с

See also: С, c, сь, с-, с., -с, Appendix:Variations of "s", and Appendix:Variations of "c"

Languages (54)

Abaza • Abkhaz • Aghul • Alutor • Archi • Avar • Azerbaijani • Bashkir • Belarusian • Bulgarian • Buryat • Chechen • Chukchi • Chuvash • Crimean Tatar • Dargwa • Dungan • East Circassian • Eastern Mari • Even • Evenki • Ingush • Itelmen • Kalmyk • Kazakh • Khakas • Kumyk • Kyrgyz • Lezgi • Macedonian • Mongolian • Nivkh • Northern Mansi • Old Church Slavonic • Old Novgorodian • Orok • Ossetian • Pannonian Rusyn • Romanian • Russian • Serbo-Croatian • Southern Altai • Tabasaran • Tajik • Tatar • Tundra Nenets • Tuvan • Udmurt • Ukrainian • Uzbek • West Circassian • Western Mari • Yakut

Page categories

с	U+0441, с CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ES

← р
[U+0440]

Cyrillic

т →
[U+0442]

Character variations

ᲃ	U+1C83, ᲃ CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER WIDE ES

← ᲂ
[U+1C82]

Cyrillic Extended-C

ᲄ →
[U+1C84]

Translingual

English Wikipedia has an article on:

с

Wikipedia

Letter

с (lower case, upper case С)

A letter of the Cyrillic script, called es.

Letter

с (lower case, upper case С)

A letter of the Old Cyrillic script, called slovo.

Gallery

Regular.
Italics.
Handwritten.

Usage notes

The Unicode character ᲃ (U+1C83 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER WIDE ES) is a manuscript variant, not a distinct letter.

Abaza

Letter

с • (s) (lower case, upper case С)

The forty-second letter of the Abaza alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

Abkhaz

Letter

с • (s) (lower case, upper case С)

The thirty-sixth letter of the Abkhaz alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

Aghul

Letter

с (s) (lower case, upper case С)

The twenty-ninth letter of the Aghul alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

Alutor

Letter

с (transliteration needed) (lower case, upper case С)

The twenty-fifth letter of the Alutor alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

Archi

Letter

с (s) (lower case, upper case С)

The sixtieth letter of the Archi alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

Avar

Letter

с • (s) (lower case, upper case С)

The twenty-sixth letter of the Avar alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

Azerbaijani

Letter

с (lower case, upper case С)

The twenty-third letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

Bashkir

Pronunciation

(phoneme) IPA^(key): /s/

Letter

с • (s) (lower case, upper case С)

The twenty-fourth letter of the Bashkir alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

Belarusian

Pronunciation

(phoneme) IPA^(key): /s/

Letter

с • (s) (lower case, upper case С)

The nineteenth letter of the Belarusian alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

Bulgarian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [sɤ]

Letter

с • (s) (lower case, upper case С)

The eighteenth letter of the Bulgarian alphabet, called съ (s) and written in the Cyrillic script.

Etymology 2

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *sem-

Proto-Indo-European *sm̥-

Proto-Balto-Slavic *san?

Proto-Indo-European *ḱe?

Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm?

Proto-Slavic *sъ(n)

Old Church Slavonic съ (sŭ)

Bulgarian с

Inherited from Old Church Slavonic съ (sŭ), from Proto-Slavic *sъ(n).

Alternative forms

със (săs)
съ (s) — Pre-reform orthography (1945)

Pronunciation

(before vowels and voiceless consonants) IPA^(key): [s]
Audio: (file)
(before voiced consonants) IPA^(key): [z]

Preposition

с • (s)

in the company of, alongside, with, and
Той отиде с приятелите си.
Toj otide s prijatelite si.
He went with his friends.

мляко с кафе
mljako s kafe
milk with coffee

ние с тебе
nie s tebe
you (sg.) and we

хляб с масло
hljab s maslo
bread and butter
used to indicate interaction, with
смесвам се с тълпата
smesvam se s tălpata
to mingle with the crowd
used to show the instrument of the action, with, by, by means of
режа с нож
reža s nož
to cut with a knife

пътувам с кола/автобус/влак
pătuvam s kola/avtobus/vlak
to travel by car/bus/train
used to indicate the material used, in
пиша с мастило
piša s mastilo
to write in ink

работя с метали
rabotja s metali
to work in metals

търгувам с жито
tărguvam s žito
to deal in wheat
used to show how or in what way something is done, with, by
Той говореше за дъщеря си с голяма гордост.
Toj govoreše za dăšterja si s goljama gordost.
He spoke about his daughter with great pride.

слушам с внимание
slušam s vnimanie
to listen with attention

стоя с ръце в джобовете
stoja s răce v džobovete
to stand with one's hands in one's pockets

с всичка сила
s vsička sila
with all one's might

със сила
săs sila
by force

улучвам с първия изстрел
ulučvam s părvija izstrel
to hit at the first shot
because of something and as it happens, with
Сенките се издължиха с наближаването на залеза.
Senkite se izdălžiha s nabližavaneto na zaleza.
The shadows lengthened with the approach of sunset.

Умението идва с практика.
Umenieto idva s praktika.
Skill comes with practice.
used to indicate simultaneous happening, or immediate succession or consequence, with
Книгата падна на пода с голям трясък.
Knigata padna na poda s goljam trjasăk.
The book fell to the floor with a loud bang.

С влизането попита стопанина дали може да пренощува.
S vlizaneto popita stopanina dali može da prenoštuva.
Immediately after he entered he asked the landlord if he could spend the night there.
used to indicate according to what something develops or changes, with, over
Налягането се мени с дълбочината.
Naljaganeto se meni s dălbočinata.
The pressure varies with the depth.

Здравето ѝ трябва да се подобри с времето.
Zdraveto ì trjabva da se podobri s vremeto.
Her health should improve with time.

Тя се промени много с годините.
Tja se promeni mnogo s godinite.
She has changed a lot over the years.
having a particular characteristic, possession, etc., with, of
момче със зелени очи
momče săs zeleni oči
a boy with green eyes

яке с качулка
jake s kačulka
a jacket with a hood

човек с голям опит
čovek s goljam opit
a man of great experience
used to indicate the specific thing or person that is being referred to, with
Моля те, внимавай с тези кутии.
Molja te, vnimavaj s tezi kutii.
Please be careful with those boxes.

Не съм много добре с компютрите.
Ne săm mnogo dobre s kompjutrite.
I'm not very good with computers.
used to say that someone or something is the object of attention, behavior, or a feeling, with, to, towards, of
гордея се с някого
gordeja se s njakogo
to be proud of someone

Какво стана с приятеля ти?
Kakvo stana s prijatelja ti?
What happened with your friend?
in the performance, condition, behavior, or quality of something/someone, with
Какъв е проблемът с колата ти?
Kakăv e problemăt s kolata ti?
What's the problem with your car?
used in exclamations consisting of a repeated noun phrase and expressing blame, indignation, dissatisfaction, etc.
Глупак с глупак!
Glupak s glupak!
You silly fool!
used to indicate the thing or person that replaces something/someone, for, by, with
заменям A с B
zamenjam A s B
to replace A with B

Бих искал да заменя този пуловер с по-малък.
Bih iskal da zamenja tozi pulover s po-malăk.
I'd like to exchange this sweater for a smaller one.
used to indicate a large amount of something (most commonly time), for, in
Чаках те с часове в дъжда.
Čakah te s časove v dăžda.
I waited for you for hours in the rain.

Не съм го виждал с години.
Ne săm go viždal s godini.
I haven't seen him in years.

Хора с хиляди се тълпяха да я видят.
Hora s hiljadi se tălpjaha da ja vidjat.
People flocked in their thousands to see her.
used when comparing to indicate the difference in quantity, age, etc., by, with
с няколко години по-млад
s njakolko godini po-mlad
a few years younger

в сравнение с
v sravnenie s
in comparison with/compared with
used to indicate connection, joining, with, to
Полицията не можаха да я свържат с престъплението.
Policijata ne možaha da ja svăržat s prestăplenieto.
Police were unable to connect her to the crime.

свързвам се с някого
svărzvam se s njakogo
to get in touch with someone
used to indicate separation from someone/something, with
Тя се раздели с приятелите си заради инцидента.
Tja se razdeli s prijatelite si zaradi incidenta.
She broke ties with her friends because of the incident.
in opposition to somebody/something, with, against
боря се с бедността
borja se s bednostta
to struggle against poverty

Скарахме се със съседите заради височината на оградата.
Skarahme se săs săsedite zaradi visočinata na ogradata.
We had a disagreement with our neighbors over the height of the new fence.
used to say that something fills something, covers something, etc., with, of, by
Гаражът е пълен с боклуци.
Garažăt e pălen s bokluci.
The garage is filled with junk.

бутилка, пълна с мляко
butilka, pălna s mljako
a bottle full of milk

Езерото е заобиколено с дървета.
Ezeroto e zaobikoleno s dărveta.
The lake is surrounded with trees.
used in wishes, greetings, salutations, parting phrases, etc.
Със здраве! ― Săs zdrave! ― So long!

с най-добри пожелания ― s naj-dobri poželanija ― (with) best wishes

с поздрав ― s pozdrav ― best regards

с уважение ― s uvaženie ― respectfully yours

сбогом ― sbogom ― goodbye

Usage notes

In writing, със is used in front of words starting with с or з and с is used elsewhere. In speech, с and със are used interchangeably. In writing and in speech, със is also used as a stressed form of с, even before words not beginning with с or з, as in

със или без твоя помощ

săs ili bez tvoja pomošt

with or without your help

In verse, със can also be used in front of words not starting with с or з in order to maintain the syllable structure of the line.

References

“с”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
“с”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010

Anagrams

с- (s-)

Buryat

Letter

с • (s) (lower case, upper case С)

The twentieth letter of the Buryat alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

Chechen

Letter

с • (s) (lower case, upper case С)

The twenty-sixth letter of the Chechen alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

Chukchi

Letter

с (transliteration needed) (lower case, upper case С)

The twenty-second letter of the Chukchi alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

Chuvash

Letter

с • (s) (lower case, upper case С)

The twenty-first letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

Crimean Tatar

Letter

с (s) (lower case, upper case С)

The twenty-second letter of the Crimean Tatar alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

Dargwa

Letter

с • (s) (lower case, upper case С)

The twenty-sixth letter of the Dargwa alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

Dungan

Letter

с • (s) (lower case, upper case С)

The twenty-second letter of the Dungan alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

East Circassian

Letter

с • (s) (lower case, upper case С)

The thirty-sixth letter of the East Circassian alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

Eastern Mari

Letter

с • (s) (lower case, upper case С)

The twenty-first letter of the Eastern Mari alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

Even

Letter

с (s) (lower case, upper case С)

The twenty-second letter of the Even alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

Evenki

Letter

с • (s) (lower case, upper case С)

The twentieth letter of the Evenki alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

Ingush

Letter

с • (s) (lower case, upper case С)

The twenty-fifth letter of the Ingush alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

Itelmen

Letter

с (transliteration needed) (lower case, upper case С)

The twenty-ninth letter of the Itelmen alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

Kalmyk

Letter

с • (s) (lower case, upper case С)

The twenty-fourth letter of the Kalmyk alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

Kazakh

Alternative scripts
Arabic	س
Cyrillic	с
Latin	s

Pronunciation

(phoneme) IPA^(key): /s/

Letter

с • (s) (lower case, upper case С)

The twenty-fourth letter of the Kazakh alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

Khakas

Letter

с • (s) (lower case, upper case С)

The twenty-third letter of the Khakas alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

Kumyk

Letter

с • (s) (lower case, upper case С)

The twenty-fourth letter of the Kumyk alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

Kyrgyz

Letter

с • (s) (lower case, upper case С)

The twenty-first letter of the Kyrgyz alphabet, called эс (es) and written in the Cyrillic script.

Lezgi

Letter

с • (s) (lower case, upper case С)

The twenty-fifth letter of the Lezgi alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

Macedonian

Pronunciation

(phoneme): IPA^(key): /s/
(letter name): IPA^(key): [sə]

Letter

с • (s) (lower case, upper case С)

The twenty-second letter of the Macedonian alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

Mongolian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈs/
Syllabification: с

Letter

с • (s) (lower case, upper case С)

The twentieth letter of the Mongolian alphabet, called эс (es) and written in the Cyrillic script.

Nivkh

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /s/

Letter

с (s) (lower case, upper case С)

The twenty-eighth letter of the Nivkh alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

Northern Mansi

Letter

с (s) (lower case, upper case С)

The twenty-fifth letter of the Northern Mansi alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

Old Church Slavonic

Letter

с • (s) (lower case, upper case С)

A letter of the Old Church Slavonic alphabet, called слово (slovo) and written in the Old Cyrillic script.

Old Novgorodian

Pronunciation

(9^th‒15^th c. CE) IPA^(key): /s/

Letter

с • (s) (lower case, upper case С)

The eighteenth letter of the Old Novgorodian alphabet, written in the Old Cyrillic script.

Orok

Letter

с (s) (lower case, upper case С)

The twenty-fifth letter of the Orok alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

Ossetian

Pronunciation

(phoneme) IPA^(key): /s~ʃ/

Letter

с • (s) (lower case, upper case С)

The twenty-fifth letter of the Ossetian alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

Pannonian Rusyn

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈs]

Letter

с (s) (lower case, upper case С)

The twenty-first letter of the Pannonian Rusyn alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

Romanian

Letter

с (s) (lower case, upper case С)

The nineteenth letter of the Moldovan alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

Russian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [s], [sʲ], [z], [zʲ], [ʂ], [ʐ], [ɕː]
Audio: (file)

Letter

с • (s) (lower case, upper case С)

The nineteenth letter of the Russian alphabet, called эс (es) and written in the Cyrillic script.

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sъ(n), see there for more.

Alternative forms

съ (s) — pre-1918 spelling
со (so) (before words beginning with certain awkward consonant clusters such as мн (mn), вс (vs), and сн (sn))

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [s] (before vowels, voiceless consonants, voiced consonants that do not have a voiceless pair, and в (v))
- IPA^(key): [sʲ] (before aforementioned consonants if palatalised)
- IPA^(key): [ʂ] (possible allophone before ш (š))
- IPA^(key): [ɕː] (possible allophone resulting from merger with the following ч (č) or щ (šč))
IPA^(key): [z] (before the voiced consonants б (b), г (g), д (d), з (z) and ж (ž))
- IPA^(key): [zʲ] (before aforementioned consonants if palatalised)
- IPA^(key): [ʐ] (possible allophone before ж (ž))
IPA^(key): [sə] (when pausing to think)
Audio: (file)

Preposition

с • (s)

[with instrumental]
1. with
  с (мои́м) бра́том ― s (moím) brátom ― with (my) brother
  
  с (мое́й) сестро́й ― s (mojéj) sestrój ― with (my) sister
  
  со все́ми ― so vsémi ― with everybody
  
  со мной ― so mnoj ― with me
  
  с тобо́й ― s tobój ― with you
2. with (in certain time expressions)
  с ка́ждым го́дом ― s káždym gódom ― from year to year, year by year, year after year (literally, “with each year”)
[with genitive]
1. from, off, from off, from below (with abstract nouns; nouns entailing a flat, open area; and special exceptions)
  с по́чты ― s póčty ― from the post office
  
  с по́ля ― s pólja ― from the field
  
  с рабо́ты ― s rabóty ― from work
  
  со стола́ ― so stolá ― off the table
  
  сдёрнуть ска́терть со стола́ ― sdjórnutʹ skátertʹ so stolá ― to pull the cloth off the table
  
  с нача́ла до конца́ ― s načála do koncá ― from beginning to end
2. because of, since (expressing a cause of motivation)
  с испу́га ― s ispúga ― due to being frightened
3. from (indicating a duration of time) [with по (po, + accusative) or до (do, + genitive) ‘to an ending time’]
  Ремо́нт гла́вного зда́ния бу́дет проводи́ться с два́дцать пя́того января́ по седьмо́е февраля́
  Remónt glávnovo zdánija búdet provodítʹsja s dvádcatʹ pjátovo janvarjá po sedʹmóje fevraljá
  The renovation of the main building will be conducted from January 25th to February 7th.
  
  с трёх лет ― s trjox let ― from the age of three / since one was three
[with accusative]
1. for, about (indicating approximate time or number)
  Там бы́ло гру́за ве́сом с то́нну. ― Tam býlo grúza vésom s tónnu. ― There was a load weighing about a ton.
  
  Ма́льчик-с-па́льчик ― Málʹčik-s-pálʹčik ― Tom Thumb
  
  С гу́лькин но́сик ― S gúlʹkin nósik ― A little bit

Usage notes

A noun phrase with the preposition с (s) or со (so) and an abstract noun declined with the instrumental case can show adverb-like qualities. The most notable ones are below:
- с внима́нием (s vnimánijem, “with attention/care”)
- с трудо́м (s trudóm, “with difficulty”)
- со скри́пом (so skrípom, “with difficulty, reluctantly”)
- с удово́льствием (s udovólʹstvijem, “with pleasure”)
- совсе́м (sovsém, “totally”)
Also with the instrumental case, often used as a standalone prepositional phrase meaning "Happy ...!" or "Congratulations on ...!". The verb поздравля́ть (pozdravljátʹ) is implied.
- с днём рождения (s dnjom roždenija, “happy birthday”)

Related terms

лицо́м к лицу́ с (licóm k licú s)

Etymology 3

Abbreviation of санти- (santi-).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [sənʲtʲɪ] (phonetic respelling: санти-)

Prefix

с • (s)

centi- (0.01)

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

(phoneme) IPA^(key): /s/

Letter

с (Latin spelling s, lower case, upper case С)

The twenty-first letter of the Serbo-Croatian alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sъ(n), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱom.

Alternative forms

са (see usage notes)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /s/

Preposition

с (Latin spelling s)

with, together with, along with [with instrumental]
- 1898, Vojislav Stanković, “Đurđevdan”, in Stari Dani‎^[1], archived from the original on 8 March 2022, page 1:
  Гледам живу, тесну улицу, ограђену високим зидовима, с великим капијама и разгранатим дрвећем, које се пружа, те је кити зеленом.
  I look at lively, narrow streets, high fenced walls, with large gates and branched trees, which stretch, and adorn it with green.
радити с неким — to work with somebody

свађати се с неким — to quarrel with somebody

ратовати с неким — to wage war with somebody

д(ј)евојка с плавом косом — a girl with blonde hair

с годинама долази мудрост — with age comes wisdom

с љубављу — with love
miscellaneous prepositional senses in various phrases [with instrumental]
- 1942-1945, Ivo Andrić, chapter 1, in Na Drini Ćuprija‎^[2]:
  Тако су се и овде, с временом, ројиле куће и множила насеља на оба краја моста.
  Here also in time the houses crowded together and the settlemnts multiplied at both ends of the bridge.
шта/што је с тобом? — what's wrong with you?

с временом — in time

поздравити се с неким — to greet somebody
from, off [with genitive]
пао сам са стабла — I fell from the tree

с друге стране — on the other side

са запада — from the west

с леђа — from the back

проматрати с прозора — to observe from the window

људи с планине — people from the mountain
because of (= из, збо̏г) [with genitive]
с тог разлога — because of that reason

Usage notes

с takes the alternative form са in the following environments:
- before /s, š, z, ž/:
  са стра́не̄
  aside
  
  са шко̑ло̄м
  with school
  
  са зу̑бом
  with the tooth
  
  са живо̀том
  with life
- before the clusters /kn, ks, kć, ps, pt, pš/:
  са кне̑зом
  with the duke
  
  са кси̏лофо̄ном
  with the xilophone
  
  са кће̏ри
  with the daughter
  
  са псо̏м
  with the dog
  
  са пти̏цо̄м
  with the bird
  
  са пшѐницо̄м
  with wheat
- (proclitic) before instrumental form of first-person pronoun ја̑ (“I”)
  са̏ мно̄м
  with me

Etymology 3

Abbreviation of средњи род.

Alternative forms

с.

Noun

с m animacy unspecified (Latin spelling s)

(grammar) neuter gender

Southern Altai

Letter

с • (s) (lower case, upper case С)

The twenty-second letter of the Southern Altai alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

Tabasaran

Letter

с • (s) (lower case, upper case С)

The twenty-sixth letter of the Tabasaran alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

Tajik

Letter

с • (s) (lower case, upper case С)

The twenty-second letter of the Tajik alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

Tatar

Letter

с • (s) (lower case, upper case С)

The twenty-third letter of the Tatar alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

Tundra Nenets

Letter

с • (s°) (lower case, upper case С)

The twentieth letter of the Tundra Nenets alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

Tuvan

Letter

с • (s) (lower case, upper case С)

The twenty-first letter of the Tuvan alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

Udmurt

Letter

с • (s) (lower case, upper case С)

The twenty-third letter of the Udmurt alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

Ukrainian

Pronunciation

(phoneme) IPA^(key): /s/
Audio: (file)

Letter

с • (s) (lower case, upper case С)

The twenty-second letter of the Ukrainian alphabet, called ес (es) and written in the Cyrillic script.

Uzbek

Letter

с (s) (lower case, upper case С)

The nineteenth letter of the Uzbek alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

West Circassian

Letter

с • (s) (lower case, upper case С)

The thirty-seventh letter of the West Circassian alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

Western Mari

Letter

с • (s) (lower case, upper case С)

The twenty-first letter of the Western Mari alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

Yakut

Letter

с • (s) (lower case, upper case С)

The twenty-fourth letter of the Yakut alphabet, called эс (es) and written in the Cyrillic script.