saka

See also: Appendix:Variations of "saka"

Languages (32)

Acehnese • Balinese • Cebuano • Central Bikol • Chungli Ao • Esperanto • Faroese • Finnish • Garo • Icelandic • Indonesian • Jamamadí • Japanese • Javanese • Kapampangan • Latvian • Malagasy • Mansaka • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Old Javanese • Old Norse • Ometepec Nahuatl • Pali • Papiamentu • Polish • Swahili • Swedish • Tagalog • Ternate • Turkish • Waray-Waray

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Page categories

Acehnese

Etymology

Likely borrowed from Khmer ស្ករ (skɑɑ, “sugar”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /saka/

Noun

saka

1. sugar

Balinese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sakə/
• Hyphenation: sa‧ka

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Old Javanese saka (“post, pillar”), from Sanskrit शाखा (śākhā, “a door-post”, literally “branch”).

Noun

saka (Balinese script ᬲᬓ)

1. pillar

Derived terms

• kasakain
• masaka
• nyakain

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Old Javanese saka (“each, from, than”).

Adverb

saka (Balinese script ᬲᬓ)

1. each

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Old Javanese śāka, śaka (“Shaka year”), from Sanskrit शक (śaka).

Noun

saka (Balinese script ᬰᬓ)

1. Shaka year

Etymology 4

From Sanskrit शाखा (śākhā, “branch”).

Noun

saka (Balinese script ᬰᬵᬓᬵ)

1. branch

Further reading

• “saka”, in Balinese–Indonesian Dictionary [Kamus Bahasa Bali–Indonesia] (in Balinese), Denpasar, Indonesia: The Linguistic Center of Bali Province [Balai Bahasa Provinsi Bali].

Cebuano

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *saka. Compare Aklanon saka'.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /saˈka/ [s̪aˈka]
• Hyphenation: sa‧ka

Verb

saká (Badlit spelling ᜐᜃ)

1. to climb

   Synonym: katkat

Derived terms

• magsaka
• manaka
• mosaka
• sakahon

Central Bikol

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *saká (“and, also”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /saˈka/ [saˈka]
• Hyphenation: sa‧ka

Conjunction

saká (Basahan spelling ᜐᜃ)

1. (Naga) and

   Synonyms: asin, buda, at, sagkod, nan, pagkan

Interjection

saká (Basahan spelling ᜐᜃ)

1. (Naga) so what?

   Synonym: ano kaiyan

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *sáka (“leg of a fowl”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsaka/ [ˈsa.ka]
• Hyphenation: sa‧ka

Noun

sáka (Basahan spelling ᜐᜃ)

1. (rare) cockspur

   Synonym: bulang

Derived terms

• magsaka
• sakahon

Chungli Ao

Conjunction

saka

1. but, though

Further reading

• Clark, Mary M. (1893), Ao Naga grammar with illustrative phrases and vocabulary, Molung: Assam Secretariat Printing Office, page 100

Esperanto

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsaka/
• Rhymes: -aka
• Syllabification: sa‧ka

Adjective

saka (accusative singular sakan, plural sakaj, accusative plural sakajn)

1. baglike

Related terms

• sako

Faroese

Noun

saka

1. indefinite genitive plural of sak

Finnish

Etymology

From Persian ساکا (sâkâ).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsɑkɑ/, [ˈs̠ɑ̝kɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -ɑkɑ
• Syllabification^(key): sa‧ka
• Hyphenation^(key): sa‧ka

Noun

saka

1. Saka (person)
2. Saka (language)

Declension

Inflection of saka (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
nominative		saka	sakat
genitive		sakan	sakojen
partitive		sakaa	sakoja
illative		sakaan	sakoihin
		singular	plural
nominative		saka	sakat
accusative	nom.	saka	sakat
	gen.	sakan
genitive		sakan	sakojen sakain rare
partitive		sakaa	sakoja
inessive		sakassa	sakoissa
elative		sakasta	sakoista
illative		sakaan	sakoihin
adessive		sakalla	sakoilla
ablative		sakalta	sakoilta
allative		sakalle	sakoille
essive		sakana	sakoina
translative		sakaksi	sakoiksi
abessive		sakatta	sakoitta
instructive		—	sakoin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of saka (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative sakani sakani accusative nom. sakani sakani gen. sakani genitive sakani sakojeni sakaini rare partitive sakaani sakojani inessive sakassani sakoissani elative sakastani sakoistani illative sakaani sakoihini adessive sakallani sakoillani ablative sakaltani sakoiltani allative sakalleni sakoilleni essive sakanani sakoinani translative sakakseni sakoikseni abessive sakattani sakoittani instructive — — comitative — sakoineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative sakasi sakasi accusative nom. sakasi sakasi gen. sakasi genitive sakasi sakojesi sakaisi rare partitive sakaasi sakojasi inessive sakassasi sakoissasi elative sakastasi sakoistasi illative sakaasi sakoihisi adessive sakallasi sakoillasi ablative sakaltasi sakoiltasi allative sakallesi sakoillesi essive sakanasi sakoinasi translative sakaksesi sakoiksesi abessive sakattasi sakoittasi instructive — — comitative — sakoinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative sakamme sakamme accusative nom. sakamme sakamme gen. sakamme genitive sakamme sakojemme sakaimme rare partitive sakaamme sakojamme inessive sakassamme sakoissamme elative sakastamme sakoistamme illative sakaamme sakoihimme adessive sakallamme sakoillamme ablative sakaltamme sakoiltamme allative sakallemme sakoillemme essive sakanamme sakoinamme translative sakaksemme sakoiksemme abessive sakattamme sakoittamme instructive — — comitative — sakoinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative sakanne sakanne accusative nom. sakanne sakanne gen. sakanne genitive sakanne sakojenne sakainne rare partitive sakaanne sakojanne inessive sakassanne sakoissanne elative sakastanne sakoistanne illative sakaanne sakoihinne adessive sakallanne sakoillanne ablative sakaltanne sakoiltanne allative sakallenne sakoillenne essive sakananne sakoinanne translative sakaksenne sakoiksenne abessive sakattanne sakoittanne instructive — — comitative — sakoinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative sakansa sakansa accusative nom. sakansa sakansa gen. sakansa genitive sakansa sakojensa sakainsa rare partitive sakaansa sakojaan sakojansa inessive sakassaan sakassansa sakoissaan sakoissansa elative sakastaan sakastansa sakoistaan sakoistansa illative sakaansa sakoihinsa adessive sakallaan sakallansa sakoillaan sakoillansa ablative sakaltaan sakaltansa sakoiltaan sakoiltansa allative sakalleen sakallensa sakoilleen sakoillensa essive sakanaan sakanansa sakoinaan sakoinansa translative sakakseen sakaksensa sakoikseen sakoiksensa abessive sakattaan sakattansa sakoittaan sakoittansa instructive — — comitative — sakoineen sakoinensa

Anagrams

• kasa

Garo

Etymology

Related to sakao (“above, on top”)

Noun

saka

1. upland, upper place

Icelandic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈsaːka]
• Rhymes: -aːka

Etymology 1

From Old Norse saka, from Proto-Germanic *sakōną.

Verb

saka (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative sakaði, supine sakað)

1. to accuse [with accusative]

   Synonyms: ásaka, ákæra, klaga, kæra

   saka einhvern um eitthvað ― accuse someone of something.

2. (impersonal) to hurt, to injure, to damage

Conjugation

saka – active voice (germynd)

infinitive nafnháttur		að saka
supine sagnbót		sakað
present participle lýsingarháttur nútíðar		sakandi
		indicative framsöguháttur			subjunctive viðtengingarháttur
		present nútíð	past þátíð		present nútíð	past þátíð
singular	ég	saka	sakaði		saki	sakaði
	þú	sakar	sakaðir		sakir	sakaðir
	hann, hún, það	sakar	sakaði		saki	sakaði
plural	við	sökum	sökuðum		sökum	sökuðum
	þið	sakið	sökuðuð		sakið	sökuðuð
	þeir, þær, þau	saka	sökuðu		saki	sökuðu
		imperative boðháttur
singular	þú	saka (þú), sakaðu
plural	þið	sakið (þið), sakiði1

¹ Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

sakast – mediopassive voice (miðmynd)

infinitive nafnháttur		að sakast
supine sagnbót		sakast
present participle lýsingarháttur nútíðar		sakandist (rare; see appendix)
		indicative framsöguháttur			subjunctive viðtengingarháttur
		present nútíð	past þátíð		present nútíð	past þátíð
singular	ég	sakast	sakaðist		sakist	sakaðist
	þú	sakast	sakaðist		sakist	sakaðist
	hann, hún, það	sakast	sakaðist		sakist	sakaðist
plural	við	sökumst	sökuðumst		sökumst	sökuðumst
	þið	sakist	sökuðust		sakist	sökuðust
	þeir, þær, þau	sakast	sökuðust		sakist	sökuðust
		imperative boðháttur
singular	þú	sakast (þú), sakastu
plural	þið	sakist (þið), sakisti1

¹ Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

sakaður — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)

strong declension (sterk beyging)	singular (eintala)			plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	sakaður	sökuð	sakað	sakaðir	sakaðar	sökuð
accusative (þolfall)	sakaðan	sakaða	sakað	sakaða	sakaðar	sökuð
dative (þágufall)	sökuðum	sakaðri	sökuðu	sökuðum	sökuðum	sökuðum
genitive (eignarfall)	sakaðs	sakaðrar	sakaðs	sakaðra	sakaðra	sakaðra
weak declension (veik beyging)	singular (eintala)			plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	sakaði	sakaða	sakaða	sökuðu	sökuðu	sökuðu
accusative (þolfall)	sakaða	sökuðu	sakaða	sökuðu	sökuðu	sökuðu
dative (þágufall)	sakaða	sökuðu	sakaða	sökuðu	sökuðu	sökuðu
genitive (eignarfall)	sakaða	sökuðu	sakaða	sökuðu	sökuðu	sökuðu

Etymology 2

Noun

saka

1. indefinite genitive plural of sök

Anagrams

• aska

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈsaka/ [ˈsa.ka]
• Rhymes: -aka
• Syllabification: sa‧ka

Etymology 1

Inherited from Malay saka, from Pali saka (“name of a tree (Tectona grandis)”), from Sanskrit शाखा (śākhā, “branch, door post”).

Noun

saka (plural saka-saka)

1. house pole

Alternative forms

• soko

Compounds

• saka guru
• saka penanggap
• saka pendem
• saka penitih
• saka santen
• saka tatal
• saka tepas

Etymology 2

Noun

saka (plural saka-saka)

1. (clipping) alternative spelling of pusaka (“heirloom, inheritance”)

Alternative forms

• soko

Etymology 3

From Minangkabau [Term?], probably from Sanskrit सखा (sakhā), सखि (sakhi, “friend, assistant, brother-in-law”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sákʰā, from Proto-Indo-European *sokʷH- (“friend, companion”), from *sekʷ- (“follow”). Doublet of saki.

Noun

saka (plural saka-saka)

1. maternal family
2. the customary rank of the people who are hereditary

Compounds

• saka baka
• saka lipek

Etymology 4

From Minangkabau [Term?], from Persian شکر (šakar), from Sanskrit शर्कर (śárkarā), from Proto-Indo-Iranian, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱorkeh₂. Doublet of sakar (“sugar”).

Noun

saka (plural saka-saka)

1. cane sugar

   Hypernym: gula

Etymology 5

Noun

saka (plural saka-saka)

1. (scouting) syllabic abbreviation of satuan karya pramuka

Compounds

• saka bahari
• saka bakti husada
• saka bhayangkara
• saka dirgantara
• saka kalpataru
• saka kencana
• saka pariwisata
• saka taruna bumi
• saka wanabakti
• saka widya budaya bakti
• saka wira kartika

Etymology 6

Borrowed from Kamang [Term?]

Noun

saka (plural saka-saka)

1. dry coconut leaves

Etymology 7

Borrowed from Ngaju [Term?]

Noun

saka (plural saka-saka)

1. (dialect) affluent, rivulet, tributary

   Synonym: anak sungai

Etymology 8

Borrowed from Tolaki [Term?]

Noun

saka (plural saka-saka)

1. (dialect) fist competition

Further reading

• “saka”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Jamamadí

Verb

saka

1. (Banawá) to jab, pierce

References

• 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.

Japanese

Romanization

saka

1. Rōmaji transcription of さか

Javanese

Romanization

saka

1. romanization of ꦱꦏ

Kapampangan

Etymology

Compare Tagalog saka.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /səˈka/ [səˈxa]
• Hyphenation: sa‧ka

Conjunction

saka

1. and

   Synonyms: at, atsaka, ampo

   Mayilig kung manyeseng asu saka pusa saka ayup.

   I love taking care of animals like dogs and cats and birds.

Adverb

saka

1. then; and then; afterwards

   Synonyms: kaibat, kayari, kanita

2. besides; moreover

   Synonym: maliban king

3. at another time

   Synonyms: saka na, tutuki na

4. such as, and so on; or something

   Synonyms: ampo pa, nanu pa

Verb

saka

1. to get on
2. gone up
3. climb up

Latvian

Verb

saka

1. third-person singular/plural present indicative of sacīt
2. (with the particle lai) third-person singular imperative of sacīt
3. (with the particle lai) third-person plural imperative of sacīt

Malagasy

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

saka

1. cat, Felis silvestris catus

   Synonym: piso

Mansaka

Etymology

Akin to Aklanon saka'.

Verb

saka

1. to climb

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

• saken

Noun

saka m or f

1. definite feminine singular of sak

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsɑːkɑ/

Noun

saka f

1. definite singular of sak

Etymology 2

From Old Norse sakaðr.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /²sɑːkɑ/

Adjective

saka (singular and plural saka, comparative meir saka, superlative mest saka)

1. (archaic) guilty

Synonyms

• skuldig

Antonyms

• saklaus

References

• “saka” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old Javanese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sa.ka/
• Rhymes: -ka
• Homophones: sakhā, śaka, śāka, śākhā
• Hyphenation: sa‧ka

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Sanskrit शाखा (śākhā, “a door-post”, literally “branch”).

Noun

saka

1. post (pillar)

Derived terms

• masaka
• sumake

Descendants

• Javanese: ꦱꦏ (saka, “pillar”)
• → Balinese: ᬲᬓ (saka, “post, pillar, column”)

Etymology 2

Compare Proto-Philippine *saká (“and, also”).

Preposition

saka

1. from
2. than

Derived terms

• saka-saka
• sake hiriṅ
• sinake-hiriṅakĕn

Descendants

• Javanese: ꦱꦏ (saka, “from, than”)

Adverb

saka

1. each

Descendants

• → Balinese: ᬲᬓ (saka, “each”)

Further reading

• "saka" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

Old Norse

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsaka/
• Rhymes: -aka

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *sakōną.

Verb

saka (singular past indicative sakaða, plural past indicative sǫkuðu, past participle sakaðr)

1. to do harm, to scathe
   1. (impersonal, with accusative)

      hvat sem at var gǫrt, sakaði hann ekki

      no matter what they did, no harm came to him.

2. to blame, find fault with

Conjugation

Conjugation of saka — active (weak class 2)

infinitive	saka
present participle	sakandi
past participle	sakaðr
	indicative			subjunctive
	present	past		present	past
1st person singular	saka	sakaða		saka	sakaða
2nd person singular	sakar	sakaðir		sakir	sakaðir
3rd person singular	sakar	sakaði		saki	sakaði
1st person plural	sǫkum	sǫkuðum		sakim	sakaðim
2nd person plural	sakið	sǫkuðuð		sakið	sakaðið
3rd person plural	saka	sǫkuðu		saki	sakaði
imperative	present
2nd person singular	saka
1st person plural	sǫkum
2nd person plural	sakið

Conjugation of saka — mediopassive (weak class 2)

infinitive	sakask
present participle	sakandisk
past participle	sakazk
	indicative			subjunctive
	present	past		present	past
1st person singular	sǫkumk	sǫkuðumk		sǫkumk	sǫkuðumk
2nd person singular	sakask	sakaðisk		sakisk	sakaðisk
3rd person singular	sakask	sakaðisk		sakisk	sakaðisk
1st person plural	sǫkumsk	sǫkuðumsk		sakimsk	sakaðimsk
2nd person plural	sakizk	sǫkuðuzk		sakizk	sakaðizk
3rd person plural	sakask	sǫkuðusk		sakisk	sakaðisk
imperative	present
2nd person singular	sakask
1st person plural	sǫkumsk
2nd person plural	sakizk

Derived terms

• saka sik um (“to blame oneself for”)
• sakaðr
• sakna

Related terms

• sǿkja
• sǫk

Descendants

• Icelandic: saka
• Norwegian:

  Norwegian Bokmål: sake

  Norwegian Nynorsk: saka, sake

Further reading

• Richard Cleasby; Guðbrandur Vigfússon (1874), “saka”, in An Icelandic-English Dictionary, 1st edition, Oxford: Oxford Clarendon Press, page 509
• Zoëga, Geir T. (1910), “saka”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

saka

1. genitive plural of sǫk

Ometepec Nahuatl

Noun

saka

1. zacate, grass

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• 𑀲𑀓 (Brahmi script)
• सक (Devanagari script)
• সক (Bengali script)
• සක (Sinhalese script)
• သက or သၵ (Burmese script)
• สก or สะกะ (Thai script)
• ᩈᨠ (Tai Tham script)
• ສກ or ສະກະ (Lao script)
• សក (Khmer script)
• 𑄥𑄇 (Chakma script)

Etymology 1

Adjective

saka

1. one's own

Declension

Declension table of "saka" (masculine)

Case / Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	sako	sakā
Accusative (second)	sakaṃ	sake
Instrumental (third)	sakena	sakehi or sakebhi
Dative (fourth)	sakassa or sakāya or sakatthaṃ	sakānaṃ
Ablative (fifth)	sakasmā or sakamhā or sakā	sakehi or sakebhi
Genitive (sixth)	sakassa	sakānaṃ
Locative (seventh)	sakasmiṃ or sakamhi or sake	sakesu
Vocative (calling)	saka	sakā

Declension table of "sakā" (feminine)

Case / Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	sakā	sakāyo or sakā
Accusative (second)	sakaṃ	sakāyo or sakā
Instrumental (third)	sakāya	sakāhi or sakābhi
Dative (fourth)	sakāya	sakānaṃ
Ablative (fifth)	sakāya	sakāhi or sakābhi
Genitive (sixth)	sakāya	sakānaṃ
Locative (seventh)	sakāya or sakāyaṃ	sakāsu
Vocative (calling)	sake	sakāyo or sakā

Declension table of "saka" (neuter)

Case / Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	sakaṃ	sakāni
Accusative (second)	sakaṃ	sakāni
Instrumental (third)	sakena	sakehi or sakebhi
Dative (fourth)	sakassa or sakāya or sakatthaṃ	sakānaṃ
Ablative (fifth)	sakasmā or sakamhā or sakā	sakehi or sakebhi
Genitive (sixth)	sakassa	sakānaṃ
Locative (seventh)	sakasmiṃ or sakamhi or sake	sakesu
Vocative (calling)	saka	sakāni

Etymology 2

Extracted from Pali sakkoti and sakkati.

Noun

saka ?

1. The Pali roots sak and sakk.
   • c. 500 AD, Dhatumañjusa; republished in Dines Andersen & Helmer Smith, The Pāli Dhātupāṭha and the Dhātumañjūsā, Copenhagen: Andr. Fred. Host & son, 1921, page 46:

     121. Su savane saka sattimhi
     khi khayamhi gi saddane
     apa sambhu ca pāpuṇane
     hi gatimhi vu saṃvare.

     121. Su for listening, sak for strength, / khī for dimunition, ge for sound / ap for progeny and attainment / hi for gone, var for restraint.

References

Pali Text Society (1921–1925), “saka”, in Pali-English Dictionary‎, London: Chipstead

Papiamentu

Etymology

Etymology tree

Portuguese sacarder.

Proto-Indo-European *seh₂g-

Proto-Indo-European *-ti

Proto-Indo-European *séh₂gti

Proto-Germanic *sakaną

Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌽 (sakan)bor.?

Old Spanish sacar

Spanish sacarder.

Papiamentu saka

Derived from Portuguese sacar and Spanish sacar.

Verb

saka

1. to vomit

Polish

Etymology

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsa.ka/
• Rhymes: -aka
• Syllabification: sa‧ka

Noun

saka m inan

1. genitive singular of sak

Swahili

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Verb

-saka (infinitive kusaka)

1. to chase, to hunt down, to track down, to search for

Conjugation

Conjugation of -saka
Positive present -nasaka Subjunctive -sake Negative -saki Imperative singular saka
Infinitives
Positive kusaka Negative kutosaka
Imperatives
Singular saka Plural sakeni
Tensed forms
Habitual husaka Positive past positive subject concord + -lisaka Negative past negative subject concord + -kusaka
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nasaka) Singular Plural 1st person ninasaka/nasaka tunasaka 2nd person unasaka mnasaka 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anasaka wanasaka other classes positive subject concord + -nasaka
Negative present (negative subject concord + -saki) Singular Plural 1st person sisaki hatusaki 2nd person husaki hamsaki 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hasaki hawasaki other classes negative subject concord + -saki
Positive future positive subject concord + -tasaka Negative future negative subject concord + -tasaka
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -sake) Singular Plural 1st person nisake tusake 2nd person usake msake 3rd person m-wa(I/II) asake wasake other classes positive subject concord + -sake
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sisake Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngesaka Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singesaka Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalisaka Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalisaka
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -asaka) Singular Plural 1st person nasaka twasaka 2nd person wasaka mwasaka 3rd person m-wa(I/II) asaka wasaka m-mi(III/IV) wasaka yasaka ji-ma(V/VI) lasaka yasaka ki-vi(VII/VIII) chasaka vyasaka n(IX/X) yasaka zasaka u(XI) wasaka see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwasaka pa(XVI) pasaka mu(XVIII) mwasaka
Perfect positive subject concord + -mesaka "Already" positive subject concord + -meshasaka "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jasaka "If/When" positive subject concord + -kisaka "If not" positive subject concord + -siposaka Consecutive kasaka / positive subject concord + -kasaka Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kasake
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nisaka -tusaka 2nd person -kusaka -wasaka/-kusakeni/-wasakeni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -msaka -wasaka m-mi(III/IV) -usaka -isaka ji-ma(V/VI) -lisaka -yasaka ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kisaka -visaka n(IX/X) -isaka -zisaka u(XI) -usaka see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kusaka pa(XVI) -pasaka mu(XVIII) -musaka Reflexive -jisaka
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -saka- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -sakaye -sakao m-mi(III/IV) -sakao -sakayo ji-ma(V/VI) -sakalo -sakayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -sakacho -sakavyo n(IX/X) -sakayo -sakazo u(XI) -sakao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -sakako pa(XVI) -sakapo mu(XVIII) -sakamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -saka) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yesaka -osaka m-mi(III/IV) -osaka -yosaka ji-ma(V/VI) -losaka -yosaka ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chosaka -vyosaka n(IX/X) -yosaka -zosaka u(XI) -osaka see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kosaka pa(XVI) -posaka mu(XVIII) -mosaka
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Passive: -sakwa

• Nominal derivations:
  • msako (“chase, hunt, search”)

Swedish

Verb

saka (present sakar, preterite sakade, supine sakat, imperative saka)

1. (card games) to play an arbitrary (useless) card instead of one in the correct suit, when one is obliged but unable to follow suit

Conjugation

Conjugation of saka (weak)

	active		passive
infinitive	saka		sakas
supine	sakat		sakats
imperative	saka		—
imper. plural1	saken		—
	present	past	present	past
indicative	sakar	sakade	sakas	sakades
ind. plural1	saka	sakade	sakas	sakades
subjunctive2	sake	sakade	sakes	sakades
present participle		sakande
past participle		sakad

¹ Archaic. ² Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

Anagrams

• aska, kasa

Tagalog

Alternative forms

• saca — obsolete, Spanish-based spelling

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *saká (“and, also”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /saˈkaʔ/ [sɐˈx̠aʔ], /saˈka/ [sɐˈx̠a]
• Rhymes: -aʔ, -a
• Syllabification: sa‧ka

Conjunction

sakâ or saká (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜃ)

1. and

   Synonyms: at, at saka, 'tsaka, pati

See also

• sampon

Adverb

sakâ (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜃ)

1. then; and then; afterwards
2. besides; moreover

   Synonym: bukod sa

3. at another time

   Synonym: saka na

Derived terms

• 'tsaka
• at saka
• manaka-naka
• saka na
• saka-saka

Etymology 2

Etymology tree

Old Persian 𐎿𐎣 (s-k)

Old Persian -𐎠 (-a)

Old Persian 𐎿𐎣𐎠 (s-k-a)bor.

Sanskrit शक (śaka)

Sanskrit शाक (śāka)der.?

Proto-Indo-European *seh₂g-

Proto-Indo-European *-ti

Proto-Indo-European *séh₂gti

Proto-Germanic *sakaną

Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌽 (sakan)bor.?

Old Spanish sacar

Spanish sacardeverb.

Spanish sacabor.?

Tagalog saka

Uncertain. Possibly from the following:

• From Sanskrit शाक (śāka, “vegetable; herb”), according to Potet (2016). Compare Malagasy saha (“garden; orchard”).
• Borrowed from Spanish saca (“removal; extraction; dig out”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈsaka/ [ˈsaː.x̠ɐ]
• Rhymes: -aka
• Syllabification: sa‧ka

Noun

saka (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜃ)

1. farming; cultivation of a piece of land

   Synonyms: pagsasaka, agrikultura, pagbubukid, paglilinang

2. farmland

   Synonyms: linang, taniman

Derived terms

• magsaka
• magsasaka
• masaka
• pagsasaka
• pansaka
• sakahan
• sakahin
• tagapagsaka
• tagasaka

Etymology 3

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *seh₂g-

Proto-Indo-European *-ti

Proto-Indo-European *séh₂gti

Proto-Germanic *sakaną

Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌽 (sakan)bor.?

Old Spanish sacar

Spanish sacarbor.

Tagalog saka

Borrowed from Spanish sacar, from Old Spanish sacar, possibly borrowed from Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌽 (sakan), from Proto-Germanic *sakaną, from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂gti, from *seh₂g- + *-ti.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /saˈka/ [sɐˈx̠a]
• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: sa‧ka

Noun

saká (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜃ)

1. copying; tracing (of a drawing, figure, or design)

   Synonyms: kopya, pagkopya

2. acquisition of goods by consignment
3. importation (of goods)

   Synonyms: angkat, pag-angkat

Derived terms

• sakahan
• sakahin

Further reading

• “saka”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, 2018
• Potet, Jean-Paul G. (2016), Tagalog Borrowings and Cognates, Lulu Press, →ISBN, page 294

Anagrams

• kasa, saak

Ternate

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsa.ka/

Verb

saka

1. (transitive) to thrust

Conjugation

Conjugation of saka

		singular	plural
			inclusive	exclusive
1st person		tosaka	fosaka	misaka
2nd person		nosaka	nisaka
3rd person	masculine	osaka	isaka yosaka (archaic)
	feminine	mosaka
	neuter	isaka

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsa.ka/

Verb

saka

1. (stative) to be almost bearing fruit

Conjugation

Conjugation of saka

		singular	plural
			inclusive	exclusive
1st person		tosaka	fosaka	misaka
2nd person		nosaka	nisaka
3rd person	masculine	osaka	isaka yosaka (archaic)
	feminine	mosaka
	neuter	isaka

References

• Rika Hayami-Allen (2001), A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Turkish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [saka]
• Hyphenation: sa‧ka

Etymology 1

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish سقا (sakka, saka, “water carrier”), from Arabic سَقَّاء (saqqāʔ, “water-carrier”).

Noun

saka (definite accusative sakayı, plural sakalar)

1. water carrier, waterman, someone who distributes or supplies water for a living

   Synonym: sucu

2. ellipsis of saka kuşu (“goldfinch”)

Declension

Declension of saka

	singular	plural
nominative	saka	sakalar
definite accusative	sakayı	sakaları
dative	sakaya	sakalara
locative	sakada	sakalarda
ablative	sakadan	sakalardan
genitive	sakanın	sakaların

Derived terms

• Amerika sakası
• koyu sırtlı saka
• Lawrence sakası
• saka gediği
• saka kuşu
• sakabaşı
• sakalık

idiomatic uses of "saka"

• saka beygiri gibi

Further reading

• “saka”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
• Ayverdi, İlhan (2010), “saka”, in Misalli Büyük Türkçe Sözlük, a reviewed and expanded single-volume edition, Istanbul: Kubbealtı Neşriyatı
• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “saka4”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 4, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4025
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “saka2”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

Etymology 2

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish صعقه (saʼka), from Arabic صَعْقَة (ṣaʕqa, “fainting”).

Noun

saka (definite accusative sakayı, plural sakalar)

1. synonym of bayılma (“faint, swoon”)

Declension

Declension of saka

	singular	plural
nominative	saka	sakalar
definite accusative	sakayı	sakaları
dative	sakaya	sakalara
locative	sakada	sakalarda
ablative	sakadan	sakalardan
genitive	sakanın	sakaların

Derived terms

• saka-i hafife
• saka-i şedide

Further reading

• “saka”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “sa’ka”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 4, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4025

Etymology 3

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ساقه (saka, “rearguard”), from Arabic سَاقَة (sāqa, “rear, back”).

Noun

saka (definite accusative sakayı, plural sakalar)

1. (military) synonym of artçı (“rearguard”)

Declension

Declension of saka

	singular	plural
nominative	saka	sakalar
definite accusative	sakayı	sakaları
dative	sakaya	sakalara
locative	sakada	sakalarda
ablative	sakadan	sakalardan
genitive	sakanın	sakaların

Derived terms

• sakatü’l-ceyş

Further reading

• Ayverdi, İlhan (2010), “saka”, in Misalli Büyük Türkçe Sözlük, a reviewed and expanded single-volume edition, Istanbul: Kubbealtı Neşriyatı
• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “saka3”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 4, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4025

Etymology 4

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

saka (definite accusative sakayı, plural sakalar)

1. alternative form of sakağı (“glanders”)

Declension

Declension of saka

singular plural nominative saka sakalar definite accusative sakayı sakaları dative sakaya sakalara locative sakada sakalarda ablative sakadan sakalardan genitive sakanın sakaların Possessive forms nominative singular plural 1st singular sakam sakalarım 2nd singular sakan sakaların 3rd singular sakası sakaları 1st plural sakamız sakalarımız 2nd plural sakanız sakalarınız 3rd plural sakaları sakaları definite accusative singular plural 1st singular sakamı sakalarımı 2nd singular sakanı sakalarını 3rd singular sakasını sakalarını 1st plural sakamızı sakalarımızı 2nd plural sakanızı sakalarınızı 3rd plural sakalarını sakalarını dative singular plural 1st singular sakama sakalarıma 2nd singular sakana sakalarına 3rd singular sakasına sakalarına 1st plural sakamıza sakalarımıza 2nd plural sakanıza sakalarınıza 3rd plural sakalarına sakalarına locative singular plural 1st singular sakamda sakalarımda 2nd singular sakanda sakalarında 3rd singular sakasında sakalarında 1st plural sakamızda sakalarımızda 2nd plural sakanızda sakalarınızda 3rd plural sakalarında sakalarında ablative singular plural 1st singular sakamdan sakalarımdan 2nd singular sakandan sakalarından 3rd singular sakasından sakalarından 1st plural sakamızdan sakalarımızdan 2nd plural sakanızdan sakalarınızdan 3rd plural sakalarından sakalarından genitive singular plural 1st singular sakamın sakalarımın 2nd singular sakanın sakalarının 3rd singular sakasının sakalarının 1st plural sakamızın sakalarımızın 2nd plural sakanızın sakalarınızın 3rd plural sakalarının sakalarının

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “saka5”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 4, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4025

Waray-Waray

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sakay, compare Tetum sa'e.

Verb

saka

1. to ascend, to go up