Economy of Solomon Islands
 downtown Honiara | |
| Statistics | |
|---|---|
| GDP | |
| GDP rank | |
GDP per capita | |
GDP per capita rank | |
| 2.664% (2018)[2] | |
All values, unless otherwise stated, are in US dollars. | |
A per capita GDP of $3,200 ranks Solomon Islands as a lesser developed nation.[5][6] Over 75% of its labour force is engaged in subsistence farming and fishing.
Economic history
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Until 1998, when world prices for tropical timber fell steeply, timber was Solomon Islands main export product. In recent years, Solomon Islands forests were dangerously overexploited.
Solomon Islands was particularly hard hit by the Asian financial crisis even before the ethnic violence of June 2000. The Asian Development Bank estimates that the crash of the market for tropical timber reduced Solomon Island's GDP by between 15%-25%. About one-half of all jobs in the timber industry were lost. The government has said it will reform timber harvesting policies with the aim of resuming logging on a more sustainable basis.
In the wake of the ethnic violence in June 2000, exports of palm oil and gold ceased while exports of timber fell.
Economic sectors
[edit]Cash crops
[edit]Important cash crops and exports include copra and palm oil.
Gold
[edit]In 1998 gold production began at Gold Ridge on Guadalcanal.
Fishing
[edit]Exploitation of Solomon Islands' rich fisheries offers the best prospect for further export and domestic economic expansion. A Japanese joint venture, Solomon Taiyo Ltd., which operated the only fish cannery in the country, closed in mid-2000 as a result of the ethnic disturbances. Though the plant has reopened under local management, the export of tuna has resume now but under Soltuna and NFD.
Tourism
[edit]In 2017, Solomon Islands was one of the least frequently visited countries in the world, with only 26,000 tourists. Tourism income in 2016 and 2017 was about Int'l$ 1.6 million (international dollars). Tourism is a potentially significant service industry but growth is hampered by the lack of infrastructure, transportation limitations and security concerns. Scuba diving and World War II history are two major tourist attractions.[7] Archived 2020-06-10 at the Wayback Machine Archived 2024-05-23 at the Wayback Machine.
Healthcare
[edit]The Human Rights Measurement Initiative[8] finds that the Solomon Islands is fulfilling 78.8% of what it should be fulfilling for the right to health based on its level of income.[9] When looking at the right to health with respect to children, the Solomon Islands achieves 100.0% of what is expected based on its current income.[9] In regards to the right to health amongst the adult population, the country achieves 97.6% of what is expected based on the nation's level of income.[9] Solomon Islands falls into the "very bad" category when evaluating the right to reproductive health because the nation is fulfilling only 38.9% of what the nation is expected to achieve based on the resources (income) it has available.[9]
Female life expectancy at birth was at 66.7 years and male life expectancy at birth at 64.9 in 2007.[10] 1990–1995 fertility rate was at 5.5 births per woman.[10] Government expenditure on health per capita was at US$99 (PPP).[10] Healthy life expectancy at birth is at 60 years.[10]
Blond hair occurs in 10% of the population in the islands.[11] After years of questions, studies have resulted in the better understanding of the blond gene. The findings show that the blond hair trait is due to an amino acid change of protein TYRP1.[12] This accounts for the highest occurrence of blond hair outside of European influence in the world.[13] While 10% of Solomon Islanders display the blond phenotype, about 26% of the population carry the recessive trait for it as well.[14]
Infrastructure
[edit]Energy
[edit]A team of renewable energy developers working for the Pacific Islands Applied Geoscience Commission (SOPAC) and funded by the Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Partnership (REEEP), have hatched a scheme that enables these communities to access renewable energy, such as solar, without raising substantial sums of ready cash. If the islanders were not able to pay for solar lanterns with cash, reasoned the project developers, they can pay with crops.[15]
Electricity - production: 78 GWh (2008 est.)
Electricity - consumption: 72.54 GWh (2008 est.)
Electricity - exports: 0 kWh (2009)
Electricity - imports: 0 kWh (2009)
Transport
[edit]Most internal transport in Solomon Islands is conducted through boat travel between islands. Road transport infrastructure is rudimentary, with few paved roads.
The state of the country's transportation infrastructure has been a priority for a number of international development projects. In 2018, the Asian Development Bank began a comprehensive Land and Maritime Connectivity Project in the islands, to provide long term support to the country's transportation infrastructure.[16][17] After commuters complained about poor public bus services in the capital city,[18] in 2025, the Japan International Cooperation Agency launched the Capacity Improvement of Urban Transport Management Project in Honiara, to establish a safe and convenient bus system for the city's residents.[19] In June 2025, the Australian government committed SBD 60 million to upgrade the country's road infrastructure.[20]
Telecommunications
[edit]Foreign aid
[edit]Since 2000 the Solomon Islands government has become increasingly insolvent. It has exhausted its borrowing capacity; in 2001 the deficit reached 8% of GDP. It is unable to meet bi-weekly payrolls and has become extraordinarily dependent on funds from foreign aid accounts, which provided an estimated 50% of government expenditure in 2001. Principal aid donors are Australia $247 Million per year (2006), New Zealand $14 Million per year (2004), the European Union, Japan $40 Million per year (2005), and the Republic of China (Taiwan) at least $20 Million per year .
Solomon Islands is a member of the WTO.
Statistics
[edit]
The following table shows the main economic indicators in 1980–2017.[21]
| Year | GDP
(in bil. US$ PPP) |
GDP per capita
(in US$ PPP) |
GDP
(in bil. US$ nominal) |
GDP growth (real) |
Inflation (in Percent) |
Government debt (Percentage of GDP) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1980 | 0.19 | 803 | 0.18 | −2.7 % | 8.3 % | ... |
| 1985 | 0.23 | 858 | 0.17 | −3.1 % | 9.4 % | ... |
| 1990 | 0.32 | 1,015 | 0.22 | 2.2 % | 8.7 % | ... |
| 1995 | 0.53 | 1,469 | 0.47 | 10.1 % | 9.6 % | ... |
| 2000 | 0.50 | 1,211 | 0.42 | −14.3 % | 6.9 % | ... |
| 2005 | 0.65 | 1,389 | 0.48 | 12.9 % | 7.5 % | 53 % |
| 2006 | 0.70 | 1,454 | 0.54 | 4.0 % | 11.2 % | 48 % |
| 2007 | 0.76 | 1,551 | 0.62 | 6.4 % | 7.7 % | 44 % |
| 2008 | 0.83 | 1,656 | 0.70 | 7.1 % | 17.3 % | 35 % |
| 2009 | 0.80 | 1,553 | 0.74 | −4.7 % | 7.1 % | 34 % |
| 2010 | 0.87 | 1,643 | 0.85 | 6.8 % | 1.0 % | 29 % |
| 2011 | 1.00 | 1,858 | 1.05 | 13.2 % | 7.4 % | 21 % |
| 2012 | 1.06 | 1,937 | 1.19 | 4.6 % | 5.9 % | 17 % |
| 2013 | 1.11 | 1,982 | 1.29 | 3.0 % | 5.4 % | 15 % |
| 2014 | 1.16 | 2,017 | 1.34 | 2.3 % | 5.2 % | 13 % |
| 2015 | 1.20 | 2,046 | 1.31 | 2.5 % | −0.6 % | 10 % |
| 2016 | 1.26 | 2,097 | 1.38 | 3.5 % | 0.5 % | 8 % |
| 2017 | 1.32 | 2,157 | 1.47 | 3.2 % | −0.4 % | 10 % |
Foreign Government Aid as a % of GDP: 40.125% (2006 est.)
GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $3,200 (2011 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 37.7%
industry: 6.4%
services: 55.9% (2011 est.)
Population below poverty line: NA%
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%:
NA%
highest 10%:
NA%
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 10% (1999 est.)
Labor force: 202,500 (2007)
Labor force - by occupation: agriculture 75%, industry 5%, services 20% (2000 est.)
Unemployment rate: NA%
Budget:
revenues: $313.1 million
expenditures: $261.7 million, including capital expenditures of $0 (2011 est.)
Industries: fish (tuna), mining, timber
Industrial production growth rate: NA%
Agriculture - products: cocoa, coconuts, palm kernels, rice, potatoes, vegetables, fruit; cattle, pigs; fish; timber
Exports: $216.5 million (2010 est.)
Exports - commodities: timber, fish, palm oil, cocoa, copra
Exports - partners: China 54%, Australia 12.5%, Thailand 4.6% (2011)
Imports: $360.3 million (2010 est.)
Imports - commodities: food, plant and equipment, manufactured goods, fuels, chemicals
Imports - partners: Australia 27.3%, Singapore 26.4%, China 6.5%, Malaysia 5.1%, New Zealand 5.1% (2011)
Debt - external: $166 million (2004)
Currency: 1 Solomon Islands dollar (SI$) = 100 cents
Exchange rates: Solomon Islands dollars (SI$) per US$1 – 7.833 (January 2017)
Fiscal year: calendar year
References
[edit]- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "IMF DataMapper: Solomon Islands". International Monetary Fund. 2025. Retrieved 28 July 2025.
- ↑ "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 21 October 2019.
- ↑ "Human Development Index (HDI)". hdr.undp.org. HDRO (Human Development Report Office) United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
- ↑ "Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI)". hdr.undp.org. HDRO (Human Development Report Office) United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
- ↑ The Case for a Legislative Budget Office in the Solomon Islands. Social Science Research Network (SSRN). Accessed 18 July 2017.
- ↑ Solomon Islands: Case for Legislative Budget Office. Development Policy Institute (Devpolicy). Accessed 18 July 2017.
- ↑ "Keine Lust auf Massentourismus? Studie: Die Länder mit den wenigsten Urlaubern der Welt". 10 September 2018.
- ↑ "Human Rights Measurement Initiative – The first global initiative to track the human rights performance of countries". humanrightsmeasurement.org. Retrieved 27 March 2022.
- 1 2 3 4 "Solomon Islands - HRMI Rights Tracker". rightstracker.org. Archived from the original on 24 March 2022. Retrieved 27 March 2022.
- 1 2 3 4 Human Development Report 2009 – Solomon Islands Archived 15 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Hdrstats.undp.org. Retrieved 24 September 2010.
- ↑ Loury, Ellen (7 May 2012). "Blond Afro Gene Study Suggests Hair Color Trait Evolved at Least Twice". Huffington Post. Retrieved 3 December 2014.
- ↑ Kenny EE; et al. (4 May 2012). "Melanesian Blond Hair is Caused by an Amino Acid Change in TYRP1". Science. 336 (6081): 554. Bibcode:2012Sci...336..554K. doi:10.1126/science.1217849. PMC 3481182. PMID 22556244.
- ↑ Norton HL; et al. (June 2006). "Skin and Hair Pigmentation Variation in Island Melanesia". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 130 (2): 254–268. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20343. PMID 16374866.
- ↑ Loury, Erin (3 May 2012). "The Origin of Blond Afro in Melanesia". AAAS. Retrieved 4 December 2014.
- ↑ "News Archives". Archived from the original on 9 January 2014. Retrieved 15 April 2009.
- ↑ "ADB-Supported Project Boosts Resilience of Land, Maritime Transport Networks in Solomon Islands". www.adb.org. 21 October 2024. Retrieved 27 June 2025.
- ↑ "ADB, Solomon Islands Sign Grant for Facility to Improve Transport Projects". www.adb.org. 25 October 2018. Retrieved 27 June 2025.
- ↑ "Poor public transport services". Solomon Star News. 3 November 2022. Retrieved 27 June 2025.
- ↑ Mamu, Moffat (22 March 2025). "Ongoing consultations underway for improvement of urban transport". Solomon Star News. Retrieved 27 June 2025.
- ↑ "Australia provides SBD60 million to support roads upgrade in Solomon Islands - Solomon Islands Broadcasting Corporation (SIBC)". 26 June 2025. Retrieved 27 June 2025.
- ↑ "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects". Retrieved 10 September 2018.
