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this development was all to the good

  • 1 good

    1. adjective,
    1) (satisfactory) gut; (reliable) gut; zuverlässig; (sufficient) gut; ausreichend [Vorrat]; ausgiebig [Mahl]; (competent) gut; geeignet

    his good eye/leg — sein gesundes Auge/Bein

    Late again! It's just not good enough! — (coll.) Schon wieder zu spät. So geht es einfach nicht!

    be good at something — in etwas (Dat.) gut sein

    speak good English — gut[es] Englisch sprechen

    be good with people — etc. mit Menschen usw. gut od. leicht zurechtkommen

    2) (favourable, advantageous) gut; günstig [Gelegenheit, Augenblick, Angebot]

    too good to be true — zu schön, um wahr zu sein

    the good thing about it is that... — das Gute daran ist, dass...

    you can have too much of a good thing — man kann es auch übertreiben

    be good for somebody/something — gut für jemanden/etwas sein

    eat more than is good for one — mehr essen, als einem guttut

    it's a good thing you told him — nur gut, dass du es ihm gesagt hast

    3) (prosperous) gut
    4) (enjoyable) schön [Leben, Urlaub, Wochenende]

    the good old days — die gute alte Zeit

    the good life — das angenehme[, sorglose] Leben

    have a good time! — viel Spaß od. Vergnügen!

    it's good to be home again — es ist schön, wieder zu Hause zu sein

    5) (cheerful) gut; angenehm [Patient]

    good humour or spirits or mood — gute Laune

    I'm not feeling too good — (coll.) mir geht es nicht sehr gut

    6) (well-behaved) gut; brav

    be good!, be a good girl/boy! — sei brav od. lieb!

    [as] good as gold — ganz artig od. brav

    7) (virtuous) rechtschaffen; (kind) nett; gut [Absicht, Wünsche, Benehmen, Tat]

    would you be so good as to or good enough to do that? — wären Sie so freundlich od. nett, das zu tun?

    that/it is good of you — das/es ist nett od. lieb von dir

    8) (commendable) gut

    good for you — etc. (coll.) bravo!

    good old Jim — etc. (coll.) der gute alte Jim usw. (ugs.)

    my good man/friend — (coll.) mein lieber Herr/Freund (ugs.; auch iron.)

    that's a good one — (coll.) der ist gut! (ugs.); (iron.) das ist'n Ding! (ugs.)

    9) (attractive) schön; gut [Figur, Haltung]; gepflegt [Erscheinung, Äußeres]; wohlgeformt [Beine]
    10) (thorough) gut

    have a good weep/rest/sleep — sich richtig ausweinen/ausruhen/[sich] richtig ausschlafen (ugs.)

    11) (considerable) [recht] ansehnlich [Menschenmenge]; ganz schön, ziemlich (ugs.) [Stück Wegs, Entfernung, Zeitraum, Strecke]; gut, anständig [Preis, Erlös]; hoch [Alter]
    12) (sound, valid) gut [Grund, Rat, Gedanke]; berechtigt [Anspruch]; (Commerc.) solide [Kunde]; sicher [Anleihe, Kredit]

    good sense — Vernünftigkeit, die

    have the good sense to do something — so vernünftig sein, etwas zu tun

    13) (in greetings)

    good afternoon/day — guten Tag!

    good evening/morning — guten Abend/Morgen!

    14) in exclamation gut

    very good, sir — sehr wohl!

    good God/Lord — etc. see nouns

    15) (best) gut [Geschirr, Anzug]
    16) (correct, fitting) gut; (appropriate) angebracht; ratsam
    17)

    as good as — so gut wie

    18)

    make good — (succeed) erfolgreich sein; (effect) in die Tat umsetzen; ausführen [Plan]; erfüllen [Versprechen]; (compensate for) wieder gutmachen [Fehler]; (indemnify) ersetzen [Schaden, Ausgaben]. See also academic.ru/6608/best">best 1.; better 1.

    2. adverb as intensifier
    (coll.)

    good and... — richtig...

    hit somebody good and proper — jemanden ordentlich verprügeln. See also best 2.; better 2.

    3. noun
    1) (use) Nutzen, der

    be some good to somebody/something — jemandem/einer Sache nützen

    he'll never be any good — aus dem wird nichts Gutes werden

    be no good to somebody/something — für jemanden/etwas nicht zu gebrauchen sein

    it is no/not much good doing something — es hat keinen/kaum einen Sinn, etwas zu tun

    what's the good of...?, what good is...? — was nützt...?

    2) (benefit)

    for your/his etc. own good — zu deinem/seinem usw. Besten od. eigenen Vorteil

    for the good of mankind/the country — zum Wohl[e] der Menschheit/des Landes

    do no/little good — nichts/wenig helfen od. nützen

    do somebody/something good — jemandem/einer Sache nützen; [Ruhe, Erholung:] jemandem/einer Sache gut tun; [Arznei:] jemandem/einer Sache helfen

    I'll tell him, but what good will that do? — ich sag es ihm, aber was nützt od. hilft das schon?

    come home £10 to the good — mit 10 Pfund plus nach Hause kommen

    3) (goodness) Gute, das

    the difference between good and bad or evil — der Unterschied zwischen Gut und Böse

    4) (kind acts) Gute, das

    be up to no good — nichts Gutes im Sinn haben od. im Schilde führen

    5)

    for good [and all] — (finally) ein für allemal; (permanently) für immer [und ewig]; endgültig

    6) constr. as pl. (virtuous people)
    7) in pl. (wares etc.) Waren; (Brit. Railw.) Fracht, die; attrib. Güter[bahnhof, -wagen, -zug]
    8) in pl.

    the goods — (coll.): (what is wanted) das Gewünschte; das Verlangte

    deliver the goods — (fig.) halten, was man verspricht

    * * *
    [ɡud] 1. comparative - better; adjective
    1) (well-behaved; not causing trouble etc: Be good!; She's a good baby.) gut
    2) (correct, desirable etc: She was a good wife; good manners; good English.) gut
    3) (of high quality: good food/literature; His singing is very good.) gut
    4) (skilful; able to do something well: a good doctor; good at tennis; good with children.) geschickt
    5) (kind: You've been very good to him; a good father.) gut
    6) (helpful; beneficial: Exercise is good for you.; Cheese is good for you.) gut
    7) (pleased, happy etc: I'm in a good mood today.) gut
    8) (pleasant; enjoyable: to read a good book; Ice-cream is good to eat.) gut
    9) (considerable; enough: a good salary; She talked a good deal of nonsense.) reichlich
    10) (suitable: a good man for the job.) geeignet
    11) (sound, fit: good health; good eyesight; a car in good condition.) gut
    12) (sensible: Can you think of one good reason for doing that?) gut
    13) (showing approval: We've had very good reports about you.) gut
    14) (thorough: a good clean.) gewissenhaft
    15) (healthy or in a positive mood: I don't feel very good this morning.) gut
    2. noun
    1) (advantage or benefit: He worked for the good of the poor; for your own good; What's the good of a broken-down car?) der Nutzen
    2) (goodness: I always try to see the good in people.) das Gute
    3. interjection
    (an expression of approval, gladness etc.) gut!
    4. interjection
    ((also my goodness) an expression of surprise etc.) du meine Güte!
    - goods
    - goody
    - goodbye
    - good-day
    - good evening
    - good-for-nothing
    - good humour
    - good-humoured
    - good-humouredly
    - good-looking
    - good morning
    - good afternoon
    - good-day
    - good evening
    - good night
    - good-natured
    - goodwill
    - good will
    - good works
    - as good as
    - be as good as one's word
    - be up to no good
    - deliver the goods
    - for good
    - for goodness' sake
    - good for
    - good for you
    - him
    - Good Friday
    - good gracious
    - good heavens
    - goodness gracious
    - goodness me
    - good old
    - make good
    - no good
    - put in a good word for
    - take something in good part
    - take in good part
    - thank goodness
    - to the good
    * * *
    [gʊd]
    <better, best>
    1. (of high quality) gut
    there's nothing like a \good book es geht nichts über ein gutes Buch
    she speaks \good Spanish sie spricht gut Spanisch
    dogs have a \good sense of smell Hunde haben einen guten Geruchssinn
    he's got \good intuition about such matters er hat in diesen Dingen ein gutes Gespür
    your reasons make \good sense but... deine Gründe sind durchaus einleuchtend, aber...
    \good show [or job]! gut gemacht!
    I need a \good meal now jetzt brauche ich was Ordentliches zu essen!
    the child had the \good sense to... das Kind besaß die Geistesgegenwart...
    he only has one \good leg er hat nur ein gesundes Bein
    that's a \good one ( iron) haha, der war gut! iron
    \good appetite gesunder Appetit
    to be a \good catch eine gute Partie sein
    a \good choice/decision eine gute Wahl/Entscheidung
    \good ears/eyes gute Ohren/Augen
    to do a \good job gute Arbeit leisten
    to be in \good shape in guter [körperlicher] Verfassung sein
    \good thinking gute Idee
    \good timing gutes Timing
    to be/not be \good enough gut/nicht gut genug sein
    that's just not \good enough! so geht das nicht!
    if she says so that's \good enough for me wenn sie es sagt, reicht mir das
    to be \good for nothing zu nichts taugen
    to feel \good sich akk gut fühlen
    I don't feel too \good today heute geht's mir nicht besonders fam
    2. (skilled) gut, begabt
    ▪ to be \good at sth gut in etw dat sein
    he's a \good runner [or he's \good at running] er ist ein guter Läufer
    she's very \good at learning foreign languages sie ist sehr sprachbegabt
    he's not very \good at maths [or AM in math] er ist nicht besonders gut in Mathe
    this book is \good on international export law dieses Buch ist sehr gut, wenn man etwas über internationale Exportbestimmungen erfahren möchte
    he is particularly \good on American history besonders gut kennt er sich in amerikanischer Geschichte aus
    ▪ to be \good with sth with children mit etw dat gut umgehen können
    to be \good with one's hands geschickt mit seinen Händen sein
    to be \good in bed gut im Bett sein fam
    to be \good with people gut mit Leuten umgehen können
    3. (pleasant) schön
    that was a really \good story, Mummy das war echt eine tolle Geschichte, Mama fam
    that was the best party in a long time das war die beste Party seit Langem
    it's \good to see [or seeing] you after all these years schön, dich nach all den Jahren wiederzusehen!
    \good morning/evening guten Morgen/Abend
    \good day esp BRIT, AUS guten Tag; ( dated: said at departure) guten Tag
    to have a \good day/evening einen schönen Tag/Abend haben
    have a \good day schönen Tag noch!
    \good news gute Neuigkeiten
    to have a \good time [viel] Spaß haben
    \good weather schönes Wetter
    to have a \good one ( fam) einen schönen Tag haben
    4. (appealing to senses) gut, schön
    after a two-week vacation, they came back with \good tans nach zwei Wochen Urlaub kamen sie gut gebräunt zurück
    most dancers have \good legs die meisten Tänzer haben schöne Beine
    to look/smell/sound/taste \good gut aussehen/riechen/klingen/schmecken
    sb looks \good in sth clothes etw steht jdm
    to have \good looks, to be \good-looking gut aussehen
    he made a very \good impression at the interview er hat beim Vorstellungsgespräch einen sehr guten Eindruck gemacht
    there's a \good chance [that]... die Chancen stehen gut, dass...
    we got a \good deal on our new fridge wir haben unseren neuen Kühlschrank günstig erstanden
    the play got \good reviews [or a \good press] das Stück hat gute Kritiken bekommen
    it's a \good job we didn't go camping last weekend — the weather was awful zum Glück sind wir letztes Wochenende nicht campen gegangen — das Wetter war schrecklich
    the \good life das süße Leben
    \good luck [on sth] viel Glück [bei etw dat]
    best of luck on your exams today! alles Gute für deine Prüfung heute!
    a \good omen ein gutes Omen
    to be too much of a \good thing zu viel des Guten sein
    you can have too much of a \good thing man kann es auch übertreiben
    \good times gute Zeiten
    to be too \good to be true zu schön, um wahr zu sein
    to have [got] it \good ( fam) es gut haben
    6. (beneficial) vorteilhaft
    ▪ to be \good for sb gut für jdn sein
    milk is \good for you Milch ist gesund
    to be \good for business/for headaches gut fürs Geschäft/gegen Kopfschmerzen sein
    7. (useful) nützlich, sinnvoll
    we had a \good discussion on the subject wir hatten eine klärende Diskussion über die Sache
    it's \good that you checked the door gut, dass du die Tür nochmal überprüft hast
    8. (on time)
    in \good time rechtzeitig
    be patient, you'll hear the result all in \good time seien Sie geduldig, Sie erfahren das Ergebnis noch früh genug
    in one's own \good time in seinem eigenen Rhythmus
    to be a \good time to do sth ein guter Zeitpunkt sein, [um] etw zu tun
    10. inv (kind) freundlich, lieb
    the college has been very \good about her health problem die Hochschule zeigte sehr viel Verständnis für ihr gesundheitliches Problem
    it was very \good of you to help us es war sehr lieb von dir, uns zu helfen
    he's got a \good heart er hat ein gutes Herz
    be so \good as to... sei doch bitte so nett und...
    would you be \good enough to... wären Sie so nett und...
    \good deeds/works gute Taten
    to do a \good deed eine gute Tat tun
    11. (moral) gut
    the G\good Book die [heilige] Bibel
    for a \good cause für einen guten Zweck
    to set a \good example to sb jdm ein gutes Vorbild sein
    sb's \good name/reputation jds guter Name/guter Ruf
    to be [as] \good as one's word vertrauenswürdig sein
    \good dog! braver Hund!
    be a \good girl and... sei ein liebes Mädchen [o sei so lieb] und...
    OK, I'll be a \good sport o.k., ich will mal kein Spielverderber sein
    she's been as \good as gold all evening sie hat sich den ganzen Abend über ausgezeichnet benommen
    to be on \good/one's best behaviour sich akk gut benehmen/von seiner besten Seite zeigen
    \good loser guter Verlierer/gute Verliererin
    13. attr, inv (thorough) gut, gründlich
    the house needs a \good clean[ing] das Haus sollte mal gründlich geputzt werden
    have a \good think about it lass es dir noch einmal gut durch den Kopf gehen
    now, now — have a \good cry schon gut — wein dich mal so richtig aus
    they have built a \good case against the suspect sie haben einen hieb- und stichfesten Fall gegen den Verdächtigen aufgebaut
    we had some \good fun at the amusement park wir hatten so richtig viel Spaß im Vergnügungspark
    a \good beating eine gründliche Tracht Prügel
    to have a \good laugh ordentlich lachen
    to have a \good look at sth sich dat etw genau ansehen
    a \good talking to eine Standpauke
    14. pred, inv (valid) gültig; (not forged) banknote echt; (usable) gut
    this car should be \good for another year or so dieses Auto hält wohl schon noch ein Jahr oder so
    he gave us a gift certificate \good for $100 er hat uns einen Geschenkgutschein über 100 Dollar überreicht
    this ticket is only \good on weekends dieses Ticket gilt nur an Wochenenden
    my credit card is only \good for another month meine Kreditkarte ist nur noch einen Monat gültig
    15. attr, inv (substantial) beträchtlich
    we walked a \good distance today wir sind heute ein ordentliches Stück gelaufen
    she makes \good money at her new job sie verdient in ihrem neuen Job gutes Geld
    it's a \good half hour's walk to the station from here von hier bis zum Bahnhof ist es zu Fuß eine gute halbe Stunde
    a \good deal jede Menge
    you're looking a \good deal better now du siehst jetzt ein gutes Stück besser aus
    to make a \good profit einen beträchtlichen Profit machen
    a \good few/many eine ganze Menge
    16. pred, inv FOOD (not rotten) gut
    17. pred, inv (able to provide) gut
    he is always \good for a laugh er ist immer gut für einen Witz
    thanks for the loan and don't worry, I'm \good for it danke für den Kredit und keine Sorge, ich zahle ihn zurück
    her credit is \good sie ist kreditwürdig
    ▪ as \good as... so gut wie...
    our firewood is as \good as gone unser Feuerholz ist nahezu aufgebraucht
    to be as \good as dead/new so gut wie tot/neu sein
    they as \good as called me a liar sie nannten mich praktisch eine Lügnerin!
    19. attr, inv (to emphasize) schön
    I need a \good long holiday ich brauche mal wieder so einen richtig schönen langen Urlaub!
    what you need is a \good hot cup of coffee was du brauchst, ist eine gute Tasse heißen Kaffee
    ▪ \good and...:
    she's really \good and mad sie ist so richtig sauer
    I'll do it when I'm \good and ready, and not one minute before ich mache es, sobald ich fertig bin und keine Minute früher!
    20. BRIT (said to accept order)
    very \good sehr wohl! veraltet
    \good Lord [or heavens]! gütiger Himmel! geh
    \good gracious! ach du liebe Zeit!
    \good grief! du meine Güte!
    \good egg! BRIT ( dated) ausgezeichnet!; ( iron)
    oh, — \good for you! oh, schön für dich! iron
    22. attr, inv (said to express affection)
    \good old James! der gute alte James!
    the \good old days die gute alte Zeit
    23.
    ▶ if you can't be \good, be careful ( prov) wenn man schon was anstellt, sollte man sich wenigstens nicht [dabei] erwischen lassen
    ▶ it's as \good as it gets besser wird's nicht mehr
    ▶ to give as \good as one gets es [jdm] mit gleicher Münze heimzahlen
    ▶ \good to go fertig, bereit
    ▶ to have a \good innings BRIT ein schönes Leben haben
    ▶ to make \good zu Geld kommen
    ▶ to make sth ⇆ \good (repair) etw reparieren; mistake etw wiedergutmachen; (pay for) etw wettmachen fam; (do successfully) etw schaffen
    ▶ to make \good time gut in der Zeit liegen
    ▶ for \good measure als Draufgabe, obendrein
    ▶ \good riddance Gott sei Dank!
    ▶ she's \good for another few years! mit ihr muss man noch ein paar Jahre rechnen!
    II. ADVERB
    1. esp AM DIAL ( fam: well) gut
    boy, she can sure sing \good, can't she? Junge, die kann aber gut singen, oder?
    2. ( fam: thoroughly) gründlich
    to do sth \good and proper etw richtig gründlich tun
    well, you've broken the table \good and proper na, den Tisch hast du aber so richtig ruiniert!
    III. NOUN
    1. (moral force) Gute nt
    \good and evil Gut und Böse
    to be up to no \good nichts Gutes im Schilde führen
    to do \good Gutes tun
    ▪ the \good pl die Guten pl
    2. (benefit) Wohl nt
    this medicine will do you a [or the] world of \good diese Medizin wird Ihnen unglaublich gut tun
    to do more harm than \good mehr schaden als nützen
    for the \good of his health zum Wohle seiner Gesundheit, seiner Gesundheit zuliebe
    for the \good of the nation zum Wohle der Nation
    for one's own \good zu seinem eigenen Besten
    3. (purpose) Nutzen m
    to be no [or not to be any] /not much \good nichts/wenig nützen
    that young man is no \good dieser junge Mann ist ein Taugenichts
    to not do much/any \good nicht viel/nichts nützen
    even a small donation can do a lot of \good auch eine kleine Spende kann eine Menge helfen
    that won't do much \good das wird auch nicht viel nützen
    it's no \good complaining all day den ganzen Tag rumzujammern bringt auch nichts! fam
    what \good is sitting alone in your room? was bringt es, hier alleine in deinem Zimmer zu sitzen?; ( iron)
    a lot of \good that'll do [you]! das wird [dir] ja viel nützen! iron
    4. (profit)
    we were £7,000 to the \good when we sold our house als wir unser Haus verkauften, haben wir einen Gewinn von 7.000 Pfund eingestrichen; ( fig)
    he was two gold medals to the \good by the end of the day am Ende des Tages war er um zwei Goldmedaillen reicher
    5. (ability)
    ▪ to be no \good at sth etw nicht gut können, bei etw dat nicht [sonderlich] gut sein
    6. COMM Gut nt, Ware f
    7.
    ▶ for \good [and all] für immer [und ewig]
    * * *
    [gʊd]
    1. ADJECTIVE
    comp better, superl best
    1) gut

    that's a good one! (joke) — das ist ein guter Witz; ( usu iro : excuse ) wers glaubt, wird selig! (inf)

    he tells a good story —

    you've never had it so good! — es ist euch noch nie so gut gegangen, ihr habt es noch nie so gut gehabt

    it's too good to be true — es ist zu schön, um wahr zu sein

    this is as good as it gets — besser wirds nicht mehr __diams; to be good at sth gut in etw (dat) sein

    to be good at sport/languages — gut im Sport/in Sprachen sein

    to be good at sewing/typing — gut nähen/tippen können

    that's not good enough, you'll have to do better than that — das geht so nicht, du musst dich schon etwas mehr anstrengen

    if he gives his word, that's good enough for me — wenn er sein Wort gibt, reicht mir das

    her work/conduct is just not good enough —

    they felt he wasn't good enough for her — sie waren der Meinung, dass er nicht gut genug für sie war

    I don't feel too good — mir ist nicht gut, ich fühle mich nicht wohl

    you look good in that — du siehst gut darin aus, das steht dir gut __diams; to make good mistake, damage wiedergutmachen; threat wahr machen; promise erfüllen

    to make good one's losses — seine Verluste wettmachen

    as good as new —

    he as good as called me a liar/invited me to come — er nannte mich praktisch einen Lügner/hat mich praktisch eingeladen

    2) = beneficial gut

    milk is good for children to be good for toothache/one's health — Milch ist gut or gesund für Kinder gut gegen Zahnschmerzen/für die Gesundheit sein

    to drink more than is good for one — mehr trinken, als einem guttut

    what's good for consumers isn't always good for the economy — was gut für den Verbraucher ist, ist nicht immer gut für die Wirtschaft

    3) = favourable moment, chance, opportunity günstig, gut

    it's a good thing or job I was there — (nur) gut, dass ich dort war

    4) = enjoyable holiday, evening schön

    did you have a good day? — wie wars heute?, wie gings (dir) heute?

    5) = kind gut, lieb

    (it was) good of you to come — nett, dass Sie gekommen sind

    would you be good enough to tell me... — wären Sie so nett, mir zu sagen... (also iro)

    6) = virtuous name, manners, behaviour gut

    if you can't be good, be careful — wenn du es schon tun musst, sei wenigstens vorsichtig

    7) = well-behaved artig, brav (inf)

    be a good girl/boy — sei artig or lieb or brav (inf)

    be a good girl/boy and... — sei so lieb und...

    8)

    = admirable your good lady (dated) my good man (dated) — Ihre werte Gemahlin (geh) mein Guter (old)

    good man! — sehr löblich!, gut gemacht!

    the Good Book —

    9) = valid advice, excuse gut; reason gut, triftig; ticket gültig
    10) = handsome looks, figure, features gut; legs, body schön
    11) = uninjured eye, leg gesund
    12) = thorough gut, gründlich, tüchtig (inf)

    to have a good laugh — ordentlich or so richtig lachen (inf)

    13) = considerable hour, while gut; amount, distance, way gut, schön

    a good many/few people — ziemlich viele/nicht gerade wenig Leute

    14) in greetings gut
    15) in exclamations gut, prima

    that's good! — gut!, prima!

    (it's) good to see you/to be here — (es ist) schön, dich zu sehen/hier zu sein

    very good, sir — sehr wohl (old)

    on you/him etc! — gut!, prima!; (iro also) das ist ja toll!

    16) emphatic use schön

    a good strong stick —

    good and hard/strong (inf) — ganz schön fest/stark (inf)

    2. ADVERB
    1) = fine gut

    how are you? – good! — wie gehts? – gut!

    2) = well strictly incorrect gut
    3. NOUN
    1) = what is morally right Gute(s) nt

    to do good —

    2) = advantage, benefit Wohl nt

    this affects us, for good or ill —

    it's done now, for good or ill — es ist nun einmal geschehen

    I did it for your own good — ich meine es nur gut mit dir, es war nur zu deinem Besten

    to do sb good — jdm helfen; (rest, drink, medicine etc) jdm guttun

    much good may it do you (iro inf) — na, dann viel Vergnügen!

    that won't do much/any good — das hilft auch nicht viel/auch nichts

    that won't do you much/any good — das hilft dir auch nicht viel/auch nichts

    a ( fat) lot of good that will do! (iro inf) — als ob das viel helfen würde! (iro)

    3)

    = use what's the good of hurrying? — wozu eigentlich die Eile?

    it's no good complaining to me — es ist sinnlos or es nützt nichts, sich bei mir zu beklagen

    it's no good doing it like that — es hat keinen Sinn, das so zu machen

    I'm no good at things like that —

    he wasn't any good for the job —

    4)

    set structures __diams; for good (= for ever) for good (and all) — für immer (und ewig)

    we were 5 points/£5 to the good — wir hatten 5 Punkte zu viel/£ 5 plus

    * * *
    good [ɡud]
    A s
    1. Nutzen m, Wert m, Vorteil m:
    for his own good zu seinem eigenen Vorteil;
    he knows too much for his own good er weiß mehr, als ihm guttut;
    what good will it do?, what is the good of it?, what good is it? was hat es für einen Wert?, was nützt es?, wozu soll das gut sein?;
    it is no (not much) good trying es hat keinen (wenig) Sinn oder Zweck, es zu versuchen;
    a) besonders WIRTSCH als Gewinn- oder Kreditsaldo,
    b) obendrein, extra ( → A 2);
    for good (and all) für immer, endgültig, ein für alle Mal
    2. (das) Gute, Gutes n, Wohl n:
    a) jemandem Gutes tun,
    b) jemandem guttun oder wohltun;
    much good may it do you oft iron wohl bekomms!;
    the common good das Gemeinwohl;
    be to the good nur zu seinem etc Besten sein;
    come to good zum Guten ausschlagen;
    it’s all to the good es ist nur von Vorteil ( that dass)( → A 1);
    it comes to no good es führt zu nichts Gutem;
    be up to no good nichts Gutes im Schilde führen;
    for good or for evil auf Gedeih und Verderb
    3. the good koll die Guten pl, die Rechtschaffenen pl
    4. PHIL (das) Gute
    5. pl bewegliches Vermögen:
    a) Hab n und Gut n, bewegliche Sachen, Mobiliargut n,
    b) umg Siebensachen
    6. pl WIRTSCH
    a) Br ( besonders Eisenbahn)Güter pl, Fracht(gut) f(n)
    b) (Handels)Güter pl, (Handels)Ware(n) f(pl):
    goods for consumption Verbrauchs-, Konsumgüter;
    goods in process Halbfabrikate, -erzeugnisse;
    a piece of goods sl eine Mieze;
    have the goods on sb US sl etwas gegen jemanden in der Hand haben. → deliver A 2
    7. pl US Stoffe pl, Textilien pl
    8. the goods sl das Richtige, das Wahre:
    that’s the goods!
    B adj komp better [ˈbetə(r)], sup best [best]
    1. (moralisch) gut, redlich, rechtschaffen, ehrbar, anständig (Mädchen etc):
    good men and true redliche und treue Männer;
    a good father and husband ein guter oder treu sorgender Vater und Gatte;
    she is a good wife to him sie ist ihm eine gute Frau
    2. gut (Qualität):
    3. gut, frisch, genießbar:
    is this meat still good?;
    a good egg ein frisches Ei
    4. gut, lieb, gütig, freundlich:
    good to the poor gut zu den Armen;
    be so ( oder as) good as to fetch it sei so gut und hol es, hol es doch bitte; → enough C
    5. gut, lieb, artig, brav (Kind):
    have you been a good girl? bist du (schön) brav gewesen?; → gold A 1
    6. verehrt, lieb:
    his good lady oft iron seine liebe Frau;
    my good man oft iron mein Lieber!, mein lieber Freund oder Mann!
    7. gut, geachtet:
    of good family aus guter Familie
    8. gut, einwandfrei (Betragen etc): → certificate A 1
    9. a) gut, erfreulich, angenehm (Nachrichten etc):
    be good news umg erfreulich sein (Sache); nett sein (Person);
    have a good time sich (gut) amüsieren; es sich gut gehen lassen; → afternoon A, morning A 1, etc
    b) schön:
    it’s good to be home again;
    too good to be true zu schön, um wahr zu sein
    10. gut:
    a) geeignet, vorteilhaft, günstig, nützlich
    b) gesund, zuträglich
    c) heilsam:
    a man good for the post ein geeigneter oder guter Mann für den Posten;
    good for colds gut gegen oder für Erkältungen;
    milk is good for children Milch ist gut oder gesund für Kinder;
    good for one’s health gesund;
    what is it good for? wofür ist es gut?, wozu dient es?;
    it is a good thing that … es ist gut oder günstig, dass …;
    stay away if you know what’s good for you! das rate ich dir im Guten!;
    he drank more than was good for him als ihm guttat; → nothing Bes Redew
    11. gut, richtig, recht, angebracht, empfehlenswert, zweckmäßig:
    in good time zur rechten Zeit, (gerade) rechtzeitig;
    all in good time alles zu seiner Zeit;
    in one’s own good time wenn es einem passt
    12. gut, angemessen, ausreichend, zufriedenstellend;
    his word is good enough for me sein Wort genügt mir;
    his time is only good enough for 4th place SPORT seine Zeit reicht nur für den 4. Platz
    13. gut, reichlich:
    a good hour eine gute Stunde;
    it’s a good three miles to the station es sind gut drei Meilen bis zum Bahnhof
    14. gut, ziemlich (weit, groß), beträchtlich, bedeutend, erheblich, ansehnlich:
    a good many eine beträchtliche Anzahl, ziemlich viele;
    a good many times ziemlich oft; → beating 2, way1 5, while A
    15. (vor adj) verstärkend:
    a good long time sehr lange Zeit;
    good old age hohes Alter;
    good and … sehr, ganz schön, mordsmäßig umg (z. B. good and tired hundemüde umg)
    16. gültig:
    a) begründet, berechtigt (Anspruch etc)
    b) triftig, gut (Grund etc):
    a good argument ein stichhaltiges Argument; → cause A 2, reason A 1
    c) echt (Geld)
    17. gut, überzeugt (Republikaner etc)
    18. gut, fähig, tüchtig:
    he is good at arithmetic er ist gut im Rechnen;
    he is good at golf er spielt gut Golf;
    be good with one’s hands handwerkliches Geschick haben
    19. gut, zuverlässig, sicher, solide ( alle auch WIRTSCH):
    a good firm eine gute oder solide oder zahlungsfähige oder kreditwürdige Firma;
    a good man WIRTSCH umg ein sicherer Mann (Kunde etc);
    good debts WIRTSCH sichere Schulden;
    good for WIRTSCH (auf einem Wechsel) über den Betrag von ( → B 23);
    be good for any amount WIRTSCH für jeden Betrag gut sein
    20. WIRTSCH in Ordnung (Scheck)
    21. JUR (rechts)gültig
    22. wirklich, aufrichtig, ehrlich, echt: → faith 3
    23. umg good for fähig oder geneigt zu:
    I am good for a walk ich habe Lust zu einem Spaziergang;
    I am good for another mile ich könnte noch eine Meile weitermarschieren;
    my car is good for another 10,000 miles mein Wagen macht noch leicht 10 000 Meilen ( → B 19)
    C adv
    1. umg gut:
    2. as good as so gut wie, praktisch:
    as good as new auch neuwertig
    D int gut!, schön!, fein!:
    good for you! umg (ich) gratuliere!
    G abk
    2. ELEK conductance
    3. good
    * * *
    1. adjective,
    1) (satisfactory) gut; (reliable) gut; zuverlässig; (sufficient) gut; ausreichend [Vorrat]; ausgiebig [Mahl]; (competent) gut; geeignet

    his good eye/leg — sein gesundes Auge/Bein

    Late again! It's just not good enough! — (coll.) Schon wieder zu spät. So geht es einfach nicht!

    be good at something — in etwas (Dat.) gut sein

    speak good English — gut[es] Englisch sprechen

    be good with people — etc. mit Menschen usw. gut od. leicht zurechtkommen

    2) (favourable, advantageous) gut; günstig [Gelegenheit, Augenblick, Angebot]

    too good to be true — zu schön, um wahr zu sein

    the good thing about it is that... — das Gute daran ist, dass...

    be good for somebody/something — gut für jemanden/etwas sein

    eat more than is good for one — mehr essen, als einem guttut

    it's a good thing you told him — nur gut, dass du es ihm gesagt hast

    4) (enjoyable) schön [Leben, Urlaub, Wochenende]

    the good life — das angenehme[, sorglose] Leben

    have a good time! — viel Spaß od. Vergnügen!

    it's good to be home again — es ist schön, wieder zu Hause zu sein

    5) (cheerful) gut; angenehm [Patient]

    good humour or spirits or mood — gute Laune

    I'm not feeling too good — (coll.) mir geht es nicht sehr gut

    6) (well-behaved) gut; brav

    be good!, be a good girl/boy! — sei brav od. lieb!

    [as] good as gold — ganz artig od. brav

    7) (virtuous) rechtschaffen; (kind) nett; gut [Absicht, Wünsche, Benehmen, Tat]

    would you be so good as to or good enough to do that? — wären Sie so freundlich od. nett, das zu tun?

    that/it is good of you — das/es ist nett od. lieb von dir

    good for you — etc. (coll.) bravo!

    good old Jim — etc. (coll.) der gute alte Jim usw. (ugs.)

    my good man/friend — (coll.) mein lieber Herr/Freund (ugs.; auch iron.)

    that's a good one — (coll.) der ist gut! (ugs.); (iron.) das ist'n Ding! (ugs.)

    9) (attractive) schön; gut [Figur, Haltung]; gepflegt [Erscheinung, Äußeres]; wohlgeformt [Beine]
    10) (thorough) gut

    have a good weep/rest/sleep — sich richtig ausweinen/ausruhen/[sich] richtig ausschlafen (ugs.)

    11) (considerable) [recht] ansehnlich [Menschenmenge]; ganz schön, ziemlich (ugs.) [Stück Wegs, Entfernung, Zeitraum, Strecke]; gut, anständig [Preis, Erlös]; hoch [Alter]
    12) (sound, valid) gut [Grund, Rat, Gedanke]; berechtigt [Anspruch]; (Commerc.) solide [Kunde]; sicher [Anleihe, Kredit]

    good sense — Vernünftigkeit, die

    have the good sense to do something — so vernünftig sein, etwas zu tun

    good afternoon/day — guten Tag!

    good evening/morning — guten Abend/Morgen!

    14) in exclamation gut

    very good, sir — sehr wohl!

    good God/Lord — etc. see nouns

    15) (best) gut [Geschirr, Anzug]
    16) (correct, fitting) gut; (appropriate) angebracht; ratsam
    17)
    18)

    make good — (succeed) erfolgreich sein; (effect) in die Tat umsetzen; ausführen [Plan]; erfüllen [Versprechen]; (compensate for) wieder gutmachen [Fehler]; (indemnify) ersetzen [Schaden, Ausgaben]. See also best 1.; better 1.

    2. adverb as intensifier
    (coll.)

    good and... — richtig...

    hit somebody good and proper — jemanden ordentlich verprügeln. See also best 2.; better 2.

    3. noun
    1) (use) Nutzen, der

    be some good to somebody/something — jemandem/einer Sache nützen

    be no good to somebody/something — für jemanden/etwas nicht zu gebrauchen sein

    it is no/not much good doing something — es hat keinen/kaum einen Sinn, etwas zu tun

    what's the good of...?, what good is...? — was nützt...?

    for your/his etc. own good — zu deinem/seinem usw. Besten od. eigenen Vorteil

    for the good of mankind/the country — zum Wohl[e] der Menschheit/des Landes

    do no/little good — nichts/wenig helfen od. nützen

    do somebody/something good — jemandem/einer Sache nützen; [Ruhe, Erholung:] jemandem/einer Sache gut tun; [Arznei:] jemandem/einer Sache helfen

    I'll tell him, but what good will that do? — ich sag es ihm, aber was nützt od. hilft das schon?

    come home £10 to the good — mit 10 Pfund plus nach Hause kommen

    3) (goodness) Gute, das

    the difference between good and bad or evil — der Unterschied zwischen Gut und Böse

    4) (kind acts) Gute, das

    be up to no good — nichts Gutes im Sinn haben od. im Schilde führen

    5)

    for good [and all] — (finally) ein für allemal; (permanently) für immer [und ewig]; endgültig

    6) constr. as pl. (virtuous people)
    7) in pl. (wares etc.) Waren; (Brit. Railw.) Fracht, die; attrib. Güter[bahnhof, -wagen, -zug]
    8) in pl.

    the goods — (coll.): (what is wanted) das Gewünschte; das Verlangte

    deliver the goods — (fig.) halten, was man verspricht

    * * *
    adj.
    brav adj.
    gut adj.
    lieb adj. n.
    Gut ¨-er n.

    English-german dictionary > good

  • 2 Historical Portugal

       Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.
       A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.
       Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140
       The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."
       In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.
       The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.
       Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385
       Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in
       Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.
       The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.
       Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580
       The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.
       The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.
       What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.
       By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.
       Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.
       The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.
       By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.
       In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.
       Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640
       Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.
       Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.
       On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.
       Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822
       Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.
       Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.
       In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the
       Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.
       Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.
       Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.
       Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910
       During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.
       Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.
       Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.
       Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.
       Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.
       As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.
       First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26
       Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.
       The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.
       Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.
       The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74
       During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."
       Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.
       For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),
       and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.
       The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.
       With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.
       During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.
       The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.
       At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.
       The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.
       Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76
       Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.
       Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.
       In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.
       In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.
       In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.
       The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until
       UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.
       Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000
       After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.
       From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.
       Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.
       Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.
       In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.
       In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.
       Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.
       Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.
       The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.
       Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.
       Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).
       All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.
       The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.
       After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.
       Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.
       Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.
       From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.
       Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.
       In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.
       An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal

  • 3 make

    1.
    [meɪk]transitive verb, made [meɪd]
    1) (construct) machen, anfertigen (of aus); bauen [Damm, Straße, Flugzeug, Geige]; anlegen [See, Teich, Weg usw.]; zimmern [Tisch, Regal]; basteln [Spielzeug, Vogelhäuschen, Dekoration usw.]; nähen [Kleider]; durchbrechen [Türöffnung]; (manufacture) herstellen; (create) [er]schaffen [Welt]; (prepare) zubereiten [Mahlzeit]; machen [Frühstück, Grog]; machen, kochen [Kaffee, Tee, Marmelade]; backen [Brot, Kuchen]; (compose, write) schreiben, verfassen [Buch, Gedicht, Lied, Bericht]; machen [Eintrag, Zeichen, Kopie, Zusammenfassung, Testament]; anfertigen [Entwurf]; aufsetzen [Bewerbung, Schreiben, Urkunde]

    make a dress out of the material, make the material into a dress — aus dem Stoff ein Kleid machen

    a table made of wood/of the finest wood — ein Holztisch/ein Tisch aus feinstem Holz

    made in Germany — in Deutschland hergestellt

    show what one is made of — zeigen, was in einem steckt (ugs.)

    be [simply] 'made of money — (coll.) im Geld [nur so] schwimmen (ugs.)

    be 'made for something/somebody — (fig.): (ideally suited) wie geschaffen für etwas/jemanden sein

    make a bed — (for sleeping) ein Bett bauen (ugs.)

    make the bed — (arrange after sleeping) das Bett machen

    have it made — (coll.) ausgesorgt haben (ugs.)

    2) (combine into) sich verbinden zu; bilden
    3) (cause to exist) machen [Ärger, Schwierigkeiten, Lärm, Aufhebens]

    make enemies — sich (Dat.) Feinde machen od. schaffen

    make time for doing or to do something — sich (Dat.) die Zeit dazu nehmen, etwas zu tun

    4) (result in, amount to) machen [Unterschied, Summe]; ergeben [Resultat]

    two and two make four — zwei und zwei ist od. macht od. sind vier

    qualities that make a man — Eigenschaften, die einen Mann ausmachen

    5) (establish, enact) bilden [Gegensatz]; treffen [Unterscheidung, Übereinkommen]; ziehen [Vergleich, Parallele]; erlassen [Gesetz, Haftbefehl]; aufstellen [Regeln, Behauptung]; stellen [Forderung]; geben [Bericht]; schließen [Vertrag]; vornehmen [Zahlung]; machen [Geschäft, Vorschlag, Geständnis]; erheben [Anschuldigung, Protest, Beschwerde]
    6) (cause to be or become)

    make angry/happy/known — etc. wütend/glücklich/bekannt usw. machen

    make a friend of somebody — sich mit jemandem anfreunden

    make oneself heard/respected — sich (Dat.) Gehör/Respekt verschaffen

    make it a shorter journey by doing something — die Reise abkürzen, indem man etwas tut

    7)

    make somebody do something — (cause) jemanden dazu bringen, etwas zu tun; (compel) jemanden zwingen, etwas zu tun

    make somebody repeat the sentence — jemanden den Satz wiederholen lassen

    be made to do something — etwas tun müssen; (be compelled) gezwungen werden, etwas zu tun

    make oneself do something — sich überwinden, etwas zu tun

    this makes the tenth time you've failed — das ist nun [schon] das zehnte Mal, dass du versagt hast

    will you make one of the party? — wirst du dabei od. (ugs.) mit von der Partie sein?

    9) (serve for) abgeben
    10) (become by development or training)
    11) (gain, acquire, procure) machen [Vermögen, Profit, Verlust]; machen (ugs.) [Geld]; verdienen [Lebensunterhalt]; sich (Dat.) erwerben [Ruf]; (obtain as result) kommen zu od. auf, herausbekommen [Ergebnis, Endsumme]
    12) machen [Geste, Bewegung, Verbeugung]; machen [Reise, Besuch, Ausnahme, Fehler, Angebot, Entdeckung, Witz, Bemerkung]; begehen [Irrtum]; vornehmen [Änderung, Stornierung]; vorbringen [Beschwerde]; tätigen, machen [Einkäufe]; geben [Versprechen, Kommentar]; halten [Rede]; ziehen [Vergleich]; durchführen, machen [Experiment, Analyse, Inspektion]; (wage) führen [Krieg]; (accomplish) schaffen [Strecke pro Zeiteinheit]
    13)

    make little of something — (play something down) etwas herunterspielen

    they could make little of his letter — (understand) sie konnten mit seinem Brief nicht viel anfangen

    I don't know what to make of him/it — ich werde aus ihm/daraus nicht schlau od. klug

    what do you make of him? — was hältst du von ihm?; wie schätzt du ihn ein?

    14) (arrive at) erreichen [Bestimmungsort]; (coll.): (catch) [noch] kriegen (ugs.) [Zug usw.]

    make it — (succeed in arriving) es schaffen

    15)

    something makes or breaks or mars somebody — etwas entscheidet über jmds. Glück oder Verderben (Akk.)

    16) (consider to be)

    What do you make the time? - I make it five past eight — Wie spät hast du es od. ist es bei dir? - Auf meiner Uhr ist es fünf nach acht

    17)

    make 'do with/without something — mit/ohne etwas auskommen

    2. intransitive verb,
    1) (proceed)

    make toward something/somebody — auf etwas/jemanden zusteuern

    2) (act as if with intention)

    make to do something — Anstalten machen, etwas zu tun

    make as if or as though to do something — so tun, als wolle man etwas tun

    3. noun
    1) (kind of structure) Ausführung, die; (of clothes) Machart, die
    2) (type of manufacture) Fabrikat, das; (brand) Marke, die

    make of car — Automarke, die

    3)

    on the make — (coll.): (intent on gain) hinter dem Geld her (abwertend)

    Phrasal Verbs:
    - academic.ru/44737/make_for">make for
    - make off
    - make off with
    - make out
    - make over
    - make up
    - make up for
    - make up to
    * * *
    [meik] 1. past tense, past participle - made; verb
    1) (to create, form or produce: God made the Earth; She makes all her own clothes; He made it out of paper; to make a muddle/mess of the job; to make lunch/coffee; We made an arrangement/agreement/deal/bargain.) machen
    2) (to compel, force or cause (a person or thing to do something): They made her do it; He made me laugh.) bringen zu
    3) (to cause to be: I made it clear; You've made me very unhappy.) machen
    4) (to gain or earn: He makes $100 a week; to make a profit.) machen
    5) ((of numbers etc) to add up to; to amount to: 2 and 2 make(s) 4.) ergeben
    6) (to become, turn into, or be: He'll make an excellent teacher.) sich erweisen als
    7) (to estimate as: I make the total 483.) schätzen
    8) (to appoint, or choose, as: He was made manager.) machen zu
    9) (used with many nouns to give a similar meaning to that of the verb from which the noun is formed: He made several attempts (= attempted several times); They made a left turn (= turned left); He made (= offered) a suggestion/proposal; Have you any comments to make?) machen
    2. noun
    (a (usually manufacturer's) brand: What make is your new car?) die Marke
    - maker
    - making
    - make-believe
    - make-over
    - makeshift
    - make-up
    - have the makings of
    - in the making
    - make a/one's bed
    - make believe
    - make do
    - make for
    - make it
    - make it up
    - make something of something
    - make of something
    - make something of
    - make of
    - make out
    - make over
    - make up
    - make up for
    - make up one's mind
    - make up to
    * * *
    [meɪk]
    I. NOUN
    1. ECON (brand) Fabrikat nt, Marke f
    the newer \makes of computer are much faster die neuen Computergenerationen sind viel schneller
    it's jam of my own \make das ist selbst gemachte Marmelade
    \make of car Automarke f
    2. (of a person)
    people of her \make are rare Leute wie sie [o fam ihrer Machart] sind selten
    to be on the \make (for sex) auf sexuelle Abenteuer aus sein; (for money) geldgierig sein; (for power) machthungrig sein; (for profit) profitgierig sein; (for career) karrieresüchtig sein
    to put the \make on sb AM (sl) versuchen, jdn ins Bett zu kriegen fam
    <made, made>
    1. (produce)
    ▪ to \make sth etw machen; company, factory etw herstellen
    the pot is made to withstand high temperatures der Topf ist so beschaffen, dass er hohe Temperaturen aushält
    ‘made in Taiwan’ ‚hergestellt in Taiwan‘
    this sweater is made of wool dieser Pullover ist aus Wolle
    God made the world in 7 days Gott erschuf die Erde in 7 Tagen
    to \make bread Brot backen
    to \make clothes Kleider nähen
    to \make coffee/soup/supper Kaffee/Suppe/das Abendessen kochen
    to \make a copy of sth etw kopieren
    to \make a movie [or film] einen Film drehen
    to \make peace Frieden schließen
    to \make a picture ( fam) ein Foto machen
    to \make a recording of sth etw aufnehmen
    to \make a snowman einen Schneemann bauen
    to \make steel/a pot Stahl/einen Topf herstellen
    to \make time sich dat [die] Zeit nehmen
    to show what one's [really] made of zeigen, was in einem steckt
    ▪ to \make sb sth [or sth for sb] etw für jdn machen
    he made us some coffee er machte uns Kaffee
    ▪ to be made for sth für etw akk [wie] geschaffen sein
    the doll wasn't made for banging around die Puppe ist nicht dazu gedacht, herumgeschleudert zu werden
    these two were made for each other die zwei sind wie geschaffen füreinander
    ▪ to \make sth etw werden; (be) etw sein
    I don't think he will ever \make a good lawyer ich glaube, aus ihm wird nie ein guter Rechtsanwalt [werden]
    she'll \make a great mother sie wird eine tolle Mutter abgeben
    let's \make a circle lasst uns einen Kreis bilden
    champagne and caviar \make a wonderful combination Champagner und Kaviar sind eine wunderbare Kombination
    to \make a good answer/excuse eine gute Antwort/Entschuldigung sein
    to \make a match gut zusammenpassen
    to \make fascinating reading faszinierend zu lesen sein
    3. (cause) machen
    to \make noise/a scene/trouble Lärm/eine Szene/Ärger machen
    to \make sb one's wife jdn zu seiner Frau machen
    ▪ to \make sth do sth:
    the wind is making my eyes water durch den Wind fangen meine Augen an zu tränen
    you \make things sound so bad du machst alles so schlecht
    the dark colours \make the room look smaller die dunklen Farben lassen das Zimmer kleiner wirken
    ▪ to \make sb do sth jdn dazu bringen [o geh veranlassen], etw zu tun
    what made you move here? was brachte dich dazu, hierher zu ziehen?
    what made you change your mind? wodurch hast du deine Meinung geändert?
    stories like that \make you think again Geschichten wie diese bringen dich zum Nachdenken
    to \make sb laugh jdn zum Lachen bringen
    to \make oneself look ridiculous sich akk lächerlich machen
    to \make sb suffer jdn leiden lassen
    ▪ to \make sb do sth jdn zwingen, etw zu tun
    go to your room! — no, and you can't \make me! geh auf dein Zimmer! — nein, und es kann mich auch keiner dazu zwingen!
    5. + adj (cause to be) machen
    the good weather made Spain so popular das schöne Wetter hat Spanien so beliebt gemacht
    to \make the best of a situation das Beste aus einer Situation machen
    to \make sb angry/happy jdn wütend/glücklich machen
    to \make sth easy etw leicht machen
    to \make oneself heard sich dat Gehör verschaffen
    to \make oneself known to sb sich akk jdm vorstellen, sich akk mit jdm bekanntmachen
    to \make sth public etw veröffentlichen
    to \make oneself understood sich akk verständlich machen
    6. (transform to)
    ▪ to \make sb/sth into sth:
    the recycled paper will be made into cardboard das Recyclingpapier wird zu Karton weiterverarbeitet
    this experience will \make you into a better person diese Erfahrung wird aus dir einen besseren Menschen machen
    we've made the attic into a spare room wir haben den Speicher zu einem Gästezimmer ausgebaut
    7. (perform)
    ▪ to \make sth mistake, progress, offer, suggestion etw machen
    he made a plausible case for returning home early er überzeugte uns, dass es sinnvoll sei, früh nach Hause zu gehen
    they made about 20 miles a day on foot sie legten etwa 20 Meilen am Tag zu Fuß zurück
    I'll have a steak — no, \make that chicken ich nehme ein Steak — ach nein, bringen Sie doch lieber das Hühnchen
    to \make an appointment einen Termin vereinbaren
    to \make a bargain ein Schnäppchen machen
    to \make a bid for sth ein Angebot für [o über] etw akk machen
    to \make a book STOCKEX eine Aufstellung von Aktien machen, für die Kauf- oder Verkaufsaufträge entgegengenommen werden
    to \make a call anrufen
    to \make a deal einen Handel schließen
    to \make a decision eine Entscheidung fällen [o treffen]
    to \make a deposit eine Anzahlung leisten
    to \make a donation eine Spende vornehmen
    to \make an effort sich akk anstrengen
    to \make a face ein Gesicht ziehen
    to \make a good job of sth bei etw dat gute Arbeit leisten
    to \make a move (in game) einen Zug machen; (in business, personal life) etwas unternehmen; body sich akk bewegen
    to \make a payment eine Zahlung leisten
    to \make a promise ein Versprechen geben, etw versprechen
    to \make reservations reservieren
    to \make a request for sth um etw akk bitten
    to \make small talk Konversation betreiben
    to \make a speech/presentation eine Rede/Präsentation halten
    to \make a start anfangen
    to \make good time doing sth bei etw dat schnell vorankommen
    to \make way [or space] [or room] den Weg frei machen
    to \make a withdrawal from a bank Geld bei einer Bank abheben
    ▪ to \make sth with numbers etw ergeben
    five plus five \makes ten fünf und fünf ist zehn
    today's earthquake \makes five since January mit dem heutigen Erdbeben sind es fünf seit Januar
    this \makes the third time my car has broken down das ist nun das dritte Mal, dass mein Auto eine Panne hat
    9. (earn, get)
    ▪ to \make sth:
    he \makes £50,000 a year er verdient [o fam macht] 50.000 Pfund im Jahr
    to \make enemies sich dat Feinde machen
    to \make a fortune sein Glück machen
    to \make friends Freundschaften schließen
    to \make a killing einen Riesengewinn machen
    to \make a living seinen Lebensunterhalt verdienen
    to \make a lot of money out of sth mit etw dat viel Geld verdienen [o fam machen]
    to \make a name for oneself sich dat einen Namen machen
    to \make profits/losses Gewinn/Verlust machen
    ▪ to \make sb president/advisor/ambassador jdn zum Präsidenten/Berater/Botschafter ernennen
    11. (consider important)
    ▪ to \make sth of sth:
    she \makes a lot of politeness sie legt viel Wert auf Höflichkeit
    don't \make too much of his grumpiness gib nicht zu viel auf seine mürrische Art
    how much do you \make the total? was hast du als Summe errechnet?
    I \make the answer [to be] 105.6 ich habe als Lösung 105,6 herausbekommen
    what do you \make the time? was meinst du, wie viel Uhr ist es wohl?
    13. ( fam: get to, reach)
    ▪ to \make sth etw schaffen
    could you \make a meeting at 8 a.m.? schaffst du ein Treffen um 8 Uhr morgens?
    I barely made it to the meeting ich habe es gerade noch zur Versammlung geschafft
    the fire made the front page das Feuer kam auf die Titelseite
    he made captain/sergeant/manager AM er hat es bis zum Kapitän/Feldwebel/Manager gebracht
    to \make the bus/one's train/one's plane den Bus/seinen Zug/sein Flugzeug kriegen
    to \make the deadline den Termin einhalten [können]
    to \make the grade sich akk qualifizieren, es schaffen
    to \make the finals/a team SPORT sich akk für das Finale/ein Team qualifizieren
    to \make the big time ( fam) groß einsteigen fam
    to \make it to the top Karriere machen
    to \make it es schaffen
    the patient may not \make it through the night der Patient wird wahrscheinlich die Nacht nicht überstehen
    14. (render perfect)
    those curtains really \make the living room diese Vorhänge heben das Wohnzimmer ungemein
    this film has made his career der Film machte ihn berühmt
    that made my day! das hat mir den Tag gerettet!
    you've got it made! du hast ausgesorgt!
    to \make love sich akk lieben, miteinander schlafen
    ▪ to \make sb AM, AUS (sl) mit jdm ins Bett gehen fam
    he tried to \make her er hat versucht, sie ins Bett zu kriegen fam
    to \make it with sb (fam!) es mit jdm treiben fam
    16. NAUT
    to \make port Meldung an den Hafenmeister machen
    to \make sail in See stechen
    to \make way vorankommen
    17. ELEC
    to \make contact den Stromkreis schließen
    18.
    ▶ to \make a beeline [or dash] for sth/sb schnurstracks auf etw/jdn zugehen
    ▶ to \make or break sth/sb das Schicksal von etw/jdm in der Hand haben
    ▶ to \make a day/an evening of it den ganzen Tag/die ganze Nacht bleiben
    let's \make a night of it die Nacht ist noch jung
    ▶ to \make a go of it es schaffen, in etw dat Erfolg haben
    ▶ made in heaven perfekt
    ▶ to be made of money Geld wie Heu haben
    ▶ to \make sense Sinn ergeben [o machen
    <made, made>
    to \make to leave/eat dinner/start a fight sich akk anschicken, zu gehen/Abend zu essen/einen Streit anzufangen
    just as we made to leave the phone rang gerade als wir gehen wollten, klingelte das Telefon
    2. (pretend)
    ▪ to \make as if to do sth aussehen, als ob man etw tun wolle
    he made as if to leave the room er machte Anstalten, das Zimmer zu verlassen
    stop making like you know everything! hör auf so zu tun, als wüsstest du alles!
    ▪ to \make like... AM so tun, als ob...
    the boy made like he was sick so he wouldn't have to go to school der Junge stellte sich krank, damit er nicht zur Schule musste
    ▪ to \make with the money/jewels Geld/Juwelen [über]geben
    \make with the money bags, baby! her mit dem Geld, Baby! fam
    4.
    ▶ to \make do with/without sth mit/ohne etw dat auskommen [o hinkommen]
    can you \make do with a fiver? reicht dir ein Fünfpfundschein?
    ▶ to \make do and mend ( prov) flicken und wiederverwerten, was man hat, sich akk mit etw dat zufriedengeben
    * * *
    make [meık]
    A s
    1. a) Machart f, Ausführung f
    b) Erzeugnis n, Produkt n, Fabrikat n:
    our own make (unser) eigenes Fabrikat;
    of best English make beste englische Qualität;
    I like the make of this car mir gefällt die Ausführung oder Form dieses Wagens;
    is this your own make? haben Sie das (selbst) gemacht?
    2. Mode: Schnitt m, Fasson f
    3. WIRTSCH (Fabrik)Marke f
    4. TECH Typ m, Bau(art) m(f)
    5. Beschaffenheit f, Zustand m
    6. Anfertigung f, Herstellung f, Produktion f
    7. Produktion(smenge) f, Ausstoß m
    8. a) (Körper)Bau m
    b) Veranlagung f, Natur f, Art f
    9. Bau m, Gefüge n
    10. Fassung f, Stil m (eines Romans etc)
    11. ELEK Schließen n (des Stromkreises):
    be at make geschlossen sein
    a) Trumpfbestimmung f
    b) Bridge: endgültiges Trumpfgebot
    c) Mischen n (der Karten)
    a) schwer dahinter her sein, auf Geld oder auf seinen Vorteil aus sein,
    b) auf ein (sexuelles) Abenteuer aus sein,
    c) (gesellschaftlich) nach oben drängen,
    d) im Kommen oder Werden sein
    B v/t prät und pperf made [meıd]
    1. allg z. B. Anstrengungen, Einkäufe, Einwände, eine Reise, sein Testament, eine Verbeugung, einen Versuch machen:
    make a fire Feuer machen;
    make a price einen Preis festsetzen oder machen;
    make a speech eine Rede halten;
    make it 2-1 SPORT auf 2:1 stellen;
    he’s (as) stupid as they make them umg er ist so dumm wie sonst was; (siehe die Verbindungen mit den entsprechenden Stichwörtern)
    2. machen:
    a) anfertigen, herstellen, erzeugen ( alle:
    from, of, out of aus)
    b) verarbeiten, bilden, formen ( alle:
    to, into in akk, zu):
    make a man of sb einen Mann aus jemandem machen
    c) Tee etc (zu)bereiten:
    he made himself a cup of coffee er machte sich eine Tasse Kaffee
    d) ein Gedicht etc verfassen, schreiben
    3. errichten, bauen, einen Park, Weg etc anlegen
    4. (er)schaffen:
    God made man Gott schuf den Menschen;
    you are made for this job du bist für diese Arbeit wie geschaffen
    5. fig machen zu:
    make a doctor of sb jemanden Arzt werden lassen
    6. ergeben, bilden, entstehen lassen:
    oxygen and hydrogen make water Wasserstoff und Sauerstoff bilden Wasser
    7. verursachen:
    a) ein Geräusch, Lärm, Mühe, Schwierigkeiten etc machen
    b) bewirken, (mit sich) bringen:
    8. (er)geben, den Stoff abgeben zu, dienen als (Sache):
    this makes a good article das gibt einen guten Artikel;
    this cloth will make a suit dieses Tuch wird für einen Anzug reichen
    9. sich erweisen als (Personen):
    he would make a good salesman er würde einen guten Verkäufer abgeben;
    she made him a good wife sie war ihm eine gute Frau
    10. bilden, (aus)machen:
    this makes the tenth time das ist das zehnte Mal
    11. (mit adj, pperf etc)machen:
    make angry zornig machen, erzürnen; → make good
    12. (mit folgendem Substantiv) machen zu, ernennen zu:
    they made him (a) general, he was made a general er wurde zum General ernannt;
    he made himself a martyr er machte sich zum Märtyrer
    13. mit inf ( aktivisch ohne to, passiv mit to) jemanden lassen, veranlassen oder bringen oder zwingen oder nötigen zu:
    make sb wait jemanden warten lassen;
    he was made to wait for an hour man ließ ihn eine Stunde warten;
    we made him talk wir brachten ihn zum Sprechen;
    they made him repeat it, he was made to repeat it man ließ es ihn wiederholen;
    make sth do, make do with sth mit etwas auskommen, sich mit etwas begnügen oder behelfen;
    that coat makes him look absurd in dem Mantel schaut er einfach lächerlich aus; → laugh B
    14. fig machen:
    a) viel Wesens um etwas od jemanden machen,
    b) viel halten von, eine hohe Meinung haben von, große Stücke halten auf (akk)
    15. sich eine Vorstellung von etwas machen, etwas halten für:
    what do you make of it? was halten Sie davon?
    16. umg jemanden halten für:
    17. schätzen auf (akk):
    how old do you make him? wie alt schätzen Sie ihn?
    18. feststellen:
    I make it a quarter to five nach meiner Uhr ist es Viertel vor fünf
    19. erfolgreich durchführen: → escape C 1
    20. jemandem zum Erfolg verhelfen, jemandes Glück machen:
    I can make and break you ich kann aus Ihnen etwas machen und ich kann Sie auch erledigen
    21. sich ein Vermögen etc erwerben, verdienen, Geld, einen Profit machen, einen Gewinn erzielen: → name Bes Redew
    22. schaffen:
    a) eine Strecke zurücklegen:
    make it es (räumlich od zeitlich) schaffen ( → B 23);
    he didn’t make it to the emergency exit er schaffte es nicht bis zum Notausgang;
    sorry, I couldn’t make it any earlier ich konnte leider nicht früher kommen
    b) eine Geschwindigkeit erreichen, machen:
    23. umg etwas erreichen, schaffen, einen akademischen Grad erlangen, SPORT etc Punkte, auch eine Schulnote erzielen, einen Zug erwischen:
    make it es schaffen ( → B 22);
    he made it to general er brachte es bis zum General;
    make the team bes US sich einen Platz (in der Mannschaft) erobern; → regular A 14
    24. sl eine Frau rumkriegen, umlegen (verführen)
    25. ankommen in (dat), erreichen:
    make port SCHIFF in den Hafen einlaufen
    26. SCHIFF Land etc sichten, ausmachen
    27. Br eine Mahlzeit einnehmen
    28. ein Fest etc veranstalten
    a) Karten mischen
    b) einen Stich machen
    30. ELEK den Stromkreis schließen, einen Kontakt herstellen
    31. LING den Plural etc bilden, werden zu
    32. sich belaufen auf (akk), ergeben, machen:
    two and two make four 2 und 2 macht oder ist 4
    33. besonders Br ein Tier abrichten, dressieren
    34. obs übersetzen (in eine andere Sprache)
    35. US sl jemanden identifizieren
    C v/i
    1. sich anschicken, den Versuch machen ( beide:
    to do zu tun):
    he made to go er wollte gehen
    2. (to nach)
    a) sich begeben oder wenden
    b) führen, gehen (Weg etc), sich erstrecken
    c) fließen
    3. einsetzen (Ebbe, Flut), (an)steigen (Flut etc)
    4. (statt passiv) gemacht oder hergestellt werden
    5. Kartenspiel: einen Stich machen
    6. make as if ( oder as though) so tun, als ob oder als wenn:
    make believe vorgeben ( that dass; to do zu tun);
    make like US sl sich benehmen oder aufführen wie
    * * *
    1.
    [meɪk]transitive verb, made [meɪd]
    1) (construct) machen, anfertigen (of aus); bauen [Damm, Straße, Flugzeug, Geige]; anlegen [See, Teich, Weg usw.]; zimmern [Tisch, Regal]; basteln [Spielzeug, Vogelhäuschen, Dekoration usw.]; nähen [Kleider]; durchbrechen [Türöffnung]; (manufacture) herstellen; (create) [er]schaffen [Welt]; (prepare) zubereiten [Mahlzeit]; machen [Frühstück, Grog]; machen, kochen [Kaffee, Tee, Marmelade]; backen [Brot, Kuchen]; (compose, write) schreiben, verfassen [Buch, Gedicht, Lied, Bericht]; machen [Eintrag, Zeichen, Kopie, Zusammenfassung, Testament]; anfertigen [Entwurf]; aufsetzen [Bewerbung, Schreiben, Urkunde]

    make a dress out of the material, make the material into a dress — aus dem Stoff ein Kleid machen

    a table made of wood/of the finest wood — ein Holztisch/ein Tisch aus feinstem Holz

    show what one is made of — zeigen, was in einem steckt (ugs.)

    be [simply] 'made of money — (coll.) im Geld [nur so] schwimmen (ugs.)

    be 'made for something/somebody — (fig.): (ideally suited) wie geschaffen für etwas/jemanden sein

    make a bed — (for sleeping) ein Bett bauen (ugs.)

    have it made — (coll.) ausgesorgt haben (ugs.)

    2) (combine into) sich verbinden zu; bilden
    3) (cause to exist) machen [Ärger, Schwierigkeiten, Lärm, Aufhebens]

    make enemies — sich (Dat.) Feinde machen od. schaffen

    make time for doing or to do something — sich (Dat.) die Zeit dazu nehmen, etwas zu tun

    4) (result in, amount to) machen [Unterschied, Summe]; ergeben [Resultat]

    two and two make four — zwei und zwei ist od. macht od. sind vier

    qualities that make a man — Eigenschaften, die einen Mann ausmachen

    5) (establish, enact) bilden [Gegensatz]; treffen [Unterscheidung, Übereinkommen]; ziehen [Vergleich, Parallele]; erlassen [Gesetz, Haftbefehl]; aufstellen [Regeln, Behauptung]; stellen [Forderung]; geben [Bericht]; schließen [Vertrag]; vornehmen [Zahlung]; machen [Geschäft, Vorschlag, Geständnis]; erheben [Anschuldigung, Protest, Beschwerde]

    make angry/happy/known — etc. wütend/glücklich/bekannt usw. machen

    make oneself heard/respected — sich (Dat.) Gehör/Respekt verschaffen

    make it a shorter journey by doing something — die Reise abkürzen, indem man etwas tut

    7)

    make somebody do something — (cause) jemanden dazu bringen, etwas zu tun; (compel) jemanden zwingen, etwas zu tun

    be made to do something — etwas tun müssen; (be compelled) gezwungen werden, etwas zu tun

    make oneself do something — sich überwinden, etwas zu tun

    8) (form, be counted as)

    this makes the tenth time you've failed — das ist nun [schon] das zehnte Mal, dass du versagt hast

    will you make one of the party? — wirst du dabei od. (ugs.) mit von der Partie sein?

    9) (serve for) abgeben
    11) (gain, acquire, procure) machen [Vermögen, Profit, Verlust]; machen (ugs.) [Geld]; verdienen [Lebensunterhalt]; sich (Dat.) erwerben [Ruf]; (obtain as result) kommen zu od. auf, herausbekommen [Ergebnis, Endsumme]
    12) machen [Geste, Bewegung, Verbeugung]; machen [Reise, Besuch, Ausnahme, Fehler, Angebot, Entdeckung, Witz, Bemerkung]; begehen [Irrtum]; vornehmen [Änderung, Stornierung]; vorbringen [Beschwerde]; tätigen, machen [Einkäufe]; geben [Versprechen, Kommentar]; halten [Rede]; ziehen [Vergleich]; durchführen, machen [Experiment, Analyse, Inspektion]; (wage) führen [Krieg]; (accomplish) schaffen [Strecke pro Zeiteinheit]
    13)

    make little of something — (play something down) etwas herunterspielen

    they could make little of his letter — (understand) sie konnten mit seinem Brief nicht viel anfangen

    I don't know what to make of him/it — ich werde aus ihm/daraus nicht schlau od. klug

    what do you make of him? — was hältst du von ihm?; wie schätzt du ihn ein?

    14) (arrive at) erreichen [Bestimmungsort]; (coll.): (catch) [noch] kriegen (ugs.) [Zug usw.]
    15)

    something makes or breaks or mars somebody — etwas entscheidet über jmds. Glück oder Verderben (Akk.)

    What do you make the time? - I make it five past eight — Wie spät hast du es od. ist es bei dir? - Auf meiner Uhr ist es fünf nach acht

    17)

    make 'do with/without something — mit/ohne etwas auskommen

    2. intransitive verb,

    make toward something/somebody — auf etwas/jemanden zusteuern

    make to do something — Anstalten machen, etwas zu tun

    make as if or as though to do something — so tun, als wolle man etwas tun

    3. noun
    1) (kind of structure) Ausführung, die; (of clothes) Machart, die
    2) (type of manufacture) Fabrikat, das; (brand) Marke, die

    make of car — Automarke, die

    3)

    on the make — (coll.): (intent on gain) hinter dem Geld her (abwertend)

    Phrasal Verbs:
    * * *
    n.
    Fabrikat -e n.
    Herstellung f.
    Marke -n f. v.
    (§ p.,p.p.: made)
    = knüpfen v.
    machen v.
    vornehmen v.

    English-german dictionary > make

  • 4 have

    1. transitive verb,
    pres. he has, p.t. & p.p. had
    1) (possess) haben

    I have it! — ich hab's[!]

    and what have you — (coll.) und so weiter

    2) (obtain) bekommen

    let's not have any... — lass uns... vermeiden

    come on, let's have it! — (coll.) rück schon raus damit! (ugs.)

    3) (take) nehmen
    4) (keep) behalten; haben
    5) (eat, drink, etc.)

    have breakfast/dinner/lunch — frühstücken/zu Abend/zu Mittag essen

    6) (experience) haben [Spaß, Vergnügen]
    7) (suffer) haben [Krankheit, Schmerz, Enttäuschung, Abenteuer]; (show) haben [Güte, Freundlichkeit, Frechheit]
    8) (engage in)
    9) (accept)
    10) (give birth to) bekommen
    11) (coll.): (swindle)

    I was had — ich bin [he]reingelegt worden (ugs.)

    ever been had! — da bist du ganz schön reingefallen (ugs.)

    12) (know)

    I have it on good authority that... — ich weiß es aus zuverlässiger Quelle, dass...

    13) (as guest)
    14) (summon)

    he had me into his office — er hat mich in sein Büro beordert

    15) (in coll. phrases)

    you've had it now — (coll.) jetzt ist es aus (ugs.)

    this car/dress has had it — (coll.) dieser Wagen/dieses Kleid hat ausgedient

    2. auxiliary verb,

    I have/I had read — ich habe/hatte gelesen

    I have/I had gone — ich bin/war gegangen

    having seen him — (because) weil ich ihn gesehen habe/hatte; (after) wenn ich ihn gesehen habe/nachdem ich ihn gesehen hatte

    if I had known... — wenn ich gewusst hätte...

    2) (cause to be)

    have something made/repaired — etwas machen/reparieren lassen

    have the painters in — die Maler haben

    have a tooth extracted — sich (Dat.) einen Zahn ziehen lassen

    3)

    she had her purse stolen — man hat ihr das Portemonnaie gestohlen

    4) (expr. obligation)

    I only have to do the washing-up — ich muss nur noch den Abwasch machen

    I have only to see him to feel annoyed — ich brauche ihn nur zu sehen, und ich ärgere mich

    3. noun
    Phrasal Verbs:
    - academic.ru/33887/have_off">have off
    - have on
    - have out
    * * *
    (to have or keep (something) in case or until it is needed: If you go to America please keep some money in reserve for your fare home.) in Reserve halten
    * * *
    [hæv, həv]
    <has, had, had>
    1. (forming past tenses)
    he has never been to Scotland before er war noch nie zuvor in Schottland
    we had been swimming wir waren schwimmen gewesen
    I've heard that story before ich habe diese Geschichte schon einmal gehört
    I wish I'd bought it ich wünschte, ich hätte es gekauft
    \have we been invited? — yes we \have sind wir eingeladen worden? — ja, sind wir
    I've passed my test — \have you? congratulations! ich habe den Test bestanden — oh, wirklich? herzlichen Glückwunsch!
    they still hadn't had any news sie hatten immer noch keine Neuigkeiten
    she had her car stolen last week man hat ihr letzte Woche das Auto gestohlen
    he had a window smashed es wurde ihm eine Scheibe eingeschlagen
    3. (render)
    ▪ to \have sth done etw tun lassen
    to \have one's hair cut/done/dyed sich dat die Haare schneiden/machen/färben lassen
    4. (must)
    ▪ to \have [or \have got] to do sth etw tun müssen
    what time \have we got to be there? wann müssen wir dort sein?
    do I \have to? muss ich [das] wirklich?
    5. ( form: if)
    had I/she/he etc. done sth,... hätte ich/sie/er etc. etw getan,..., wenn ich/sie/er etc. etw getan hätte,...
    if only I'd known this wenn ich das nur gewusst hätte
    <has, had, had>
    ▪ to \have [or esp BRIT, AUS \have got] sth etw haben
    he's got green eyes er hat grüne Augen; (own) etw haben [o besitzen]
    I don't have [or haven't got] a car ich habe [o besitze] kein Auto
    do you have a current driving licence? haben Sie einen gültigen Führerschein?
    she has a degree in physics sie hat einen Hochschulabschluss in Physik
    to \have [or esp BRIT, AUS \have got] the time (know the time) die Uhrzeit haben, wissen, wie spät [o wie viel Uhr] es ist; (have enough time) Zeit haben
    \have you got the time? kannst du mir die Uhrzeit sagen?
    will you \have time to finish the report today? reicht es Ihnen, den Bericht heute noch zu Ende zu schreiben?
    ▪ to \have [or esp BRIT, AUS \have got] sth illness, symptom etw haben
    to \have cancer/polio Krebs/Polio haben, an Krebs/Polio erkrankt sein
    to \have a cold erkältet sein, eine Erkältung haben
    ▪ to \have [or esp BRIT, AUS \have got] sth etw haben
    at least she had the good sense to turn the gas off zumindest war sie so schlau, das Gas abzudrehen
    he had the gall to tell me that I was fat! hat er doch die Frechheit besessen, mir zu sagen, ich sei dick!
    to \have the decency to do sth die Anständigkeit besitzen, etw zu tun
    to \have the honesty to do sth so ehrlich sein, etw zu tun
    to \have patience/sympathy Geduld/Mitgefühl haben
    I \haven't any sympathy for this troublemaker ich empfinde keinerlei Mitleid mit diesem Unruhestifter
    to \have a bath/shower ein Bad/eine Dusche nehmen, baden/duschen
    to \have a nap [or ( fam) snooze] ein Schläfchen [o fam Nickerchen] machen
    to \have a party eine Party machen
    to \have a swim schwimmen
    to \have a talk with sb mit jdm sprechen; (argue) sich akk mit jdm aussprechen
    to \have a try es versuchen
    I'd like to \have a try ich würde es gern einmal probieren
    to \have a walk spazieren gehen, einen Spaziergang machen
    5. (consume)
    ▪ to \have sth etw zu sich dat nehmen
    I'll \have the trout, please ich hätte gern die Forelle
    I haven't had shrimps in ages! ich habe schon ewig keine Shrimps mehr gegessen!
    \have a cigarette/some more coffee nimm doch eine Zigarette/noch etwas Kaffee
    we're having sausages for lunch today zum Mittagessen gibt es heute Würstchen
    to \have a cigarette eine Zigarette rauchen
    to \have lunch/dinner zu Mittag/Abend essen
    we're having a wonderful time in Venice wir verbringen eine wundervolle Zeit in Venedig
    we didn't \have any difficulty finding the house wir hatten keinerlei Schwierigkeiten, das Haus zu finden
    we'll soon \have rain es wird bald regnen
    let's not \have any trouble now! bloß kein Ärger jetzt!
    to \have fun/luck Spaß/Glück haben
    \have a nice day/evening! viel Spaß!; (to customers) einen schönen Tag noch!
    7. (receive)
    I've just had a letter from John ich habe gerade erst einen Brief von John erhalten
    okay, let's \have it! okay, her [o rüber] damit! fam
    to let sb \have sth back jdm etw zurückgeben
    to \have news of sb Neuigkeiten von jdm erfahren
    my mother's having the children to stay die Kinder bleiben bei meiner Mutter
    we had his hamster for weeks wir haben wochenlang für seinen Hamster gesorgt
    they've got Ian's father staying with them Ians Vater ist bei ihnen zu Besuch
    thanks for having us danke für Ihre Gastfreundschaft
    to \have sb back (resume relationship) jdn wieder [bei sich dat] aufnehmen
    they solved their problems, and she had him back sie haben ihre Probleme gelöst und sie ist wieder mit ihm zusammen
    to \have sb to visit jdn zu [o auf] Besuch haben
    to \have visitors Besuch haben
    9. (feature)
    ▪ to \have [or esp BRIT, AUS \have got] sth etw haben
    the new model has xenon headlights das neue Modell ist mit Xenon-Scheinwerfern ausgestattet
    10. (exhibit)
    ▪ to \have [or esp BRIT, AUS \have got] sth etw haben [o aufweisen]
    this wine has a soft, fruity flavour dieser Wein schmeckt weich und fruchtig
    11. (comprise)
    ▪ to \have [or esp BRIT, AUS \have got] sth etw haben
    a week has 7 days eine Wochen hat [o geh zählt] 7 Tage
    12. (have learned)
    ▪ to \have [or esp BRIT, AUS \have got] sth etw haben
    to \have [a little] French/German Grundkenntnisse in Französisch/Deutsch haben
    13. (think)
    ▪ to \have [or esp BRIT, AUS \have got] sth idea, plan, reason, suggestion etw haben
    \have you reason to think he'll refuse? ( form) haben Sie Grund zur Annahme, dass er ablehnen wird?
    14. (be obliged)
    ▪ to \have [or esp BRIT, AUS \have got] sth to do etw tun müssen
    you simply \have to see this film! diesen Film musst du dir unbedingt anschauen!
    to \have a child ein Kind bekommen
    my mother was 18 when she had me meine Mutter war 18, als ich geboren wurde
    to be having a baby (be pregnant) ein Baby bekommen, schwanger sein
    to have [or esp BRIT, AUS \have got] the radio/TV on das Radio/den Fernseher anhaben fam
    to \have [or esp BRIT, AUS \have got] sth ready (finish) etw fertig haben; (to hand) etw bereit haben
    17. (induce)
    ▪ to \have sb do sth jdn [dazu] veranlassen, etw zu tun
    ▪ to \have sb/sth doing sth jdn/etw dazu bringen, etw zu tun
    the film soon had us crying der Film brachte uns schnell zum Weinen
    Guy'll \have it working in no time Guy wird es im Handumdrehen zum Laufen bringen
    18. (request)
    ▪ to \have sb do sth jdn [darum] bitten, etw zu tun
    I'll \have the secretary run you off a copy for you ich werde von der Sekretärin eine Kopie für Sie anfertigen lassen
    19. (find)
    ▪ to \have [or esp BRIT, AUS \have got] sb/sth jdn/etw [gefunden] haben
    20. (place)
    ▪ to \have [or esp BRIT, AUS \have got] sb/sth somewhere jdn/etw irgendwo haben
    she had her back to me sie lag/saß/stand mit dem Rücken zu mir
    21. (hold)
    ▪ to \have [or esp BRIT, AUS \have got] sb/sth by sth:
    she had the dog by the ears sie hielt den Hund fest an den Ohren
    to \have [or esp BRIT, AUS \have got] sb by the throat jdn bei [o an] der Kehle [o Gurgel] gepackt haben
    22. (fam!: have sex with)
    ▪ to \have sb mit jdm Sex haben
    how many men have you had? wie viele Männer hast du gehabt?
    23. ( fam: deceive)
    £80 for a CD? you've been had! 80 Pfund für eine CD? dich hat man ganz schön übern Tisch gezogen! fam
    24. ( fam: confound)
    ▪ to \have [or esp BRIT, AUS \have got] sb jdn in Verlegenheit bringen
    the GNP of Greece? you \have me there das BSP von Griechenland? da hab ich nicht den leisesten Schimmer fam
    25. esp AM ( fam: indulge)
    ▪ to \have oneself sth sich dat etw gönnen [o genehmen]
    I think I'm going to have myself an ice cream Ich glaub', ich gönne mir ein Eis
    don't worry about it anymore — just go and have yourself a nice little holiday mach dir mal keine Gedanken mehr darüber — genieße erstmal deinen Urlaub
    26.
    ▶ to not \have any [of it] ( fam) nichts von etw dat wissen wollen
    ▶ to not \have sb/sth doing sth nicht erlauben [o zulassen], dass jd/etw etw tut
    ▶ to \have done with sth mit etw dat fertig sein
    ▶ to \have [got] it (find answer)
    we \have it! wir haben es!
    ▶ to \have it that... (claim)
    rumour has it that... es geht das Gerücht [um], dass...
    ▶ to have had it ( fam: be broken) hinüber sein fam, ausgedient haben; (be tired) fix und fertig sein fam; (be in serious trouble) dran fam [o sl geliefert] sein
    if she finds out, you've had it! wenn sie es herausfindet, bist du dran [o ist der Ofen aus]! fam
    ▶ to have had it with sb/sth ( fam) von jdm/etw die Nase [gestrichen] voll haben fam, jdn/etw satthaben
    I've had it with his childish behaviour! sein kindisches Benehmen steht mir bis hier oben!
    ▶ there's none to be had of sth etw ist nicht zu bekommen [o fam aufzutreiben]
    there's no real Italian cheese to be had round here man bekommt hier nirgendwo echten italienischen Käse
    ▶ to not \have sth (not allow) etw nicht zulassen, [jdm] etw nicht abnehmen wollen
    I won't \have it! kommt nicht infrage [o fam in die Tüte]!
    I'm not having any squabbling in this house ich toleriere in diesem Haus keine Zankerei
    I'm not having your behaviour spoil my party ich werde mir meine Feier durch dein Benehmen nicht verderben lassen
    I wont have you insult my wife ich lasse es nicht zu, dass Sie meine Frau beleidigen
    ▶ to \have [or esp BRIT, AUS\have got] nothing on sb ( fam: be less able) gegen jdn nicht ankommen, mit jdm nicht mithalten können; (lack evidence) nichts gegen jdn in der Hand haben, keine Handhabe gegen jdn haben
    he's a good player, but he's got nothing on his brother er spielt gut, aber seinem Bruder kann er noch lange nicht das Wasser reichen
    ▶ and what \have you ( fam) und wer weiß was noch fam
    III. NOUN
    ( fam)
    ▪ the \haves pl die gut Betuchten fam, die Reichen
    the \haves and the \have-nots die Besitzenden und die Besitzlosen
    * * *
    [hv] pret, ptp had, 3rd pers sing present has When have is part of a set combination, eg have a look, have a dream, have a good time, look up the noun.
    1. AUXILIARY VERB
    1) habenThe verb haben is the auxiliary used with most verbs to form past tenses in German. For important exceptions see (b).

    to have seen/heard/eaten — gesehen/gehört/gegessen haben

    I have/had seen — ich habe/hatte gesehen

    I have not/had not or I haven't/I hadn't seen him — ich habe/hatte ihn nicht gesehen

    had I seen him, if I had seen him — hätte ich ihn gesehen, wenn ich ihn gesehen hätte

    having said that he left — nachdem or als er das gesagt hatte, ging er Note the tenses used in the following:

    I have lived or have been living here for 10 years/since January — ich wohne or lebe schon 10 Jahre/seit Januar hier

    2) seinThe verb sein is used with verbs of motion, eg. gehen, fahren, or verbs implying development, eg. wachsen, and to form past tenses.

    to have gone/run — gegangen/gelaufen sein

    3)

    in tag questions etc you've seen her, haven't you? — du hast sie gesehen, oder nicht?

    you haven't seen her, have you? — du hast sie nicht gesehen, oder?

    you haven't seen her – yes, I have — du hast sie nicht gesehen – doch or wohl (inf)

    you've made a mistake – no, I haven't — du hast einen Fehler gemacht – nein(, hab ich nicht)

    you've dropped your book – so I have — dir ist dein Buch hingefallen – stimmt or tatsächlich

    have you been there? if you have/haven't... — sind Sie schon mal da gewesen? wenn ja/nein or nicht,...

    I have seen a ghost – have you? — ich habe ein Gespenst gesehen – wahrhaftig or tatsächlich?

    I've lost it – you haven't! (disbelieving) — ich habe es verloren – nein!

    2. MODAL AUXILIARY VERB
    __diams; to have to do sth (= to be obliged) etw tun müssen

    I have (got esp Brit) to do it — ich muss es tun or machen

    I don't have to do it — ich muss es nicht tun, ich brauche es nicht zu tun

    you didn't have to tell her — das mussten Sie ihr nicht unbedingt sagen, das hätten Sie ihr nicht unbedingt sagen müssen or brauchen

    he doesn't have to work — er braucht nicht zu arbeiten, er muss nicht arbeiten

    3. TRANSITIVE VERB
    1) = possess haben

    have you (got esp Brit) or do you have a car? — hast du ein Auto?

    to have something/nothing to do — etwas/nichts zu tun haben

    I have (got esp Brit) work/a translation to do — ich habe zu arbeiten/eine Übersetzung zu erledigen

    I must have more time —

    she has (got esp Brit) blue eyes — sie hat blaue Augen

    what time do you have? (US) — wie viel Uhr hast du? (inf), wie spät hast du es?

    2) = receive, obtain, get haben

    I have it on good authority that... — ich habe aus zuverlässiger Quelle gehört or erfahren, dass...

    I must have something to eat — ich brauche etwas zu essen, ich muss dringend etwas zu essen haben

    there are no newspapers to be had —

    please let me have your address I'll let you have it for £50 — geben Sie mir bitte Ihre Adresse ich gebe es dir für £ 50

    3)

    = eat, drink, take to have breakfast — frühstücken

    to have lunch/dinner — zu Mittag/Abend essen

    will you have a drink/cigarette? — möchten Sie etwas zu trinken/eine Zigarette?

    what will you have? – I'll have the steak — was möchten or hätten Sie gern(e)? – ich hätte or möchte gern das Steak

    he had a cigarette/drink/steak —

    have another one — nimm noch eine/einen/eines; (drink) trink noch einen; (cigarette) rauch noch eine

    4) = catch, hold (gepackt) haben

    me by the throat/the hair — er hatte or hielt mich am Hals/bei den Haaren gepackt

    him where I want him —

    5)

    = suffer from he has diabetes — er ist zuckerkrank, er hat Zucker (inf)

    6)

    = experience to have a pleasant evening — einen netten Abend verbringen

    to have a good time — Spaß haben, sich amüsieren

    7) = hold, organize party geben, machen; meeting abhalten
    8)

    = go for to have a walk — einen Spaziergang machen, spazieren gehen

    9)

    = give birth to to have a child or baby —

    she is having a baby in April she had twins — sie bekommt or kriegt (inf) im April ein Kind sie hat Zwillinge bekommen or geboren or gekriegt (inf)

    10)

    = cause to be I had him in such a state that... — er war in einer solchen Verfassung, dass...

    he had the police baffled —

    11)

    = maintain, insist as he has it, Paul is guilty — er besteht darauf, dass Paul schuldig ist

    as he had it, Paul isn't guilty — er wollte nichts davon hören, dass Paul schuldig ist

    has it —

    as the Bible/Shakespeare has it — wie es in der Bibel/bei Shakespeare steht

    12)

    = refuse to allow in negative sentences I won't have this nonsense — dieser Unsinn kommt (mir) nicht infrage or in Frage!

    I won't have this sort of rudeness! —

    I won't have him insulted —

    I won't have him insult his mother — ich lasse es nicht zu, dass er seine Mutter beleidigt

    13) = wish mögen

    which one will you have? —

    as fate would have it,... — wie es das Schicksal so wollte,...

    what would you have me do? — was wollen Sie, dass ich mache?

    14) set structures __diams; to have sth done = request, order etw tun lassen

    to have one's hair cut — sich (dat) die Haare schneiden lassen

    to have a suit made — sich (dat) einen Anzug machen lassen

    have it mended — geben Sie es in Reparatur, lassen Sie es reparieren

    he had his arm broken — er hat/hatte einen gebrochenen Arm

    I'll have you know... — Sie müssen nämlich wissen...

    I had my friends turn against me — ich musste es erleben, wie or dass sich meine Freunde gegen mich wandten

    she soon had them all reading and writing — dank ihres Engagements konnten alle schon bald lesen und schreiben __diams; to have had it

    if I miss the last bus, I've had it — wenn ich den letzten Bus verpasse, bin ich geliefert (inf) or ist der Ofen aus (inf) __diams; let him have it! (inf) gibs ihm! (inf) __diams; have it your own way machen Sie es or halten Sie es, wie Sie wollen __diams; to be had ( inf

    * * *
    have [hæv; unbetont həv, əv]
    A s
    1. the haves and the have-nots die Begüterten und die Habenichtse, die Reichen und die Armen
    2. Br umg Trick m
    B v/t prät und pperf had [hæd], 2. sg präs obs hast [hæst], 3. sg präs has [hæz], obs hath [hæθ], 2. sg prät obs hadst [hædst]
    1. allg haben, besitzen:
    he has a house (a friend, a good memory);
    we can’t have everything man kann nicht alles haben;
    you have my word for it ich gebe Ihnen mein Wort darauf;
    I had the whole road to myself ich hatte die ganze Straße für mich allein;
    I wouldn’t have it if you gave it to me das nähme ich nicht (mal) geschenkt; → get B 10 a
    2. haben, erleben:
    we had a fine time wir hatten viel Spaß, wir hatten es schön
    3. a) ein Kind bekommen
    b) ZOOL Junge werfen
    4. behalten:
    can I have it?; → honor B 2
    5. Gefühle, einen Verdacht etc haben, hegen
    6. Nachrichten etc erhalten, bekommen ( beide:
    from von):
    (not) to be had (nicht) zu haben, (nicht) erhältlich
    7. (erfahren) haben:
    I have it from reliable sources ich habe es aus verlässlicher Quelle (erfahren);
    I have it from my friend ich habe oder weiß es von meinem Freund
    8. Speisen etc zu sich nehmen, einnehmen, essen oder trinken etc:
    I had a glass of sherry ich trank ein Glas Sherry;
    have another sandwich nehmen Sie noch ein Sandwich!;
    what will you have? was nehmen Sie?;
    have a cigar eine Zigarre rauchen; → breakfast A, dinner 1, etc
    9. haben, ausführen, (mit)machen:
    have a discussion eine Diskussion haben oder abhalten; → look A 1, try A 1, walk A 3, wash A 1
    10. können, beherrschen:
    she has no French sie kann nicht oder kein Französisch;
    have sth by heart etwas auswendig können
    11. (be)sagen, behaupten:
    he will have it that … er behauptet steif und fest, dass …;
    astrology has it that Taureons are … der Astrologie zufolge sind Stiere …; → rumor A 1
    12. sagen, ausdrücken:
    as Byron has it wie Byron sagt
    13. umg erwischt haben:
    he had me there da hatte er mich (an meiner schwachen Stelle) erwischt, da war ich überfragt
    14. Br umg jemanden reinlegen:
    you have been had man hat dich reingelegt oder übers Ohr gehauen
    15. haben, dulden:
    I will not ( oder won’t) have it ich dulde es nicht, ich will es nicht (haben);
    I won’t have it mentioned ich will nicht, dass es erwähnt wird;
    he wasn’t having any umg er ließ sich auf nichts ein;
    thank you for having us bes Br vielen Dank für die schöne Zeit bei Ihnen; → none Bes Redew
    16. haben, erleiden:
    they had broken bones sie erlitten Knochenbrüche;
    he had a shock er bekam einen Schock
    17. (vor inf) müssen:
    he will have to do it er wird es tun müssen;
    we have to obey wir haben zu oder müssen gehorchen;
    it has to be done es muss getan werden; → get B 10 b
    18. (mit Objekt und pperf) lassen:
    I had a suit made ich ließ mir einen Anzug machen;
    they had him shot sie ließen ihn erschießen
    19. mit Objekt und pperf zum Ausdruck des Passivs:
    he had a son born to him ihm wurde ein Sohn geboren;
    I’ve had some money stolen mir ist Geld gestohlen worden
    20. (mit Objekt und inf) (veran)lassen:
    have them come here at once lass sie sofort hierherkommen;
    I had him sit down ich ließ ihn Platz nehmen
    21. (mit Objekt und inf) es erleben, dass:
    I had all my friends turn against me ich erlebte es oder ich musste es erleben, dass sich alle meine Freunde gegen mich wandten
    22. ( nach will oder would mit akk und inf):
    I would have you to know it ich möchte, dass Sie es wissen
    23. würde, täte ( mit as well, rather, better, best etc):
    I had rather go than stay ich möchte lieber gehen als bleiben;
    you had best go du tätest am besten daran, zu gehen;
    he better had das wäre das Beste(, was er tun könnte)
    C v/i
    1. obs eilen:
    have after sb jemandem nacheilen
    2. have at obs zu Leibe rücken (dat), sich hermachen über (akk)
    3. they had until July 3 sie hatten bis zum 3. Juli Zeit
    4. I have to ich muss;
    do you have to? muss das sein?
    D v/aux
    1. haben:
    I have seen ich habe gesehen
    2. sein:
    I have been ich bin gewesen Besondere Redewendungen: have and hold JUR US innehaben, besitzen;
    I have it! ich habs! (ich habe die Lösung gefunden);
    a) er ist reingefallen,
    b) er hat sein Fett (seine Strafe) weg,
    c) er ist erledigt (auch tot) my car has had it umg mein Wagen ist im Eimer;
    let sb have it es jemandem (tüchtig) geben oder besorgen, jemanden fertigmachen umg;
    I didn’t know he had it in him ich wusste gar nicht, dass er dazu fähig ist oder dass er das Zeug dazu hat;
    I have nothing against him personally ich habe nichts gegen ihn persönlich;
    a) jemandem in keiner Weise überlegen sein,
    b) nichts gegen jemanden in der Hand haben, jemandem nichts anhaben können have it (all) over sb umg jemandem (haushoch) überlegen sein;
    he has it over me that … umg er ist mir insofern voraus, als …;
    have what it takes das Zeug dazu haben; → do1 B 9
    * * *
    1. transitive verb,
    pres. he has, p.t. & p.p. had
    1) (possess) haben

    I have it! — ich hab's[!]

    and what have you — (coll.) und so weiter

    2) (obtain) bekommen

    let's not have any... — lass uns... vermeiden

    come on, let's have it! — (coll.) rück schon raus damit! (ugs.)

    3) (take) nehmen
    4) (keep) behalten; haben
    5) (eat, drink, etc.)

    have breakfast/dinner/lunch — frühstücken/zu Abend/zu Mittag essen

    6) (experience) haben [Spaß, Vergnügen]
    7) (suffer) haben [Krankheit, Schmerz, Enttäuschung, Abenteuer]; (show) haben [Güte, Freundlichkeit, Frechheit]
    10) (give birth to) bekommen
    11) (coll.): (swindle)

    I was had — ich bin [he]reingelegt worden (ugs.)

    12) (know)

    I have it on good authority that... — ich weiß es aus zuverlässiger Quelle, dass...

    15) (in coll. phrases)

    you've had it now — (coll.) jetzt ist es aus (ugs.)

    this car/dress has had it — (coll.) dieser Wagen/dieses Kleid hat ausgedient

    2. auxiliary verb,

    I have/I had read — ich habe/hatte gelesen

    I have/I had gone — ich bin/war gegangen

    having seen him — (because) weil ich ihn gesehen habe/hatte; (after) wenn ich ihn gesehen habe/nachdem ich ihn gesehen hatte

    if I had known... — wenn ich gewusst hätte...

    have something made/repaired — etwas machen/reparieren lassen

    have a tooth extracted — sich (Dat.) einen Zahn ziehen lassen

    3)
    4) (expr. obligation)

    I have only to see him to feel annoyed — ich brauche ihn nur zu sehen, und ich ärgere mich

    3. noun
    Phrasal Verbs:
    * * *
    (a) temperature expr.
    fiebern v. (take) pity on someone expr.
    mit jemandem Mitleid haben ausdr. (to possess) v.
    besitzen v. v.
    (§ p.,p.p.: had)
    = bekommen v.
    haben v.
    (§ p.,pp.: hatte, gehabt)

    English-german dictionary > have

  • 5 as

    æz
    1. conjunction
    1) (when; while: I met John as I was coming home; We'll be able to talk as we go.) cuando; mientras
    2) (because: As I am leaving tomorrow, I've bought you a present.) como
    3) (in the same way that: If you are not sure how to behave, do as I do.) como, igual que
    4) (used to introduce a statement of what the speaker knows or believes to be the case: As you know, I'll be leaving tomorrow.) como
    5) (though: Old as I am, I can still fight; Much as I want to, I cannot go.) aunque; por mucho que + verbo en subjuntivo
    6) (used to refer to something which has already been stated and apply it to another person: Tom is English, as are Dick and Harry.) al igual que

    2. adverb
    (used in comparisons, eg the first as in the following example: The bread was as hard as a brick.) tan

    3. preposition
    1) (used in comparisons, eg the second as in the following example: The bread was as hard as a brick.) como
    2) (like: He was dressed as a woman.) como
    3) (with certain verbs eg regard, treat, describe, accept: I am regarded by some people as a bit of a fool; He treats the children as adults.) como
    4) (in the position of: He is greatly respected both as a person and as a politician.) como, en tanto que
    •
    - as if / as though
    - as to

    as1 adv tan / tanto
    as2 conj
    1. mientras / cuando
    2. como / ya que
    as she wasn't there, I left a message como no estaba, le dejé un mensaje
    3. como
    Liam, as you know, is a singer Liam, como ya sabéis, es cantante
    as3 prep como / de


    as sustantivo masculino ace
    as sustantivo masculino ace Locuciones: as en la manga, ace up one's sleeve 'as' also found in these entries: Spanish: abandonar - abismo - acabada - acabado - acreditar - actuar - además - adjetivar - alguna - alguno - amabilidad - amable - amarrar - ambas - ambicionar - ambos - amén - andanzas - antes - antojo - apadrinar - apellidarse - apenas - aquel - aquél - aquella - aquélla - arreglarse - arte - artífice - asesorar - así - asimismo - atar - aviar - bailar - balsa - bendita - bendito - bien - bloque - bondad - brevedad - broma - buenamente - burra - burro - cachondeo - cada - calcada English: above - acclaim - accomplished - accused - ace - acknowledge - act - action - address - advance - against - ago - aim - all - along - aloud - apprentice - arson - as - asap - assistant - bat - bell - black - bonus - both - by - by-product - capacity - cast - chalk - change - check off - cheer - class - clear - click - cluster - come on - compare - concern - construe - crop up - crow - dammit - date - dead - deaf - decision - decoy
    as
    tr[æz, ʊnstressed əz]
    1 como
    1 (while) mientras; (when) cuando
    ■ as he painted, he whistled mientras pintaba, silbaba
    2 (because) ya que, como
    3 (although) aunque
    ■ tall as he was, he still couldn't reach the shelf aunque era alto no podía alcanzar el estante
    ■ as I was saying,... como decía,...
    ■ do as you are told! ¡haz lo que te dicen!
    ■ as you all know,... como ya sabéis todos,...
    5 (and so too) como, igual que
    ■ she's colour-blind, as is her mother es daltónica, igual que su madre
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    as against frente a, en comparación con
    as far as hasta
    as far as I know que yo sepa
    as far as I'm concerned por lo que a mí respecta
    as for en cuanto a
    as if como si
    as it is tal como están las cosas
    as it were por así decirlo
    as long as mientras
    as of desde
    as often as not las más de las veces
    as soon as tan pronto como
    as though como si
    as well as además de
    as yet hasta ahora, de momento
    as ['æz] adv
    1) : tan, tanto
    this one's not as difficult: éste no es tan difícil
    2) : como
    some trees, as oak and pine: algunos árboles, como el roble y el pino
    as conj
    1) like: como, igual que
    2) when, while: cuando, mientras, a la vez que
    3) because: porque
    4) though: aunque, por más que
    strange as it may appear: por extraño que parezca
    5)
    as is : tal como está
    as prep
    1) : de
    I met her as a child: la conocí de pequeña
    2) like: como
    behave as a man: compórtate como un hombre
    as pron
    : que
    in the same building as my brother: en el mismo edificio que mi hermano
    as
    adv.
    • a medida que adv.
    • como adv.
    • cual adv.
    • cuan adv.
    • tan adv.
    • ya que adv.
    conj.
    • conforme conj.
    • que conj.
    • según conj.
    prep.
    • por prep.
    pron.
    • cual pron.
    • que pron.

    I æz, weak form əz
    1)
    a) (when, while) cuando

    as she was eating breakfast... — cuando or mientras tomaba el desayuno...

    as you go toward the bank, it's the first house on the left — yendo hacia el banco, es la primera casa a mano izquierda

    b) ( indicating progression) a medida que

    as (and when) we need them — a medida que or según los vamos necesitando

    2) (because, since) como

    as it was getting late, we decided to leave — como se hacía tarde, decidimos irnos

    3) ( though)

    try as he might, he could not open it — por más que trató, no pudo abrirlo

    much as I agree with you... — aun estando de acuerdo contigo como estoy...

    4)
    a) (expressing comparison, contrast) igual que, como

    in the 1980s, as in the 30s — en la década de los 80, al igual que en la de los 30

    it's quite reasonable, as restaurants go — para como están los restaurantes, es bastante razonable

    the situation, as we understand it, is... — la situación, tal como nosotros la entendemos, es...

    5)
    a) ( in the way that) como

    do as you wish — haz lo que quieras or lo que te parezca

    she arrived the next day, as planned/expected — llegó al día siguiente como se había planeado/como se esperaba

    use form A or B as appropriate — use el formulario A o B, según corresponda

    b) ( defining)

    Sri Lanka, or Ceylon, as it used to be known — Sri Lanka, o Ceilán, como se llamaba antes

    as it is: we can't publish it as it is no podemos publicarlo tal y como está, no podemos publicarlo así como está; we've got too much work as it is ya tenemos demasiado trabajo; as it were por así decirlo; as was: our new president, our secretary as was — el nuevo presidente, ex secretario de nuestra organización

    as... as — tan... como

    7)

    as if/as though — como si (+ subj)

    he acts as if o as though he didn't care — se comporta como si no le importara

    he looks as if o as though he's had enough — tiene cara de estar harto


    II
    1) ( equally)

    I have lots of stamps, but he has just as many/twice as many — yo tengo muchos sellos, pero él tiene tantos como yo/el doble (que yo)

    2)

    as... as: these animals grow to as much as 12ft long estos animales llegan a medir 12 pies de largo; as recently as 1976 aún en 1976; as many as 400 people hasta 400 personas; as long ago as 1960 — ya en 1960


    III
    1)
    a) (in the condition, role of)

    as a child she adored dancing — de pequeña or cuando era pequeña le encantaba bailar

    as a teacher... — como maestro...

    b) ( like) como

    as for — en cuanto a, respecto a

    and as for you... — y en cuanto a ti..., y en lo que a ti respecta...

    as of o (BrE) as from — desde, a partir de

    as to — en cuanto a, respecto a

    [æz, ǝz] For set combinations in which as is not the first word, eg such... as, the same... as, dressed as, acknowledge as, look up the other word.
    1. CONJUNCTION
    You can usually use cuando when the as clause simply tells you when an event happened: cuando Alternatively, use [al] + infinitive:

    as the car drew level with us, I realized Isabel was driving — al llegar el coche a nuestra altura or cuando el coche llegó a nuestra altura, me di cuenta de que lo conducía Isabel

    Translate as using mientras for longer actions which are happening at the same time: (=while) mientras

    as we walked, we talked about the future — mientras caminábamos, hablábamos del futuro

    In the context of two closely linked actions involving parallel development, translate [as] using [a medida que] or [conforme]. Alternatively, use [según va] {etc} + gerund:

    as one gets older, life gets more and more difficult — a medida que se envejece or conforme se envejece or según va uno envejeciendo, la vida se hace cada vez más difícil

    as he got older he got deafer — a medida que or conforme envejeció se fue volviendo más sordo, según fue envejeciendo se fue volviendo más sordo

    When as means "since" or "because", you can generally use como, provided you put it at the beginning of the sentence. Alternatively, use the more formal puesto que either at the beginning of the sentence or between the clauses or ya que especially between the clauses. como; more frm puesto que, ya que

    as you're here, I'll tell you — como estás aquí or puesto que estás aquí, te lo diré

    he didn't mention it as he didn't want to worry you — como no quería preocuparte, no lo mencionó, no lo mencionó puesto que no quería preocuparte

    he couldn't come as he had an appointment — no pudo asistir porque or puesto que or ya que tenía un compromiso

    patient as she is, she'll probably put up with it — con lo paciente que es, seguramente lo soportará

    3) (describing way, manner) como

    knowing him as I do, I'm sure he'll refuse — conociéndolo como lo conozco, estoy seguro de que no aceptará

    the village, situated as it is near a motorway,... — el pueblo, situado como está cerca de una autopista,...

    as I've said before... — como he dicho antes...

    as I was saying... — como iba diciendo...

    she is very gifted, as is her brother — tiene mucho talento, al igual que su hermano

    • you'll have it by noon as agreed — lo tendrá antes del mediodía, tal como acordamos

    • it's not bad, as hotels go — no está mal, en comparación con otros hoteles

    • as in all good detective stories — como en toda buena novela policíaca

    • as you know — como sabe

    • Arsenal are playing as never before! — ¡Arsenal está jugando mejor que nunca!

    • as often happens — como suele ocurrir

    • he performed brilliantly, as only he can — actuó de maravilla, como solo él sabe hacerlo

    • as you were! — (Mil) ¡descansen!

    • do as you wish — haga lo que quiera

    4) (=though) aunque

    tired as he was, he went to the party — aunque estaba cansado, asistió a la fiesta

    interesting as the book is, I don't think it will sell very well — el libro es interesante, pero aún así no creo que se venda bien, aunque el libro es interesante, no creo que se venda bien

    try as she would or might, she couldn't lift it — por más que se esforzó no pudo levantarlo

    unlikely as it may seem... — por imposible que parezca...

    as if {or}3} as though como si

    it was as if or as though he were still alive — era como si estuviera todavía vivo

    he looked as if or as though he was ill — parecía como si estuviera enfermo

    it isn't as if or as though he were poor — no es que sea pobre, que digamos

    as if she knew! — ¡como si ella lo supiera!

    as if to

    the little dog nodded his head, as if to agree — el perrito movió la cabeza, como asintiendo

    as in as it is

    as it is, it doesn't make much difference — en realidad, casi da lo mismo

    as it is we can do nothing — en la práctica or tal y como están las cosas no podemos hacer nada

    as it were

    I'd understood the words, but I hadn't understood the question, as it were — había entendido las palabras, pero no había comprendido la pregunta, por así decirlo

    I have become, as it were, two people — me he convertido como en dos personas

    as was

    that's the headmistress, the deputy as was — esa es la directora, que antes era la subdirectora

    2. PREPOSITION
    1) (=while)
    2) (=in the capacity of) como

    I don't think much of him as an actor — como actor, no me gusta mucho

    Gibson as Hamlet — (Theat) Gibson en el papel de Hamlet

    such 3.
    3. ADVERB
    as... as tan... como

    she hit him as hard as she could — lo golpeó lo más fuerte que pudo, lo golpeó tan fuerte como pudo

    she doesn't walk as quickly or as fast as me — no camina tan rápido como yo

    walk as quickly or as fast as you can — camina lo más rápido que puedas

    is it as far as that? — ¿tan lejos está?

    is it as big as all that? — ¿es de verdad tan grande?

    as little as as many... as tantos(-as)... como

    I've got a lot of tapes but I haven't got as many as him or as he has — tengo muchas cintas, pero no tantas como él

    as much

    she thought he was an idiot, and said as much — pensaba que era un idiota, y así lo expresó

    as much... as tanto(-a)... como

    you spend as much as me or as I do — tú gastas tanto como yo

    it can cost as much as $2,000 — puede llegar a costar 2.000 dólares

    as one half/twice/three times as... without as {or}3} so much as as for

    as for the children, they were exhausted — en cuanto a los niños, estaban rendidos, los niños, por su parte, estaban rendidos

    as for that... — en cuanto a esto...

    as from as of

    as of yesterday/now — a partir de ayer/ahora

    as to

    as to that I can't say — en lo que a eso se refiere, no lo sé

    as to her mother... — en cuanto a su madre...

    as yet hasta ahora, hasta el momento; regard 2., 4)
    * * *

    I [æz], weak form [əz]
    1)
    a) (when, while) cuando

    as she was eating breakfast... — cuando or mientras tomaba el desayuno...

    as you go toward the bank, it's the first house on the left — yendo hacia el banco, es la primera casa a mano izquierda

    b) ( indicating progression) a medida que

    as (and when) we need them — a medida que or según los vamos necesitando

    2) (because, since) como

    as it was getting late, we decided to leave — como se hacía tarde, decidimos irnos

    3) ( though)

    try as he might, he could not open it — por más que trató, no pudo abrirlo

    much as I agree with you... — aun estando de acuerdo contigo como estoy...

    4)
    a) (expressing comparison, contrast) igual que, como

    in the 1980s, as in the 30s — en la década de los 80, al igual que en la de los 30

    it's quite reasonable, as restaurants go — para como están los restaurantes, es bastante razonable

    the situation, as we understand it, is... — la situación, tal como nosotros la entendemos, es...

    5)
    a) ( in the way that) como

    do as you wish — haz lo que quieras or lo que te parezca

    she arrived the next day, as planned/expected — llegó al día siguiente como se había planeado/como se esperaba

    use form A or B as appropriate — use el formulario A o B, según corresponda

    b) ( defining)

    Sri Lanka, or Ceylon, as it used to be known — Sri Lanka, o Ceilán, como se llamaba antes

    as it is: we can't publish it as it is no podemos publicarlo tal y como está, no podemos publicarlo así como está; we've got too much work as it is ya tenemos demasiado trabajo; as it were por así decirlo; as was: our new president, our secretary as was — el nuevo presidente, ex secretario de nuestra organización

    as... as — tan... como

    7)

    as if/as though — como si (+ subj)

    he acts as if o as though he didn't care — se comporta como si no le importara

    he looks as if o as though he's had enough — tiene cara de estar harto


    II
    1) ( equally)

    I have lots of stamps, but he has just as many/twice as many — yo tengo muchos sellos, pero él tiene tantos como yo/el doble (que yo)

    2)

    as... as: these animals grow to as much as 12ft long estos animales llegan a medir 12 pies de largo; as recently as 1976 aún en 1976; as many as 400 people hasta 400 personas; as long ago as 1960 — ya en 1960


    III
    1)
    a) (in the condition, role of)

    as a child she adored dancing — de pequeña or cuando era pequeña le encantaba bailar

    as a teacher... — como maestro...

    b) ( like) como

    as for — en cuanto a, respecto a

    and as for you... — y en cuanto a ti..., y en lo que a ti respecta...

    as of o (BrE) as from — desde, a partir de

    as to — en cuanto a, respecto a

    English-spanish dictionary > as

  • 6 great

    1. adjective
    1) (large) groß

    great big — (coll.) riesengroß (ugs.)

    2) (beyond the ordinary) groß; sehr gut [Freund]

    take great care of/a great interest in — sich sehr kümmern um/interessieren für

    3) (important) groß [Tag, Ereignis, Attraktion, Hilfe]; (powerful, able) groß [Person, Komponist, Schriftsteller]; (impressive) großartig

    the great thing is... — die Hauptsache ist...

    Peter the Great — Peter der Große

    be great at something — (skilful) in etwas (Dat.) ganz groß sein (ugs.)

    4) (coll.): (splendid) großartig
    5) (in relationship) Groß[onkel, -tante, -neffe, -nichte]; Ur[großmutter, -großvater, -enkel, -enkelin]
    2. noun
    (person) Größe, die; as pl.

    the great — die Großen [der Geschichte/Literatur usw.]

    the greatest — (coll.) der/die Größte/die Größten (ugs.)

    * * *
    [ɡreit]
    1) (of a better quality than average; important: a great writer; Churchill was a great man.) bedeutend
    2) (very large, larger etc than average: a great crowd of people at the football match.) groß
    3) (of a high degree: Take great care of that book.) besonder
    4) (very pleasant: We had a great time at the party.) großartig
    5) (clever and expert: John's great at football.) sehr gut
    •
    - academic.ru/32313/greatly">greatly
    - greatness
    * * *
    [greɪt]
    I. adj
    1. (very big) groß, riesig
    it gives us \great pleasure to announce the engagement of our daughter es ist uns eine große Freude, die Verlobung unserer Tochter bekanntzugeben
    it is with \great sorrow that I inform you of the death of our director zu meinem tiefsten Bedauern muss ich Ihnen mitteilen, dass unser Direktor verstorben ist
    I feel \great sympathy for you ich fühle von ganzem Herzen mit dir
    a \great amount [or quantity] eine große Menge, sehr viel
    a \great deal of time/money eine Menge [o sehr viel] Zeit/Geld
    to a \great extent im Großen und Ganzen
    a \great joy eine große Freude
    the \great majority of people die überwiegende Mehrheit der Leute
    a \great many [or number of] people sehr viele Menschen
    a \great sadness eine tiefe Traurigkeit
    2. (famous) groß; (important) bedeutend; (outstanding) überragend
    the \greatest boxer/show der größte Boxer/die größte Show
    a \great personality eine überragende Persönlichkeit
    3. (wonderful) großartig, wunderbar
    we had a \great time at the party wir haben uns auf der Party großartig amüsiert
    it's \great to be back home again es ist richtig schön, wieder zu Hause zu sein
    it was \great driving over the mountains es war wunderschön, durch die Berge zu fahren
    \great! ( iron fam) na prima! iron fam, klasse! iron fam, wunderbar! ÖSTERR iron fam, super! SCHWEIZ iron fam
    the \great thing about sth/sb is [that]... das Tolle an etw/jdm ist[, dass]... fam
    the \great thing about my job is the flexitime was mir an meiner Arbeit besonders gefällt, ist die Gleitzeit
    to be a \great one for sth genau der/die Richtige für etw akk sein
    he's a \great one for getting other people to do his work er hat den Bogen raus, wie er andere Leute dazu kriegt, seine Arbeit zu machen fam
    ▪ to be \great at doing sth ( fam) etw sehr gut können
    my sister's \great at playing football meine Schwester spielt klasse Fußball
    4. inv (for emphasis) ausgesprochen
    \great fool Volltrottel m fam
    \great friend guter Freund/gute Freundin
    as children they were \great friends als Kinder waren sie dicke Freunde fam
    5. (very good) hervorragend, toll fam
    she is a \great organizer sie kann hervorragend organisieren
    he is a \great storyteller er ist ein fantastischer Geschichtenerzähler
    to feel \great sich akk großartig fühlen
    to feel not all that \great sich akk gar nicht gut fühlen
    6. (enthusiastic) begeistert
    our kids are \great party-goers unsere Kinder sind begeisterte Partygänger
    7.
    ▶ to be going \great guns ( dated fam) richtig [toll] in Schwung [o in Fahrt] sein fam
    ▶ \great minds think alike[, fools seldom differ] ( prov hum) große Geister denken gleich prov hum, zwei Dumme, ein Gedanke prov hum
    ▶ to be no \great shakes nicht besonders gut sein
    I'm no \great shakes as a cook/at cooking als Koch/im Kochen bin ich nicht gerade ein Meister
    ▶ to be the \greatest thing since sliced bread ( prov fam) genial [o großartig] sein
    ▶ to not be the \greatest thing since sliced bread ( prov fam) nicht gerade das Gelbe vom Ei sein fam
    II. adv inv (extremely) sehr
    \great big riesengroß
    a \great big spider eine dicke, fette Spinne
    a \great long queue [or AM line] eine riesenlange Schlange fam
    III. n (person) Größe f; (in titles)
    Alexander/Catherine the G\great Alexander der Große/Katharina die Große
    the \great and the good die Prominenz
    an all-time \great ein unvergesslicher Star
    to be an all-time \great unerreicht sein
    one of the \greats einer/eine der ganz Großen
    * * *
    [greɪt]
    1. adj (+er)
    1) (in size) groß; (= very large) sehr groß; (= huge) riesig; (in extent) effort, variety, shock, need, success, help etc groß

    at a great pace — in or mit schnellem Tempo

    x is greater/not greater than 10 (Math) —

    a player of great ability — ein sehr or ausgesprochen fähiger Spieler

    a great many, a great number of — sehr viele

    See:
    → also deal
    2) (= important, famous) person, achievement, work, event, city etc groß

    to think great thoughts —

    the great thing is to... — das Wichtigste ist zu...

    3)

    (= strong, enthusiastic) he was a great friend of my father — er war mit meinem Vater sehr gut befreundet

    he's a great one for criticizing others — im Kritisieren anderer ist er (ganz) groß

    to be a great believer in doing sth — grundsätzlich dafür sein, etw zu tun

    4) (inf: terrific) person, idea toll (inf), prima (inf)

    to be great at football/at singing — ein großer Fußballspieler/Sänger sein

    my wife isn't feeling so great —

    Great Scott or Heavens! (dated) — (ach du) großer Gott or lieber Himmel!

    5) (= excellent, outstanding) ausgezeichnet, großartig
    2. interj (inf)
    toll (inf), super (inf)

    if that's what they want to believe, great — wenn sie das glauben wollen, dann sollen sie doch

    3. adv
    1) (inf

    = well) she's doing great (in job) — sie macht sich hervorragend; (healthwise) sie macht große Fortschritte

    2)

    I want to give you a great big kiss —

    4. n
    1) pl
    2) usu pl (= person) Größe f

    one of the all-time greats —

    the golfing/literary greats — die Golfgrößen/literarischen Größen

    * * *
    great [ɡreıt]
    A adj (adv → greatly)
    1. groß, beträchtlich (auch Anzahl), (Nachfrage etc) stark:
    of great popularity sehr beliebt;
    a great many sehr viele, eine große Anzahl;
    the great majority die große oder überwiegende Mehrheit;
    in great detail in allen Einzelheiten
    2. lang (Zeit):
    a great while ago vor langer Zeit
    3. hoch (Alter):
    live to a great age ein hohes Alter erreichen, sehr alt werden
    4. groß:
    a great big lump umg ein Mordsklumpen
    5. groß (Buchstabe):
    6. groß, Groß…:
    7. groß, bedeutend, wichtig (Probleme etc)
    8. groß, wichtigst(er, e, es), Haupt…:
    the great attraction die Hauptattraktion
    9. (geistig) groß, überragend, berühmt, bedeutend:
    a great poet ein großer Dichter;
    a great city eine bedeutende Stadt;
    Frederick the Great Friedrich der Große
    10. (gesellschaftlich) hoch(stehend), groß:
    the great world die vornehme Welt;
    a great family eine vornehme oder berühmte Familie
    11. groß, erhaben (Gedanken etc)
    12. groß, beliebt, oft gebraucht:
    be the great thing at the moment im Moment sehr modern sein
    13. groß (in hohem Maße):
    a great friend of mine ein guter oder enger Freund von mir;
    a great landowner ein Großgrundbesitzer
    14. ausgezeichnet, großartig (Möglichkeit etc):
    it is a great thing to be healthy es ist sehr viel wert, gesund zu sein
    15. (nur präd) umg
    a) groß, gut, sehr geschickt ( alle:
    at, in in dat):
    he is great at chess er spielt sehr gut Schach, er ist ein großer Schachspieler vor dem Herrn;
    he’s great at drinking im Trinken ist er groß
    b) interessiert (on für):
    be great on sth sich für etwas begeistern
    c) sehr bewandert (on in dat)
    16. umg eifrig, begeistert (Leser etc)
    17. umg großartig, herrlich, wunderbar, famos:
    we had a great time wir haben uns großartig amüsiert, es war toll;
    wouldn’t that be great? wäre das nicht herrlich?
    a) Groß…
    b)( vor grand…) Ur…
    B s
    1. the great koll die Großen pl, die Prominenten pl
    2. great and small Groß und Klein, die Großen pl und die Kleinen pl
    C adv umg prima, bestens
    gt abk great
    * * *
    1. adjective
    1) (large) groß

    great big — (coll.) riesengroß (ugs.)

    2) (beyond the ordinary) groß; sehr gut [Freund]

    take great care of/a great interest in — sich sehr kümmern um/interessieren für

    3) (important) groß [Tag, Ereignis, Attraktion, Hilfe]; (powerful, able) groß [Person, Komponist, Schriftsteller]; (impressive) großartig

    the great thing is... — die Hauptsache ist...

    be great at something — (skilful) in etwas (Dat.) ganz groß sein (ugs.)

    4) (coll.): (splendid) großartig
    5) (in relationship) Groß[onkel, -tante, -neffe, -nichte]; Ur[großmutter, -großvater, -enkel, -enkelin]
    2. noun
    (person) Größe, die; as pl.

    the great — die Großen [der Geschichte/Literatur usw.]

    the greatest — (coll.) der/die Größte/die Größten (ugs.)

    * * *
    adj.
    bedeutend adj.
    groß adj.

    English-german dictionary > great

  • 7 near cash

    !
    гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.
    The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:
    "
    consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;
    " "
    the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;
    " "
    strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and
    "
    the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.
    The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:
    "
    the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and
    "
    the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.
    Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.
    Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)
    "
    Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and
    "
    Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.
    More information about DEL and AME is set out below.
    In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.
    Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.
    Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.
    There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.
    AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.
    AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.
    AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.
    Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.
    Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.
    Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets.
    "
    Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest.
    "
    Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:
    "
    Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and
    "
    The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.
    The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.
    The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.
    Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.
    The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:
    "
    provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;
    " "
    enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;
    " "
    introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and
    "
    not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.
    To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.
    A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:
    "
    an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;
    " "
    an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;
    " "
    to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with
    "
    further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.
    The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.
    Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.
    The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.
    Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.
    To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.
    This document was updated on 19 December 2005.
    Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    "
    GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money
    "
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.
    ————————————————————————————————————————

    Англо-русский экономический словарь > near cash

  • 8 rise

    1. past tense - rose; verb
    1) (to become greater, larger, higher etc; to increase: Food prices are still rising; His temperature rose; If the river rises much more, there will be a flood; Her voice rose to a scream; Bread rises when it is baked; His spirits rose at the good news.) stige; hæve
    2) (to move upwards: Smoke was rising from the chimney; The birds rose into the air; The curtain rose to reveal an empty stage.) stige op; gå op; hæve sig
    3) (to get up from bed: He rises every morning at six o'clock.) stå op
    4) (to stand up: The children all rose when the headmaster came in.) rejse sig
    5) ((of the sun etc) to appear above the horizon: The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.) stige op
    6) (to slope upwards: Hills rose in the distance; The ground rises at this point.) hæve sig
    7) (to rebel: The people rose (up) in revolt against the dictator.) gøre oprør
    8) (to move to a higher rank, a more important position etc: He rose to the rank of colonel.) blive forfremmet
    9) ((of a river) to begin or appear: The Rhône rises in the Alps.) have sit udspring
    10) ((of wind) to begin; to become stronger: Don't go out in the boat - the wind has risen.) blive stærkere
    11) (to be built: Office blocks are rising all over the town.) rejse sig; skyde op
    12) (to come back to life: Jesus has risen.) genopstå
    2. noun
    1) ((the) act of rising: He had a rapid rise to fame; a rise in prices.) stigning
    2) (an increase in salary or wages: She asked her boss for a rise.) lønforhøjelse
    3) (a slope or hill: The house is just beyond the next rise.) stigning
    4) (the beginning and early development of something: the rise of the Roman Empire.) opståen
    •
    3. adjective
    the rising sun; rising prices; the rising generation; a rising young politician.) stigende; opstigende; opvoksende; lovende
    - late riser
    - give rise to
    - rise to the occasion
    * * *
    1. past tense - rose; verb
    1) (to become greater, larger, higher etc; to increase: Food prices are still rising; His temperature rose; If the river rises much more, there will be a flood; Her voice rose to a scream; Bread rises when it is baked; His spirits rose at the good news.) stige; hæve
    2) (to move upwards: Smoke was rising from the chimney; The birds rose into the air; The curtain rose to reveal an empty stage.) stige op; gå op; hæve sig
    3) (to get up from bed: He rises every morning at six o'clock.) stå op
    4) (to stand up: The children all rose when the headmaster came in.) rejse sig
    5) ((of the sun etc) to appear above the horizon: The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.) stige op
    6) (to slope upwards: Hills rose in the distance; The ground rises at this point.) hæve sig
    7) (to rebel: The people rose (up) in revolt against the dictator.) gøre oprør
    8) (to move to a higher rank, a more important position etc: He rose to the rank of colonel.) blive forfremmet
    9) ((of a river) to begin or appear: The Rhône rises in the Alps.) have sit udspring
    10) ((of wind) to begin; to become stronger: Don't go out in the boat - the wind has risen.) blive stærkere
    11) (to be built: Office blocks are rising all over the town.) rejse sig; skyde op
    12) (to come back to life: Jesus has risen.) genopstå
    2. noun
    1) ((the) act of rising: He had a rapid rise to fame; a rise in prices.) stigning
    2) (an increase in salary or wages: She asked her boss for a rise.) lønforhøjelse
    3) (a slope or hill: The house is just beyond the next rise.) stigning
    4) (the beginning and early development of something: the rise of the Roman Empire.) opståen
    •
    3. adjective
    the rising sun; rising prices; the rising generation; a rising young politician.) stigende; opstigende; opvoksende; lovende
    - late riser
    - give rise to
    - rise to the occasion

    English-Danish dictionary > rise

  • 9 Empire, Portuguese overseas

    (1415-1975)
       Portugal was the first Western European state to establish an early modern overseas empire beyond the Mediterranean and perhaps the last colonial power to decolonize. A vast subject of complexity that is full of myth as well as debatable theories, the history of the Portuguese overseas empire involves the story of more than one empire, the question of imperial motives, the nature of Portuguese rule, and the results and consequences of empire, including the impact on subject peoples as well as on the mother country and its society, Here, only the briefest account of a few such issues can be attempted.
       There were various empires or phases of empire after the capture of the Moroccan city of Ceuta in 1415. There were at least three Portuguese empires in history: the First empire (1415-1580), the Second empire (1580-1640 and 1640-1822), and the Third empire (1822-1975).
       With regard to the second empire, the so-called Phillipine period (1580-1640), when Portugal's empire was under Spanish domination, could almost be counted as a separate era. During that period, Portugal lost important parts of its Asian holdings to England and also sections of its colonies of Brazil, Angola, and West Africa to Holland's conquests. These various empires could be characterized by the geography of where Lisbon invested its greatest efforts and resources to develop territories and ward off enemies.
       The first empire (1415-1580) had two phases. First came the African coastal phase (1415-97), when the Portuguese sought a foothold in various Moroccan cities but then explored the African coast from Morocco to past the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa. While colonization and sugar farming were pursued in the Atlantic islands, as well as in the islands in the Gulf of Guinea like São Tomé and Príncipe, for the most part the Portuguese strategy was to avoid commitments to defending or peopling lands on the African continent. Rather, Lisbon sought a seaborne trade empire, in which the Portuguese could profit from exploiting trade and resources (such as gold) along the coasts and continue exploring southward to seek a sea route to Portuguese India. The second phase of the first empire (1498-1580) began with the discovery of the sea route to Asia, thanks to Vasco da Gama's first voyage in 1497-99, and the capture of strong points, ports, and trading posts in order to enforce a trade monopoly between Asia and Europe. This Asian phase produced the greatest revenues of empire Portugal had garnered, yet ended when Spain conquered Portugal and commanded her empire as of 1580.
       Portugal's second overseas empire began with Spanish domination and ran to 1822, when Brazil won her independence from Portugal. This phase was characterized largely by Brazilian dominance of imperial commitment, wealth in minerals and other raw materials from Brazil, and the loss of a significant portion of her African and Asian coastal empire to Holland and Great Britain. A sketch of Portugal's imperial losses either to native rebellions or to imperial rivals like Britain and Holland follows:
       • Morocco (North Africa) (sample only)
       Arzila—Taken in 1471; evacuated in 1550s; lost to Spain in 1580, which returned city to a sultan.
       Ceuta—Taken in 1415; lost to Spain in 1640 (loss confirmed in 1668 treaty with Spain).
       • Tangiers—Taken in 15th century; handed over to England in 1661 as part of Catherine of Braganza's dowry to King Charles II.
       • West Africa
       • Fort/Castle of São Jorge da Mina, Gold Coast (in what is now Ghana)—Taken in 1480s; lost to Holland in 1630s.
       • Middle East
       Socotra-isle—Conquered in 1507; fort abandoned in 1511; used as water resupply stop for India fleet.
       Muscat—Conquered in 1501; lost to Persians in 1650.
       Ormuz—Taken, 1505-15 under Albuquerque; lost to England, which gave it to Persia in the 17th century.
       Aden (entry to Red Sea) — Unsuccessfully attacked by Portugal (1513-30); taken by Turks in 1538.
       • India
       • Ceylon (Sri Lanka)—Taken by 1516; lost to Dutch after 1600.
       • Bombay—Taken in 16th century; given to England in 1661 treaty as part of Catherine of Braganza's dowry for Charles II.
       • East Indies
       • Moluccas—Taken by 1520; possession confirmed in 1529 Saragossa treaty with Spain; lost to Dutch after 1600; only East Timor remaining.
       After the restoration of Portuguese independence from Spain in 1640, Portugal proceeded to revive and strengthen the Anglo- Portuguese Alliance, with international aid to fight off further Spanish threats to Portugal and drive the Dutch invaders out of Brazil and Angola. While Portugal lost its foothold in West Africa at Mina to the Dutch, dominion in Angola was consolidated. The most vital part of the imperial economy was a triangular trade: slaves from West Africa and from the coasts of Congo and Angola were shipped to plantations in Brazil; raw materials (sugar, tobacco, gold, diamonds, dyes) were sent to Lisbon; Lisbon shipped Brazil colonists and hardware. Part of Portugal's War of Restoration against Spain (1640-68) and its reclaiming of Brazil and Angola from Dutch intrusions was financed by the New Christians (Jews converted to Christianity after the 1496 Manueline order of expulsion of Jews) who lived in Portugal, Holland and other low countries, France, and Brazil. If the first empire was mainly an African coastal and Asian empire, the second empire was primarily a Brazilian empire.
       Portugal's third overseas empire began upon the traumatic independence of Brazil, the keystone of the Lusitanian enterprise, in 1822. The loss of Brazil greatly weakened Portugal both as a European power and as an imperial state, for the scattered remainder of largely coastal, poor, and uncolonized territories that stretched from the bulge of West Africa to East Timor in the East Indies and Macau in south China were more of a financial liability than an asset. Only two small territories balanced their budgets occasionally or made profits: the cocoa islands of São Tomé and Príncipe in the Gulf of Guinea and tiny Macau, which lost much of its advantage as an entrepot between the West and the East when the British annexed neighboring Hong Kong in 1842. The others were largely burdens on the treasury. The African colonies were strapped by a chronic economic problem: at a time when the slave trade and then slavery were being abolished under pressures from Britain and other Western powers, the economies of Guinea- Bissau, São Tomé/Príncipe, Angola, and Mozambique were totally dependent on revenues from the slave trade and slavery. During the course of the 19th century, Lisbon began a program to reform colonial administration in a newly rejuvenated African empire, where most of the imperial efforts were expended, by means of replacing the slave trade and slavery, with legitimate economic activities.
       Portugal participated in its own early version of the "Scramble" for Africa's interior during 1850-69, but discovered that the costs of imperial expansion were too high to allow effective occupation of the hinterlands. After 1875, Portugal participated in the international "Scramble for Africa" and consolidated its holdings in west and southern Africa, despite the failure of the contra-costa (to the opposite coast) plan, which sought to link up the interiors of Angola and Mozambique with a corridor in central Africa. Portugal's expansion into what is now Malawi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe (eastern section) in 1885-90 was thwarted by its oldest ally, Britain, under pressure from interest groups in South Africa, Scotland, and England. All things considered, Portugal's colonizing resources and energies were overwhelmed by the African empire it possessed after the frontier-marking treaties of 1891-1906. Lisbon could barely administer the massive area of five African colonies, whose total area comprised about 8 percent of the area of the colossal continent. The African territories alone were many times the size of tiny Portugal and, as of 1914, Portugal was the third colonial power in terms of size of area possessed in the world.
       The politics of Portugal's empire were deceptive. Lisbon remained obsessed with the fear that rival colonial powers, especially Germany and Britain, would undermine and then dismantle her African empire. This fear endured well into World War II. In developing and keeping her potentially rich African territories (especially mineral-rich Angola and strategically located Mozambique), however, the race against time was with herself and her subject peoples. Two major problems, both chronic, prevented Portugal from effective colonization (i.e., settling) and development of her African empire: the economic weakness and underdevelopment of the mother country and the fact that the bulk of Portuguese emigration after 1822 went to Brazil, Venezuela, the United States, and France, not to the colonies. These factors made it difficult to consolidate imperial control until it was too late; that is, until local African nationalist movements had organized and taken the field in insurgency wars that began in three of the colonies during the years 1961-64.
       Portugal's belated effort to revitalize control and to develop, in the truest sense of the word, Angola and Mozambique after 1961 had to be set against contemporary events in Europe, Africa, and Asia. While Portugal held on to a backward empire, other European countries like Britain, France, and Belgium were rapidly decolonizing their empires. Portugal's failure or unwillingness to divert the large streams of emigrants to her empire after 1850 remained a constant factor in this question. Prophetic were the words of the 19th-century economist Joaquim Oliveira Martins, who wrote in 1880 that Brazil was a better colony for Portugal than Africa and that the best colony of all would have been Portugal itself. As of the day of the Revolution of 25 April 1974, which sparked the final process of decolonization of the remainder of Portugal's third overseas empire, the results of the colonization program could be seen to be modest compared to the numbers of Portuguese emigrants outside the empire. Moreover, within a year, of some 600,000 Portuguese residing permanently in Angola and Mozambique, all but a few thousand had fled to South Africa or returned to Portugal.
       In 1974 and 1975, most of the Portuguese empire was decolonized or, in the case of East Timor, invaded and annexed by a foreign power before it could consolidate its independence. Only historic Macau, scheduled for transfer to the People's Republic of China in 1999, remained nominally under Portuguese control as a kind of footnote to imperial history. If Portugal now lacked a conventional overseas empire and was occupied with the challenges of integration in the European Union (EU), Lisbon retained another sort of informal dependency that was a new kind of empire: the empire of her scattered overseas Portuguese communities from North America to South America. Their numbers were at least six times greater than that of the last settlers of the third empire.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Empire, Portuguese overseas

  • 10 making

    noun
    1) (production) Herstellung, die

    in the making — im Entstehen; im Werden

    be the making of victory/somebody's career/somebody's future — zum Sieg/zu jemandes Karriere führen/jemandes Zukunft sichern

    2) in pl. (qualities) Anlagen; Voraussetzungen

    have the makings of a leader — über Führerqualitäten verfügen; das Zeug zum Führer haben (ugs.)

    * * *
    noun (the process of producing or forming something: glassmaking; ( also adjective) the road-making industry.) die Fabrikation; -herstellend
    * * *
    mak·ing
    [ˈmeɪkɪŋ]
    n
    1. no pl (production) Herstellung f
    the \making of the cake will take a good hour den Kuchen zu machen dauert eine gute Stunde
    her problems with that child are of her own \making ihre Probleme mit diesem Kind hat sie selbst verschuldet
    to be in the \making im Entstehen sein
    the book was several years in the \making es dauerte mehrere Jahre, das Buch zu schreiben
    2. no pl (development)
    five years in the army will be the \making of him! fünf Jahre in der Armee werden ihn zum Mann machen
    he was obviously a chef in the \making es war klar, dass er später ein Koch werden würde; (success)
    it was the \making of her das hat sie zu dem gemacht, was sie [heute] ist
    to be an engineer in the \making ein angehender Ingenieur/eine angehende Ingenieurin sein
    3. (qualities/ingredients)
    ▪ \makings pl Anlagen pl
    she has the \makings of a great violinist sie hat das Zeug zu einer großartigen Geigerin
    the plan has all the \makings of a disaster in diesem Plan ist das Scheitern schon vorprogrammiert
    4. ( fam: earnings)
    ▪ \makings pl Gewinne pl
    * * *
    ['meIkɪŋ]
    n
    1) (= production) Herstellung f; (of food) Zubereitung f

    in the making — im Werden, im Entstehen

    here you can see history in the making — hier hat man den Finger am Puls der Geschichte (liter)

    a star/dictator in the making — ein werdender Star/Diktator

    it's a civil war/a disaster in the making — es bahnt sich ein Bürgerkrieg/eine Katastrophe an

    many of her problems are of her own making — an vielen ihrer Probleme ist sie selbst schuld

    2) pl Voraussetzungen pl (of zu)

    he has the makings of an actor/a general etc — er hat das Zeug zu einem Schauspieler/General etc

    * * *
    making [ˈmeıkıŋ] s
    1. Machen n, Schaffen n:
    this is of my own making das habe ich selbst gemacht, das ist mein eigenes Werk
    2. Erzeugung f, Herstellung f, Fabrikation f:
    making order spezifizierter Fertigungsauftrag;
    a) im Werden oder im Kommen oder in der Entwicklung sein,
    b) noch nicht fertig oder noch in Arbeit sein
    3. Produkt n (eines Arbeitsgangs):
    a making of bread ein Schub m Brot
    4. a) Zusammensetzung f
    b) Verfassung f
    c) Bau(art) m(f), Aufbau m
    d) Aufmachung f
    5. Glück n, Chance f:
    this will be the making of him damit ist er ein gemachter Mann;
    misfortune was the making of him sein Unglück machte ihn groß
    6. meist pl Anlagen pl, Zeug n umg:
    he has the makings of er hat das Zeug oder die Anlagen zu
    7. pl
    a) (Roh)Material n (auch fig)
    b) umg (die) nötigen Zutaten pl
    8. pl Profit m, Verdienst m
    9. pl Bergbau: Kohlengrus m
    * * *
    noun
    1) (production) Herstellung, die

    in the making — im Entstehen; im Werden

    be the making of victory/somebody's career/somebody's future — zum Sieg/zu jemandes Karriere führen/jemandes Zukunft sichern

    2) in pl. (qualities) Anlagen; Voraussetzungen

    have the makings of a leader — über Führerqualitäten verfügen; das Zeug zum Führer haben (ugs.)

    * * *
    n.
    Herstellung f.

    English-german dictionary > making

  • 11 rise

    1. noun
    1) (going up) (of sun etc.) Aufgang, der; (Theatre): (of curtain) Aufgehen, das; (advancement) Aufstieg, der
    2) (emergence) Aufkommen, das
    3) (increase) (in value, price, cost) Steigerung, die; (St. Exch.): (in shares) Hausse, die; (in population, temperature) Zunahme, die
    4) (Brit.)

    [pay] rise — (in wages) Lohnerhöhung, die; (in salary) Gehaltserhöhung, die

    5) (hill) Anhöhe, die; Erhebung, die
    6) (origin) Ursprung, der

    give rise to — führen zu; [Ereignis:] Anlass geben zu [Spekulation]

    7)

    get or take a rise out of somebody — (fig.): (make fun of) sich über jemanden lustig machen

    2. intransitive verb,
    1) (go up) aufsteigen

    rise [up] into the air — [Rauch:] aufsteigen, in die Höhe steigen; [Ballon, Vogel, Flugzeug:] sich in die Luft erheben

    2) (come up) [Sonne, Mond:] aufgehen; [Blase:] aufsteigen
    3) (reach higher level) steigen; [Stimme:] höher werden
    4) (extend upward) aufragen; sich erheben; [Weg, Straße:] ansteigen

    rise to 2,000 metres — [Berg:] 2 000 m hoch aufragen

    5) (advance) [Person:] aufsteigen, aufrücken

    rise in the world — voran- od. weiterkommen

    6) (increase) steigen; [Stimme:] lauter werden; [Wind, Sturm:] auffrischen, stärker werden
    7) (Cookery) [Teig, Kuchen:] aufgehen
    8) [Stimmung, Moral:] steigen
    9) (come to surface) [Fisch:] steigen

    rise to the bait — (fig.) sich ködern lassen (ugs.)

    10) (Theatre) [Vorhang:] aufgehen, sich heben
    11) (rebel, cease to be quiet) [Person:] aufbegehren (geh.), sich erheben
    12) (get up)

    rise [to one's feet] — aufstehen

    rise on its hind legs — [Pferd:] steigen

    13) (adjourn) [Parlament:] in die Ferien gehen, die Sitzungsperiode beenden; (end a session) die Sitzung beenden
    14) (come to life again) auferstehen
    15) (have origin) [Fluss:] entspringen
    Phrasal Verbs:
    - academic.ru/109581/rise_to">rise to
    * * *
    1. past tense - rose; verb
    1) (to become greater, larger, higher etc; to increase: Food prices are still rising; His temperature rose; If the river rises much more, there will be a flood; Her voice rose to a scream; Bread rises when it is baked; His spirits rose at the good news.) steigen
    2) (to move upwards: Smoke was rising from the chimney; The birds rose into the air; The curtain rose to reveal an empty stage.) hochsteigen
    3) (to get up from bed: He rises every morning at six o'clock.) aufstehen
    4) (to stand up: The children all rose when the headmaster came in.) aufstehen
    5) ((of the sun etc) to appear above the horizon: The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.) aufgehen
    6) (to slope upwards: Hills rose in the distance; The ground rises at this point.) aussteigen
    7) (to rebel: The people rose (up) in revolt against the dictator.) sich erheben
    8) (to move to a higher rank, a more important position etc: He rose to the rank of colonel.) aufsteigen
    9) ((of a river) to begin or appear: The Rhône rises in the Alps.) entstehen
    10) ((of wind) to begin; to become stronger: Don't go out in the boat - the wind has risen.) aufkommen
    11) (to be built: Office blocks are rising all over the town.) entstehen
    12) (to come back to life: Jesus has risen.) auferstehen
    2. noun
    1) ((the) act of rising: He had a rapid rise to fame; a rise in prices.) das Steigen
    2) (an increase in salary or wages: She asked her boss for a rise.) die Erhöhung
    3) (a slope or hill: The house is just beyond the next rise.) die Steigung
    4) (the beginning and early development of something: the rise of the Roman Empire.) der Aufstieg
    •
    3. adjective
    the rising sun; rising prices; the rising generation; a rising young politician.) steigend
    - early
    - late riser
    - give rise to
    - rise to the occasion
    * * *
    [raɪz]
    I. n
    1. (upward movement) of theatre curtain Hochgehen nt kein pl, Heben nt kein pl; of the sun Aufgehen nt kein pl
    2. (in fishing) Steigen nt kein pl
    3. MUS of a pitch, sound Erhöhung f
    4. (in society) Aufstieg m
    \rise to power Aufstieg m an die Macht
    meteoric \rise kometenhafter Aufstieg
    5. (hill) Anhöhe f, Erhebung f; (in a road) [Straßen]kuppe f
    6. (height) of an arch, incline, step Höhe f; (in trousers) Schritt m
    7. (increase) Anstieg m kein pl, Steigen nt kein pl
    the team's winning streak has triggered a \rise in attendance die Erfolgsserie der Mannschaft hat die Zuschauerzahlen ansteigen lassen
    [pay] \rise BRIT Gehaltserhöhung f, Lohnerhöhung f
    temperature \rise Temperaturanstieg m
    \rise in costs Kostenanstieg m
    \rise in interest rates Zinsanstieg m
    \rise in volume COMM Umsatzzunahme f
    to be on the \rise im Steigen begriffen sein
    inflation is on the \rise die Inflation steigt
    8. (origin) of a brook Ursprung m
    the river Cam has its \rise in a place called Ashwell der Fluss Cam entspringt an einem Ort namens Ashwell
    9.
    ▶ to get [or take] a \rise out of sb ( fam) jdn [total] auf die Palme bringen fam
    ▶ to give \rise to sth etw verursachen, Anlass zu etw akk geben
    to give \rise to a question eine Frage aufwerfen
    II. vi
    <rose, risen>
    1. (ascend) steigen; curtain aufgehen, hochgehen
    the curtain is rising der Vorhang geht auf [o hebt sich
    2. (become visible) moon, sun aufgehen
    3. (move towards water surface) fish an die Oberfläche kommen
    5. (improve position) aufsteigen
    to \rise to fame berühmt werden
    to \rise in the hierarchy in der Hierarchie aufsteigen
    to \rise in the ranks im Rang steigen
    to \rise through the ranks befördert werden
    to \rise in sb's esteem in jds Ansehen steigen
    6. (from a chair) sich akk erheben; LAW
    all \rise bitte erheben Sie sich
    7. (get out of bed) aufstehen
    8. esp BRIT ( form: adjourn) enden, schließen
    the meeting rose at 6p.m. die Besprechung endete um 18.00 Uhr
    9. (be reborn) auferstehen
    to \rise from the dead von den Toten auferstehen
    to \rise again wiederauferstehen
    10. (blow) wind aufkommen
    they noticed that the wind was rising sie bemerkten, dass der Wind stärker wurde
    11. (originate) river entspringen
    12. (rebel) sich akk auflehnen
    ▪ to \rise against sb/sth sich akk gegen jdn/etw auflehnen
    13. (incline upwards) ground ansteigen
    14. (be higher than surroundings) sich akk erheben
    the mountains \rise above the woods die Berge ragen über den Wäldern empor
    15. (stand on end) hair zu Berge stehen
    his hair rose ihm standen die Haare zu Berge
    we were impressed by the skyscrapers rising above the plain wir waren beeindruckt von den Wolkenkratzern, die sich über der Ebene erhoben
    17. FOOD yeast, dough aufgehen
    18. (appear) blister, bump, weal sich akk bilden
    19. (get nauseated) stomach sich akk umdrehen [o heben
    20. (increase) [an]steigen; (in height) river, sea steigen
    house prices have \risen sharply die Immobilienpreise sind stark gestiegen
    21. of emotion sich akk erhitzen
    tempers were rising at the meeting die Gemüter erhitzten sich auf der Besprechung
    he felt panic \rise in him er fühlte Panik in sich aufsteigen
    22. (become louder) voice lauter werden, sich akk erheben
    murmurs of disapproval rose from the crowd die Menge ließ ein missbilligendes Gemurmel hören
    23. mood, spirit steigen
    my spirits \rise whenever I think of my next holiday immer wenn ich an meinen nächsten Urlaub denke, steigt meine Laune
    24. barometer, thermometer steigen
    25.
    ▶ to \rise to the bait anbeißen
    they offered a good salary, but I didn't \rise to the bait sie boten mir ein gutes Gehalt an, aber ich habe mich nicht ködern lassen
    ▶ \rise and shine! aufstehen!, los, raus aus den Federn!
    * * *
    [raɪz] vb: pret rose, ptp risen
    1. n
    1) (= increase) (in sth etw gen) (in temperature, pressure, of tide, river) Anstieg m, Steigen nt no pl; (in number) Zunahme f; (in prices, bank rate) Steigerung f, Anstieg m; (ST EX) Aufschwung m
    2) (= upward movement of theatre curtain) Hochgehen nt, Heben nt; (of sun) Aufgehen nt; (MUS in pitch) Erhöhung f (
    in +gen (fig, to fame, power etc) Aufstieg m (to zu)

    the rise of the working classes —

    3) (= small hill) Erhebung f; (= slope) Steigung f
    4) (= origin of river) Ursprung m

    to give rise to sth — etw verursachen; to questions etw aufwerfen; to complaints Anlass zu etw geben; to speculation zu etw führen; to hopes, fears etw aufkommen lassen

    2. vi
    1) (= get up) (from sitting, lying) aufstehen, sich erheben (geh), um zu gehen

    to rise from the table to rise in the saddle — vom Tisch aufstehen, sich vom Tisch erheben (geh) sich im Sattel heben

    he rose from his sickbed to go and see her — er verließ sein Krankenlager, um sie zu sehen

    rise and shine! (inf) — raus aus den Federn! (inf)

    2) (= go up) steigen; (smoke, mist etc) (auf)steigen, emporsteigen; (prices, temperature, pressure etc) (an)steigen (to auf +acc); (balloon, aircraft, bird) (auf)steigen, sich heben (geh); (lift) hochfahren, nach oben fahren; (theatre curtain) hochgehen, sich heben; (sun, moon, bread, dough) aufgehen; (wind, storm) aufkommen, sich erheben; (voice, in volume) sich erheben; (in pitch) höher werden; (swimmer, fish) hochkommen; (new buildings) entstehen; (fig, hopes) steigen; (anger) wachsen, zunehmen; (stomach) sich heben

    he won't rise to any of your taunts —

    I can't rise to £100 — ich kann nicht bis £ 100 gehen

    his voice rose to screaming pitch — seine Stimme wurde kreischend or schrill

    3) (ground) ansteigen; (mountains, hills, castle) sich erheben

    the mountain rises to 5,000 feet —

    where the hills rise against the sky — wo sich die Berge gegen den Himmel abheben

    4) (fig

    in society, rank) to rise in the world — es zu etwas bringen

    to rise from nothing — sich aus dem Nichts empor- or hocharbeiten

    he rose to be President/a captain — er stieg zum Präsidenten/Kapitän auf

    See:
    → rank
    5) (= adjourn assembly) auseinandergehen; (meeting) beendet sein
    6) (= originate river) entspringen
    7) (= revolt people) sich empören, sich erheben; (= rebel one's soul etc) sich empören

    to rise (up) in anger (at sth) (people) — sich (gegen etw) empören; (soul, inner being etc) sich (gegen etw) auflehnen/zornig empören

    * * *
    rise [raız]
    A v/i prät rose [rəʊz], pperf risen [ˈrızn]
    1. sich erheben, aufstehen ( from von):
    rise and shine! umg raus aus den Federn!
    2. a) aufbrechen
    b) die Sitzung schließen, sich vertagen
    3. auf-, hoch-, emporsteigen (Vogel, Rauch, Geruch etc; auch fig Gedanke, Zorn etc):
    the curtain rises THEAT der Vorhang geht hoch;
    a) die Röte stieg ihr ins Gesicht,
    b) ihre Wangen röteten sich (an der Luft etc);
    a) an die Oberfläche kommen (Fisch etc), auftauchen (U-Boot),
    b) fig ans Tageslicht oder zum Vorschein kommen;
    his hair rose die Haare standen ihm zu Berge oder sträubten sich ihm;
    land rises to view SCHIFF Land kommt in Sicht;
    the spirits rose die Stimmung hob sich;
    the word rose to her lips das Wort kam ihr auf die Lippen
    4. REL (von den Toten) auferstehen
    5. emporsteigen, dämmern (Morgen)
    6. ASTRON aufgehen (Sonne etc)
    7. ansteigen, bergan gehen (Weg etc)
    8. (an)steigen (by um) (Fieber, Fluss, Preise etc):
    the barometer ( oder glass) has risen das Barometer ist gestiegen;
    rise in sb’s esteem in jemandes Achtung steigen
    9. sich erheben, emporragen:
    the tower rises to a height of 80 yards der Turm erreicht eine Höhe von 80 Yards
    10. steigen, sich bäumen (Pferd):
    rise to a fence zum Sprung über ein Hindernis ansetzen
    11. aufgehen (Saat, auch Hefeteig)
    12. sich bilden (on auf dat) (Blasen etc)
    13. sich erheben, aufkommen (Wind, Sturm, Unruhe, Streit etc)
    14. auch rise in rebellion sich erheben, revoltieren, aufstehen:
    my stomach rises against this mein Magen sträubt sich dagegen, a. fig es ekelt mich an; → arm2 Bes Redew
    15. entstehen, -springen:
    the river rises from a spring in the mountains der Fluss entspringt aus einer Bergquelle;
    their argument rose from ( oder out of) a misunderstanding ihr Streit entsprang (aus) einem Missverständnis
    16. fig sich erheben:
    a) erhaben sein ( above über akk): → crowd1 A 2
    b) sich emporschwingen (Geist):
    rise above mediocrity über das Mittelmaß hinausragen; → occasion A 4
    rise to a higher rank aufsteigen, befördert werden;
    rise in the world vorwärtskommen, es zu etwas bringen
    18. (an)wachsen, sich steigern:
    the wind rose der Wind nahm zu;
    his courage rose sein Mut wuchs
    19. MUS etc (an)steigen, anschwellen (Ton), lauter werden (Stimme)
    B v/t
    a) aufsteigen lassen, einen Fisch an die Oberfläche bringen
    b) aufsteigen sehen, auch SCHIFF ein Schiff sichten
    C s
    1. (Auf-, Hoch)Steigen n, Aufstieg m, THEAT Hochgehen n (des Vorhangs)
    2. ASTRON (Sonnen- etc) Aufgang m
    3. REL Auferstehung f (von den Toten)
    4. a) Auftauchen n
    b) Steigen n (des Fisches), Schnappen n (nach dem Köder):
    a) jemanden auf den Arm nehmen umg,
    b) jemanden auf die Palme bringen umg
    5. fig Aufstieg m:
    his rise to fame sein Aufstieg zum Ruhm;
    a young artist on the rise ein aufstrebender junger Künstler
    6. (An)Steigen n:
    a) Anschwellen n (eines Flusses, eines Tons etc)
    b) Anstieg m, Erhöhung f, Zunahme f:
    the rise in temperature der Temperaturanstieg;
    rise of (the) tide SCHIFF Tidenhub m;
    rise and fall Steigen und Fallen
    c) allg (An)Wachsen n, Steigerung f
    7. WIRTSCH
    a) (An)Steigen n, Anziehen n:
    rise in prices Preisanstieg m
    b) Börse: Aufschwung m, Hausse f
    c) besonders Br Aufbesserung f, Lohn-, Gehaltserhöhung f:
    on the rise im Steigen begriffen (Preise, Kurse);
    rise (of value) Wertsteigerung f;
    speculate for a rise auf Hausse oder à la hausse spekulieren; → operate A 4 a
    8. Zuwachs m, Zunahme f:
    rise in population Bevölkerungszuwachs, -zunahme
    9. Ursprung m (einer Quelle oder fig), Entstehung f:
    take ( oder have) its rise entspringen, entstehen, seinen Ursprung nehmen
    10. fig Anlass m, Ursache f:
    a) verursachen, hervorrufen, führen zu,
    b) einen Verdacht etc aufkommen lassen, Anlass geben zu, erregen
    11. a) Steigung f (eines Geländes)
    b) Anhöhe f, Erhebung f
    12. Höhe f (eines Turmes etc)
    * * *
    1. noun
    1) (going up) (of sun etc.) Aufgang, der; (Theatre): (of curtain) Aufgehen, das; (advancement) Aufstieg, der
    2) (emergence) Aufkommen, das
    3) (increase) (in value, price, cost) Steigerung, die; (St. Exch.): (in shares) Hausse, die; (in population, temperature) Zunahme, die
    4) (Brit.)

    [pay] rise — (in wages) Lohnerhöhung, die; (in salary) Gehaltserhöhung, die

    5) (hill) Anhöhe, die; Erhebung, die
    6) (origin) Ursprung, der

    give rise to — führen zu; [Ereignis:] Anlass geben zu [Spekulation]

    7)

    get or take a rise out of somebody — (fig.): (make fun of) sich über jemanden lustig machen

    2. intransitive verb,
    1) (go up) aufsteigen

    rise [up] into the air — [Rauch:] aufsteigen, in die Höhe steigen; [Ballon, Vogel, Flugzeug:] sich in die Luft erheben

    2) (come up) [Sonne, Mond:] aufgehen; [Blase:] aufsteigen
    3) (reach higher level) steigen; [Stimme:] höher werden
    4) (extend upward) aufragen; sich erheben; [Weg, Straße:] ansteigen

    rise to 2,000 metres — [Berg:] 2 000 m hoch aufragen

    5) (advance) [Person:] aufsteigen, aufrücken

    rise in the world — voran- od. weiterkommen

    6) (increase) steigen; [Stimme:] lauter werden; [Wind, Sturm:] auffrischen, stärker werden
    7) (Cookery) [Teig, Kuchen:] aufgehen
    8) [Stimmung, Moral:] steigen
    9) (come to surface) [Fisch:] steigen

    rise to the bait — (fig.) sich ködern lassen (ugs.)

    10) (Theatre) [Vorhang:] aufgehen, sich heben
    11) (rebel, cease to be quiet) [Person:] aufbegehren (geh.), sich erheben

    rise [to one's feet] — aufstehen

    rise on its hind legs — [Pferd:] steigen

    13) (adjourn) [Parlament:] in die Ferien gehen, die Sitzungsperiode beenden; (end a session) die Sitzung beenden
    14) (come to life again) auferstehen
    15) (have origin) [Fluss:] entspringen
    Phrasal Verbs:
    * * *
    (in rates) n.
    Kursanstieg m. (increase) time n.
    Anstiegszeit f. n.
    Anstieg -e m.
    Aufgang -¨e m.
    Aufschwung m.
    Steigen - n. (above) v.
    herausragen (über) v. (advance) to the position of expr.
    avancieren zu v. v.
    (§ p.,p.p.: rose, risen)
    = anschwellen v.
    ansteigen v.
    anwachsen v.
    aufgehen v.
    aufstehen v.
    aufsteigen v.
    emporsteigen v.
    entspringen v.
    entstehen v.
    sich erheben v.
    sichtbar werden ausdr.
    steigen v.
    (§ p.,pp.: stieg, ist gestiegen)

    English-german dictionary > rise

  • 12 step

    step
    1. noun
    1) (one movement of the foot in walking, running, dancing etc: He took a step forward; walking with hurried steps.)
    2) (the distance covered by this: He moved a step or two nearer; The restaurant is only a step (= a short distance) away.)
    3) (the sound made by someone walking etc: I heard (foot) steps.)
    4) (a particular movement with the feet, eg in dancing: The dance has some complicated steps.)
    5) (a flat surface, or one flat surface in a series, eg on a stair or stepladder, on which to place the feet or foot in moving up or down: A flight of steps led down to the cellar; Mind the step!; She was sitting on the doorstep.)
    6) (a stage in progress, development etc: Mankind made a big step forward with the invention of the wheel; His present job is a step up from his previous one.)
    7) (an action or move (towards accomplishing an aim etc): That would be a foolish/sensible step to take; I shall take steps to prevent this happening again.)

    2. verb
    (to make a step, or to walk: He opened the door and stepped out; She stepped briskly along the road.)
    - stepladder
    - stepping-stones
    - in
    - out of step
    - step aside
    - step by step
    - step in
    - step out
    - step up
    - watch one's step

    step1 n
    1. paso
    2. escalón / peldaño
    3. paso / medida
    step2 vb
    1. dar un paso / andar
    step this way, please pase por aquí, por favor
    2. pisar
    tr[step]
    1 (gen) paso; (sound) paso, pisada
    2 (distance) paso
    3 (move, act) paso
    ■ what's the next step? ¿cuál es el próximo paso?
    5 (degree on scale, stage in process) peldaño, escalón nombre masculino, paso
    6 (stair) escalón nombre masculino, peldaño, grada; (of ladder) escalón nombre masculino, travesaño; (of vehicle) estribo
    1 (move, walk) dar un paso, andar
    2 (tread) pisar
    1 SMALLBRITISH ENGLISH/SMALL (stepladder) escalera de tijera
    1 (outdoor) escalinata; (indoor) escalera; (of plane) escalerilla
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    every step of the way en todo momento, desde principio a fin
    step by step paso a paso, poco a poco
    step on it!, step on the gas! ¡date prisa!, ¡pisa a fondo!
    to be in step / keep in step (walking) llevar el paso 2 (dancing) llevar el compás
    to be one step ahead llevar la ventaja
    to be out of step (walking) no llevar el paso 2 (dancing) no llevar el compás
    to step into somebody's shoes pasar a ocupar el puesto de alguien
    to step into the breach llenar el hueco
    to watch one's step (be careful) andar con cuidado 2 (when walking) mirar por dónde camina
    a step up un ascenso
    step ['stɛp] vi, stepped ; stepping
    1) : dar un paso
    step this way, please: pase por aquí, por favor
    2)
    to step on : pisar
    step n
    1) : paso m
    step by step: paso por paso
    2) stair: escalón m, peldaño m
    3) rung: escalón m, travesaño m
    4) measure, move: medida f, paso m
    to take steps: tomar medidas
    5) stride: paso m
    with a quick step: con paso rápido
    n.
    • escalera s.f.
    • escalón s.m.
    • estribo s.m.
    • estribo de un coche s.m.
    • etapa s.f.
    • gestión s.f.
    • grada s.f.
    • grado s.m.
    • medida s.f.
    • paso s.m.
    • patada s.f.
    • peldaño s.m.
    • trámite s.m.
    v.
    • andar v.
    (§pret: anduv-)
    • escalonar v.
    • medir a pasos v.
    • pisar v.

    I step
    1) c (footstep, pace) paso m

    to take a step forward — dar* un paso adelante

    to follow in somebody's steps — seguir* los pasos de alguien

    to be/keep one step ahead: they're one step ahead of us nos llevan cierta ventaja; he tries to keep one step ahead of his students trata de que sus alumnos no lo aventajen; to watch one's step (be cautious, behave well) andarse* con cuidado or con pie de plomo; watch your step — ( when walking) mira por dónde caminas

    2)
    a) c ( of dance) paso m
    b) u (in marching, walking) paso m

    to be in/out of step — llevar/no llevar el paso; ( in dancing) llevar/no llevar el compás or el ritmo

    to break step — romper* el paso

    in/out of step with somebody/something: the leaders are out of step with the wishes of the majority — los líderes no sintonizan con los deseos de la mayoría

    3) ( distance) (no pl)
    4) c ( move) paso m; ( measure) medida f

    to take steps (to + inf) — tomar medidas (para + inf)

    5)
    a) c ( on stair) escalón m, peldaño m; ( on ladder) travesaño m, escalón m

    the museum steps — la escalinata or las escaleras del museo

    a flight of steps — un tramo m de escalera

    b) steps pl ( stepladder) (BrE) escalera f ( de mano or de tijera)
    6) c
    a) ( degree in scale) peldaño m, escalón m
    b) (AmE Mus)

    II

    would you step inside/outside for a moment? — ¿quiere pasar/salir un momento?

    to step IN/ON something — pisar algo

    sorry, I stepped on your toe — perdón, te pisé

    to step on it o on the gas — (colloq) darse* prisa, apurarse (AmL), meterle (AmL fam)

    Phrasal Verbs:
    [step]
    1. N
    1) (=movement) (lit, fig) paso m; (=sound) paso m, pisada f

    he heard steps outside — oyó pasos or pisadas fuera

    • to take a step back — dar un paso atrás

    • it's a big step for him — es un gran paso or salto para él

    • step by step — (lit, fig) poco a poco

    • to be a step closer to doing sth — estar más cerca de hacer algo

    • at every step — (lit, fig) a cada paso

    • the first step is to decide... — el primer paso es decidir...

    • to follow in sb's steps — seguir los pasos de algn

    • it's a great step forward — es un gran paso or salto adelante

    • I would go one step further and make all guns illegal — yo iría aún más lejos y prohibiría todo tipo de armas de fuego

    • what's the next step? — ¿cuál es el siguiente paso?

    • it's a step in the right direction — es un paso adelante

    • a step towards peace — un paso hacia la paz

    • to turn one's steps towards sth — dirigir los pasos hacia algo

    • it's a step up in his career — es un ascenso en su carrera profesional

    • to watch one's step — (lit, fig) ir con cuidado

    - be one step ahead of sb
    false 1., 1), spring 1., 4)
    2) (in dancing, marching) paso m

    • to break step — romper el paso

    • he quickly fell into step beside me — no tardó en ajustar su paso al mío

    • to be in step with sb — (lit) llevar el paso de algn

    to be/keep in step (with) — (in marching) llevar el paso (de); (in dance) llevar el compás or ritmo (de)

    • to be out of step — (in marching) no llevar el paso; (in dance) no llevar el compás or el ritmo

    to get out of step — (in march) perder el paso; (in dance) perder el ritmo or compás

    - be out of step with sth/sb
    - fall or get out of step with sth/sb
    3) (=distance) paso m

    I'm just a step away if you need me — si me necesitas, solo estoy a un paso

    it's a good step or quite a step to the village * — el pueblo queda bastante lejos

    4) (=footprint) huella f
    5) (=measure) medida f

    • to take steps — tomar medidas

    6) (=stair) peldaño m, escalón m; (on bus) peldaño m, estribo m; (also: doorstep) escalón m de la puerta

    I'll meet you on the library steps — quedamos en los escalones or la escalinata de la biblioteca

    • a flight of stone steps — un tramo de escalera or de escalones de piedra

    7) steps (=stepladder) escalera f (de mano/de tijera)
    8) (in scale) peldaño m, grado m

    to get onto the next step in the salary scale — ascender un peldaño or subir de grado en la escala salarial

    9) (also: step aerobics) step m
    10) (US) (Mus) tono m
    2. VI
    1) (=walk)

    • to step on board — subir a bordo

    • won't you step inside? — ¿no quiere pasar?

    • he stepped into the room — entró en la habitación

    he stepped into his slippersousers — se puso las zapatillas/los pantalones

    • to step off a bus/planeain — bajarse de un autobús/aviónen

    • as he stepped onto the pavement... — al poner el pie en la acera...

    • as she stepped out of the car — al bajar del coche

    • I had to step outside for a breath of fresh air — tuve que salir fuera a tomar el aire

    • to step over sth — pasar por encima de algo

    - step out of line
    shoe
    2) (=tread)

    • to step in/on sth — pisar algo

    step on it! * — (=hurry up) ¡date prisa!, ¡ponte las pilas! *, ¡apúrate! (LAm); (Aut) ¡acelera!

    step on the gas — (US) pisar el acelerador

    toe
    3.
    CPD

    step change N — cambio m radical

    * * *

    I [step]
    1) c (footstep, pace) paso m

    to take a step forward — dar* un paso adelante

    to follow in somebody's steps — seguir* los pasos de alguien

    to be/keep one step ahead: they're one step ahead of us nos llevan cierta ventaja; he tries to keep one step ahead of his students trata de que sus alumnos no lo aventajen; to watch one's step (be cautious, behave well) andarse* con cuidado or con pie de plomo; watch your step — ( when walking) mira por dónde caminas

    2)
    a) c ( of dance) paso m
    b) u (in marching, walking) paso m

    to be in/out of step — llevar/no llevar el paso; ( in dancing) llevar/no llevar el compás or el ritmo

    to break step — romper* el paso

    in/out of step with somebody/something: the leaders are out of step with the wishes of the majority — los líderes no sintonizan con los deseos de la mayoría

    3) ( distance) (no pl)
    4) c ( move) paso m; ( measure) medida f

    to take steps (to + inf) — tomar medidas (para + inf)

    5)
    a) c ( on stair) escalón m, peldaño m; ( on ladder) travesaño m, escalón m

    the museum steps — la escalinata or las escaleras del museo

    a flight of steps — un tramo m de escalera

    b) steps pl ( stepladder) (BrE) escalera f ( de mano or de tijera)
    6) c
    a) ( degree in scale) peldaño m, escalón m
    b) (AmE Mus)

    II

    would you step inside/outside for a moment? — ¿quiere pasar/salir un momento?

    to step IN/ON something — pisar algo

    sorry, I stepped on your toe — perdón, te pisé

    to step on it o on the gas — (colloq) darse* prisa, apurarse (AmL), meterle (AmL fam)

    Phrasal Verbs:

    English-spanish dictionary > step

  • 13 rise

    1. past tense - rose; verb
    1) (to become greater, larger, higher etc; to increase: Food prices are still rising; His temperature rose; If the river rises much more, there will be a flood; Her voice rose to a scream; Bread rises when it is baked; His spirits rose at the good news.) aumentar; subir
    2) (to move upwards: Smoke was rising from the chimney; The birds rose into the air; The curtain rose to reveal an empty stage.) elevarse
    3) (to get up from bed: He rises every morning at six o'clock.) levantarse
    4) (to stand up: The children all rose when the headmaster came in.) levantarse
    5) ((of the sun etc) to appear above the horizon: The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.) levantarse
    6) (to slope upwards: Hills rose in the distance; The ground rises at this point.) elevarse
    7) (to rebel: The people rose (up) in revolt against the dictator.) levantarse/sublevarse contra
    8) (to move to a higher rank, a more important position etc: He rose to the rank of colonel.) ascender, subir
    9) ((of a river) to begin or appear: The Rhône rises in the Alps.) nacer
    10) ((of wind) to begin; to become stronger: Don't go out in the boat - the wind has risen.) levantarse; hacerse/soplar más fuerte
    11) (to be built: Office blocks are rising all over the town.) alzarse, erigirse
    12) (to come back to life: Jesus has risen.) resucitar

    2. noun
    1) ((the) act of rising: He had a rapid rise to fame; a rise in prices.) ascenso, subida
    2) (an increase in salary or wages: She asked her boss for a rise.) aumento
    3) (a slope or hill: The house is just beyond the next rise.) subida, cuesta
    4) (the beginning and early development of something: the rise of the Roman Empire.) grandeza, auge
    •

    3. adjective
    the rising sun; rising prices; the rising generation; a rising young politician.) saliente; creciente, en aumento, en alza
    - late riser
    - give rise to
    - rise to the occasion

    rise1 n aumento / subida
    rise2 vb
    1. subir
    2. aumentar / subir
    the price of petrol has risen by 12% this year el precio de la gasolina ha subido un 12% este año
    3. crecer
    4. salir
    tr[raɪz]
    1 ascenso, subida
    2 (increase) aumento
    3 (slope) subida, cuesta
    intransitive verb (pt rose tr[rəʊz], pp risen tr['rɪzən])
    1 ascender, subir
    2 (increase) aumentar
    3 (stand up) ponerse de pie
    4 (get up) levantarse
    5 (sun) salir
    6 (river) nacer
    8 (mountains) elevarse
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    to give rise to dar origen a
    to rise to the occasion ponerse a la altura de las circunstancias
    rise ['raɪz] vi, rose ['ro:z] ; risen ['rɪz-ə n] ; rising
    1) get up: levantarse
    to rise to one's feet: ponerse de pie
    2) : elevarse, alzarse
    the mountains rose to the west: las montañas se elevaron al oeste
    3) : salir (dícese del sol y de la luna)
    4) : subir (dícese de las aguas, del humo, etc.)
    the river rose: las aguas subieron de nivel
    5) increase: aumentar, subir
    6) originate: nacer, proceder
    7)
    to rise in rank : ascender
    8)
    to rise up rebel: sublevarse, rebelarse
    rise n
    1) ascent: ascensión f, subida f
    2) origin: origen m
    3) elevation: elevación f
    4) increase: subida f, aumento m, alzamiento m
    5) slope: pendiente f, cuesta f
    n.
    • desnivel (Pen diente) s.m.
    n.
    • alza s.f.
    • crecimiento s.m.
    • cuesta s.f.
    • elevación s.f.
    • levantamiento s.m.
    • origen s.m.
    • peralte s.m.
    • salida s.f.
    • subida s.f.
    • subido s.m.
    v.
    (§ p.,p.p.: rose, risen) = crecer v.
    • encumbrar v.
    • enriscar v.
    • leudar v.
    • levantarse v.
    • nacer v.
    • salir v.
    (§pres: salgo, sales...) fut/c: saldr-•)
    • subir v.
    • surgir v.

    I raɪz
    1)
    a) (upward movement - of tide, level) subida f; (- in pitch) elevación f

    to get a rise out of somebody — (colloq) conseguir* que alguien se fastidie

    to take the rise out of somebody — (colloq) tomarle el pelo a alguien (fam)

    b) (increase - in prices, interest rates) subida f, aumento m, alza f‡ (frml), suba f (RPl); (- in pressure, temperature) aumento m, subida f; (- in number, amount) aumento m

    to be on the rise — ir* en aumento, estar* aumentando

    c) ( in pay) (BrE) aumento m, incremento m (frml)

    a pay rise — un aumento or (frml) un incremento salarial

    d) ( improvement) mejora f
    2) ( advance) ascenso m, ascensión f

    the rise and fall of somebody/something — la grandeza y decadencia de alguien/algo, el auge y (la) caída de alguien/algo

    to give rise to something — \<\<to belief\>\> dar* origen or lugar a algo; \<\<to dispute\>\> ocasionar or causar algo; \<\<to ideas\>\> suscitar algo

    3) ( slope) subida f, cuesta f

    II
    (past rose; past p risen 'rɪzṇ) intransitive verb
    1)
    a) (come, go up) subir; \<\<mist\>\> levantarse; \<\<sun/moon\>\> salir*; \<\<river\>\> crecer*; \<\<dough\>\> crecer*, subir; \<\<cake\>\> subir; \<\<fish\>\> picar*

    a few eyebrows rose when... — más de uno se mostró sorprendido cuando...

    to rise to the surface — salir* or subir a la superficie

    the color rose to her cheeks — se le subieron los colores, se ruborizó

    b) ( increase) \<\<price/temperature/pressure\>\> subir, aumentar; \<\<wind\>\> arreciar; \<\<wage/number/amount\>\> aumentar; \<\<tension\>\> crecer*, aumentar

    to rise in price — subir or aumentar de precio

    c) \<\<sound\>\> ( become louder) aumentar de volumen; ( become higher) subir de tono
    d) ( improve) \<\<standard\>\> mejorar

    their spirits rose — se les levantó el ánimo, se animaron

    2)
    a) ( slope upward) \<\<ground/land\>\> elevarse
    b) ( extend upwards) \<\<building/hill\>\> levantarse, alzarse*, erguirse* (liter)
    3)
    a) ( stand up) \<\<person/audience\>\> (frml) ponerse* de pie, levantarse, pararse (AmL)

    to rise to one's feet — ponerse* de pie, levantarse

    b) ( out of bed) levantarse

    rise and shine! — (colloq) vamos, arriba y a espabilarse! (fam)

    4) (in position, status)
    5) ( adjourn) (BrE) \<\<court/parliament\>\> levantar la sesión
    6) ( revolt)

    to rise (up) (AGAINST somebody/something) — levantarse or alzarse* (contra alguien/algo)

    7) ( originate) \<\<river\>\> (frml) nacer*
    •
    Phrasal Verbs:
    [raɪz] (vb: pt rose) (pp risen)
    1. N
    1) (=upward movement) subida f, ascenso m ; [of tide] subida f ; [of river] crecida f ; (in tone, pitch) subida f, elevación f
    - get a rise out of sb
    - take the rise out of sb
    2) (=increase) (in number, rate, value) aumento m ; (in price, temperature) subida f, aumento m ; (Brit) (in salary) aumento m (de sueldo)

    he was given a 30% pay rise — le dieron un aumento de sueldo del 30%

    • a rise in interest rates — un aumento de los tipos de interés

    • prices are on the rise — los precios están subiendo

    3) (fig) (=advancement) ascenso m, subida f ; (=emergence) desarrollo m

    his meteoric rise to fame — su ascenso meteórico or su subida meteórica a la fama

    Napoleon's rise to power — el ascenso or la subida de Napoleón al poder

    the rise and fall of — [of organization] el auge y (la) decadencia de; [of person] el ascenso y (la) caída de

    4) (=small hill) colina f, loma f ; (=upward slope) cuesta f (arriba), pendiente f ; [of stairs] subida f
    5) (=origin) [of river] nacimiento m

    to give rise to — [+ innovation] dar origen a; [+ problems, impression] causar; [+ interest, ideas] suscitar; [+ speculation, doubts, suspicion, fear] suscitar, dar lugar a

    2. VI
    1) (=get up) (from bed) levantarse; (=stand up) ponerse de pie, levantarse; (=rear up) [building, mountain] elevarse, alzarse

    to rise early — madrugar, levantarse temprano

    rise and shine! — ¡levántate y espabila!

    ash II, 1.
    2) (=get higher) [sun, moon] salir; [smoke, mist, balloon] subir, ascender, elevarse liter; [dust, spray, theatre curtain] levantarse; [water, tide, level, aircraft, lift] subir; [dough, cake] aumentar, subir; [river] crecer; [hair] ponerse de punta

    the plane rose to 4,000 metres — el avión subió a 4.000 metros

    to rise above — (fig) [+ differences, poverty] superar; [+ prejudice] estar por encima de

    to rise to the bait — (lit, fig) picar or morder el anzuelo

    to rise to the surface — (lit) salir a la superficie; (fig) [tensions, contradictions] surgir, aflorar

    challenge, occasion
    3) (=increase) [price, temperature, pressure] subir, aumentar; [number, amount, tension] aumentar; [barometer, stocks, shares] subir; [wind] arreciar, levantarse; [sound] hacerse más fuerte

    it has risen 20% in price — su precio ha subido or aumentado en un 20%

    her voice rose in anger — levantó or alzó la voz enfadada

    4) [ground] subir (en pendiente)
    5) (in rank) ascender

    to rise from or through the ranks — (Mil) ascender de soldado raso

    prominence
    6) (=improve) [standards] mejorar
    7) (=come forth)

    from the people, a cheer rose up — la gente empezó a vitorear todos a una

    she could feel a blush rising to her cheeks — sentía que se le subía el color a las mejillas, sentía que se le subían los colores

    8) (=originate) [river] nacer
    9) (=rebel) (also: rise up) sublevarse, levantarse ( against contra)

    to rise (up) in revolt — sublevarse, rebelarse

    10) (=adjourn) [parliament, court] levantar la sesión

    the House rose at 2a.m. — se levantó la sesión parlamentaria a las 2 de la madrugada

    * * *

    I [raɪz]
    1)
    a) (upward movement - of tide, level) subida f; (- in pitch) elevación f

    to get a rise out of somebody — (colloq) conseguir* que alguien se fastidie

    to take the rise out of somebody — (colloq) tomarle el pelo a alguien (fam)

    b) (increase - in prices, interest rates) subida f, aumento m, alza f‡ (frml), suba f (RPl); (- in pressure, temperature) aumento m, subida f; (- in number, amount) aumento m

    to be on the rise — ir* en aumento, estar* aumentando

    c) ( in pay) (BrE) aumento m, incremento m (frml)

    a pay rise — un aumento or (frml) un incremento salarial

    d) ( improvement) mejora f
    2) ( advance) ascenso m, ascensión f

    the rise and fall of somebody/something — la grandeza y decadencia de alguien/algo, el auge y (la) caída de alguien/algo

    to give rise to something — \<\<to belief\>\> dar* origen or lugar a algo; \<\<to dispute\>\> ocasionar or causar algo; \<\<to ideas\>\> suscitar algo

    3) ( slope) subida f, cuesta f

    II
    (past rose; past p risen ['rɪzṇ]) intransitive verb
    1)
    a) (come, go up) subir; \<\<mist\>\> levantarse; \<\<sun/moon\>\> salir*; \<\<river\>\> crecer*; \<\<dough\>\> crecer*, subir; \<\<cake\>\> subir; \<\<fish\>\> picar*

    a few eyebrows rose when... — más de uno se mostró sorprendido cuando...

    to rise to the surface — salir* or subir a la superficie

    the color rose to her cheeks — se le subieron los colores, se ruborizó

    b) ( increase) \<\<price/temperature/pressure\>\> subir, aumentar; \<\<wind\>\> arreciar; \<\<wage/number/amount\>\> aumentar; \<\<tension\>\> crecer*, aumentar

    to rise in price — subir or aumentar de precio

    c) \<\<sound\>\> ( become louder) aumentar de volumen; ( become higher) subir de tono
    d) ( improve) \<\<standard\>\> mejorar

    their spirits rose — se les levantó el ánimo, se animaron

    2)
    a) ( slope upward) \<\<ground/land\>\> elevarse
    b) ( extend upwards) \<\<building/hill\>\> levantarse, alzarse*, erguirse* (liter)
    3)
    a) ( stand up) \<\<person/audience\>\> (frml) ponerse* de pie, levantarse, pararse (AmL)

    to rise to one's feet — ponerse* de pie, levantarse

    b) ( out of bed) levantarse

    rise and shine! — (colloq) vamos, arriba y a espabilarse! (fam)

    4) (in position, status)
    5) ( adjourn) (BrE) \<\<court/parliament\>\> levantar la sesión
    6) ( revolt)

    to rise (up) (AGAINST somebody/something) — levantarse or alzarse* (contra alguien/algo)

    7) ( originate) \<\<river\>\> (frml) nacer*
    •
    Phrasal Verbs:

    English-spanish dictionary > rise

  • 14 man

    mæn
    1. plural - men; noun
    1) (an adult male human being: Hundreds of men, women and children; a four-man team.) hombre
    2) (human beings taken as a whole; the human race: the development of man.) ser humano, hombre
    3) (obviously masculine male person: He's independent, tough, strong, brave - a real man!) hombre
    4) (a word sometimes used in speaking informally or giving commands to someone: Get on with your work, man, and stop complaining!) hombre, tío, macho
    5) (an ordinary soldier, who is not an officer: officers and men.) soldado
    6) (a piece used in playing chess or draughts: I took three of his men in one move.) pieza, ficha

    2. verb
    (to supply with men (especially soldiers): The colonel manned the guns with soldiers from our regiment.) dotar de personal
    - - man
    - manhood
    - mankind
    - manly
    - manliness
    - manned
    - man-eating
    - man-eater
    - manhandle
    - manhole
    - man-made
    - manpower
    - manservant
    - mansized
    - mansize
    - manslaughter
    - menfolk
    - menswear
    - as one man
    - the man in the street
    - man of letters
    - man of the world
    - man to man
    - to a man

    man n hombre
    tr[mæn]
    1 Isla de Man
    man ['mæn] vt, manned ; manning : tripular (un barco o avión), encargarse de (un servicio)
    man n, pl men ['mɛn]
    1) person: hombre m, persona f
    2) male: hombre m
    3) mankind: humanidad f
    n.
    (§ pl.: men) = hombre s.m.
    • obrero s.m.
    • ser humano s.m.
    • señor s.m.
    • soldado s.m.
    • varón s.m.
    v.
    • dotar v.
    • guarnecer v.
    • proveer de gente armada v.
    • tripular v.
    = Manitoba
    [mæn]
    1. N
    (pl men)
    1) (=not woman) hombre m; (=husband) marido m; (=boyfriend) novio m; (=servant) criado m; (=workman) obrero m; (=ordinary soldier) soldado m; (=ordinary sailor) marinero m

    her man is in the army — (husband) su marido está en el ejército; (boyfriend) su novio está en el ejército

    officers and men — (=soldiers) oficiales y soldados; (=sailors) oficiales y marineros

    • I've lived here man and boy — vivo aquí desde pequeño

    • he's not the man for the job — no es el más indicado para esa tarea

    • man of God — religioso m, clérigo m

    • good man! — ¡bravo!, ¡muy bien!

    my good man — † buen hombre, amigo mío

    all good men and true — liter todos los que merecen llamarse hombres

    • man of letters — literato m

    • it's got to be a local man — tiene que ser uno de aquí

    • to make a man of sb — hacer un hombre de algn

    • man of means — hombre m acaudalado

    • the man in the moon — el rostro de (mujer en) la luna

    • to feel (like) a new man — sentirse como nuevo

    • look here, old man — † mira, amigo

    • the man on the Clapham omnibus — el hombre de la calle

    • our man in Washington — (=agent) nuestro agente en Washington; (=representative) nuestro representante en Washington; (=ambassador) nuestro embajador en Washington

    • man of parts — hombre m de talento

    • man of property — hombre m acaudalado

    • man of straw — (=person of no substance) monigote m, títere m; (esp US) (=front man) hombre m de paja, testaferro m

    • the man in the street — el hombre de la calle

    • the strong man of the government — el hombre fuerte del gobierno

    • that man Jones — aquel Jones

    • man to man — de hombre a hombre

    • he's a man about town — es un gran vividor

    • man and wife — marido y mujer

    • a man of the world — un hombre de mundo

    • a young man — un joven

    - be man enough to do sth
    - reach man's estate
    best 5., cloth, grand 1., 1)
    2) (=humanity in general) (also: Man) el hombre
    3) (=individual, person) persona f

    what else could a man do? — ¿es que se podía hacer otra cosa?

    men say that... — se dice que...

    • any man — cualquiera, cualquier hombre

    • no man — ninguno, nadie

    • as one man — como un solo hombre

    • one man one vote — un voto para cada uno

    • they agreed to a man — no hubo voz en contra

    • then I'm your man — entonces soy la persona que estás buscando

    4) (=type)

    • I'm not a drinking man — yo no bebo

    • he's a family man — (=with family) es padre de familia; (=home-loving) es muy casero

    • I'm not a football man — no soy aficionado al fútbol, no me gusta mucho el fútbol

    • he's a man's man — es un hombre estimado entre otros hombres

    • he's his own man — es un hombre muy fiel a sí mismo

    • I'm a whisky man myself — yo prefiero el whisky

    5) (Chess) pieza f; (Draughts) ficha f
    6) * (excl)

    hey man! — ¡oye, tronco! *

    you can't do that, man — hombre, no puedes hacer eso

    man, was I startled! — ¡vaya susto que me dio!, ¡qué susto me pegué!

    2.
    VT [+ ship] tripular; [+ fortress, watchtower] guarnecer; [+ guns] servir; [+ pumps] acudir a, hacer funcionar
    manned
    3.
    CPD

    man day N — (Comm, Ind) día-hombre m

    man flu * N — pej resfriado m

    man Friday N — criado m fiel

    men's doubles N — (Tennis) dobles mpl masculinos

    men's final N — (Sport) final f masculina

    men's room N — (esp US) lavabo m de caballeros

    * * *
    = Manitoba

    English-spanish dictionary > man

  • 15 rise

    1. past tense - rose; verb
    1) (to become greater, larger, higher etc; to increase: Food prices are still rising; His temperature rose; If the river rises much more, there will be a flood; Her voice rose to a scream; Bread rises when it is baked; His spirits rose at the good news.) øke, stige, heve seg
    2) (to move upwards: Smoke was rising from the chimney; The birds rose into the air; The curtain rose to reveal an empty stage.) stige opp
    3) (to get up from bed: He rises every morning at six o'clock.) stå opp
    4) (to stand up: The children all rose when the headmaster came in.) reise seg
    5) ((of the sun etc) to appear above the horizon: The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.) gå/stige opp
    6) (to slope upwards: Hills rose in the distance; The ground rises at this point.) skråne oppover
    7) (to rebel: The people rose (up) in revolt against the dictator.) gjøre opprør, reise seg mot
    8) (to move to a higher rank, a more important position etc: He rose to the rank of colonel.) bli forfremmet, komme seg fram/opp
    9) ((of a river) to begin or appear: The Rhône rises in the Alps.) ha sitt utspring
    10) ((of wind) to begin; to become stronger: Don't go out in the boat - the wind has risen.) stige
    11) (to be built: Office blocks are rising all over the town.) sprette opp som paddehatter
    12) (to come back to life: Jesus has risen.) stå opp fra de døde
    2. noun
    1) ((the) act of rising: He had a rapid rise to fame; a rise in prices.) stigning, oppgang, økning
    2) (an increase in salary or wages: She asked her boss for a rise.) lønnspålegg
    3) (a slope or hill: The house is just beyond the next rise.) skråning, bakke
    4) (the beginning and early development of something: the rise of the Roman Empire.) oppgang, begynnelse
    •
    3. adjective
    the rising sun; rising prices; the rising generation; a rising young politician.) stigende, oppgående, kommende
    - late riser
    - give rise to
    - rise to the occasion
    sti
    --------
    stigning
    I
    subst. \/raɪz\/
    1) stigning, bakke, trapp
    2) oppgang, stigning, bevegelse oppover
    3) ( om penger e.l.) økning, forhøyelse, stigning
    4) ( britisk) lønnsforhøyelse, lønnsøkning
    5) høyde, forhøyning
    6) fremgang, økende status
    7) økning i høyde, økning i lydvolum, stigning
    8) begynnelse, opphav, utspring
    9) ( slang) ståpikk, reisning, stå
    10) oppstandelse (fra sykeleie, fra de døde e.l.)
    11) ( fisking) vaking, det at fisken stiger i vannet
    at sun rise ved soloppgang
    get a rise få lønnsforhøyelse ( slang) få stå(pikk)
    get a rise out of someone erte noen til det kommer en reaksjon, få noen til å bli sint
    give rise to forårsake, fremkalle
    have\/take its rise in ha sin opprinnelse, springe ut fra, ha sitt utspring i
    be on the rise være i fremmarsj
    II
    verb ( rose - risen) \/raɪz\/
    1) reise seg, reise seg opp, stå opp, stå rett opp (f.eks. om hår)
    2) stige (opp), stige i været, bevege seg oppover
    3) stige, øke, tilta
    4) stige i gradene, avansere
    5) gjøre opprør, reise seg
    6) skyte frem, spire
    7) oppstå, ha sitt utspring
    8) ese, heve (seg)
    9) (formelt, om møte e.l.) avslutte, heve
    10) oppstå (fra de døde)
    11) (om fugl, fisk e.l.) lokke frem, lokke til seg, (få til å) stige mot agnet (om fisk)
    look as though one has risen from the grave se ut som en har stått opp fra graven
    make one's gorge rise få en til bli kvalm, få innvollene til å gjøre opprør
    rise above doing something bli for viktig til å gjøre noe
    rise above mediocrity heve seg over det middelmådige
    rise above something heve seg over noe
    rise and shine! opp og hopp!, på tide å stå opp!
    rise from oppstå fra
    rise from the dead stå opp fra de døde
    rise from the table gå fra bordet, reise seg fra bordet
    rise in the world komme seg frem her i verden
    rise to a\/the worm se ➢ worm, 1
    rise to one's responsibilities vokse med ansvaret
    rise to the occasion være situasjonen voksen, beherske situasjonen

    English-Norwegian dictionary > rise

  • 16 only

    1. attributive adjective
    1) einzig...

    the only person — der/die einzige

    my only regret is that... — ich bedaure nur, dass...

    the only one/ones — der/die/das einzige/die einzigen

    2) (best by far)

    the only — der/die/das einzig wahre

    he/she is the only one for me — es gibt nur ihn/sie für mich

    2. adverb
    1) nur

    we had been waiting only 5 minutes when... — wir hatten erst 5 Minuten gewartet, als...

    it's only/only just 6 o'clock — es ist erst 6 Uhr/gerade erst 6 Uhr vorbei

    you only have or you have only to ask — etc. du brauchst nur zu fragen usw.

    you only live once — man lebt nur einmal

    only if — nur [dann]..., wenn

    he only just managed it/made it — er hat es gerade so/gerade noch geschafft

    not only... but also — nicht nur... sondern auch; see also academic.ru/36709/if">if 1. 4)

    2) (no longer ago than) erst

    only the other day/week — erst neulich od. kürzlich

    3) (with no better result than)

    only to find/discover that... — nur, um zu entdecken, dass...

    4)

    only too — [sogar] ausgesprochen [froh, begierig, bereitwillig]; in context of undesirable circumstances viel zu

    be only too aware of something — sich (Dat.) einer Sache (Gen.) voll bewusst sein

    only too well — nur zu gut [wissen, kennen, sich erinnern]; gerne [mögen]

    3. conjunction
    1) (but then) nur
    2) (were it not for the fact that)

    only [that] I am/he is etc.... — ich bin/er ist usw. nur...

    * * *
    ['əunli] 1. adjective
    (without any others of the same type: He has no brothers or sisters - he's an only child; the only book of its kind.) einzig
    2. adverb
    1) (not more than: We have only two cups left; He lives only a mile away.) nur
    2) (alone: Only you can do it.) nur
    3) (showing the one action done, in contrast to other possibilities: I only scolded the child - I did not smack him.) nur
    4) (not longer ago than: I saw him only yesterday.) erst
    5) (showing the one possible result of an action: If you do that, you'll only make him angry.) nur
    3. conjunction
    (except that, but: I'd like to go, only I have to work.) aber
    * * *
    [ˈəʊnli, AM ˈoʊn-]
    I. adj attr, inv einzige(r, s)
    sb's \only daughter/son jds einzige Tochter/einziger Sohn
    the \only one der/die/das Einzige
    he was the \only one to help er hat als Einziger geholfen
    the \only person der/die Einzige
    he is the \only person for the job nur er kommt für den Job infrage
    the \only thing das Einzige
    the \only thing that matters is that the baby is healthy was zählt ist allein, dass das Baby gesund ist
    the \only way die einzige Möglichkeit
    is this really the \only way to do it? geht es wirklich nicht anders?
    ▶ sb is not the \only pebble on the beach jd ist nicht der einzige Mensch auf der Welt
    II. adv inv
    1. (exclusively) nur
    for members \only nur für Mitglieder
    she'll \only go if Peter goes sie geht nur, wenn Peter auch geht
    2. (just) erst
    I \only arrived half an hour ago ich bin erst vor einer halben Stunde angekommen
    it's \only four o'clock es ist erst vier Uhr
    he can't be dead, I \only spoke to him this morning er kann nicht tot sein, ich habe heute morgen noch mit ihm gesprochen
    \only the other day erst neulich [o SCHWEIZ meist kürzlich]
    \only last week/yesterday erst letzte Woche/gestern
    \only just gerade [o eben] erst
    3. (merely) nur, bloß
    it's \only me ich bin's nur
    it's \only natural es ist nur natürlich
    \only to think of it made her nervous der bloße Gedanke daran machte sie nervös
    \only just gerade eben
    he has \only just enough money to pay the rent er hat gerade genug Geld, um die Miete zu zahlen
    not \only..., but also... nicht nur..., sondern auch...
    if you invite me, I'll be \only too pleased to show up wenn du mich einlädst, werde ich nur zu gerne kommen
    5. (unavoidably) nur
    the economic situation can \only worsen die wirtschaftliche Situation kann sich nur verschlechtern
    6. (to express wish)
    if \only... wenn nur...
    if \only she would listen wenn sie nur zuhören würde
    if he'd \only bothered to get some insurance before his house burnt down wenn er sich doch bloß um eine Versicherung gekümmert hätte, bevor sein Haus niedergebrannt ist
    7. (indicating a surprising development)
    he rushed into the office, \only to find that everyone had gone home er stürzte ins Büro, nur um festzustellen, dass alle [schon] nach Hause gegangen waren
    8.
    ▶ you \only live once ( saying) man lebt nur einmal
    III. conj
    1. (however) aber, jedoch
    he's a good athlete, \only he smokes too much er ist ein guter Sportler, er raucht nur zu viel
    she wasn't a bad student, \only that she had to repeat a class once sie war keine schlechte Schülerin, wenn sie auch einmal eine Klasse wiederholen musste
    2. (in addition)
    ▪ not \only...,... [too]:
    not \only can she sing and dance, she can act and play the piano too sie kann nicht nur singen und tanzen, sie kann auch schauspielern und Klavier spielen
    * * *
    ['əʊnlɪ]
    1. adj attr
    einzige(r, s)

    he's an/my only child — er ist ein Einzelkind nt/mein einziges Kind

    the only one or person — der/die Einzige

    the only thing I could suggest would be to invite him too — ich könnte höchstens vorschlagen, dass wir etc ihn auch einladen

    that's the only thing for it/the only thing to do — das ist die einzige Möglichkeit

    the only thing I have against it is that... — ich habe nur eins dagegen einzuwenden, nämlich, dass...

    the only thing or problem is... — nur...

    the only thing is (that) it's too late — es ist bloß or nur schon zu spät

    my only wish/regret —

    See:
    → one
    2. adv
    1) nur

    only yesterday/last week — erst gestern/letzte Woche

    I only hope he gets here in time — ich hoffe nur, dass es noch rechtzeitig hier eintrifft

    you only have to ask —

    I wanted only to be with you (esp liter) — ich wollte weiter nichts, als mit dir zusammen zu sein

    "members only" — "(Zutritt) nur für Mitglieder"

    only think of it! —

    2)

    (in constructions) only too true/easy etc — nur (all)zu wahr/leicht etc

    we only just caught the train — wir haben den Zug gerade noch gekriegt

    he has only just arrived —

    not only... but also... — nicht nur..., sondern auch...

    3. conj
    bloß, nur

    I would do it myself, only I haven't time — ich würde es selbst machen, ich habe bloß or nur keine Zeit

    she looks like me, only taller — sie sieht aus wie ich, nur dass sie etwas größer ist

    * * *
    only [ˈəʊnlı]
    A adj
    1. einzig(er, e, es), alleinig:
    the only son der einzige Sohn;
    he’s an only child er ist ein Einzelkind;
    he’s the only person for the position er kommt als Einziger für den Posten infrage; → begotten B, one A 2
    2. einzigartig
    B adv
    1. nur, bloß:
    you’re only jealous du bist doch nur eifersüchtig;
    I can only hope that … ich kann nur hoffen, dass …;
    not only … but (also) nicht nur …, sondern auch;
    a) wenn nur,
    b) wenn auch nur;
    if only he would leave!, if he would only leave! wenn er doch nur endlich ginge!
    2. erst:
    only yesterday erst gestern, gestern noch;
    only just eben erst, gerade;
    only just enough money gerade genug Geld
    C konj
    1. jedoch, nur, bloß: he wants to go, only he can’t er kann nur nicht
    2. only that … nur dass …, außer wenn …
    * * *
    1. attributive adjective
    1) einzig...

    the only person — der/die einzige

    my only regret is that... — ich bedaure nur, dass...

    the only one/ones — der/die/das einzige/die einzigen

    the only — der/die/das einzig wahre

    he/she is the only one for me — es gibt nur ihn/sie für mich

    2. adverb
    1) nur

    we had been waiting only 5 minutes when... — wir hatten erst 5 Minuten gewartet, als...

    it's only/only just 6 o'clock — es ist erst 6 Uhr/gerade erst 6 Uhr vorbei

    you only have or you have only to ask — etc. du brauchst nur zu fragen usw.

    only if — nur [dann]..., wenn

    he only just managed it/made it — er hat es gerade so/gerade noch geschafft

    not only... but also — nicht nur... sondern auch; see also if 1. 4)

    only the other day/week — erst neulich od. kürzlich

    only to find/discover that... — nur, um zu entdecken, dass...

    4)

    only too — [sogar] ausgesprochen [froh, begierig, bereitwillig]; in context of undesirable circumstances viel zu

    be only too aware of something — sich (Dat.) einer Sache (Gen.) voll bewusst sein

    only too well — nur zu gut [wissen, kennen, sich erinnern]; gerne [mögen]

    3. conjunction
    1) (but then) nur

    only [that] I am/he is etc.... — ich bin/er ist usw. nur...

    * * *
    adj.
    einzig adj. adv.
    nur adv.

    English-german dictionary > only

  • 17 rise

    1. past tense - rose; verb
    1) (to become greater, larger, higher etc; to increase: Food prices are still rising; His temperature rose; If the river rises much more, there will be a flood; Her voice rose to a scream; Bread rises when it is baked; His spirits rose at the good news.) (na)rasti, dvigniti se
    2) (to move upwards: Smoke was rising from the chimney; The birds rose into the air; The curtain rose to reveal an empty stage.) dvigati se
    3) (to get up from bed: He rises every morning at six o'clock.) vstati
    4) (to stand up: The children all rose when the headmaster came in.) vstati
    5) ((of the sun etc) to appear above the horizon: The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.) dvigati se
    6) (to slope upwards: Hills rose in the distance; The ground rises at this point.) dvigati se
    7) (to rebel: The people rose (up) in revolt against the dictator.) dvigniti se
    8) (to move to a higher rank, a more important position etc: He rose to the rank of colonel.) povzpeti se
    9) ((of a river) to begin or appear: The Rhône rises in the Alps.) izvirati
    10) ((of wind) to begin; to become stronger: Don't go out in the boat - the wind has risen.) dvigati se
    11) (to be built: Office blocks are rising all over the town.) dvigati se
    12) (to come back to life: Jesus has risen.) vstati od mrtvih
    2. noun
    1) ((the) act of rising: He had a rapid rise to fame; a rise in prices.) vzpon
    2) (an increase in salary or wages: She asked her boss for a rise.) povišanje
    3) (a slope or hill: The house is just beyond the next rise.) vzpetina
    4) (the beginning and early development of something: the rise of the Roman Empire.) vzpon
    •
    3. adjective
    the rising sun; rising prices; the rising generation; a rising young politician.) vzhajajoč, naraščajoč
    - late riser
    - give rise to
    - rise to the occasion
    * * *
    I [ráiz]
    noun
    dvig, dviganje, vzpon, vzpenjanje; (o zvezdi, Soncu) vzhajanje, vzhod; theatre dvig(anje) zastora; religion vstajenje (od mrtvih); prijem (ribe za vabo); nastop, pojavitev; porast, naraščanje (vode); vzpetina, grič, višina; višina ( of a tower stolpa); višina (stopnice, stopnišča); povečanje, prirastek ( in population v prebivalstvu); music zvišanje (glasu); dvig, porast, skok ( of prices cen); hausse; dodatek, povišanje (plače); izboljšanje življenja; napredovanje; povod, vzrok, začetek, izvor, vir; slang škodoželjna šala (poniževalna za premaganca)
    gentle rise — blaga, položna vzpetina
    to ask for a rise of salary — prositi, zahtevati povišanje plače
    to buy for a rise economy špekulirati na hausse
    to get (to take) a rise out of s.o. — razdražiti, razjariti, razkačiti, razburiti koga
    to give rise to — povzročiti, dati povod čemu, privesti do česa, roditi kaj
    to have (to take) one's rise (in, from) — izvirati v, imeti svoj izvor v, prihajati iz
    II [ráiz]
    intransitive verb
    vsta(ja)ti; vzhajati, vziti; dvigniti se; dvigati se, vzpenjati se; (na)rasti; upreti se, spuntati se, nasprotovati (against, on čemu); (o ceni) rasti, skakati; (o glasu) rasti; postati močnejši, povečati se; (o laseh) ježiti se; (o ribi) priplavati iz globine, da bi ugriznila v vabo; theatre dvigniti se (zastor); (o zgradbah) dvigati se, moleti, štrleti v višino; postati viden, pokazati se, pojaviti se, nastopiti, nastati; porajati se; izvirati; parliament odložiti se, odgoditi se, zaključiti se (o seji, zasedanju)
    rising ground — vzpetina, strmina
    to rise in arms — upreti se z orožjem, zgrabiti za orožje, dvigniti se
    to rise from the dead religion vstati od mrtvih
    to rise to the occasion (to a difficulty) — biti kos, biti dorasel položaju (težavi)
    to rise in rebellion — upreti se, pobuniti se, spuntati se
    to rise in the world — družbeno napredovati, napraviti kariero; uspeti v življenju
    the fish rose to the bait — riba je ugriznila v vabo, je prijela
    where does the Danube rise? — kje izvira Donava?
    on what day does Parliament rise? — kdaj se zaključi zasedanje parlamenta?
    my gorge rises to this sight — vzdiguje se mi (za bruhanje) ob tem pogledu, pogled na to mi zbuja gnus
    the river rises from a spring in the mountains — reka izvira v (nekem) gorskem studencu; transitive verb pustiti (koga, kaj) vstati; dvigniti, prinesti na površino; zagledati

    English-Slovenian dictionary > rise

  • 18 rise

    I [raɪz]
    1) (increase) (in amount, number) crescita f. (in di); (in inflation) crescita f., salita f. (in di); (in rates, prices) aumento m., rialzo m., incremento m. (in di); (in pressure, temperature) aumento m. (in di); (in standards) miglioramento m. (in di)
    2) BE (anche pay

    rise —, wage

    rise —) aumento m. salariale, di stipendio

    3) (progress) (of person) ascesa f.; (of company, empire) ascesa f., progresso m.; (of ideology) affermazione f.
    4) (slope) salita f.
    5) (hill) collina f., altura f.
    6) fig.

    to give rise to — dare origine o adito a [rumours, speculation]; suscitare [resentment, frustration]; causare [problem, unemployment]

    ••

    to get a rise out of sb. — colloq. fare uscire qcn. dai gangheri

    II [raɪz]
    verbo intransitivo (pass. rose; p.pass. risen)
    1) (become higher) [ water] salire (di livello); [price, temperature] aumentare, salire; [ voice] alzarsi

    to rise above — [temperature, amount] superare

    2) fig. (intensify) [ pressure] aumentare; [ tension] salire; [frustration, hopes] crescere
    3) (get up) [ person] alzarsi; (after falling) tirarsi su, rialzarsi

    "rise and shine!" — "sveglia!"

    to rise to — essere o mostrarsi all'altezza di [occasion, challenge]

    5) (progress) [ person] fare carriera, farsi una posizione

    to rise to — diventare [director, manager]

    6) (slope upwards) [ road] salire; [ cliff] elevarsi, ergersi
    7) (appear over horizon) [sun, moon] sorgere, spuntare
    8) geogr. (have source)

    to rise in — [ river] nascere in [ area]

    9) gastr. [ cake] lievitare
    10) amm. pol. [committee, parliament] sciogliersi, sospendere la seduta
    •
    * * *
    1. past tense - rose; verb
    1) (to become greater, larger, higher etc; to increase: Food prices are still rising; His temperature rose; If the river rises much more, there will be a flood; Her voice rose to a scream; Bread rises when it is baked; His spirits rose at the good news.) aumentare; alzarsi; crescere
    2) (to move upwards: Smoke was rising from the chimney; The birds rose into the air; The curtain rose to reveal an empty stage.) alzarsi
    3) (to get up from bed: He rises every morning at six o'clock.) alzarsi
    4) (to stand up: The children all rose when the headmaster came in.) alzarsi
    5) ((of the sun etc) to appear above the horizon: The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.) sorgere
    6) (to slope upwards: Hills rose in the distance; The ground rises at this point.) ergersi; salire, alzarsi
    7) (to rebel: The people rose (up) in revolt against the dictator.) sollevarsi, ribellarsi
    8) (to move to a higher rank, a more important position etc: He rose to the rank of colonel.) elevarsi
    9) ((of a river) to begin or appear: The Rhône rises in the Alps.) sorgere, nascere
    10) ((of wind) to begin; to become stronger: Don't go out in the boat - the wind has risen.) alzarsi
    11) (to be built: Office blocks are rising all over the town.) sorgere, spuntare, nascere
    12) (to come back to life: Jesus has risen.) risuscitare
    2. noun
    1) ((the) act of rising: He had a rapid rise to fame; a rise in prices.) ascesa, salita
    2) (an increase in salary or wages: She asked her boss for a rise.) aumento
    3) (a slope or hill: The house is just beyond the next rise.) altura
    4) (the beginning and early development of something: the rise of the Roman Empire.) nascita
    •
    3. adjective
    the rising sun; rising prices; the rising generation; a rising young politician.) crescente, nascente
    - late riser
    - give rise to
    - rise to the occasion
    * * *
    I [raɪz]
    1) (increase) (in amount, number) crescita f. (in di); (in inflation) crescita f., salita f. (in di); (in rates, prices) aumento m., rialzo m., incremento m. (in di); (in pressure, temperature) aumento m. (in di); (in standards) miglioramento m. (in di)
    2) BE (anche pay

    rise —, wage

    rise —) aumento m. salariale, di stipendio

    3) (progress) (of person) ascesa f.; (of company, empire) ascesa f., progresso m.; (of ideology) affermazione f.
    4) (slope) salita f.
    5) (hill) collina f., altura f.
    6) fig.

    to give rise to — dare origine o adito a [rumours, speculation]; suscitare [resentment, frustration]; causare [problem, unemployment]

    ••

    to get a rise out of sb. — colloq. fare uscire qcn. dai gangheri

    II [raɪz]
    verbo intransitivo (pass. rose; p.pass. risen)
    1) (become higher) [ water] salire (di livello); [price, temperature] aumentare, salire; [ voice] alzarsi

    to rise above — [temperature, amount] superare

    2) fig. (intensify) [ pressure] aumentare; [ tension] salire; [frustration, hopes] crescere
    3) (get up) [ person] alzarsi; (after falling) tirarsi su, rialzarsi

    "rise and shine!" — "sveglia!"

    to rise to — essere o mostrarsi all'altezza di [occasion, challenge]

    5) (progress) [ person] fare carriera, farsi una posizione

    to rise to — diventare [director, manager]

    6) (slope upwards) [ road] salire; [ cliff] elevarsi, ergersi
    7) (appear over horizon) [sun, moon] sorgere, spuntare
    8) geogr. (have source)

    to rise in — [ river] nascere in [ area]

    9) gastr. [ cake] lievitare
    10) amm. pol. [committee, parliament] sciogliersi, sospendere la seduta
    •

    English-Italian dictionary > rise

  • 19 rise

    1. past tense - rose; verb
    1) (to become greater, larger, higher etc; to increase: Food prices are still rising; His temperature rose; If the river rises much more, there will be a flood; Her voice rose to a scream; Bread rises when it is baked; His spirits rose at the good news.) rísa, hækka, stíga, lyftast
    2) (to move upwards: Smoke was rising from the chimney; The birds rose into the air; The curtain rose to reveal an empty stage.) stíga, lyftast; hefja sig til flugs
    3) (to get up from bed: He rises every morning at six o'clock.) fara á fætur
    4) (to stand up: The children all rose when the headmaster came in.) standa upp
    5) ((of the sun etc) to appear above the horizon: The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.) rísa
    6) (to slope upwards: Hills rose in the distance; The ground rises at this point.) rísa, hækka
    7) (to rebel: The people rose (up) in revolt against the dictator.) rísa upp gegn
    8) (to move to a higher rank, a more important position etc: He rose to the rank of colonel.) hækka í tign
    9) ((of a river) to begin or appear: The Rhône rises in the Alps.) eiga upptök sín
    10) ((of wind) to begin; to become stronger: Don't go out in the boat - the wind has risen.) magnast, aukast
    11) (to be built: Office blocks are rising all over the town.) rísa/byggjast upp
    12) (to come back to life: Jesus has risen.) rísa upp frá dauðum
    2. noun
    1) ((the) act of rising: He had a rapid rise to fame; a rise in prices.) hækkun, aukning
    2) (an increase in salary or wages: She asked her boss for a rise.) hækkun
    3) (a slope or hill: The house is just beyond the next rise.) hæð, hóll
    4) (the beginning and early development of something: the rise of the Roman Empire.) uppgangur
    •
    3. adjective
    the rising sun; rising prices; the rising generation; a rising young politician.) rísandi, upprennandi
    - late riser
    - give rise to
    - rise to the occasion

    English-Icelandic dictionary > rise

  • 20 rise

    magasabbra jutás, magaslat, emelkedés, ívmagasság to rise: duzzad, elnapol, fellázad, megdagad, fokozódik
    * * *
    1. past tense - rose; verb
    1) (to become greater, larger, higher etc; to increase: Food prices are still rising; His temperature rose; If the river rises much more, there will be a flood; Her voice rose to a scream; Bread rises when it is baked; His spirits rose at the good news.) (fel)emelkedik
    2) (to move upwards: Smoke was rising from the chimney; The birds rose into the air; The curtain rose to reveal an empty stage.) felszáll; felmegy
    3) (to get up from bed: He rises every morning at six o'clock.) felkel
    4) (to stand up: The children all rose when the headmaster came in.) feláll
    5) ((of the sun etc) to appear above the horizon: The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.) (fel)kel (égitest)
    6) (to slope upwards: Hills rose in the distance; The ground rises at this point.) emelkedik (út)
    7) (to rebel: The people rose (up) in revolt against the dictator.) fellázad
    8) (to move to a higher rank, a more important position etc: He rose to the rank of colonel.) előlép
    9) ((of a river) to begin or appear: The Rhône rises in the Alps.) ered
    10) ((of wind) to begin; to become stronger: Don't go out in the boat - the wind has risen.) feltámad (szél)
    11) (to be built: Office blocks are rising all over the town.) épül
    12) (to come back to life: Jesus has risen.) feltámad (halottaiból)
    2. noun
    1) ((the) act of rising: He had a rapid rise to fame; a rise in prices.) növekedés; (fel)emelkedés
    2) (an increase in salary or wages: She asked her boss for a rise.) fizetésemelés
    3) (a slope or hill: The house is just beyond the next rise.) lejtő
    4) (the beginning and early development of something: the rise of the Roman Empire.) tündöklés
    •
    3. adjective
    the rising sun; rising prices; the rising generation; a rising young politician.) felkelő; emelkedő; felnövő; a jövő (politikusa stb.)
    - late riser
    - give rise to
    - rise to the occasion

    English-Hungarian dictionary > rise

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