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句

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 可, 旬, and 勾
句 U+53E5, 句
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-53E5
← 古
[U+53E4] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 另 →
[U+53E6]
句 U+F906, 句
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F906
← 串
[U+F905] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 龜 →
[U+F907]

Translingual

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Stroke order
5 strokes

Han character

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句 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+2, 5 strokes, Cangjie input 心口 (PR), four-corner 27620, composition ⿹勹口)

  1. Shuowen Jiezi radical number 51.

Derived characters

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Additional derived characters

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 171, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3234
  • Dae Jaweon: page 382, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 571, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+53E5

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 句
alternative forms 勾
𠯶
𤖮

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 句
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (句) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
勾 *koː, *koːs
鉤 *koː
鴝 *koː, *ɡo
句 *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo
夠 *koː, *koːs, *kʰoː
枸 *koː, *koːʔ, *koʔ
軥 *koː, *koːs, *ɡo
狗 *koːʔ
苟 *koːʔ
岣 *koːʔ, *ko
笱 *koːʔ
玽 *koːʔ
耇 *koːʔ
豿 *koːʔ, *qʰroːɡ
敂 *koːʔ
怐 *koːs, *kʰoːs, *qʰoːs, *kos
雊 *koːs
竘 *kʰoːʔ, *kʰoʔ
齁 *qʰoː
呴 *qʰoːʔ, *qʰos
蚼 *qʰoːʔ, *ɡo
豞 *qʰoːs
訽 *qʰoːs, *ɡoːs
佝 *qʰoːs
拘 *ko
駒 *ko
眗 *ko
跔 *ko
鮈 *ko
痀 *ko
蒟 *koʔ, *kos
絇 *kos, *ɡo
邭 *kos
劬 *ɡo
朐 *ɡo
鼩 *ɡo
斪 *ɡo
翑 *ɡo
葋 *ɡo
姁 *ɡo, *qʰo, *qʰoʔ, *qʰos
欨 *qʰo, *qʰoʔ
喣 *qʰoʔ
煦 *qʰoʔ, *qʰos
昫 *qʰos

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo): semantic 丩 (“to entangle”) + phonetic 口 (OC *kʰoːʔ), which may represent the tip of a big nail.

The 丩 component, originally two entangled ropes, now resembles the unrelated 勹.

Pronunciation 1

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Note:
  • gu4 - vernacular;
  • gy4 - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 句
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕy⁵¹/
Harbin /t͡ɕy⁵³/
Tianjin /t͡ɕy⁵³/
Jinan /t͡ɕy²¹/
Qingdao /t͡ɕy⁴²/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕy³¹²/
Xi'an /t͡ɕy⁴⁴/
Xining /t͡ɕy²¹³/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕy¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕy¹³/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕy²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡ɕy³⁵/
Chengdu /t͡ɕy¹³/
Guiyang /t͡ɕi²¹³/
Kunming /t͡ɕi²¹²/
Nanjing /t͡ɕy⁴⁴/
Hefei /t͡sz̩ʷ⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕy⁴⁵/
Pingyao /t͡ɕy³⁵/
Hohhot /t͡ɕy⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕy³⁵/
Suzhou /t͡ɕy⁵¹³/
Hangzhou /t͡sz̩ʷ⁴⁴⁵/
Wenzhou /t͡ɕy⁴²/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕy³²⁴/
Tunxi /t͡ɕy⁴²/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕy⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕy⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕy⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /ki⁵³/
Taoyuan /ki⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /køy³³/
Nanning /ky³³/
Hong Kong /køy³³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /ku²¹/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kuɔ²¹²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ky³³/
Shantou (Teochew) /ku²¹³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ku³⁵/
Rime
Character 句
Reading # 3/4
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 虞 (24)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 九遇切
Baxter kjuH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kɨoH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kioH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kioH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kuə̆H/
Li
Rong 		/kioH/
Wang
Li 		/kĭuH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ki̯uH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jù
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		geoi3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 句
Reading # 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jù
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kjuH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[k](r)o-s/
English phrase

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 句
Reading # 3/4
No. 7102
Phonetic
component 		句
Rime
group 		侯
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		屨
Old
Chinese 		/*kos/
Notes 朱駿聲從丩口聲

Definitions

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句

  1. sentence; phrase
  2. Classifier for sentences.
    他一共也沒說幾句話。 [MSC, trad.]
    他一共也没说几句话。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā yīgòng yě méi shuō jǐ jù huà. [Pinyin]
    He didn't say much. [lit. He didn't say many sentences.]
    一句「多謝」都冇 [Cantonese, trad.]
    一句「多谢」都冇 [Cantonese, simp.]
    jat1 geoi3 “do1 ze6” dou1 mou5 [Jyutping]
    without even a word of "thank you"
  3. (Cantonese; formal in Hong Kong) Classifier for hours.
Synonyms
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Compounds

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Pronunciation 2

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Rime
Character 句
Reading # 2/4
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 侯 (137)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古侯切
Baxter kuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kəu/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kəu/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kəu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kəw/
Li
Rong 		/ku/
Wang
Li 		/kəu/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/kə̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		gōu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gau1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 句
Reading # 1/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		gōu
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kuw ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[k]ˁ(r)o/
English curved

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 句
Reading # 1/4
No. 7064
Phonetic
component 		句
Rime
group 		侯
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		鉤
Old
Chinese 		/*koː/

Definitions

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句

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to bend; to curve
  2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 鉤 / 钩 (gōu, “hook”)
  3. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to be polite and modest
  4. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to arrest; to capture
  5. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to examine
  6. (historical geometry) alternative form of 勾 (“the shorter leg of a right triangle”)
  7. a surname
Coordinate terms
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  • (geometry): 股 (gǔ)

Compounds

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Pronunciation 3

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Rime
Character 句
Reading # 4/4
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 侯 (137)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古候切
Baxter kuwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kəuH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kəuH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kəuH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kəwH/
Li
Rong 		/kuH/
Wang
Li 		/kəuH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/kə̯uH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		gòu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gau3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 句
Reading # 2/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		gòu
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kuwH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[k]ˁ(r)ok-s/
English loan for 彀 draw a bow to the full

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 句
Reading # 2/4
No. 7079
Phonetic
component 		句
Rime
group 		侯
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		遘
Old
Chinese 		/*koːs/

Definitions

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句

  1. used in 句當／句当, alternative form of 勾當 / 勾当
  2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 彀 (gòu, “to draw a bow”)
  3. a surname

Pronunciation 4

[edit]
Rime
Character 句
Reading # 1/4
Initial (聲) 群 (30)
Final (韻) 虞 (24)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 其俱切
Baxter gju
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɡɨo/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɡio/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɡio/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/guə̆/
Li
Rong 		/ɡio/
Wang
Li 		/ɡĭu/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/gi̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		qú
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		keoi4
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 句
Reading # 4/4
No. 7108
Phonetic
component 		句
Rime
group 		侯
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		衢
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡo/

Definitions

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句

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 絇 / 𰬆 (jù, “a kind of shoe ornament or decoration”)

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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句

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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  • Go-on: く (ku, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: く (ku, Jōyō)、こう (kō)
  • Nanori: すく (suku)

Compounds

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term
句
く
Grade: 5
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 句 (kjuH, “phrase”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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句(く) • (ku) 

  1. a short section from a longer text:
    1. a phrase or clause
    2. a sentence or line
    3. a passage or paragraph
    4. a verse from a song
    5. a stanza from a poem

Usage notes

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  • When appended as a productive suffix to a freestanding word to form linguistic or literary terminology (such as 名詞句 (meishiku) or 動詞句 (dōshiku)), this term loses its inherent head‐high pitch and dictates that the new pitch drop must fall on the last independent mora (自立拍 (jiritsu haku, “independent mora”)) of the preceding word.
    For example, combining the independent word アクセント (akusento) with 句 yields アクセント句 (akusento-ku), shifting the accent nucleus to the fifth mora (アクセントく).
  • This suffixing rule does not apply to standard two‐kanji Sino‐Japanese compounds (二字熟語 (niji jukugo)), where the first element is a bound morpheme rather than a freestanding word. These deeply fused compounds maintain their own lexical accent patterns, which are frequently accentless (such as 楽句 (gakku, “musical phrase”) or 俳句 (haiku, “haiku”)). It also does not apply to idiomatic derivations (such as 挙げ句 (ageku, “in the end”)).

Counter

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句(く) • (-ku) 

  1. counter for stanzas from a poem or for haiku

References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

句 (eumhun 글귀 구 (geulgwi gu))

  1. hanja form? of 구 (“sentence; phrase”)

Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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句: Hán Việt readings: câu[1][2][3], cú[1][2][4][3], cấu[1][2]

  1. chữ Hán form of câu (“sentence, expression, line”)
  2. chữ Hán form of cú (“sentence, expression, line”)

Compounds

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References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Thiều Chửu (1942).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn (1974).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (1999).
  4. ^ Hồ (1976).
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