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本

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 夲 and 𠥽
本 U+672C, 本
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-672C
← 末
[U+672B] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 札 →
[U+672D]

Translingual

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Stroke order

Han character

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本 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+1, 5 strokes, Cangjie input 木一 (DM), four-corner 50230, composition ⿻木一)

Derived characters

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Additional Derived Characters

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 509, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14421
  • Dae Jaweon: page 891, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1151, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+672C

Further reading

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Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 本
alternative forms 夲

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 本
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (本) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
本 *pɯːnʔ
笨 *pɯːnʔ, *bɯːnʔ
苯 *pɯːnʔ
翉 *pʰɯːnʔ
体 *bɯːnʔ
鉢 *poːd
缽 *poːd

Ideogram (指事): a tree (木 (mù)) with its bottom highlighted with an extra stroke, accentuating the roots; contrast 末, 朱.

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *purl (“root; stump; tree”) (STEDT, under PTB *(b/p)ul). Cognate with Mizo bul (“cause; beginning; root; stump”), Jingpho phun (“tree; bush; stalk; wood”), Garo bol (“tree”).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • běnr - “capital, principal; book; script; classifier for books, plays, films”.
Note:
  • bong3/buong3 - literary;
  • buei3/buinn3 - vernacular.
Note:
  • Quanzhou, Jinjiang, and Taiwan:
    • pún - literary;
    • pńg - vernacular.
Note: beng2 - Jieyang.
    • (Leizhou)
      • Leizhou Pinyin: bung2 / bui2
      • Sinological IPA: /puŋ³¹/, /pui³¹/
Note:
  • bung2 - literary;
  • bui2 - vernacular.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 本
Mandarin Beijing /pən²¹⁴/
Harbin /pən²¹³/
Tianjin /pən¹³/
Jinan /pẽ⁵⁵/
Qingdao /pə̃⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /pən⁵³/
Xi'an /pẽ⁵³/
Xining /pə̃⁵³/
Yinchuan /pəŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /pə̃n⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /pɤŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /pən⁴²/
Chengdu /pən⁵³/
Guiyang /pen⁴²/
Kunming /pə̃⁵³/
Nanjing /pən²¹²/
Hefei /pən²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /pəŋ⁵³/
Pingyao /pəŋ⁵³/
Hohhot /pə̃ŋ⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /pəŋ³⁵/
Suzhou /pən⁵¹/
Hangzhou /pen⁵³/
Wenzhou /paŋ³⁵/
Hui Shexian /pʌ̃³⁵/
Tunxi /pɛ³¹/
Xiang Changsha /pən⁴¹/
Xiangtan /pən⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /pɨn²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /pun³¹/
Taoyuan /pun³¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /pun³⁵/
Nanning /pun³⁵/
Hong Kong /pun³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /pun⁵³/
/pŋ̍⁵³/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /puoŋ³²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /pɔŋ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /puŋ⁵³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ʔbun²¹³/
/ʔbui²¹³/
Rime
Character 本
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 魂 (55)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 布忖切
Baxter pwonX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/puənX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/puonX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/puənX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/pwənX/
Li
Rong 		/puənX/
Wang
Li 		/puənX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/puənX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		běn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		bun2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 本
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		běn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ pwonX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*C.pˁə[n]ʔ/
English tree trunk

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 本
Reading # 1/1
No. 473
Phonetic
component 		本
Rime
group 		文
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		本
Old
Chinese 		/*pɯːnʔ/

Definitions

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本

  1. (of plants) root; stem
  2. source; origin; root
    努力工作是成功之本。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
    Nǔlì gōngzuò shì chénggōng zhī běn. [Pinyin]
    Hard work is the ultimate source of success.
  3. foundation; basis
    謙遜是美德之本。 [MSC, trad.]
    谦逊是美德之本。 [MSC, simp.]
    Qiānxùn shì měidé zhī běn. [Pinyin]
    Humility is the foundation of all virtue.
  4. edition; version; copy
    標點本／标点本  ―  biāodiǎn běn  ―  punctuated edition
    宋本  ―  sòng běn  ―  Song-era edition
  5. originally; initially
  6. current; present
    本年  ―  běnnián  ―  current year
    本財政年度的全部投資預算已用完。 [MSC, trad.]
    本财政年度的全部投资预算已用完。 [MSC, simp.]
    Běn cáizhèng nián dù de quánbù tóuzī yùsuàn yǐ yòngwán. [Pinyin]
    We have already used up our total investment budget for the current fiscal year.
  7. this; here; this very
    本人  ―  běnrén  ―  I [lit. this person]
    戲精本精／戏精本精  ―  xìjīng běn jīng  ―  drama queen him/herself
    本函下面所示係Y先生的簽名。 [MSC, trad.]
    本函下面所示系Y先生的签名。 [MSC, simp.]
    Běn hán xiàmiàn suǒ shì xì Y xiānshēng de qiānmíng. [Pinyin]
    You will find the signature of Mr. Y. at the foot hereof.
  8. capital (money used in investment)
  9. Classifier for books, periodicals, files. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
    一本書／一本书  ―  yī běn shū  ―  a book
    一本雜誌／一本杂志  ―  yī běn zázhì  ―  a magazine
    一本冊／一本册 [Hokkien]  ―  chi̍t pún chheh [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  a book
  10. volume
  11. Used in certain name transliterations.
    1. a transliteration of the English male given name Ben
    2. a transliteration of the Arabic patronymic بِن (bin), bin
    3. a transliteration of the Hebrew patronymic בן, Ben
  12. (Korean Classical Chinese) ancestral seat of a descent group

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 本 (“(classifier for books)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 本
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 本
Taiwan 本
Chengde 本
Chifeng 本兒
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 本兒
Heihe 本
Qiqihar 本
Harbin 本
Jiamusi 本兒
Baicheng 本兒
Changchun 本兒
Tonghua 本兒
Shenyang 本兒
Jinzhou 本
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 本
Tangshan 本
Cangzhou 本兒
Baoding 本兒
Shijiazhuang 本
Lijin 本兒
Jinan 本兒
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 本兒
Dandong 本兒
Yantai 本
Yantai (Muping) 本
Qingdao 本兒
Zhucheng 本兒
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 本兒
Lingbao 本兒
Jining 本兒
Wanrong 本
Linfen 本兒
Shangqiu 本
Yuanyang 本兒
Zhengzhou 本兒
Xinyang 本
Baihe 本
Xi'an 本, 本兒
Baoji 本
Tianshui 本
Xining 本
Dunhuang (Hedong dialect) 本
Xuzhou 本
Fuyang 本
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 本
Lanzhou 本
Hami 本
Ürümqi 本, 本兒
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 本
Nanchong 本
Dazhou 本
Hanyuan 本
Xichang 本
Zigong 本
Chongqing 本
Wuhan 本
Yichang 本
Xiangyang 本
Tianmen 本
Guiyang 本
Zunyi 本
Bijie 本
Liping 本
Zhaotong 本
Dali 本
Kunming 本
Mengzi 本
Guilin 本
Liuzhou 本
Jishou 本
Changde 本
Hanzhong 本
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 本
Yangzhou 本
Lianyungang 本
Lianshui 本
Nantong 本
Anqing 本
Wuhu 本
Hefei 本
Hong'an 本
Cantonese Guangzhou 本, 部
Hong Kong 本
Dongguan 本
Gan Nanchang 本
Pengze 本
Lichuan 本
Pingxiang 本
Hakka Meixian 本
Huizhou Jixi 本
Shexian 本
Jin Taiyuan 本
Pingyao 本
Yangyuan 本兒
Datong 本
Xinzhou 本
Lüliang (Lishi) 本兒
Changzhi 本
Linhe 本
Jining 本兒
Hohhot 本
Erenhot 本
Pingshan 本兒
Zhangjiakou 本
Handan 本
Anyang 本兒
Linzhou 本
Suide 本兒
Northern Min Jian'ou 本
Eastern Min Fuzhou 本
Southern Min Xiamen 本
Quanzhou 本
Jinjiang 卷
Yongchun 卷
Zhangzhou 本
Manila (Hokkien) 本, 卷
Zhangping (Yongfu) 本
Leizhou 本
Haikou 本
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 本
Wu Shanghai 本
Shanghai (Chongming) 本
Suzhou 本
Danyang 本
Hangzhou 本
Shaoxing 本
Ningbo 本
Wenzhou 本
Jinhua 本
Xiang Changsha 本
Loudi 本
Hengyang 本
Dialectal synonyms of 本錢 (“capital”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 本錢
Northeastern Mandarin Harbin 本錢
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 本錢
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 本錢
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 本錢, 老本兒
Wanrong 本錢, 本兒
Xi'an 本錢
Xining 本錢, 老本
Xuzhou 老本兒, 本兒, 本錢
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 本錢, 老本
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 本錢, 本, 本兒
Wuhan 本錢, 本
Guiyang 本錢
Liuzhou 本錢, 老本
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 本錢, 老本
Yangzhou 本錢
Cantonese Guangzhou 本銀, 本
Hong Kong 本錢
Dongguan 本錢
Gan Lichuan 本錢, 老本
Pingxiang 本錢, 老本
Hakka Meixian 本錢
Yudu 本錢, 本腦
Huizhou Jixi 本錢
Jin Taiyuan 本錢
Xinzhou 本錢
Northern Min Jian'ou 本錢, 本
Eastern Min Fuzhou 本錢, 老本
Southern Min Xiamen 母本, 母錢, 母金, 老本, 本錢, 本
Quanzhou 母本, 母錢, 老本
Zhangzhou 母本, 母錢, 老本
Tainan 母錢 GT, 本錢 GT
Penang (Hokkien) 本錢
Manila (Hokkien) 本錢
Shantou 本錢
Haikou 本錢
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 本錢, 老本
Wu Shanghai 本鈿
Shanghai (Chongming) 本鈿
Suzhou 本鈿
Danyang 本錢, 老本
Hangzhou 本鈿
Ningbo 本鈿
Wenzhou 本錢
Jinhua 本錢
Xiang Changsha 本錢, 資本
Loudi 本錢, 老本

Antonyms

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (本):
  • → Japanese: 本(ほん) (hon)
  • → Okinawan: 本(ふん) (fun)
  • → Korean: 본(本) (bon)
  • → Vietnamese: bổn (本), bản (本)

Others:

Compounds

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Further reading

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Japanese

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Kanji

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本

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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  • Go-on: ほん (hon, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: ほん (hon, Jōyō)
  • Kun: もと (moto, 本, Jōyō)
  • Nanori: なり (nari)、はじめ (hajime)、もと (moto)

Compounds

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Derived terms

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
本
もと
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

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Counter

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本(もと) • (-moto) 

  1. blades of grass and tree trunks
  2. falcons

Noun

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本(もと) • (moto)  (counter 個)

  1. alternative form of 元

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
本
ほん
Grade: 1
on'yomi

    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): [hõ̞ɴ]
    • Audio:(file)
    • (Tokyo) ほん [hóꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]

    Counter

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    本(ほん) • (-hon) 

    1. long cylindrical things such as glasses of drink, pairs of jeans, pens or trains and buses
    2. films or TV shows
    3. home runs or goals
    4. rounds of a match in boxing, wrestling or judo
    See also
    [edit]
    v • d • e
    Japanese counter/suffix: 本 (ほん, hon, “long cylindrical objects”)
    NumberKanjiKanaRomaji
    1一本いっぽんippon
    2二本にほんnihon
    3三本さんぼんsanbon
    4四本よんほんyonhon
    5五本ごほんgohon
    6六本ろっぽんroppon
    7七本ななほんnanahon
    8八本はっぽん, はちほんhappon, hachihon
    9九本きゅうほんkyūhon
    10十本じっぽん, じゅっぽんjippon, juppon
    11十一本じゅういっぽんjūippon
    12十二本じゅうにほんjūnihon
    13十三本じゅうさんぼんjūsanbon
    20二十本にじっぽん, にじゅっぽんnijippon, nijuppon
    21二十一本にじゅういっぽんnijūippon
    100百本ひゃっぽん, ひゃくほんhyappon, hyakuhon
    1,000千本, 一千本せんぼん, いっせんぼんsenbon, issenbon
    10,000一万本いちまんぼんichimanbon
    100,000,000一億本いちおくほんichiokuhon
    0０本, 零本ゼロほん, れいほんzerohon, reihon
    ?何本なんぼん, なんほんnanbon, nanhon

    Noun

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    本(ほん) • (hon)  (counter 冊)

    1. a book
      本(ほん)を読(よ)む
      hon o yomu
      to read a book
    2. a script; a scenario
    3. source; origin; root

    Prefix

    [edit]

    本(ほん) • (hon-) 

    1. current, this, the matter in question
      本(ほん)大(たい)会(かい) ― hontaikai ― this event; today’s competition
    2. original, actual, base
      本(ほん)山葵(わさび) ― honwasabi ― real wasabi (as opposed to horseradish or other substitutes)
      本(ほん)大(だい)臣(じん) ― hondaijin ― the cabinet member (on whose behalf a proxy speaks)

    References

    [edit]
    1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean

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    Etymology

    [edit]

    From Middle Chinese 本 (MC pwonX). Recorded as Middle Korean 본 (pwon) (Yale: pwon) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

    Hanja

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    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    本 (eumhun 근본 본 (geunbon bon))

    1. hanja form? of 본 (“root; basis; foundation; stem”)
    2. hanja form? of 본 (“source; origin”)
    3. hanja form? of 본 (“main; primary; principal”)
    4. hanja form? of 본 (“mind; nature; essence; true self”)
    5. hanja form? of 본 (“ancestor; fatherland; hometown”)
    6. hanja form? of 본 (“counter for books; book; publication”)
    7. hanja form? of 본 (“model; version”)
    8. hanja form? of 본 (“this; this very”)
    9. hanja form? of 본 (“(finance) principal”)

    Compounds

    [edit]
    Compounds

    References

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    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

    Okinawan

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    Kanji

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    本

    (First grade kyōiku kanji)

    Readings

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    Compounds

    [edit]

    Etymology 1

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    Kanji in this term
    本
    むとぅ
    Grade: 1
    kun'yomi

    Noun

    [edit]

    本(むとぅ) (mutu)  (counter 個)

    1. alternative form of 元

    Etymology 2

    [edit]
    Kanji in this term
    本
    ふん
    Grade: 1
    on'yomi

    Counter

    [edit]

    本(ふん) (-fun) 

    1. long cylindrical things such as glasses of drink, pairs of jeans, pens or trains and buses
      くぬ二(に)本(ふの)ぉ芯(しん)ぬ折(をぅー)りやっさん。
      Kunu nifunō shin-nu wūriyassan.
      The lead in these 2 is easy to break.
    2. films or TV shows
    3. home runs or goals
    4. rounds of a match in boxing, wrestling or judo

    Old Japanese

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    Etymology

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    From Middle Chinese 本 (MC pwonX).

    Phonogram

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    本 (po1)

    1. Denotes phonographic syllable po1.
      • 711–712, Kojiki:
        本那迦迩多知弖
        po1-naka ni tat-i-t-e
        ...stands in the middle of the fire...

    Further reading

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    Tày

    [edit]

    Noun

    [edit]

    本 (bản)

    1. Nôm form of bản (“village”).
      𱐍略本押伴略𫶾
      Dú lược bản, cáp bạn lược cần
      If you want to live, choose a place; if you want to make friends, choose people
      本眉官栈眉棟
      Bản mì quan, chàn mì toỏng
      Every village has a leader, every floor has pillars

    References

    [edit]
    • Dương Nhật Thanh; Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003), Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎[3] (in Tày and Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học xã hội [Social Sciences Publishing House]

    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    本: Hán Việt readings: bổn (布(bố)忖(thỗn)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4], bản[1][5]
    本: Nôm readings: vốn[1][2][5][6][3][4][7], bộn[1][5][6][3][4][7], bổn[2][5][3][7], bủn[6][3][4][7], bốn[1][2][5], vỏn[5][6][3], bỏn[5][4][7], bản[1][2], vón[1], bọn[4]

    1. chữ Hán form of bản (“basis; origin”)
    2. chữ Hán form of bổn (“basis; origin”)
    3. chữ Nôm form of bốn (“four”)
    4. chữ Nôm form of vón (“to clot”)
    5. chữ Nôm form of vốn (“capital; bond; fund”)

    Compounds

    [edit]

    References

    [edit]
    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Nguyễn (2014).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Bonet (1899).
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Génibrel (1898).
    5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Trần (2004).
    6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Hồ (1976).
    7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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