-ti

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ti"

Basque

Etymology 1

Unknown.

Suffix

-ti

1. Forms adjectives from nouns.

   ‎gezur (“lie”) + ‎-ti → ‎gezurti (“liar”)

Derived terms

Basque terms suffixed with -ti

abesti

basati

ezti

gaixoti

gezurti

iruzurti

lotsati

mahasti

sagasti

Etymology 2

Unknown.

Suffix

-ti

1. (archaic, Biscayan) via, by means of

Further reading

• “-ti” in Labayru Hiztegia

Czech

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *-tisder.

Proto-Balto-Slavic *-tei

Proto-Slavic *-ti

Czech -ti

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ti.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ cɪ]

Suffix

-ti

1. (archaic) the infinitive ending

Related terms

• -ci
• -t

Estonian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Suffix

-ti

1. Derives adverbs, which are generally distributive.

   koht "place" → kohati "in places", "in some areas"

   paik "place" → paiguti "in places", "in some areas"

   riik "country" → riigiti "in countries", "country-by-country"

   rööpne "parallel" (adjective) → rööbiti "in a parallel relationship"

2. Derives habitual temporal adverbs

   hommik "morning" → hommikuti "in the mornings"

   reede "Friday" → reedeti "on Fridays"

Derived terms

Estonian terms suffixed with -ti

hommikuti

laupäeviti

samuti

suguti

viimati

õhtuti

Fala

Pronoun

-ti

1. Clitic form of te (“you”)

See also

Fala personal pronouns

			nominative	dative	accusative	disjunctive
singular	first person		ei	me, -mi		mi
	second person		tú	te, -ti		ti
	third person	m	el	le, -li	uLV, oM	el
		f	ela		a	ela
plural	first person	common	nos	musL nusLV nos, -nusM		nos
		m	noshotrusM			noshotrusM
		f	noshotrasM			noshotrasM
	second person	common	vos	vusLV vos, -vusM		vos
		m	voshotrusM			voshotrusM
		f	voshotrasM			voshotrasM
	third person	m	elis	le, -li	usLV, osM	elis
		f	elas		as	elas
third person reflexive			—	se, -si		sí

Dialects:  ^L Lagarteiru   ^M Mañegu   ^V Valverdeñu

References

• Valeš, Miroslav (2021), Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web), 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN, page 265

Faroese

Etymology

From Old Norse -tigr, from Proto-Germanic *tigiwiz, plural of *teguz.

Suffix

-ti

1. -ty (multipliers of ten)

Derived terms

• áttati
• fimmti
• fjøruti
• níti
• seksti
• sjeyti
• tríati

Finnish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /-ti(ˣ)/, [-t̪i(ʔ)]

Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *-t'ik. Equivalent to the abessive case ending -tta +‎ -i.

Suffix

-ti

1. Forms caritive adverbs.

   alasti ― naked, without clothing

   juomati ― without drinking

   ääneti ― silently; without sound

2. (dialectal, Uusimaa, South Tavastian) The ending for the abessive case.

   Synonym: -tta

Usage notes

In the Uusimaa and South Tavastian dialects, the -ti has become the abessive ending, replacing the original -tta.

Derived terms

Finnish terms suffixed with -ti (caritive)

alasti

huoleti

kaiketi

liikkumati

ääneti

Etymology 2

From Proto-Finnic *-t'ik. Equivalent to -tta +‎ -i.

Suffix

-ti

1. Forms adverbs of manner.

   ‎ikä (“age”) + ‎-ti → ‎iäti (“forever, for all age”)

Derived terms

Finnish terms suffixed with -ti (manner)

alati

iäti

oieti

oitis

olleti

peräti

saati

vaiti

yhäti

Garifuna

Suffix

-ti

1. nominalizing suffix deriving agent nouns of masculine gender (see -tu for feminine).

   Arufudaha ― to teach

   Arufudahati ― teacher

   Ouchaha ― to fish

   Ouchahati ― fisherman

Italian

Pronoun

-ti

1. (enclitic) alternative form of ti

   dare (“to give”) → darti (“to give yourself; to give you; to give for you”)

   vendere (“to sell”) → venderti (“to sell yourself; to sell you; to sell to you”)

   servire (“to serve”) → servirti (“to serve yourself; to serve you; to serve to you”)

Usage notes

Appended to present active infinitive verb forms to derive reflexive, accusative and dative forms when the object is second singular person. The final -e of the original infinitive is removed :

-are → -arti

-ere → -erti

-ire → -irti

Where the verb ends in -rre, the final re is removed, leaving behind just an -r:

introdurre (“to introduce”) → introdurti (“to introduce yourself; to introduce you; to insert in you”)

In any case, after the suffixation, there is only a single r and no vowels immediately before -ti.

Becomes -te when followed by a third person direct object clitic (lo, la, li, le, or ne):

aver (“to have”) + -ti + -ne → avertene (“to have yourself [something] of [something]”)

Latin

Suffix

-tī

1. inflection of -tus:
   1. masculine/neuter genitive singular
   2. masculine nominative/vocative plural

Middle English

Suffix

-ti

1. alternative form of -ty

Pipil

Pronunciation

• (standard) IPA^(key): /ti/

Suffix

-ti

1. Nominal absolutive suffix

   *tuch- → tuchti

   *es- → esti

2. Inchoative derivation verb suffix (non-productive)

   *taka- → takati

   *teki- → tekiti

Usage notes

• The truncated form -t of the nominal absolutive suffix is used with vowel-ending stems.

Sassarese

Pronoun

-ti

1. enclitic form of ti; appended to polysyllabic second-person singular imperative forms

   ciama (“call!”) → ciàmati (“call yourself!”)

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ti.

Suffix

-ti (Cyrillic spelling -ти)

1. the infinitive ending

Related terms

• -ći

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *-ti.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /-ti/, /-tí/

Suffix

-ti or -tȉ

1. The infinitive ending.

Related terms

• -či

Turkish

preceding vowel
a / ı	e / i	o / u	ö / ü
-tı	-ti	-tu	-tü

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ti/

Suffix

-ti

1. Form of -tı after the vowels E / İ.

   ‎al- (“to take”) + ‎-ın (“to take offense”) + ‎-tı → ‎alıntı (“quotation, citation”)

   ‎ak- (“to flow”) + ‎-ın + ‎-tı → ‎akıntı (“flow, current, stream”)

   ‎çıt (“click or crack sound”) + ‎-ır + ‎-tı → ‎çıtırtı (“clicking, cracking”)

   ‎mor (“purple”) + ‎-ar (“to turn purple”) + ‎-tı → ‎morartı (“bruise, a purplish spot”)

Etymology 2

Etymology tree

Proto-Turkic *-di

Old Anatolian Turkish ـدی (-dı, -di)

Ottoman Turkish ـدی (-dı, -di)

Turkish -ti

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ـدی (-dı, -di), from Old Anatolian Turkish ـدی (-dı, -di), from Proto-Turkic *-di.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈ-ti/

Suffix

	preceding vowel
	a / ı	e / i	o / u	ö / ü
default	-dı	-di	-du	-dü
assimilated	-tı	-ti	-tu	-tü

-ti

1. past tense suffix, used when the last letter of the verb is one of the following: f, s, t, k, ç, ş, h, p; and the preceding vowel is either e or i.

   et(-mek) (“(to) do”) → etti (“he/she/it did”)

   git(-mek) (“(to) go”) → gitti (“he/she/it went”)

2. used in nouns to indicate that it has been seen in the past; equivalent to English was — were

   et (“meat”) → etti (“it was a meat”)

   ip (“string”) → ipti (“it was a string”)

3. (dialectal) reduplicated to form the pluperfect

   gittiydi (“he/she/it had gone”)

   Synonym: -mişti

Usage notes

• Personal suffixes are added after "-ti".

  git + -ti + -m → gittim (“I went”)

  git + -ti + -n → gittin (“you went”)

  git + -ti → gitti (“he/she/it went”)

  git + -ti + -k → gittik (“we went”)

  git + -ti + -niz → gittiniz (“you (pl.) went”)

  git + -ti + -ler → gittiler (“they went”)