refraction theory

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• Dynamical theory of diffraction — The dynamical theory of diffraction describes the interaction of waves with a regular lattice. The wave fields traditionally described are X rays, neutrons or electrons and the regular lattice, atomic crystal structures or nanometer scaled multi… …   Wikipedia

• Multiple-prism dispersion theory — The first description of multiple prism arrays, and multiple prism dispersion, was given by Newton in his book Opticks.[1] Prism pair expanders were introduced by Brewster in 1813.[2] A modern mathematical description of the single prism… …   Wikipedia

• Negative refraction — is the name for an electromagnetic phenomenon where light rays are refracted at an interface in the reverse sense to that normally expected. Such an effect can be obtained using a metamaterial which has been designed to achieve a negative value… …   Wikipedia

• catastrophe theory — Math. a theory, based on topology, for studying discontinuous processes and the mathematical models that describe them. [1970 75] * * * Branch of mathematics (considered a branch of geometry) that explores how gradual changes to a system produce… …   Universalium

• Wave theory — Wave Wave, n. [From {Wave}, v.; not the same word as OE. wawe, waghe, a wave, which is akin to E. wag to move. [root]138. See {Wave}, v. i.] [1913 Webster] 1. An advancing ridge or swell on the surface of a liquid, as of the sea, resulting from… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

• Wave-line theory — Wave Wave, n. [From {Wave}, v.; not the same word as OE. wawe, waghe, a wave, which is akin to E. wag to move. [root]138. See {Wave}, v. i.] [1913 Webster] 1. An advancing ridge or swell on the surface of a liquid, as of the sea, resulting from… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

• Airy wave theory — In fluid dynamics, Airy wave theory (often referred to as linear wave theory) gives a linearised description of the propagation of gravity waves on the surface of a homogeneous fluid layer. The theory assumes that the fluid layer has a uniform… …   Wikipedia

• Emission theory (vision) — Emission theory or extramission theory is the proposal that visual perception is accomplished by rays of light emitted by the eyes. This theory has been replaced by intromission theory, which is that visual perception is accomplished by rays of… …   Wikipedia

• Scattering theory — Top: the real part of a plane wave travelling upwards. Bottom: The real part of the field after inserting in the path of the plane wave a small transparent disk of index of refraction higher than the index of the surrounding medium. This object… …   Wikipedia

• Radiative transfer equation and diffusion theory for photon transport in biological tissue — Photon transport in biological tissue can be equivalently modeled numerically with Monte Carlo simulations or analytically by the radiative transfer equation (RTE). However, the RTE is difficult to solve without introducing approximations. A… …   Wikipedia