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狗

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 豿
狗 U+72D7, 狗
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-72D7
← 狖
[U+72D6] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 狘 →
[U+72D8]

Translingual

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Stroke order
8 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

[edit]

狗 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+5, 8 strokes, Cangjie input 大竹心口 (KHPR), four-corner 47220, composition ⿰犭句)

Derived characters

[edit]

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 709, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20345
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1121, character 22
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1341, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+72D7

Chinese

[edit]
simp. and trad.
 狗
alternative forms 豿 “cub”
㺃

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 狗
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (句) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
勾 *koː, *koːs
鉤 *koː
鴝 *koː, *ɡo
句 *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo
夠 *koː, *koːs, *kʰoː
枸 *koː, *koːʔ, *koʔ
軥 *koː, *koːs, *ɡo
狗 *koːʔ
苟 *koːʔ
岣 *koːʔ, *ko
笱 *koːʔ
玽 *koːʔ
耇 *koːʔ
豿 *koːʔ, *qʰroːɡ
敂 *koːʔ
怐 *koːs, *kʰoːs, *qʰoːs, *kos
雊 *koːs
竘 *kʰoːʔ, *kʰoʔ
齁 *qʰoː
呴 *qʰoːʔ, *qʰos
蚼 *qʰoːʔ, *ɡo
豞 *qʰoːs
訽 *qʰoːs, *ɡoːs
佝 *qʰoːs
拘 *ko
駒 *ko
眗 *ko
跔 *ko
鮈 *ko
痀 *ko
蒟 *koʔ, *kos
絇 *kos, *ɡo
邭 *kos
劬 *ɡo
朐 *ɡo
鼩 *ɡo
斪 *ɡo
翑 *ɡo
葋 *ɡo
姁 *ɡo, *qʰo, *qʰoʔ, *qʰos
欨 *qʰo, *qʰoʔ
喣 *qʰoʔ
煦 *qʰoʔ, *qʰos
昫 *qʰos

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *koːʔ): semantic 犬 (“dog”) + phonetic 句 (OC *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo).

Etymology

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From some language ancestral to modern Hmong-Mien languages, from Proto-Hmong-Mien *qluwˣ (“dog”), perhaps from Proto-Austronesian *(u-)(ŋ)kuɣkuɣ (“dog”) (Norman, 1988; Benedict, 1996).

Alternatively, STEDT derives this from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-kʷəj-n (“dog”), whence also 犬 (OC *kʰʷeːnʔ).

Less likely, it may be related to 駒 (OC *ko, “foal”), 羔 (OC *kluː, “lamb”) and 𤘽 (“calf”) (Wang, 1982). Excavated Warring States and Qin texts attest 狗子 (gǒuzi, “puppy”) and 虎狗; the latter is distinguished from an adult 虎 by a lower reward in the Yuelu Qin manuscripts. This suggests that 狗 (gǒu), like its variant 豿 (gǒu), could also denote a young animal or cub.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • ě - vernacular;
  • gě - literary.
Note:
  • gao3 - vernacular;
  • gieo3 - literary.
Note:
  • káu - vernacular;
  • kó͘/kió - literary.
Note:
  • Hangzhou:
    • 3kei - general;
    • 3keu - older speakers.
  • Jiading:
    • 3koe - general;
    • 5koe - certain urban accents.
  • Ningbo:
    • 3keu - general;
    • 3ki - vestigial erhua.
  • Zhoushan:
    • 3kei - general;
    • 3kien - used in 小黃狗.
Rime
Character 狗
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 侯 (137)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古厚切
Baxter kuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kəuX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kəuX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kəuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kəwX/
Li
Rong 		/kuX/
Wang
Li 		/kəuX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/kə̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		gǒu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gau2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 狗
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		gǒu
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kuwX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*Cə.kˁroʔ/
English dog

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 狗
Reading # 1/1
No. 7068
Phonetic
component 		句
Rime
group 		侯
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		苟
Old
Chinese 		/*koːʔ/

Definitions

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狗

狗

  1. dog (Classifier: 隻／只 m c mn; 條／条 m)
    餵狗／喂狗  ―  wèi gǒu  ―  to feed a dog
    累成狗  ―  lèi chéng gǒu  ―  extremely tired [cf. dog-tired]
  2. Dog (Chinese zodiac sign)
  3. (derogatory) something or someone unpleasant
    的士狗  ―  dīshì gǒu  ―  "taxi dog" (unprofessional taxi drivers)
    1. Used as an attributive.
      狗男女  ―  gǒu nánnǚ  ―  couple in an illicit love affair
      狗官  ―  gǒuguān  ―  government official
      看老娘錘爆你的狗頭！ [MSC, trad.]
      看老娘锤爆你的狗头！ [MSC, simp.]
      Kàn lǎoniáng chuí bào nǐ de gǒu tóu! [Pinyin]
      See how I hammer you in your goddamn head!
    2. (neologism, self-deprecatory) a miserable person (used in compounds)
      單身狗／单身狗  ―  dānshēngǒu  ―  singleton
    3. (neologism, self-deprecatory) obedient or overworked employee; workhorse; wage slave
      Synonym: 社畜 (shèchù)
      公司的狗  ―  gōngsī de gǒu  ―  corporate slave; corporate lackey
      IT狗  ―  IT gǒu  ―  a person working in the IT industry
    4. (Hong Kong, neologism, derogatory) police; pig; po-po
  4. (chiefly Beijing Mandarin) to flatter
  5. (Cantonese) cunning
  6. (obsolete) cub; young bear or tiger
  7. a surname

Synonyms

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  • (dog):
Dialectal synonyms of 狗 (“dog”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 犬
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 狗
Taxonomic name 犬
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 狗
Taiwan 狗
Chengde 狗
Chifeng 狗
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 狗
Heihe 狗
Qiqihar 狗
Harbin 狗
Jiamusi 狗
Baicheng 狗
Changchun 狗
Tonghua 狗
Shenyang 狗
Jinzhou 狗
Malaysia 狗
Singapore 狗
Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) 狗
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 狗
Tangshan 狗
Cangzhou 狗
Baoding 狗
Shijiazhuang 狗
Lijin 狗
Jinan 狗
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 狗
Dandong 狗
Yantai 狗子
Yantai (Muping) 狗子, 狗
Qingdao 狗
Zhucheng 狗
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 狗
Lingbao 狗
Jining 狗
Wanrong 狗
Linfen 狗
Shangqiu 狗
Yuanyang 狗
Zhengzhou 狗
Xinyang 狗
Ankang 狗子
Ankang (Xianhe, Hanbin) 狗子
Baihe 狗, 狗子
Baihe (Maoping) 狗子
Xi'an 狗
Dingbian 狗
Baoji 狗
Tianshui 狗
Xining 狗
Yanqi 狗
Dunhuang (Hedong dialect) 狗
Xuzhou 狗
Fuyang 狗
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 狗
Lanzhou 狗
Hami 狗
Ürümqi 狗
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 狗
Nanchong 狗
Dazhou 狗
Hanyuan 狗
Xichang 狗
Zigong 狗
Chongqing 狗, 狗兒
Wuhan 狗, 狗子, 狗狗 childish, 來富 dated
Yichang 狗, 狗子
Xiangyang 狗, 狗子
Tianmen 狗, 狗子
Guiyang 狗
Zunyi 狗
Bijie 狗
Liping 狗
Zhaotong 狗
Dali 狗
Kunming 狗
Mengzi 狗
Guilin 狗
Liuzhou 狗, 狗崽, 三六, 地羊 as food
Jishou 狗
Changde 狗, 狗子
Shiquan 狗子
Ziyang 狗子
Hanzhong 狗
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 狗
Yangzhou 狗, 狗子
Lianyungang 狗
Lianshui 狗
Nantong 狗, 狗子
Anqing 狗
Wuhu 狗
Hefei 狗
Hong'an 狗子
Cantonese Guangzhou 狗
Hong Kong 狗, 㕵㕵 childish, 㕵㕵狗 childish
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 狗
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 狗
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 狗
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 狗
Macau 狗
Guangzhou (Panyu) 狗
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 狗
Guangzhou (Conghua) 狗
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 狗
Foshan 狗
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 狗
Foshan (Shunde) 狗
Foshan (Sanshui) 狗
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 狗
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 狗
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 狗
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 狗
Zhuhai (Doumen) 狗
Jiangmen (Baisha) 狗
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 狗
Taishan 狗
Kaiping (Chikan) 狗
Enping (Niujiang) 狗
Heshan (Yayao) 狗
Dongguan 狗
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 狗
Shaoguan 狗
Yunfu 狗
Yangjiang 狗
Xinyi 狗
Lianjiang 狗
Nanning 狗
Wuzhou 狗
Yulin 狗
Hepu (Lianzhou) 狗
Hepu (Shatian) 狗
Guiping 狗
Guiping (Jintian) 狗
Guiping (Jiangkou) 狗
Guiping (Madong) 狗
Guiping (Mule) 狗
Pingnan 狗
Pingnan (Danzhu) 狗
Guigang (Gangcheng) 狗
Guigang (Pingdong) 狗
Baise 狗
Qinzhou 狗
Qinzhou (Changtan) 狗
Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) 狗
Beihai 狗
Beihai (Nankang) 狗
Beihai (Yingpan) 狗
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 狗
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 狗
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 狗
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 狗
Penang (Guangfu) 狗
Ipoh (Guangfu) 狗
Singapore (Guangfu) 狗
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 狗
Móng Cái 狗
Gan Nanchang 狗
Lichuan 狗
Pingxiang 狗
Ankang (Niuti) 狗
Hakka Meixian 狗, 無角羊
Dabu (Xihe) 狗
Dabu (Taoyuan) 狗
Dabu (Gaobei) 狗
Fengshun (Tangkeng) 狗
Fengshun (Fengliang) 狗
Fengshun (Pantian) 狗
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 狗
Dongguan (Qingxi) 狗
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 狗
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 狗
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 狗
Changting 狗
Yudu 狗子
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 狗仔
Miaoli (Gongguan; N. Sixian) 狗仔
Miaoli (Zhuolan; N. Sixian) 狗仔
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 狗仔
Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) 狗
Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) 狗仔
Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) 狗仔
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 狗, 狗仔
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 狗
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 狗
Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping) 狗
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 狗
Hong Kong 狗
Luchuan (Daqiao) 狗
Sabah (Longchuan) 狗
Kuala Lumpur (Dabu) 狗
Senai (Huiyang) 狗
Kuching (Hepo) 狗
Singkawang 狗
Huizhou Jixi 狗, 𬮇 childish, 狗𬮇 childish
Shexian 狗
Jin Taiyuan 狗兒, 狗
Yangyuan 狗
Datong 狗, 狗娃子
Xinzhou 狗
Lüliang (Lishi) 狗兒
Changzhi 狗
Linhe 狗, 狗子
Jining 狗
Hohhot 狗
Erenhot 狗
Pingshan 狗
Zhangjiakou 狗
Handan 狗
Anyang 狗
Linzhou 狗
Suide 狗
Shenmu 狗
Northern Min Jian'ou 狗仔, 狗
Eastern Min Fuzhou 犬, 犬囝
Fuzhou (Changle) 犬
Fuqing 犬
Yongtai 犬
Gutian 犬
Fu'an 犬
Ningde 犬
Shouning 犬
Zhouning 犬
Fuding 犬
Matsu 犬
Southern Min Xiamen 狗
Quanzhou 狗
Zhangzhou 狗
Zhao'an 狗
Taipei (Wanhua) 狗
Kaohsiung 狗
Yilan 狗
Changhua (Lukang) 狗
Taichung 狗
Taichung (Wuqi) 狗
Tainan 狗仔
Taitung 狗
Hsinchu 狗
Penghu (Magong) 狗
Penang (Hokkien) 狗
Singapore (Hokkien) 狗
Manila (Hokkien) 狗
Pingnan (Shangdu) 狗
Chaozhou 狗
Shantou 狗
Haifeng 狗
Bangkok (Teochew) 狗
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 狗
Singapore (Teochew) 狗
Leizhou 狗, 四五
Wenchang 狗
Haikou 狗
Singapore (Hainanese) 狗
Puxian Min Putian 狗
Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) 狗
Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) 狗
Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) 狗
Xianyou 狗, 狗囝
Xianyou (Fengting) 狗, 狗囝
Xianyou (Youyang) 狗, 狗囝
Central Min Nanping (Wangtai, Yanping) 狗
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 狗
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 狗, 地羊 dated, euphemistic, 三六 argot, 四打五 argot
Binyang 狗
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 狗
Shehua Fu'an 狗
Fuding 狗
Luoyuan 狗
Sanming 狗
Shunchang 狗
Hua'an 狗
Guixi (Zhangping) 狗
Cangnan 狗
Jingning (Hexi) 狗
Lishui 狗
Longyou 狗
Chaozhou 狗
Fengshun 狗
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 犬
Yuanling (Shaojiwan) 犬
Luxi (Baisha) 犬
Luxi (Liangjiatan) 犬
Luxi (Lijiatian) 犬
Chengbu (Xuntou) 犬
Wu Shanghai 狗, 汪汪狗 childish
Shanghai (Songjiang) 狗
Shanghai (Jiading) 狗
Shanghai (Chongming) 狗
Suzhou 狗
Danyang 狗子
Hangzhou 狗
Hangzhou (Fuyang) 狗
Shaoxing 狗
Ningbo 黃狗
Wenzhou 狗, 𡀿𡀿 childish
Jinhua 狗
Xiang Changsha 狗
Xiangxiang 狗
Loudi 狗
Shuangfeng 狗
Hengyang 狗, 災狗子 derogatory
Quanzhou 狗
  • (zodiac sign):
Dialectal synonyms of 狗 (“Dog (zodiac sign)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 狗
Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 狗
Cantonese Hong Kong 狗
Gan Nanchang 犬, 狗
Southern Min Manila (Hokkien) 狗
  • (Hong Kong: police): 警犬 (jǐngquǎn)

Coordinate terms

[edit]

Compounds

[edit]

Descendants

[edit]
Sino-Xenic (狗):
  • → Vietnamese: cẩu (狗)

Others:

References

[edit]

Japanese

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]
狗

(Hyōgai kanji)

  1. puppy, dog
  2. a sentinel
  3. a snoop or spy
  4. useless, wasteful

Readings

[edit]
  • Go-on: く (ku)
  • Kan-on: こう (kō)
  • Kun: いぬ (inu, 狗)、えぬ (enu, 狗)←ゑぬ (wenu, 狗, historical)

Compounds

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]
Kanji in this term
狗
いぬ
Hyōgai
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 狗 – see the following entry.
【犬いぬ】1
[noun] dog, canine
[noun] servant; one who is loyal (like a dog)
[noun] spy
(This term, 狗, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2

[edit]
Kanji in this term
狗
えぬ
Hyōgai
kun'yomi

First cited to the Wamyō Ruijushō of 934 CE.[1]

Ultimate derivation uncertain. Theories include a fusion of わ (*wa-, diminutive prefix?) + 犬 (inu, “dog”), an ancient nativized borrowing from Old Chinese 犬 (OC *kʰʷeːnʔ, “dog”), in turn, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-kʷəj-n, or an unraised vowel extension of Proto-Japonic *enu (“dog”) (although this last option does not explain the presence of the w-glide in the historical kana of this term). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Martin suggests a contraction corresponding to Old Japanese 小 (wo-, diminutive prefix) +‎ 犬 (inu, “dog”).[2]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

狗(えぬ) • (enu) ←ゑぬ (wenu)?

  1. (obsolete) a puppy or dog
Usage notes
[edit]

Obsolete. Not listed in most dictionaries.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ “狗”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. ^ Samuel E. Martin (1987), The Japanese Language Through Time, New Haven, London: Yale University Press, →ISBN, page 393

Korean

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]

狗 (eumhun 개 구 (gae gu))

  1. hanja form? of 구 (“dog”)

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

狗: Hán Việt readings: cẩu (舉(cử)后(hậu)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4]
狗: Nôm readings: cẩu[1][3][5]

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  2. ^ Trần (2004).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Bonet (1899).
  4. ^ Génibrel (1898).
  5. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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