2026 Strait of Hormuz crisis
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The 2026 Strait of Hormuz crisis is a conflict that is currently going on in the Middle East. It began on February 28, 2026. The crisis began when Israel and United States had a surprise military attack on Iran known as Operation Epic Fury, or the 2026 Iran war.
In such attacks, a number of Iranian leaders were killed such as the Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei. Iran reacted by blocking the shipping with its military in the Strait of Hormuz, a very thin waterway that is highly significant in the oil supply of the world.
The Iranian military is stopping (as of the first week of May), many ships from going through the Strait of Hormuz.[12] Some ships have been attacked. Iran has been shooting at some ships that have tried to go through the strait; Iran says that all ships must get permission (from Iranian authorities, to go through the strait); Some ships have been detained.[13] However, the Law of the Sea Treaty gives rights for ships, so that they can go through the strait.
The U.S. military is stopping (as of the first week of May), many ships from going to or from, the Strait of Hormuz.[14] At least one ship has been detained.[15]
About 2,000 ships are stranded in (, or can not leave) the Persian Gulf, as of April; About 20,000 people are working onboard those ships.[16]
Start Of The Crisis
[change | change source]On February 28, 2026, a huge military operation known as Operation Epic Fury provoked the 2026 Strait of Hormuz Crisis. It was a collaborative air attack between Israel and the United States that attacked more than 900 targets in Iran which included the nuclear facilities, military leadership centers, and missile production facilities. First strikes killed the Supreme Leader of Iran, Ali Khamenei and numerous high ranking officials. Iran responded immediately by having the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) declare the Strait of Hormuz a dead zone and started attacking merchant vessels to halt international trade.[17][18][19][20]
List of ships attacked by Iran
[change | change source]Ships have been attacked, as late as the first week of May;[21][22] More than 30 ships have been attacked by Iran.
| Name | Flag | Type | Result | Date | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HMM Namu | Cargo ship | Damaged | May 4 | [21] | |
| Barakah | Oil tanker | Damaged | May 3 | [23] | |
| Unknown | Bulk carrier | Unknown | May 3 | [24] | |
| Euphoria | Container ship | Unharmed | April 22 | [25][26] | |
| MSC Francesca | Container ship | Captured | April 22 | [25] | |
| Epaminondas | Container ship | Captured | April 22 | [25] | |
| Mein Schiff 4 | Cruise ship | Unharmed and escaped with 5 other cruise ships | April 18 | [27][28] | |
| CMA CGM Everglade | Container ship | Damaged | April 18 | [29][30] | |
| Sanmar Herald | Tanker | Unharmed | April 18 | [29][31]
| |
| MSC Ishyka[a] | Container ship | Unknown | April 4 | [32][33] | |
| Aqua 1 | Oil tanker | Damaged | April 1 | [34] | |
| Al Salmi | Oil tanker | Damaged | March 31 | [35] | |
| Express Rome | Container ship | Unharmed | March 30 | [36] | |
| Unknown | N/A | Bulk carrier | Unknown | March 21 | [37] |
| Halul 69 | Offshore vessel | Minor damage | March 19 | [21] | |
| Parimal | Chemical tanker | Abandoned; captain missing | March 18 | [38][21] | |
| Gas Al Ahmadiah | Tanker | Minor damage | March 17 | [39] | |
| Source Blessing | Container ship | Minor damage | March 12 | [40] | |
| Zefyros | Oil tanker | Set ablaze; abandoned | March 11 | [41] | |
| Safesea Vishnu | Oil tanker | Set ablaze; abandoned; 1 crew killed | March 11 | [41][42] | |
| Express Rome[a] | Container ship | Unknown | March 11 | [43] | |
| Star Gwyneth | Bulk carrier | Damaged | March 11 | [44] | |
| One Majesty | Container ship | Minor damage | March 11 | [45] | |
| MV Mayuree Naree | Bulk carrier | Aground; 3 crew killed | March 11 | [45][46][47] | |
| Unknown | N/A | Bulk carrier | Unharmed | March 10 | [48] |
| Louis P[a] | Oil tanker | Unknown | March 7 | [49] | |
| Prima[a] | Oil/chemical tanker | Unknown | March 7 | [50] | |
| Mussafah 2 | Tugboat | Sank; 4 crew dead | March 6 | [51][52][53] | |
| Sonangol Namibe | Oil tanker | Damaged | March 4 | [54]
| |
| Safeen Prestige | Container ship | Abandoned | March 4 | [55] | |
| MSC Grace | Container ship | Unharmed | March 4 | [56] | |
| Libra Trader | Crude oil tanker | Minor damage | March 3 | [56][57]
| |
| Pelagia | Bulk carrier | Unharmed | March 3 | [58] | |
| Gold Oak | Bulk carrier | Minor damage | March 2 | [56][57] | |
| Athe Nova | Bitumen tanker | Damaged | March 2 | [59]
| |
| Stena Imperative | Products tanker | Damaged | March 2 | [60] | |
| LCT Ayeh | Oil tanker | Damaged | March 1 to March 2 | [61][62] | |
| Ocean Electra | Tanker | Minor damage | March 1 | [63] | |
| MT Hercules Star | Oil tanker | Minor damage | March 1 | [64] | |
| Sea La Donna[b] | Oil/chemical tanker | Unknown | March 1 | [65] | |
| MKD VYOM | Oil tanker | Abandoned; 1 crew killed | March 1 | [66][67] | |
| MT Skylight | Oil tanker | Abandoned; 2 crew killed, including captain | March 1 | [68][69][70] |
List of ships attacked by the U.S.
[change | change source]Ships have been attacked, as late as the fourth week of April. At least 9 ships have been attacked by the United States.
| Name | Flag | Type | Result | Date | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M/V Sevan | Propane and butane carrier | Forced back to Iranian port, after capture; The ship had been taken in the Arabian Sea by a helicopter with a U.S. destroyer. | April 25 | [71] | |
| Unknown | Oil tanker | Captured; Intercepted in the Persian Gulf by a destroyer, according to a U.S. authority. | April 24 | [72] | |
| M/T Majestic X | Oil tanker | Captured; Intercepted in the Indian Ocean. | April 22 | [74] | |
| Tifani | Supertanker | Captured; Intercepted in the Indian Ocean. | April 21 | [76] | |
| Derya | Oil tanker | Captured; Intercepted off western India. | April | [77] | |
| Sevin | Oil tanker | Captured; Intercepted off Malaysia. | April | [78] | |
| Dorena | Supertanker | Captured; Intercepted off southern India. | April 20 | [79][80]
| |
| Touska | April 19 | [81] | |||
| Deep Sea | Oil tanker | Captured; Intercepted off Malaysia. | April | [82] | |
| IRIS Dena | Iranian Navy frigate | Sunk; Torpedoed by the USS Charlotte off Sri Lanka after finishing exercises; Exercises done with the Indian Navy. 238 Iranian sailors killed, 32 rescued. | April 4 | [83] |
The "War Of Blockades"
[change | change source]By April 2026, the war had become a two-way blockade:
- Iranian Counter-Blockade: Iran used sea mines, "kamikaze" drones, and fast-attack boats to stop vessels. The IRGC also introduced a controlled passage system whereby they charged a toll of more than 1 million gold per vessel to pass through the tight chokepoint.[84]
- U.S. Operation Economic Fury: On April 12, the negotiations between the two countries broke down, President Donald Trump declared a complete naval blockade of all Iranian ports and coastal waters, which would begin April 13, 2026. According to U.S. Central Command, the blockade was effective in stopping almost all Iranian maritime trade, which eliminated about 435 million of daily Iranian economic activity.[85][86][87][88]
Status
[change | change source]In a temporary ceasefire in Lebanon, Iran declared that it would completely reopen the Strait to commercial shipping on April 17, 2026. President Trump however, made it clear that the U.S. blockade of Iranian ports would not be lifted.[89][90][91][92]
Subsequently, Iran on April 18, 2026, changed its mind and reclosed the Strait. The IRGC said that the waterway would be under strict management until the U.S. ends its blockade. The same day, Iranian gunboats are said to have fired at a tanker and an Indian flagged ship transporting crude oil causing the ships to reverse.[93][94][95]
Main Events
[change | change source]- February 28, 2026: The U.S and Israeli airstrikes hit Iran. Iran started to assault tankers off the Strait.
- March 1- 2, 2026: Traffic in the Strait reduced to zero. Big corporations such as Maersk and Hapag-Lloyd denied their vessels the entry to the region.
- March 9, 2026: U.S President Donald Trump declared his intention to put the Strait under the trial of the US military to ensure that it remains open.
- March 19, 2026: The U.S and its allies initiated a military operation to sweep in the waterway to sweep the mines and secure the ships.
Blockade Tactics
[change | change source]To maintain the waterway blocked, Iran has employed "hybrid warfare":[96]
- Kinetic Attacks: Use of fast boats, anti-ship missiles, and drone swarms.
- Sea Mines: Thousands of underwater bombs were planted by Iran. The U.S. Navy started clearing the mines with warships and underwater drones on April 11.
- Electronic Warfare: There have been extensive cases of GPS spoofing and jamming to confuse ships in which some of the ships have been grounded.
- Economic Tolls: The transits charge up to $1 million to pass their friendlies.
Global Economic and Humanitarian Impact
[change | change source]The most serious world oil market supply shock in history is due to the crisis:
- Energy and Fuel: In March, oil prices went to highs of 126 per barrel, the highest monthly rise in history. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA) the situation was the greatest supply disruption in history.
- Logistics: The largest shipping companies, such as Maersk and Hapag-Lloyd, have been bypassing the Cape of Good Hope in Africa, which has added 10-14 days to the trip and added up to 50 to the cost.[97]
- Food and Fertilizer: United Nations cautioned of a world food crisis since the region supplies approximately 30 percent of the world fertilizer. These supplies have been cut off by the blockade, just prior to the spring planting season.[98][99][100]
- Water Crisis: The Gulf region is facing a humanitarian crisis because Iranian attacks on desalination facilities, which supply 99% of drinking water in Kuwait and Qatar, have caused water shortages in the countries.
- High-Tech Industries: Qatar is also a major producer of helium (almost one-third of the global supply), which is essential in MRI machines in hospitals and manufacturing of computer chips.[101]
Notes
[change | change source]References
[change | change source]- ↑ "Iran closes Strait of Hormuz again over US blockade of its ports," Al Jazeera, 18 April 2026.
- ↑ "Iranian gunboats fire on tanker after Strait of Hormuz closed again," CNN, 18 April 2026.
- ↑ "Iran War Live Updates," The New York Times, 18 April 2026.
- ↑ "Iran names Mojtaba Khamenei as supreme leader," AP News, 9 March 2026.
- ↑ "2026 Iran war," Britannica, 16 April 2026.
- ↑ "Iranian navy commander Alireza Tangsiri killed in airstrike," Times of Israel, 26 March 2026.
- ↑ "Why and how is US blockading Iranian ports?" BBC News, 14 April 2026.
- ↑ "US report: 290 American soldiers wounded in war," Ynetnews, 25 March 2026.
- ↑ "Iran war live: Iran says 3,375 people killed during war," Al Jazeera, 26 March 2026.
- ↑ "Iran closes strait of Hormuz again until US lifts blockade," The Guardian, 18 April 2026.
- ↑ "Tanker and container ship report attacks," BBC News Live, 18 April 2026.
- ↑ https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cgrpnq00j5vo. Retrieved 2026-05-05
- ↑ 17:54. Stranded oil tanker crew 'scared, exposed' amid blockade threats. BBC. Retrieved 2026-04-22
- ↑ https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cgrpnq00j5vo. Retrieved 2026-05-05
- ↑ https://www.cnbc.com/2026/04/19/trump-navy-iran-ship-gulf-of-oman.html. Retrieved 2026-04-22
- ↑ "UN maritime agency urges help for seafarers stranded in Gulf". Al Jazeera. 21 April 2026. Retrieved 21 April 2026.
- ↑ LiveNOW from FOX (2026-03-30), White House on Iran, Operation Epic Fury & DHS funding, retrieved 2026-04-20
- ↑ "2026 Iran War".
- ↑ "Background on Iran and Operation Epic Fury" (PDF).
- ↑ Maleki, Miad (2026-04-13). "What the US naval blockade would mean for Iran's economy". www.iranintl.com. Retrieved 2026-04-20.
- 1 2 3 4 Min-kyung, Jung (2026-05-04). "Korean-operated vessel reports damage in Hormuz; no casualties". The Korea Herald. Retrieved 2026-05-04.
- ↑ https://www.kyivpost.com/post/74783. Retrieved 2026-04-27
- ↑ "UAE accuses Iran of attacking empty ADNOC oil tanker in Strait of Hormuz". Reuters. 3 May 2026. Retrieved 4 May 2026.
- ↑ "Bulk carrier attacked by multiple small craft off Iran". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 2026-05-04.
- 1 2 3 "3 ships attacked in Strait of Hormuz, complicating efforts to resume U.S.-Iran talks". CBC. 22 April 2026. Retrieved 22 April 2026.
- ↑ "Iran claims seizure of two MSC-operated boxships while transiting the Strait of Hormuz". Lloyd's List. 2026-04-22. Retrieved 2026-04-22.
- ↑ "Trade ships hit in Hormuz as Iran recloses strait". France 24. 2026-04-18. Retrieved 2026-04-18.
- ↑ Cite error: The named reference
aroywas used but no text was provided for refs named (see the help page). - 1 2 "Tanker fired on by Iran in Hormuz Strait, container ship struck". Seatrade Maritime News. Retrieved 2026-04-18.
- ↑ Petrequin, Samuel (19 April 2026). "French shipping company says one of its ships was targeted". AP News. Retrieved 2026-04-19.
- ↑ "Top updates: Iran closes Strait of Hormuz again". Scroll.in. Retrieved 2026-04-19.
- ↑ "Iran Claims to Have Hit an MSC Container Ship in the Mideast". The Maritime Executive. 5 April 2026.
- ↑ "10 impact sites after Iran fires cluster missile; Tehran claims strike on 'Israel-linked ship'". Ynetglobal. 2026-04-04. Retrieved 2026-04-04.
- ↑ "QatarEnergy tanker hit causing a fire". Seatrade Maritime News. 1 April 2026. Retrieved 1 April 2026.
- ↑ "Kuwaiti tanker 'Al Salmi' attacked by Iranian forces off Dubai coast". Gulf News. 31 March 2026. Retrieved 30 March 2026.
- ↑ "Facts about Strait of Hormuz shipping blockade". France 24. 30 March 2026. Retrieved 30 March 2026.
- ↑ "Explosion reported near bulk carrier off UAE coast". Argus Media. 22 March 2026. Retrieved 27 March 2026.
- ↑ "Tanker struck near Strait of Hormuz off UAE, monitors say". The Manila Times. 20 March 2026. Retrieved 19 March 2026.
- ↑ "Projectile hits Kuwait-flagged gas tanker off UAE's Fujairah". Reuters. 16 March 2026. Retrieved 17 March 2026.
- ↑ "Projectile fragments hit Hapag-Lloyd container vessel near Strait of Hormuz". Reuters. 12 March 2026.
- 1 2 "Strait of Hormuz in crosshairs of Iran conflict as attacks on ships escalate". CNN. 11 March 2026. Archived from the original on 12 March 2026. Retrieved 11 March 2026.
- ↑ "Indian crew member dies in attack by Iran against US-owned oil tanker Safesea Vishnu". deccanherald.com.
- ↑ "Three crew believed trapped on Thai ship hit in Strait of Hormuz". Seatrade Maritime News. Retrieved 12 March 2026.
- ↑ Chambers, Sam (11 March 2026). "Multiple ships hit on day 12 of Iran war". Splash247. Retrieved 11 March 2026.
- 1 2 "Three vessels hit by projectiles in Strait of Hormuz". Reuters. 11 March 2026. Retrieved 11 March 2026.
- ↑ Tanakasempipat, Patpicha; Yuvejwattana, Suttinee (11 March 2026). "Thai Cargo Ship Hit in Strait of Hormuz; Three Crew Missing". Bloomberg Business News. Retrieved 19 March 2026.
- ↑ "Thailand confirms three deaths from vessel attacked in Strait of Hormuz". Reuters. 8 April 2026. Retrieved 18 April 2026.
- ↑ "Iran keeps up attacks on Gulf states, says not a 'single liter of oil' will ship out | The Times of Israel". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 10 March 2026.
- ↑ "Iran says it hit tanker in Strait of Hormuz". DW. Archived from the original on 7 March 2026. Retrieved 7 March 2026.
- ↑ "Iran attacks Malta-flagged tanker in Gulf near Strait of Hormuz". Al Jazeera. 7 March 2026. Retrieved 7 March 2026.
- ↑ "Salvage Tug Reported Attacked Near Straits of Hormuz with Crew Feared Dead". The Maritime Executive. Retrieved 7 March 2026.
- ↑ "Three Indonesian crew missing after UAE tugboat sinks in Strait of Hormuz". The New Arab. 8 March 2026. Retrieved 8 March 2026.[permanent dead link]
- ↑ "Three Indonesian crew missing after tugboat sinks in Strait of Hormuz". The Jakarta Post. 9 March 2026. Retrieved 17 March 2026.
- ↑ "Explosion reported off tanker near Kuwait, crew safe, UKMTO says". Reuters. 4 March 2026. Retrieved 5 March 2026.
- ↑ "Malta-flagged container ship hit by projectile in Hormuz, vessel abandoned, sources say". Reuters. 4 March 2026. Retrieved 4 March 2026.
- 1 2 3 "Oman Rescues Crew of UAE Containership Struck by Missile". The Maritime Executive. Retrieved 4 March 2026.
- 1 2 "Gulf shipping crisis deepens as tankers stranded for fifth day, US sinks Iranian warship". Reuters. 4 March 2026. Retrieved 4 March 2026.
- ↑ "Tanker struck off Kuwait, spilling oil". Seatrade Maritime News. Retrieved 5 March 2026.
- ↑ "Iran Claims Strike on Iran-Linked Bitumen Tanker". The Maritime Executive. Retrieved 4 March 2026.
- ↑ "US flagged products tanker hit by unknown projectiles in Bahrain port, sources say". Reuters. 2 March 2026. Retrieved 4 March 2026.
- ↑ Bhattacherjee, Kallol (3 March 2026). "Iran-Israel war: India cannot remain 'impervious' if Indians are hurt in the Gulf conflict, says MEA". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 4 March 2026. Retrieved 4 March 2026.
- ↑ "39 Indian flag ships and some 23,000-crew stranded in Iran, Strait of Hormuz and Persian Gulf". ETInfra.com. Retrieved 5 March 2026.
- ↑ G, Arthur (1 March 2026). "Greek-owned tanker among four vessels attacked near Strait of Hormuz Greek City Times". Greek City Times. Archived from the original on 3 March 2026. Retrieved 4 March 2026.
- ↑ "Peninsula-Chartered Tanker Sustains 'Minor Damage' in Iranian Attack". Ship & Bunker. 2 March 2026. Retrieved 4 March 2026.
- ↑ "Maritime security update: Gulf Region / Strait of Hormuz and Red Sea". skuld.com. 4 March 2026. Retrieved 4 March 2026.
- ↑ "Another oil tanker hit by drone boat as Strait of Hormuz tensions rise". Euronews. 2 March 2026. Retrieved 19 March 2026.
- ↑ "Crew member killed after projectile hits MKD VYOM tanker off Oman, manager says". Reuters. 1 March 2026. Retrieved 19 March 2026.
- ↑ "3 Indians killed in Iranian attacks off Oman; 20 injured across West Asia". Hindustan Times. 2 March 2026. Retrieved 4 March 2026.
- ↑ Epstein, Jake; Baker, Sinéad. "Fighting with Iran has spread to tankers at sea. Ships are coming under fire around the busy Strait of Hormuz". Business Insider. Retrieved 4 March 2026.
- ↑ "2 Indians Killed In Iran Attack On Oil Tanker 'Skylight' In Strait Of Hormuz". ndtv.com.
- ↑ https://kyivindependent.com/us-intercepted-russian-shadow-fleet-vessel-in-arabian-sea-us-central-command-says/
- ↑ https://sundayguardianlive.com/world/us-israel-iran-war-latest-news-uss-rafael-peralta-intercepts-iranian-flagged-vessel-amid-naval-blockade-dark-fleet-crackdown-186409/. Retrieved 2026-04-26
- ↑ https://www.vesselfinder.com/vessels/details/9198317
- ↑ https://www.seatrade-maritime.com/security/us-seizes-iran-linked-tanker-majestic-x
- ↑ https://www.vesselfinder.com/vessels/details/9273337
- ↑ https://www.vesselfinder.com/vessels/details/9273337
- ↑ https://www.nationthailand.com/news/world/40065398
- ↑ https://www.marinelink.com/news/us-intercepts-three-iranian-tankers-asian-538378
- ↑ https://www.afr.com/world/asia/us-intercepts-three-iranian-oil-tankers-in-asian-waters-sources-say-20260423-p5zqag
- ↑ https://www.nationthailand.com/news/world/40065398
- ↑ https://www.nettavisen.no/nyheter/nye-omfattende-sanksjoner/s/5-95-3002575. Retrieved 2026-04-25
- ↑ https://www.afr.com/world/asia/us-intercepts-three-iranian-oil-tankers-in-asian-waters-sources-say-20260423-p5zqag
- ↑ https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c9qdd318qd9o
- ↑ "2026 Iran war".
- ↑ Vincent, Brandi (2026-04-16). "U.S. launches 'Operation Economic Fury' to obstruct Iran's revenue streams amid blockade". DefenseScoop. Retrieved 2026-04-20.
- ↑ jcookson (2026-04-17). "The Strait of Hormuz is 'open,' but the US blockade remains in place. Here's what that means". Atlantic Council. Retrieved 2026-04-20.
- ↑ Staff, Al Jazeera. "US military says blockade of Iran ports 'completely' halts economic trade". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 2026-04-20.
- ↑ Maleki, Miad (2026-04-13). "What the US naval blockade would mean for Iran's economy". www.iranintl.com. Retrieved 2026-04-20.
- ↑ jcookson (2026-04-17). "The Strait of Hormuz is 'open,' but the US blockade remains in place. Here's what that means". Atlantic Council. Retrieved 2026-04-20.
- ↑ DD India (2026-04-17), Strait of Hormuz Explained: What Iran’s ‘Controlled Opening’ Means, retrieved 2026-04-20
- ↑ CTV News (2026-04-17), Iran reopens Strait of Hormuz | CTV National News at 5:30 for April 17, 2026, retrieved 2026-04-20
- ↑ "Hormuz 17 April 2026 #1 | International Crisis Group". www.crisisgroup.org. 2026-04-17. Retrieved 2026-04-20.
- ↑ Williams, Jessie (2026-04-19). "Iran closes strait of Hormuz again 'until US lifts blockade'". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2026-04-20.
- ↑ Global News (2026-04-18), Global National: April 18, 2026 | Iran reverses course, places restrictions back on Strait of Hormuz, retrieved 2026-04-20
- ↑ Geo Headlines (2026-04-18), American blockade! The Strait of Hormuz is closed again | Geo News 12 AM Headlines | 19 April 2026, retrieved 2026-04-20
- ↑ "Background on Iran and Operation Epic Fury" (PDF).
- ↑ "'Clock is ticking': Hormuz disruption raises fears of global food crisis | UN News". news.un.org. 2026-04-13. Retrieved 2026-04-20.
- ↑ "'Clock is ticking': Hormuz disruption raises fears of global food crisis | UN News". news.un.org. 2026-04-13. Retrieved 2026-04-20.
- ↑ "Dire fertiliser shortage a lurking threat due to Hormuz crisis | UN News". news.un.org. 2026-03-23. Retrieved 2026-04-20.
- ↑ "Hormuz closure disrupts global fertilizer trade, raising food prices | The Jerusalem Post". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. 2026-04-14. Retrieved 2026-04-20.
- ↑ "Beyond oil: 9 commodities impacted by the Strait of Hormuz crisis". World Economic Forum. Retrieved 2026-04-20.