UMengameli waseMelika
uMengameli waseMelika uyinhloko yezwe kanye nenhloko yegatsha lokuphatha laseMelika futhi ungumkhuzi-jikelele wamabutho ahlomileyo aseMelika.
Amandla okoshayamthetho
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]iSahluko sokuqala, iNgxenye yokuqala yomThethosisekelo unikeza onke amandla okushaya imithetho futhi isahkulo sokuqala, ingxenye sesithupha kanye nesigwebo sesibili sinqanda uMengameli kanye nawonke amalunga wegatsha lokuphatha ukuba ngamalunga esiGungu sikazwelonke. Nakuba kunjalo isiqu sikaMengameli sesimanje sinethonya kwezoshayamthetho.
Ukuphawula imithethosivivinywa
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]uMengameli unegunya lokunqanda umthethosivivinywa. isiGungu singamehlula uMengameli ngokushaya umthethosivivinywa onqandiwe ngokuwushaya ngamangamabili kwesithathu samavoti wamalungu eSenate kanye nesiNdlini yeziThunywa. Lamandla wayehloswe ukugwema ukhuba wesiGungu ukwandisa amandla ayo ngendlela ezozala umbuso womphoqo weningi. uMkhuzi George Washington, owayengumengameli waseMelika wokuqala, wayekholwa ukuthi uMengameli kufanele asebenzise legunya ngobuchule. Kepha, ngesimanje, uMengameli unomkhuba okunqanda imithethosivivinywa engahambelani nezinhloso noma izinkolomqondo zakhe. Uma umthethosivivinywa ubekwa ngaphambi koMengameli (emuva kokuthi ushayiwe isiGungu), uMengameli unezinkethakalo ezintathu:
- Ukuphawula lowomthethosivivinywa ngaphakathi kwezinsuku eziyishumi (ngaphandle kweSonto) ekuholela ekutheni lowomthethosivivinywa ubengumthetho.
- Ukunqanda lowomthethosivivinywa ngaphakathi kwezinsuku eziyishumi, awubuyise endlini yesiGungu lapho uvele khona, ejobe amaphuzo echaza izizahu zokuba angavumelani nalowomthetho. Lowomthethosivivinywa awubi umthetho ngaphandle kokuthi izindlu ezimbili zesiGungu ziwushaya kabusha ngamabili kwesithathu samavoti.
- Engenzi lutho. Uma isiGungu sisahleli, lowomthethosivivinywa uzoba ngumthetho. Kepha uma isiGungu singahlalanga, lowomthethosivivinywa ngeke ube ngumthetho.
Ukuhlela imithetho
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Isahluko sesibili, ingxenye yesithathu, isigwebo sesibili siphoqa uMengameli ukuthi ahlongoze lokhu okufunekayo okomthetho. Lokhu angakwenza kokufaka izimpakamiso kwinkulumo yeSethulo sobuNjalo boBumbano. Futhi kukhona ezinye izindlela zokuxhumana nesiGungu ukusasiza ngezimpakamiso zakhe. Ngokuba umthethosisekelo uvumela amalunga esiGungu ukuthi ahlongoze imithetho, uMengameli kufanele asebenze nomunye wamalunga ukuthi imithetho afuna ukuthi ishayiwe ibekwe ngaphambi kwesiGungu. Lokho akunzima ngoba iqembu likaMengameli linamalungu esiGungweni. Futhi, uMengameli angasongela isiGungu ngokunqanda umthetho uma ungachibiyeli umthethosivivinywa ngendlela ayifunayo.
Ukuvumela imiyalo
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Imithetho ayinayonke iminingo edingekayo ukuphoqelela umthetho. Kungakho imithetho ivame ukunikeza amandla okushaya imiyalo edingekayo ukuphoqelela imithetho ezimpikweni zegatsha lokuphatha. Ngokuba izimpiko ziyingxenye yegatsha lokuphatha, zingaphansi kweMengameli. uMengameli angayala izimpiko ukuthi zikhiphe imiyalo ehambelana nentando yakhe. Lokho kuvumela uMengameli ukuthi aguqule indlela umthetho uphoqelelwa ngayo. Lokho kungenza ukuthi umthetho uphoqelelwe ngendlela engahlosiwe yisiGungu.
Ukubiza nokuhlakaza isiGungu
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Isahluko sesibili, ingxenye yesithathu ivumela uMengameli ukuthi abize isiGungu ukuthi sihlalele inhlangano ekhethekile uma kusehlakalo esiphuthumayo esingahleliwe. uJohn Adams wayenguMengameli wokuqala waseMelika ukukwenza lokhu. Lokhu kugcine ukwenzeka ngoNtulikazi 1948 nguHarry S. Truman. Kodwa akusadingeki ukuthi uMengameli awkenze lokhu ngoba isiGunga sihlala unyaka wonke. Uma iNdlu yeziThunywa kanye neSenate zingavumelani ngesikhathi sokuhlakaza, uMengameli ugunyaziwe ukuzihlakaza. Kodwa, akukaze kwenzeke.
Amandla okuphatha
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]uMengamli uyinhloko yegatsha lokuphatha. Iqhaza elimqoka lakhe ezombusazwe zaseMelika kungukuqinisekisa ukuthi imithetho iphoqelelwe ngokufanele ezweni.
Amandla ophathahlelo
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]uMengameli uqoka iziqu zombusazwe isib. Amanxusa, amalunga eKhabhinethi, kanye nezinye izikhundla zidinga ukuvumelwa yiSenate. Ngokuvamile, uMengameli angasusa nasini igosa legatsha lokuphatha. Kodwa, isiGungu singakhawulo amandla weMengameli okuxosha abasebenzi namagosa ngomthetho. uMengameli unegunya lokulawula imisebenzi yezimpiko zegatsha lokuphatha khoshaya imiyalo njengezimemezelo zikamengameli kanye nezimiso zokuphatha. Imiyalo kamengameli ingachithwa yigatsha lobulungiswa uma ingahambelani nemithetho ikakhulu umthethosisekelo. Futhi, isiGungu singachitha imiyalo kaMengameli ngokushaya umthetho.
Ezobudlelwane namazwe
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Isahluko sesibili, ingxenye yesithathu, isigwebo sesine sithi uMengameli kufanele amkele amanxusa wamanye amazwe. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi uMengameli unegunya elibanzi kwezobudlelwane namazwe. Unegunya lokwamkela amazwe kanye nokwala ukuzimela kwamazwe athile. Futhi, uMengameli angaxosha inxusa lelizwe elithile. uMengameli uqoka amanxusa eMelika futhi uyena oxoxa imivumelwano namanye amazwe. Imivumelwano iba ingxenye yomthetho waseMelika uma ivunyelwa amabili kwesithathu samalunga eSenate.
Amandla kwezempi
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]uMengameli ungumkhuzi-jikelele wamabutho ahlomileyo aseMelika. isiGungu sinamandla okomthethosisekelo ukumemeza impi nelinye izwe kepha uMengameli nguyena oqondisa futhi oyala amabutho ahlomileyo. Ngesimanje, uMengameli uvumelwe ukuthi athume amabutho engaphansi kwezinsuku ezingama-60. Imikhankaso engaphezu kwalezizinsuku kufanele ivunyelwe yisiGungu. Kepha iningi lesikhathi uMengameli uthuma amabutho isikhathi esindlula lezinsuku ngoba kufanele kuqhumiswe izinguxazeka ezingakaze zisetshenziswe. IsiGungu siyilona lodwa kwezikhungo zikambusazwe esishaya isabelomali samabutho ahlomileyo. Futhi singashaya imithetho elawulo ukuziphatha kwamabutho. Abaphikisi bathi kunezimpi eziningi lapho uMengameli angagunyazwanga isiGungu: ukuhlaselwa kwePanama nge-1903, iMpi yaseKoriya, iMpi yaseVietnam, ukuhlaselwa kweGrenana nge-1983, kanye nePanama nge-1989. Iningi lokhuzo wezinsuku ngezinsuku wamaButho usezandleni zoMnyango wezokuVikela. uSihlalo weziNduna zabaSebenzi eziHlangene kanye nabaKhuzi bamaJoni ngokwoHlelo loKhuzo oluHlangene basiza ngokhuzo lwezinsuku ngezinsuku.
Amandla kwezobulungiswa
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]uMengameli unamandla okuphakamisa abehluleli bobumbano (lokhu kubandakanya amalunga izinkantolo zokudluliswa kwamacala zaseMelika kanye neNkantolo ePhakemeyo yaseMelika). Kodwa kufuneka ukuthi iSenate ivumo lezinqoko.
uMengameli angaxolela amacala ukuze kususwe isigwebo noma isigwebo singaphoqelelwa. uMengameli angahoxa ekwazisweni emphakathini izinxumaniso eziqondene nqo noMengameli ngenkathi enza umsebenzi obuMengameli. Kodwa, lemvumo ayikwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukugwema ukushushiselwa ezobugebengu isib. uRichard Nixon wayezama ukufihla ubufakazi ngenkathi yehlazo laseWatergate kanye noBill Clinton ngenkathi yehlazo lakaLewinsky.
uMengameli kanye negatsha lokuphatha uvumelekile ukuhoxa ulwazi noma imibhalo ekutholakalweni iminqubo yezomthetho uma ukwaziswa emphakathini kwalowolwazi kungalimaza ukuphepha kwezwe. uMnyango wezobuLungiswa unomqubomgomo okungavula amacala kuMengameli ohleli esihlalweni.
Ukhetho lukaMengameli
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Ngokwesahluko sesibili, ingxenye yokuqala isigwebo esihlanu soMthethosisekelo, kunemibandela entathu ukuthi umuntu abenguMengameli:
- Ukuba isakhamuzi okwenzalo yaseMelika
- Ukuba ngakonani iminyaka engama-35
- Ukuhlala eMelika iminyaka eyi-14
Nakuba umuntu efeza lemibandelo, anganqatshwa ukungena esihlalweni uma ethintwa nayinye yalemibandela:
- Ukuxoshwa esikhundleni somphakathi
- Ukuvukela umbuso
- Ukuba esikhundleni kabili
Amaqembu amabili wezombusazwe aseMelika abanemikhetho ngaphakathi kuqala ukukhetha umphakanyiswa ozoyimela okhethweni likazwelonke jikelele. Iziphakanyiswa zamaqembu zimenywa empikiswaneni esasazekiswa kumabonakude.
Okhethweni kazwelonke, izakhamuzi zikhetha iqembu lombusazwe ukuthi limele isifunda sokhetho ababhaliswe kuso. Ilunga leqembu lombusazwe elithola iningi lamavoti kulesosifunda simela izakhamuzi zalesosifunda eNkomfeni yoKhetho. iNkomfa yoKhetho yiyona ekhetha uMengameli.
Isikhathi sesikhundla sikaMengameli siqala ngomhla 20 kaMasingane. Kufanele ukuthi uMengameli enze isifungo sokulondolza iMelika nokugcina imithetho yayo. uMehluleli oyiNduna waseMelika kuvamile ukuthi kube nguye omenzisa isifungo. AboMengameli abaningi babeka isandla sabo eBhayibhelini futhi kujwayelekile ukuthi bajobe "Ngisize Thixo" ekugcineni kwesifungo.