Skip to main content
Skip to navigation
Print subscriptions
Newsletters
Sign in
US
US edition
UK edition
Australia edition
Europe edition
International edition
The Guardian - Back to home
The Guardian
News
Opinion
Sport
Culture
Lifestyle
Show more
Hide expanded menu
News
View all News
US news
US politics
Midterms 2026
World news
Climate crisis
Middle East
Ukraine
US immigration
Soccer
Business
Environment
Tech
Science
Newsletters
The Filter
Wellness
Opinion
View all Opinion
The Guardian view
Columnists
Letters
Opinion videos
Cartoons
Sport
View all Sport
Soccer
NFL
Tennis
MLB
MLS
NBA
WNBA
NHL
F1
Golf
Culture
View all Culture
Film
Books
Music
Art & design
TV & radio
Stage
Classical
Games
Design a better world
Lifestyle
View all Lifestyle
The Filter
Wellness
Fashion
Food
Recipes
Love & sex
Home & garden
Health & fitness
Family
Travel
Money
Search input
google-search
Search
Support us
Print subscriptions
Newsletters
Download the app
Search jobs
Digital Archive
Guardian Licensing
Live events
About Us
The Guardian app
Video
Podcasts
Pictures
Inside the Guardian
Guardian Weekly
Crosswords
Wordiply
Corrections
Tips
Search input
google-search
Search
Search jobs
Digital Archive
Guardian Licensing
Live events
About Us
Vax facts
October 2021
Paid for by
The global future of vaccines
Infectious diseases and vaccines: A brief history
Explore more on these topics
Vax facts
