (2010-2023), “na”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
• Maria Renata Mayenowa, et al., editors (2010-2023), “na”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
• “NA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 29.01.2012
• Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), “na”, in Słownik języka polskiego
• Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “na”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
• J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1904), “na”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 3, Warsaw, page 1
• Wojciech Grzegorzewicz (1894), “na”, in “O języku ludowym w powiecie przasnyskim”, in Sprawozdania Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności (in Polish), volume 5, Krakow: Akademia Umiejętności, page 115
• Dr Nadmorski (Józef Łęgowski) (1889), “na”, in “Spis wyrazów właściwych gwarze malborskiej i kociewskiej”, in Wisła. Miesięcznik Geograficzno-Etnograficzny (in Polish), volume 3 z.4, page 746
• Aleksander Saloni (1908), “na”, in “Lud rzeszowski”, in Materyały Antropologiczno-Archeologiczne i Etnograficzne‎^[23] (in Polish), volume 10, Kraków: Akademia Umiejętności, page 337
• Zygmunt Wasilewski (1895), “na”, in “Słowniczek wyrazów ludowych we wsi Jaksicach”, in Prace Filologiczne (in Polish), volume 5, Warsaw: skł. gł. w Księgarni E. Wende i Ska, page 93
• Oskar Kolberg (1865), “namcie”, in Lud. Jego zwyczaje, sposób życia, mowa, podania, przysłowia, obrzędy, gusła, zabawy, pieśni, muzyka i tańce. Serya II. Sandomierskie (in Polish), page 263
• Marzena Kozanecka-Zwierz, Magdalena Bartosiewicz, Renata Marciniak-Firadza, editors (2014), “na”, in Gwara – Księżaków "język ojczysty" Dziedzictwo regionu łowickiego (in Polish), Łowicz: Muzeum w Łowiczu, →ISBN, page 42
• Halina Świderska (1929), “na”, in Dialekt Księstwa Łowickiego (in Polish), Warsaw, →ISBN, page 116

Portuguese

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /na/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /nɐ/

• Audio (Brazil (São Paulo)):

  (file)

• Audio (Portugal (Porto)):

  (file)

• Hyphenation: na

Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese na, clipping of ena, from en (“in”) + a (“the”).

Contraction

na f sg

2. contraction of em +‎ a, literally “in the”: feminine singular of no
   • 2005, J. K. Rowling, translated by Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e o Enigma do Príncipe [Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince] (Harry Potter; 6), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 184:

     Eu estava na esperança de encontrá-lo antes do jantar!

     I was hoping to meet you before dinner!

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:no.

Etymology 2

Pronoun

na

2. alternative form of a (third-person feminine singular objective pronoun) used as an enclitic following a verb form ending in a nasal vowel or diphthong

Usage notes

• This form is not found in Brazilian speech.

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:no.

Potawatomi

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /na/

Particle

na

1. emphatic (clarification of this definition is needed)

   Nije na ginwa.

   How are you (plural)?

Derived terms

• nije na gin

References

• Lockwood, Hunter Thompson (2017), How the Potawatomi Language Lives: A Grammar of Potawatomi (PhD dissertation)‎^[24], Madison: University of Wisconsin-Madison, page 20

Pumpokol

Alternative forms

• ha (M., W.)

Etymology

Misrecording of ha (“day”).

Noun

na (Kl.)

1. day

Further reading

• Werner, Heinrich (2005), Die Jenissej-Sprachen des 18. Jahrhunderts, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 184

Purisimeño

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Compare Barbareño nan̓ and Ventureño naʼał.

Verb

na

1. to go, to go away

Alternative forms

• nan̓

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Conjunction

na

1. coordinating conjunction

   pi na no swi kakišʰutšù

   You and I have dogs

References

• Timothy Paul Henry-Rodriguez (2021), “na”, in Purisimeño-English, English-Purisimeño Lexicon: Final Edition‎^[25], page 20

Riantana

Pronoun

na

1. I

Romani

Etymology

From Sanskrit न (na, “no”).

Adverb

na

1. not

Interjection

na

1. right?; tag question

Particle

na

1. no

References

• Dieter W. Halwachs (19 September 2021 (last accessed)), “Morphology”, in Romani Projekt Graz‎^[26], archived from the original on 13 April 2016
• Yūsuke Sumi (2018), “na”, in ニューエクスプレスプラス　ロマ（ジプシー）語 [New Express Plus Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, published 2021, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 152

Romanian

Etymology

Cognate to Bulgarian на (na), from Proto-Slavic *na.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /na/
• Rhymes: -a

Interjection

na

1. here you are! take it!
2. filler word: like, you know, well

Further reading

• “na”, in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language) (in Romanian), 2004–2026

Samoan

Pronoun

na

1. he, she

See also

Samoan personal pronouns

			singular	dual	plural
1st person			aʻu, ʻou	māʻua, mā (exclusive) tāʻua, tā (inclusive)	mātou (exclusive) tātou (inclusive)
2nd person			ʻoe, ʻe	ʻoulua	ʻoutou, tou
3rd person			ia, na	lāʻua	lātou

References

• Milner, G.B. (1993), Samoan Dictionary, Auckland: Polynesian Press, →ISBN, page 153

Sango

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /na˩/

Conjunction

na

1. and

Preposition

na

1. to, toward
2. with

Scottish Gaelic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (etymologies 1-3) /na/, (etymologies 4-7) /nə/

Etymology 1

Univerbation of an (“in”) +‎ a (“his/her”).

Preposition

na (+ dative)

1. (triggers lenition) in his; in its
2. (triggers H-prothesis) in her; in its

Inflection

Possessive declension of an

		singular	plural
first person		namL	narN
second person		nadL	nurN
third person	m	naL	nanN, namN 1)
	f	naH

^L Triggers lenition; ^H Triggers H-prothesis;
^N Triggers eclipsis; ¹⁾ Used before b-, f-, m- or p-

Etymology 2

From Old Irish indás (“than (it) is”).

Conjunction

na

1. than

Etymology 3

From Old Irish ná.

Particle

na

1. don’t (particle used to introduce a negative imperative; triggers h-prothesis of a following vowel)

   Na bruidhinn!

   Do not speak!

2. Emphasises a negative reply to a question, with implied bitterness, frustration or anger.

   An do rinn iad e Disathairne? – Cha do rinn na!

   Did they do it on Saturday? – They certainly did not!

   • 1976, Iain Mac a’ Ghobhainn, chapter 4, in An t-Aonaran, page 17:

     Cò thubhairt a riamh gur e flùranan a th’ anns a’ chlann nighean, chan e na. Oir mas e, ’se flùranan a tha làn de phuinnsean.

     Who(ever) said that girls are flowers, they are not. For if they are, they're flowers full of poison.

Etymology 4

From Old Irish a (“that which”).

Pronoun

na (governs the relative form of the verb)

1. all that, that which, whatever, what

Etymology 5

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Article

na (triggers H-prothesis)

2. inflection of an (“the”):
   1. genitive singular feminine
   2. nominative or dative plural

Declension

Variation of na (definite article)

	masculine			feminine			plural
	nom.	dat.	gen.	nom.	dat.	gen.	nom.	dat.	gen.
+ f-	am	anL		anL		na	na		nam
+ m-, p- or b-	am	a'L		a'L		na	na		nam
+ c- or g-	an	a'L		a'L		na	na		nan
+ sV-, sl-, sn- or sr-	an	anT		anT		na	na		nan
+ other consonant	an	an		an		na	na		nan
+ vowel	anT	an		an		naH	naH		nan

^L Triggers lenition; ^H Triggers H-prothesis; ^T Triggers T-prothesis

Etymology 6

Univerbation of an (interrogative particle) +‎ do (past tense particle).

Particle

na

1. (colloquial) marks an interrogative in the past tense

   Na rinn thu sin? ― Did you do that?

Usage notes

• Particularly commonly used in Lewis and Skye.

Etymology 7

From Old Irish nó, nú.

Conjunction

na

1. alternative form of no

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *na.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /na/

• Audio:

  (file)

Preposition

na (Cyrillic spelling на)

1. on, at, in (with certain nouns, expressing location without a change of position, answering the question gdjȅ/gdȅ; see usage notes below) [with locative]

   knjiga je na stolu ― the book is on the table

   biti na koncertu ― to be at the concert

   biti na ulici ― to be in the street

   zv(ij)ezde na nebu ― stars in the sky

2. on (indicating medium) [with locative]

   čuti nešto na radiju ― to hear something on the radio

3. to, on, onto (with certain nouns, expressing the goal of motion, answering questions kùda (Bosnia, Serbia) or kȁmo (Croatia); see usage notes below) [with accusative]

   staviti knjigu na sto(l) ― to put a book on the table

   ići na koncert ― to go to a concert

4. for (with verbs of motion and certain other verbs, to express something which will last for a limited period; after that a reverse action is implied) [with accusative]

   otići nekuda/nekamo na dva dana ― to go somewhere for two days

5. in (used with seasons) [with accusative]

   na l(j)eto ― in summer, next summer, the following summer

6. noun attribute for permanent properties, such as sources of power or energy, but not including purpose [with accusative]

   krevet na kat ― bunk bed (literally, “bed on story, level”)

   podmornica na atomski pogon ― nuclear-powered submarine (literally, “submarine (run) on the nuclear power”)

   jaje na oko ― sunny-side up egg (literally, “egg on the eye”)

   ljubav na daljinu ― long-distance relationship (literally, “love on distance”)

   r(ij)eči na a ― words ending in a (literally, “words on a”)

7. by, on, through (adverbial phrase of manner) [with accusative]

   ući na prednja vrata ― to enter through the front door (literally, “to enter on the front door”)

   plaćena na sat ― paid by the hour (literally, “paid on an hour”)

   na brzinu ― hastily (literally, “on speed”)

   na vr(ij)eme ― on time

8. indirect object of certain verbs [with accusative]

   vikati na ljude ― to yell at people

   pods(j)ećati na nekog ― to remind of someone

9. a part of certain set expressions, which can be spelled also as one word in Croatian [with accusative]

   na sreću ― luckily

   na prim(j)er ― for example

Usage notes

na is used to indicate the location (with locative) or the goal of motion (with accusative), with:

• surfaces, either horizontal (table) or vertical (wall), including open spaces such as playgrounds, mountains, islands, most neighborhoods, pictures, the sky
• activities, such as ručak lunch, odmor vacation, posao work, predavanje lecture, sastanak meeting
• exposure to the sun, fresh air, wind, rain and snow (na suncu ― in the sun)
• limits: rub, ivica edge, početak beginning, kraj end, vrh top, dno bottom
• languages (na engleskom ― in English)
• with more sea, to express at/to the seaside; with selo village, to express in/to the countryside
• the noun fakultet

Interjection

na! (Cyrillic spelling на!)

1. Here you are! Take it!
2. Help yourself!

Shona

Shona cardinal numbers

<  3	4	5  >
Cardinal : na     Ordinal : china

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-nàì.

Adjective

-na

1. four

Inflection

Inflected forms

	plural only
class 2		vana
class 4		mina
class 6		mana
class 8		zvina
class 10		ina
class 13		tuna

Sicilian

Article

na f sg

1. (indefinite) a, an

See also

Sicilian articles

		singular		plural
		masculine	feminine
indefinite article		nu, un, 'n	na	—
definite article	liquid	lu	la	li
	illiquid	u, û	a, â	i, î

Silesian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈna/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: na

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₂en-der.

Proto-Balto-Slavic *nō

Proto-Slavic *na

Old Polish na

Silesian na

Inherited from Old Polish na.

Alternative forms

• nŏ

Preposition

na

1. denotes superessive position; on [with locative]

   Antonym: pod

2. denotes inessive position of some countries and regions; in, [with locative]

   Synonym: w

   Antonym: poza

3. denotes location with events; at [with locative]
4. denotes sublative movement; onto [with accusative]

   Synonyms: do, ku

5. denotes time; for [with accusative]
6. denotes measurement; by [with accusative]
7. denotes aim of an action; for [with accusative]
8. denotes color of painted object [with adverb]
9. denotes manner [with adverb]

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *na.

Interjection

na

1. used when giving someone something; here!

   Synonym: nańcie

2. filler word; well

Further reading

• na in dykcjonorz.eu
• na in silling.org

Slovak

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₂en-der.

Proto-Balto-Slavic *nō

Proto-Slavic *na

Slovak na

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *na, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *nō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂en-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /na/, [ˈna]
• Rhymes: -a

Preposition

na

1. (with locative) on (touching from above)

   Synonyms: navrchu, po

   • 1922, Terézia Vansová, Na Čertovici. In: Z našej dediny:

     Na koči sedel pán, cifrovaný, ako páni bývajú.

     A nobleman was sitting on the carriage in decorated clothes, as noblemen usually are.

2. (with locative) by, with, using (indicates a means or an instrument)

   Synonym: o

   • 1883, Pavol Dobšinský, O krásnej Ibronke. In: Prostonárodné slovenské povesti:

     Viezol sa tadiaľ na koči mladý pán a zazrel tú krásnu ľaliu.

     A young lord was travelling that way by carriage and he saw the beautiful lily.

3. (with locative) at (indicates time)
   • 1873, Ján Kalinčiak, Láska a pomsta. Chapter 1:

     Bol večer na konci jara.

     It was an evening at the end of the spring.

4. (with locative) at, because of (indicates reason)

   Synonyms: z, zo

   • 1930, Ladislav Nádaši-Jégé, Stolica sa smeje:

     Stolica sa na celej veci veľmi dobre zabávala.

     The whole office was very much amused by the whole matter.

5. (with locative, in connection with byť) on, usually translated with a corresponsing verb (indicates state)
   • 1938, Janko Jesenský, Demokrati Part 2:

     To naozaj nebolo na programe.

     That really was not planned.

6. (with accusative) on, to (indicates motion towards the upper surface of an object or contact with the object from any side)

   Synonyms: smerom na, smerom do, smerom k, o

   • 1846, Ján Kalinčiak, Milkov hrob. Chapter 10:

     Musel znovu vysadnúť na koňa a ísť za chlapom, ktorého poslal s ním kuchár.

     He had to mount the horse again and follow the man, whom the cook had sent with him.

7. (with accusative) for, on, to (indicates purpose or goal)

   Synonyms: po, proti, pri

   • 1842, Jozef Miloslav Hurban, Svadba kráľa veľkomoravského. Chapter 3:

     Takmer celý nasledujúci deň po príchode, určený na hry a rytierske preteky, strávil v rade.

     He spent almost the whole day after the arrival, which was dedicated to plays and tournaments, with the council.

8. (with accusative) at, on (indicates time)

   Synonyms: cez, počas, v

   • 1910, Ľudmila Podjavorinská, Žena:

     Štefan Zaťko, otec piatich detí, cez Vianoce pochoval ženu a na Tri krále prišiel o ohlášky.

     Štefan Zaťko, a father or five children, buried his wife at Christmas and on Epiphany he came to arrange his banns.

9. (with accusative) at, because of, of (indicates reason)

   Synonyms: s, so, z, zo

   • 1943, Dobroslav Chrobák, Drak sa vracia. Chapter 2:

     Nezomrel od staroby, ani na chorobu, ale po páde do jamy na hlinu.

     He did not die of old age, nor of a disease, but after he fell in a pit for dirt.

Further reading

• “na”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2026

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *na.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /na/

Preposition

na

1. (with locative) on (stationary)
2. (with accusative) onto (motion towards)
3. (with accusative) at, on (a moment in time)

Further reading

• “na”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
• “na”, in Termania, Amebis
• See also the general references

Slovincian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈna/
• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: na

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₂en-der.

Proto-Balto-Slavic *nō

Proto-Slavic *na

Slovincian na

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *na.

Preposition

na

1. denotes superessive position; on [with locative]
2. denotes sublative movement; onto [with accusative]
3. denotes time for which consequences of something may occur; for [with accusative]
4. denotes day on which something occurs; on

Derived terms

prefixes

• na-

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *na.

Interjection

na

1. well! now then!
2. good job!

Further reading

• Lorentz, Friedrich (1908), “na”, in Slovinzisches Wörterbuch‎^[27] (in German), volume 1, Saint Petersburg: ОРЯС ИАН, page 681
• Lorentz, Friedrich (1908), “na!”, in Slovinzisches Wörterbuch‎^[28] (in German), volume 1, Saint Petersburg: ОРЯС ИАН, page 682

Southern Ndebele

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-nɪ̀a.

Verb

-na

1. to rain

Inflection

This entry needs an inflection-table template.

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈna/ [ˈna]
• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: na

Etymology 1

Contraction of enna.

Contraction

na

1. (obsolete) contraction of en +‎ la, literally “in the”

Etymology 2

Representing accents where intervocalic /d/ is lost after a stressed syllable.

Alternative forms

• na', ná

Pronoun

na

1. (informal) pronunciation spelling of nada

   no pasa na ― it doesn't matter (literally, “nothing happens”)

Derived terms

• no ni na

Further reading

• “na”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025

Sranan Tongo

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /na/

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

• a

Article

na

1. the (definite singular article)

   Na liba e lon na a bigi se.

   The river flows to the ocean.

Etymology 2

Particle

na

1. to be (copula)

   A man disi na wan bigidagu.

   This man is a big shot.

Usage notes

Unlike for verbs, the aspect cannot be modified by particles such as ben, (d)e, sa and (g)o. If an aspect needs to be indicated, the verb de is used instead.

Etymology 3

Perhaps borrowed from Dutch naar.

Alternative forms

• a

Preposition

na

1. at; to; on; according to

   A de na oso.

   He (or she) is at home.

   Na liba e lon na a bigi se.

   The river flows to the ocean.

Synonyms

• (on): na tapu
• (to): go na, g'a

Sumerian

Romanization

na

1. romanization of 𒈾

Sundanese

Etymology 1

From Old Sundanese na. Analyzed as a shortening of naha

Adverb

na (Sundanese spelling ᮔ)

1. (interrogative, uncommon) why

   Na maké nyalahkeun kuring?!

   Why are you blaming me?!

2. how, what (modifier to indicate an exclamation.)

   Na aya budak bangor-bangor teuing

   What a naughty child

Derived terms

• naeun
• naon

Etymology 2

Perhaps inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-na (“that, there; then”)

Preposition

na (Sundanese spelling ᮔ)

1. at, on, in

   Synonyms: di, dina

Derived terms

• dina

Further reading

• "NA", in Coolsma, S (1913), Soendaneesch-Hollandsch Woordenboek (in Dutch), Leiden: A.W. Sijthoff's Uitgeversmaatschappij
• "na" in Maman Sumantri; Atjep Djamaludin; Achmad Patoni; R.H. Moch. Koerdie; M.O. Koesman; Epa Sjafei Adisastra. (1985), Kamus Sunda-Indonesia [Sundanese-Indonesian Dictionary] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Department of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia

Swahili

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Bantu *nà. Akin to Lingala na, Luganda na.

Pronunciation

• (Unguja standard) IPA^(key): /nɑ/

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Conjunction

Other scripts
Ajami	نَـ

na

1. and

Usage notes

Older or more conservative Swahili writings only use na to connect two nouns, never to connect two adjectives; the second adjective is changed into an abstract noun instead. However, in modern colloquial Swahili, this is not always the case.

Preposition

Other scripts
Ajami	نَـ

na

1. with
   • 18th century, Abdallah bin Ali bin Nasir, Al-Inkishafi‎^[29], stanza 9:

     كِطَّمْسِكِزَ گَوُجُهَّالِ ، نُرُ نَمِيَاغَ اِتَظَلَالِ

     Kiṭamsi-kiza cha-ujuhali, nuru na-mianga itaẓalali

     Brightness and lights will overcome the shadow and darkness of ignorance

2. by

Usage notes

na can be suffixed with special suffixes (for human pronominals) or any -o of reference (for other objects) to inflect it with an object (for example, nayo = "with it"):

Inflection

Object-inflected forms of na

		singular	plural
1st person		nami	nasi
2nd person		nawe	nanyi
3rd person	m-wa(I/II)	naye	nao
	m-mi(III/IV)	nao	nayo
	ji-ma(V/VI)	nalo	nayo
	ki-vi(VII/VIII)	nacho	navyo
	n(IX/X)	nayo	nazo
	u(XI)	nao	see n(X) or ma(VI)
	ku(XV/XVII)	nako
	pa(XVI)	napo
	mu(XVIII)	namo

For a full table, see Appendix:Swahili personal pronouns.

Verb

Other scripts
Ajami	ـنَ

-na

1. present stem of -wa na (“to have”)

   sinacho ― I do not have it

Swazi

Particle

nâ

1. Interrogative particle; indicates a yes-no question. Placed at the end of the sentence.

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Swedish hana, accusative form of hon. In most dialects, the corresponding dative form (henne, in Old Norse: hænni) has taken its place. Compare Norwegian Nynorsk na, Icelandic hana .

Pronoun

na

1. (dialectal) her; accusative/dative of hon

   Synonym: henne

   – Har hon sett'na? – Jo, hon såg'na igår, och gav'na brevet. Jag var hem ti'na [till'na] igår och snacka [snackade] me'na [med'na] [clipping "till," "med," and "-de" from the past tense is common in general and not dialectal].

   – Has she seen her? – Yeah, she saw her yesterday, and gave her the letter. I went to her house ["was home to her" – standard] yesterday and talked to her.

   • 1986, “Botjitta”, in Osencurrerat [deliberately misspelled] [Uncensored]‎^[30], performed by Iggesundsgänget:

     Jag tog och satte på'na, det var en enkel sak, och herregud vad det smakade bra.

     I went ahead and fucked her, it was an easy thing, and oh my god, it tasted so good.

   • 1993, Ronny & Ragge, “Pökpåsen [The rubber]”, in Let's Pök! [Let's Bone!]‎^[31]:

     På morgonen nästa dag så var jag så jävla glad. Skulle kyssa'na på munnen, men då var hon försvunnen. Var är mitt pök?

     In the morning the next day I was so damn happy. Was going to kiss her on the mouth, but then she was gone. Where is my hook-up?

Usage notes

• Common enough to be universally understood by native speakers.
• Rarely in written form unless supposed to imitate (dialectal) speech. See also the usage notes for honom.

See also

• en

Anagrams

• -an, an, an-

Tagalog

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /na/ [n̪ɐ]
• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: na

Etymology 1

Influenced by Baybayin character ᜈ (na).

Etymology 2

Compare , , , and .

Adverb

1. already; now; anymore ()

2. already; now ()

3. already; now ()

Adjective

1. already; now ()

2. now; already ()

Etymology 3

Ligature

1. : which is; that is; who is

   3. : that; to

Usage notes

• na becomes the suffix if the preceding word ends in a vowel.

• Words ending in -n will become -ng ()

• It becomes the interfix in compound words, if the preceding stem ends in a vowel.

• It becomes the interfix in compound words, where the next stem starts with a (b) or (p).

• It becomes the interfix in compound words, where the next stem starts with a (d), (s), or (t).

• Words ending with -n inside compounds ending will become -ng- ()

Tày

Etymology

From . Cognate with , , , , , , .

Adjective

1. thick

2. bold, brave

Tok Pisin

Etymology

From .

Conjunction

1. and

Tooro

Etymology 1

From . Cognate with and . .

Numeral

1. four

Declension

! Noun class ! indefinite ! definite |- | ! 2 | | |- | ! 4 | | |- | ! 6 | | |- | ! 8 | | |- | ! 10 | | |- | ! 13 | | |- | ! 14 | | |- | ! 16 | | |- | class="separator" colspan="999" | |- ! colspan="2" | adverbial form |

Etymology 2

From . Cognate with , and .

Conjunction

1. and
2. with, by

Adverb

1. even

Turkish

Interjection

1. here it is! take it!

References

• https://karadeniz.gov.tr/yerel-sozluk-2/

Tzotzil

Etymology

From .

Noun

1. house

Inflection

possessive forms of na

indefinite possession
nail
	singular	plural
		inclusive	exclusive
1st	jna	jnatik	jnakutik  jnatikotik
2nd	ana	anaik
3rd	sna	snaik

References

• Laughlin, Robert M. (1975) The Great Tzotzil Dictionary of San Lorenzo Zinacantán. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.
• Laughlin, Robert M. [et al.] (1988) The Great Tzotzil Dictionary of Santo Domingo Zinacantán, vol. I. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.

Unami

Etymology 1

Pronoun

1. that

Etymology 2

Particle

1. then

Venda

Conjunction

1. and
2. with

Venetan

Article

1. a, an

Vietnamese

Etymology 1

Possibly a direct loan from or through other intermediaries. Compare and .

Noun

(classifier )

1. sugar apple ()

Etymology 2

Sino-Vietnamese word from .

Verb

1. to carry, to move something laboriously

Welsh

Etymology 1

From , from , from , ultimately from + . Cognate with and .

Interjection

1. no

Particle

1. not
2. don’t

Usage notes

• Triggers mixed mutation (i.e. aspirate of , , and soft of remaining mutatable letters) of a following consonant.
• The form is used before a vowel. When the following consonant is , which disappears under soft mutation, the form remains, thus + becomes , not * .

Conjunction

1. that … not

Usage notes

• Triggers mixed mutation (i.e. aspirate of , , and soft of remaining mutatable letters) of a following consonant.
• The form is used before a vowel. When the following consonant is , which disappears under soft mutation, the form remains, thus + becomes , not * .
• The form is always before an element fronted for emphasis.

Etymology 2

Variant of , probably from rebracketing of the comparative “*-achn ” as “ ”.

Conjunction

1. than
2. neither, nor

West Ambae

Pronoun

1. I

References

• Saurov Syed and Aly Turrell, Bipartite negation in Nduindui: Empirical generalisations and theoretical challenges (2025)

Xhosa

Etymology 2

From .

Verb

1. to rain

Inflection

This verb needs an [[:Category: verb inflection-table templates|inflection-table template]].

Ye'kwana

Verb

1. to clear (a conuco garden)
2. to clear (brush)

Yola

Etymology 1

From , from , from . Cognates include and .

Determiner

1. no

Particle

1. no

Etymology 2

.

Article

1. of the
2. in the

Etymology 3

Adverb

1. • 1867, “GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY“, page 34:

Yoruba

Etymology 1

Verb

1. to beat; to hit; to smack

2. to defeat

Usage notes

• na before a direct object.

Etymology 2

Verb

1. to spend

2. to cost

3. to haggle; to bargain
   1. to trade; to go to the market

Etymology 3

Verb

1. to stretch; to raise

2. to aim; to point

Usage notes

• na before a direct object.

Zaghawa

Pronoun

1. you (singular); thou

   Na dô neygini? : Are you tired?

References

• Beria-English English-Beria Dictionary [provisional] ADESK, Iriba, Kobe Department, Chad

Zazaki

Pronoun

1. this

Zhuang

Etymology

From . Cognate with , , , , , .

Adjective

1. thick (with opposite surfaces far apart)

2. dense; thick

Zia

Pronoun

1. I

Zou

Etymology 1

From .

Noun

1. leaf

Etymology 2

From .

Verb

1. to breathe

Etymology 3

From , from .

Verb

1. to be painful
2. to be ill, sick

Etymology 4

From .

Particle

1. : you
2. : your, thine

See also

|- ! rowspan=2 | ! colspan=3 | singular ! colspan=4 | plural |- ! | I ! | II ! | III ! | I incl. ! | I excl. ! | II ! | III |- ! | subject/object | | | rowspan=2 | | rowspan=2 | | rowspan=2 |
| rowspan=2 |
| rowspan=2 |
|- ! | indirect object | |

|- ! | verbal concord | | | | | | |

Zulu

Etymology 1

Possibly from .

Etymology 2

From .

Verb

1. to rain