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1 innovación
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2 difusión innovadora
• innovation-dominated strategy• innovative diffusion• innovative efficiency -
3 innovador
• innovation• innovative diffusion• innovative efficiency• innovatory• innuendo• revolutionary change• revolutionist• revolutions per minute -
4 innovación
f.1 invention, new thing, contrivance.2 innovation, novation, breakthrough, new way.* * *1 innovation* * *noun f.* * *SF innovation* * *femenino innovation* * *= breakthrough [break-through], innovation, innovativeness, discontinuity.Ex. With the exception of a few prescient observers, most predictions of the 20th century overlooked such breakthroughs as the computer.Ex. Accounting for his departures from Panizzi's rules, Jewett explained that some of them were useful 'innovations' and others represented 'modifications adapted to the peculiar character of the system now proposed'.Ex. It was apparent that, within their parent organizations, SLIS were favourably regarded for their willingness to adopt and adapt to IT initiatives, and for their educational innovativeness.Ex. New strategies have to be invented by libraries to cope with a period of transition and discontinuity.----* adaptarse a una innovación = meet + development.* innovación tecnológica = technological innovation.* investigación para la creación de innovaciones = innovation research.* * *femenino innovation* * *= breakthrough [break-through], innovation, innovativeness, discontinuity.Ex: With the exception of a few prescient observers, most predictions of the 20th century overlooked such breakthroughs as the computer.
Ex: Accounting for his departures from Panizzi's rules, Jewett explained that some of them were useful 'innovations' and others represented 'modifications adapted to the peculiar character of the system now proposed'.Ex: It was apparent that, within their parent organizations, SLIS were favourably regarded for their willingness to adopt and adapt to IT initiatives, and for their educational innovativeness.Ex: New strategies have to be invented by libraries to cope with a period of transition and discontinuity.* adaptarse a una innovación = meet + development.* innovación tecnológica = technological innovation.* investigación para la creación de innovaciones = innovation research.* * *innovationinnovaciones técnicas technical innovations* * *
innovación sustantivo femenino
innovation
innovación sustantivo femenino innovation
' innovación' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
novedad
English:
innovation
* * *innovación nfinnovation* * *f innovation* * * -
5 novedad
f.1 newness (cualidad) (de nuevo).el nuevo sistema operativo incluye muchas novedades the new operating system incorporates many new featureses igual que el model anterior con la novedad de que utiliza energía solar it is the same as the previous model except that it now uses solar power2 change (cambio).desde que te fuiste ha habido muchas novedades en la oficina there have been a lot of changes in the office since you left3 news (noticia).4 new thing (cosa nueva).5 latest news.6 novelty, novelty value, fad.7 development, change in situation.* * *1 (cualidad) newness2 (cosa nueva) novelty3 (cambio) change, innovation■ está introduciendo muchas novedades en el departamento he's making a lot of changes in the department4 (noticia) news■ ¡vaya una novedad, hace tiempo que lo sabíamos! that's nothing new - we've known for quite a while!\sin novedad without incidentsin novedad en el frente all's quiet on the Western front* * *noun f.* * *SF1) (=cualidad) novelty, newnessla novedad del método sorprendió a todos — the novelty o newness of the method surprised everyone
2) (=cosa nueva) noveltyhace tiempo que la reflexología ha dejado de ser (una) novedad — reflexology ceased to be a novelty a long time ago
¿llegó tarde? ¡vaya novedad! — iró so he was late? surprise, surprise!
3) (=cambio)la jornada ha transcurrido sin novedad — it has been a quiet day, it has been a normal day
sin novedad en el frente — (Mil) hum all quiet on the Western front
4) pl novedades (=noticias) news* * *1)a) ( cosa nueva) innovationla gran novedad para esta temporada — the latest idea (o fashion etc) for this season
b) ( cualidad) newness, noveltyc) novedades femenino plural novelties (pl)2)a) ( noticia)¿cómo sigue? - sin novedad — how is he? - much the same
b) (percance, contratiempo)sin novedad en el frente — (hum) all quiet on the Western front (hum)
* * *= innovation, recency, up-to-dateness, novelty, hype, the, newness, recentness, new release, advance.Ex. Accounting for his departures from Panizzi's rules, Jewett explained that some of them were useful 'innovations' and others represented 'modifications adapted to the peculiar character of the system now proposed'.Ex. The four were: accuracy, content (the breadth or scope), recency (up-to-dateness) and frequency of presentation.Ex. Up-to-dateness is particularly vital since recent and current information is in heaviest usage.Ex. IT can motivate children, provide a ' novelty' factor to enliven routine work and serve as a bridge between the classroom and the library.Ex. However, given the hype about the networking of public libraries in the US, it is perhaps surprising to note that only 21% have some form of connection to the Internet.Ex. Newness is an intrinsic part of change.Ex. Such droops cannot be explained as the result of a relatively high scattering, due to the recentness of the topic.Ex. Attempts to order items can be problematical due to many catalogues no keeping up with deletions and new releases.Ex. I think that the most important advance that we can look forward to is a great increase in the amount of authority data in MARC form.----* atractivo de la novedad = novelty appeal, novelty value.* boletín de novedades = current-awareness publication, current awareness bulletin.* de última novedad = streamlined.* información de novedades = press release.* novedad comercial = industry update.* novedades = roundup [round-up], daily news alerts, news alerts, roundup of news, roundup of news.* novedad pasajera = sizzle.* resumen de novedades = roundup [round-up], roundup of news, roundup of news.* ser la novedad = be on the scene.* ser una novedad en el contexto del que se está hablando = be a newcomer to the scene.* servicio de novedades = alerting device, alerting service, news alerts.* servicio de novedades a través del correo electrónico = e-mail alert.* sistema de alerta de novedades tecnológicas = technology watch.* tienda de novedades = novelty shop.* últimas novedades de = fresh out from.* valor de la novedad = novelty value.* * *1)a) ( cosa nueva) innovationla gran novedad para esta temporada — the latest idea (o fashion etc) for this season
b) ( cualidad) newness, noveltyc) novedades femenino plural novelties (pl)2)a) ( noticia)¿cómo sigue? - sin novedad — how is he? - much the same
b) (percance, contratiempo)sin novedad en el frente — (hum) all quiet on the Western front (hum)
* * *= innovation, recency, up-to-dateness, novelty, hype, the, newness, recentness, new release, advance.Ex: Accounting for his departures from Panizzi's rules, Jewett explained that some of them were useful 'innovations' and others represented 'modifications adapted to the peculiar character of the system now proposed'.
Ex: The four were: accuracy, content (the breadth or scope), recency (up-to-dateness) and frequency of presentation.Ex: Up-to-dateness is particularly vital since recent and current information is in heaviest usage.Ex: IT can motivate children, provide a ' novelty' factor to enliven routine work and serve as a bridge between the classroom and the library.Ex: However, given the hype about the networking of public libraries in the US, it is perhaps surprising to note that only 21% have some form of connection to the Internet.Ex: Newness is an intrinsic part of change.Ex: Such droops cannot be explained as the result of a relatively high scattering, due to the recentness of the topic.Ex: Attempts to order items can be problematical due to many catalogues no keeping up with deletions and new releases.Ex: I think that the most important advance that we can look forward to is a great increase in the amount of authority data in MARC form.* atractivo de la novedad = novelty appeal, novelty value.* boletín de novedades = current-awareness publication, current awareness bulletin.* de última novedad = streamlined.* información de novedades = press release.* novedad comercial = industry update.* novedades = roundup [round-up], daily news alerts, news alerts, roundup of news, roundup of news.* novedad pasajera = sizzle.* resumen de novedades = roundup [round-up], roundup of news, roundup of news.* ser la novedad = be on the scene.* ser una novedad en el contexto del que se está hablando = be a newcomer to the scene.* servicio de novedades = alerting device, alerting service, news alerts.* servicio de novedades a través del correo electrónico = e-mail alert.* sistema de alerta de novedades tecnológicas = technology watch.* tienda de novedades = novelty shop.* últimas novedades de = fresh out from.* valor de la novedad = novelty value.* * *A1 (cosa nueva) innovationla última novedad en el campo de la informática the latest innovation in the field of computingen este modelo se han introducido algunas novedades some new features have been introduced on this modella gran novedad para esta temporada the latest idea ( o fashion etc) for this seasontodas las novedades en discos all the latest records3 (cualidad) newness, noveltycuando se acaba la novedad when the novelty wears offB1(noticia): no es ninguna novedad que viven juntos everybody knows they're living together¡vaya novedad! ( iró); have you only just heard?, that's hardly news!¿cómo sigue tu padre? — sin novedad how's your father? — much the same o no change2(percance, contratiempo): llegamos sin novedad we arrived safely o without incident* * *
novedad sustantivo femenino
1
2 ( noticia):◊ ¿alguna novedad? any news?;
eso no es ninguna novedad everybody knows that;
sin novedad ‹ llegar› safely;
¿cómo sigue? — sin novedad how is he? — much the same
novedad sustantivo femenino
1 (cosa o situación nueva) novelty: no hay novedades de Juan, there is no news of John
todo transcurre sin novedad, everything is going without problems
3 (cualidad) newness, novelty
' novedad' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
primicia
- sacar
- presentar
English:
departure
- development
- innovation
- novelty
- safely
* * *novedad nf1. [cosa nueva] new thing;[innovación] innovation;el nuevo sistema operativo incluye muchas novedades the new operating system incorporates many new features;es igual que el model anterior con la novedad de que utiliza energía solar it is the same as the previous model except that it now uses solar power2.[libros] new publications; [moda] latest fashions; [en página web] what's newnovedades [discos] new releases;3. [cualidad] [de nuevo] newness;[de novedoso] novelty4. [cambio] change;el enfermo evoluciona sin novedad there has been no change in the patient's condition;desde que te fuiste ha habido muchas novedades en la oficina there have been a lot of changes in the office since you left5. [noticia] news [singular];sin novedad [sin contratiempo] without incident;Mil all quiet; Humsin novedad en el frente there's nothing to report* * *f1 novelty2 cosa new thing; acontecimiento new development;sin novedad no change, same as always;llegar sin novedad arrive safely3 ( noticia) piece of news* * *novedad nf1) : newness, novelty2) : innovation* * *novedad n1. (cambio) changesi hay alguna novedad, me llamas call me if there's any change2. (noticia) news3. (producto) latest product -
6 innovación tecnológica
f.technological innovation.* * *(n.) = technological innovationEx. There is significant optimism about technological innovation meeting any possible crisis in literature growth.* * *(n.) = technological innovationEx: There is significant optimism about technological innovation meeting any possible crisis in literature growth.
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7 afrenta
f.1 affront (ofensa, agravio).2 disgrace, shame.pres.indicat.3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: afrentar.imperat.2nd person singular (tú) Imperative of Spanish verb: afrentar.* * *1 formal affront, outrage\hacerle una afrenta a alguien to affront somebody* * *SF affront, insult* * *femenino (frml) affront (frml), insult* * *= gauntlet, stigmatisation [stigmatization, -USA], obloquy, outrage.Ex. Some time ago in a reference to the challenges of innovation, Steele (1983) described the ' gauntlet of innovation' as a process that has many barriers.Ex. Reduce the fear of stigmatization of users with disabilities through outreach and publicity.Ex. He has breasted an extraordinary amount of obloquy on behalf of our country's cause.Ex. The outrage expressed by users of the Internet brought about the passing an act aimed at ridding the Internet of pornography.* * *femenino (frml) affront (frml), insult* * *= gauntlet, stigmatisation [stigmatization, -USA], obloquy, outrage.Ex: Some time ago in a reference to the challenges of innovation, Steele (1983) described the ' gauntlet of innovation' as a process that has many barriers.
Ex: Reduce the fear of stigmatization of users with disabilities through outreach and publicity.Ex: He has breasted an extraordinary amount of obloquy on behalf of our country's cause.Ex: The outrage expressed by users of the Internet brought about the passing an act aimed at ridding the Internet of pornography.* * *( frml)affront ( frml), insultlo considero una afrenta a mi honor/dignidad I consider it an affront to my honor/dignity* * *
Del verbo afrentar: ( conjugate afrentar)
afrenta es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo
Multiple Entries:
afrenta
afrentar
afrenta sustantivo femenino affront, offence
' afrenta' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
atentado
English:
affront
- insult
* * *afrenta nf[ofensa, agravio] affront;ser una afrenta a algo to be an affront to sth* * *f insult, affront* * *afrenta nf: affront, insult -
8 desafío
m.1 challenge.2 defiance, challenging.pres.indicat.1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: desafiar.* * *1 (reto) challenge2 (duelo) duel3 (provocación) provocation, defiance* * *noun m.1) challenge2) defiance* * *SM1) (=reto) challenge2) (=combate) duel3) [a peligro, muerte] defiance* * *masculino ( a una persona) challenge; (al peligro, a la muerte) defiance* * *= challenge, gauntlet, act of defiance, defiance.Ex. The duration of the cycle varies markedly from institution to institution, dependent upon the adaptability of the institutional structure to challenge and change.Ex. Some time ago in a reference to the challenges of innovation, Steele (1983) described the ' gauntlet of innovation' as a process that has many barriers.Ex. Moreover, her fatness is an act of defiance; in a world in which women are taught to take up as little space as possible, Lilian learns to foist her way into the public sphere.Ex. Students relate easily to Mark Mathabane's questioning why he must attend school, his open defiance of his father, and his struggle to resist peer pressure.----* aceptar un desafío = throw down + the gauntlet.* plantear un desafío = pose + challenge.* * *masculino ( a una persona) challenge; (al peligro, a la muerte) defiance* * *= challenge, gauntlet, act of defiance, defiance.Ex: The duration of the cycle varies markedly from institution to institution, dependent upon the adaptability of the institutional structure to challenge and change.
Ex: Some time ago in a reference to the challenges of innovation, Steele (1983) described the ' gauntlet of innovation' as a process that has many barriers.Ex: Moreover, her fatness is an act of defiance; in a world in which women are taught to take up as little space as possible, Lilian learns to foist her way into the public sphere.Ex: Students relate easily to Mark Mathabane's questioning why he must attend school, his open defiance of his father, and his struggle to resist peer pressure.* aceptar un desafío = throw down + the gauntlet.* plantear un desafío = pose + challenge.* * *1 (a una persona) challengerepresenta un verdadero desafío para nosotros it represents a real challenge for usdesafíos por una cuestión de honor duels over a question of honor2 (al peligro, a la muerte) defiance* * *
Del verbo desafiar: ( conjugate desafiar)
desafío es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo
desafió es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo
Multiple Entries:
desafiar
desafío
desafiar ( conjugate desafiar) verbo transitivo
desafío a algn a algo/hacer algo to challenge sb to sth/do sth
desafío sustantivo masculino ( reto) challenge;
(al peligro, a la muerte) defiance
desafiar verbo transitivo
1 (incitar a competir, retar) to challenge
2 (hacer frente) to face up to: en ese espectáculo el artista desafiaba a la muerte, the artist performed a death-defying act
desafío sustantivo masculino challenge
' desafío' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
afrontar
- duelo
- reto
English:
challenge
- dare
- defiance
- defy
- take
* * *desafío nm1. [reto] challenge;aceptar el desafío de alguien to take up o accept sb's challenge;la curación del cáncer supone un desafío para la comunidad médica finding a cure for cancer is a challenge for the medical profession;el desafío tecnológico the technological challenge2. [duelo] duelel desafío a la muerte del trapecista the trapeze artist's death-defying feats* * *m challenge; al peligro defiance* * *desafío nm1) reto: challenge2) resistencia: defiance* * *desafío n challenge -
9 encontrar el modo de paliar un problema
(v.) = find + way (a)round + problemEx. Opportunities for innovation come from unexpected successes or unexpected failures and that ways round problems in dealing with innovation must be found.* * *(v.) = find + way (a)round + problemEx: Opportunities for innovation come from unexpected successes or unexpected failures and that ways round problems in dealing with innovation must be found.
Spanish-English dictionary > encontrar el modo de paliar un problema
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10 investigación para la creación de innovaciones
(n.) = innovation researchEx. In this study the concept of entropy well-known in information theory and thermodynamics is applied to the fields of scientometrics and innovation research.* * *(n.) = innovation researchEx: In this study the concept of entropy well-known in information theory and thermodynamics is applied to the fields of scientometrics and innovation research.
Spanish-English dictionary > investigación para la creación de innovaciones
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11 reto
m.1 challenge.2 defiance, challenging.pres.indicat.1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: retar.* * *1 challenge\lanzar un reto a alguien to challenge somebody* * *noun m.challenge, dare* * *SM1) (=desafío) challenge2) Cono Sur (=reprimenda) telling off, scolding3) Cono Sur (=insulto) insult* * *1) ( desafío) challenge2) (CS) ( regañina) telling-off (colloq), scolding* * *= challenge, gauntlet, act of defiance, defiance.Ex. The duration of the cycle varies markedly from institution to institution, dependent upon the adaptability of the institutional structure to challenge and change.Ex. Some time ago in a reference to the challenges of innovation, Steele (1983) described the ' gauntlet of innovation' as a process that has many barriers.Ex. Moreover, her fatness is an act of defiance; in a world in which women are taught to take up as little space as possible, Lilian learns to foist her way into the public sphere.Ex. Students relate easily to Mark Mathabane's questioning why he must attend school, his open defiance of his father, and his struggle to resist peer pressure.----* aceptar un reto = throw down + the gauntlet, call + Posesivo + bluff.* afrontar un reto = address + threat, embrace + challenge.* encontrarse ante un reto = in the face of + challenge.* enfrentarse a reto = meet + challenge.* enfrentarse a un reto = face + challenge, undertake + challenge, handle + challenge, confront + challenge.* hacer frente a un reto = rise (up) to + challenge, confront + challenge, meet + challenge, embrace + challenge.* lleno de retos = challenging.* nuevos retos = new horizons.* plantear un reto = pose + challenge.* presentar reto = defy.* presentar un reto = present + challenge, provide + challenge.* que constituye un reto = challenging.* que no representa reto = unchallenging.* reto + avecinarse = challenge + lie ahead.* reto deportivo = sporting challenge.* * *1) ( desafío) challenge2) (CS) ( regañina) telling-off (colloq), scolding* * *= challenge, gauntlet, act of defiance, defiance.Ex: The duration of the cycle varies markedly from institution to institution, dependent upon the adaptability of the institutional structure to challenge and change.
Ex: Some time ago in a reference to the challenges of innovation, Steele (1983) described the ' gauntlet of innovation' as a process that has many barriers.Ex: Moreover, her fatness is an act of defiance; in a world in which women are taught to take up as little space as possible, Lilian learns to foist her way into the public sphere.Ex: Students relate easily to Mark Mathabane's questioning why he must attend school, his open defiance of his father, and his struggle to resist peer pressure.* aceptar un reto = throw down + the gauntlet, call + Posesivo + bluff.* afrontar un reto = address + threat, embrace + challenge.* encontrarse ante un reto = in the face of + challenge.* enfrentarse a reto = meet + challenge.* enfrentarse a un reto = face + challenge, undertake + challenge, handle + challenge, confront + challenge.* hacer frente a un reto = rise (up) to + challenge, confront + challenge, meet + challenge, embrace + challenge.* lleno de retos = challenging.* nuevos retos = new horizons.* plantear un reto = pose + challenge.* presentar reto = defy.* presentar un reto = present + challenge, provide + challenge.* que constituye un reto = challenging.* que no representa reto = unchallenging.* reto + avecinarse = challenge + lie ahead.* reto deportivo = sporting challenge.* * *A (desafío) challengehacer frente a este reto importante to face up to this great challenge* * *
Del verbo retar: ( conjugate retar)
reto es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo
retó es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo
Multiple Entries:
retar
reto
retar ( conjugate retar) verbo transitivo
reto sustantivo masculino
retar verbo transitivo to challenge
reto sustantivo masculino challenge
' reto' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
A
- desafío
- preparar
English:
challenge
- dare
- face
- formidable
- give up
- take up
- rise
* * *reto nm1. [desafío] challenge2. RP [regaño] telling-off, talking-to* * *m1 challenge* * *reto nmdesafío: challenge, dare* * *reto n challenge -
12 abdicar
v.1 to abdicate.abdicar de (figurative) to renounce (principios, ideales)2 to abdicate to, to forsake, to relinquish.* * *1 (soberanía) to abdicate, renounce2 (ideales, ideas) to give up, renounce1 (soberanía) to abdicate2 (ideales, ideas) to give up (de, -)* * *verb* * *1.VT to renounce, relinquishabdicar la corona — to give up the crown, abdicate
2.VI to abdicateabdicar de algo — to renounce o relinquish sth
* * *1.verbo intransitivoa) soberano to abdicateb) (frml) ( renunciar)2.abdicar vta) <trono/corona> to give up, abdicateb) (frml) <creencias/ideales> to renounce* * *= abdicate.Ex. Will LC, after becoming the de facto national library as a result of the technological innovation of the standard, printed catalog card, be forced to abdicate its role?.----* abdicar al trono = abdicate + Posesivo + throne.* * *1.verbo intransitivoa) soberano to abdicateb) (frml) ( renunciar)2.abdicar vta) <trono/corona> to give up, abdicateb) (frml) <creencias/ideales> to renounce* * *= abdicate.Ex: Will LC, after becoming the de facto national library as a result of the technological innovation of the standard, printed catalog card, be forced to abdicate its role?.
* abdicar al trono = abdicate + Posesivo + throne.* * *abdicar [A2 ]vi1 «soberano» to abdicate abdicar EN algn to abdicate IN FAVOR OF sbabdicó de sus responsabilidades/derechos she abdicated her responsibilities/rights■ abdicarvt1 ‹trono/corona› to give up, abdicate2 ‹creencias/ideales› to renounce* * *
abdicar ( conjugate abdicar) verbo intransitivo [ soberano] to abdicate;
abdicar en algn to abdicate in favor of sb
verbo transitivo ‹trono/corona› to give up, abdicate
abdicar verbo transitivo & vi (ceder o renunciar a: unos derechos) to abdicate: el rey abdicó el trono en su hijo, the king abdicated the throne in favour of his son
(: ideas, religión) el temor a la represión le hizo abdicar de sus creencias, she recanted her beliefs out of fear of the repression
' abdicar' also found in these entries:
English:
abdicate
* * *♦ vt[trono, corona] to abdicate;abdicar el trono (en alguien) to abdicate the throne (in favour of sb)♦ vi1. [monarca] to abdicate2.abdicar de [principios, ideales] to renounce;abdicó de su derecho a apelar she gave up her right to appeal* * *v/t abdicate;abdicar en alguien abdicate in favor o Br favour of s.o.* * *abdicar {72} vt: to relinquish, to abdicate -
13 adversidad
f.1 adversity.2 setback, difficulty, set-back.* * *1 adversity, misfortune, setback* * *SF (=problemas) adversity; (=revés) setback, mishap* * *a) ( hecho) adversitysufrió todo tipo de adversidades — he suffered all sorts of setbacks o adversities
b) ( situación)c) ( cualidad) harshness, severity* * *= adversity, misfortune, tribulation, hardship, ill fate.Ex. But adversity is fertile ground for innovation, and for this reason librarians should consider adopting from the entrepreneurial model.Ex. The economic misfortunes of the decade had removed much of the opposition to the working classes using public libraries.Ex. The author discusses the tribulations of equipment selection.Ex. Ordinarily, one should avoid simultaneous 'exchanges' of personnel between units for training purposes because it is a hardship for any library section to try to train a new person while one of their 'regulars' is gone at the same time.Ex. The sad fact is that the majority of web pages suffer this same ill fate.----* ante cualquier adversidad = in the face of + adversity.* ante la adversidad = in the face of + adversity.* capaz de adaptarse y superar adversidades = resilient.* en tiempos de adversidad = in times of + adversity.* * *a) ( hecho) adversitysufrió todo tipo de adversidades — he suffered all sorts of setbacks o adversities
b) ( situación)c) ( cualidad) harshness, severity* * *= adversity, misfortune, tribulation, hardship, ill fate.Ex: But adversity is fertile ground for innovation, and for this reason librarians should consider adopting from the entrepreneurial model.
Ex: The economic misfortunes of the decade had removed much of the opposition to the working classes using public libraries.Ex: The author discusses the tribulations of equipment selection.Ex: Ordinarily, one should avoid simultaneous 'exchanges' of personnel between units for training purposes because it is a hardship for any library section to try to train a new person while one of their 'regulars' is gone at the same time.Ex: The sad fact is that the majority of web pages suffer this same ill fate.* ante cualquier adversidad = in the face of + adversity.* ante la adversidad = in the face of + adversity.* capaz de adaptarse y superar adversidades = resilient.* en tiempos de adversidad = in times of + adversity.* * *1 (hecho) adversitysufrió todo tipo de adversidades he suffered all sorts of setbacks o adversities2(situación): se conoce a los amigos en la adversidad when times are hard, you find out who your friends are3 (cualidad) harshness, severityla adversidad del clima the severity o harshness of the climate* * *
adversidad sustantivo femenino
adversity;
adversidad sustantivo femenino adversity
(infortunio, desgracia) setback
' adversidad' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
retroceder
English:
adversity
- need
* * *adversidad nf1. [dificultad] adversity;se enfrentó a todo tipo de adversidades he faced up to all sorts of difficulties o adversitiesno logró sobreponerse a la adversidad she was unable to triumph over adversity;puedes contar con él en la adversidad you can count on him when things get difficult3. [cualidad desfavorable] adverse nature;tuvieron que quedarse en casa ante la adversidad del clima they had to stay at home because of the adverse weather conditions* * *f adversity, hard times pl* * *adversidad nf: adversity -
14 advertencia
f.warning.una advertencia a word of warningservir de advertencia to serve as a warningadvertencia previa advance warning* * *1 warning2 (consejo) piece of advice3 (nota) notice\hacer una advertencia to warn* * *noun f.warning, caution* * *SF1) (=aviso) warning2) (=consejo)hacer una advertencia — to give some advice, give a piece of advice
una advertencia: conviene llevar ropa de abrigo — a word of advice: take warm clothes with you
3) (=prefacio) preface, foreword* * *femenino warning* * *= word of caution, warning, word of warning, caveat, admonition, proviso, cautionary note, cautionary word, wake-up call, admonishment, alert, heads up, warning label.Ex. Finally a word of caution: do not expect too much.Ex. No, he was not one to take off like a deer at the first warning of certain dangers.Ex. One word of warning before starting: products, concepts, applications of information technology are currently in a state of rapid evolution.Ex. But no litany of caveats should be allowed to obscure the fact that on-line searching has added a major weapon to the reference librarian's arsenal.Ex. One of George Santayana's dicta, which is engraved as a guiding principle in my mind, is his admonition that 'Those who ignore the past are condemned to repeat it'.Ex. The term thesaurus will be used here to denote such lists, with the proviso that this is strictly speaking a misuse of the term.Ex. The different standards involved are described with cautionary notes on their limitations and the balance between standardisation and innovation.Ex. The article 'A few cautionary words about electronic publishing' argues that advances in microform technology have obviously fallen far behind their potential.Ex. These incidents should serve as a wake-up call for libraries planning a move.Ex. He chose not to abide by the admonishments who warned that serving simultaneously as politician and journalist would call into question their ability to act in the best interests of the public.Ex. The author reviews a number of Web sites that offer product warnings and business scam alerts.Ex. The article is entitled ' Heads up: confronting the selection and access issues of electronic journals'.Ex. But one Michigan woman says the candies are so chewy, they should come with a warning label.----* advertencia de suspensión = caveat emptor.* advertencia sanitaria = health warning.* a modo de advertencia = cautionary.* aviso de advertencia = warning label.* dar una advertencia = raise + caveat, issue + warning.* disparo de advertencia = warning shot.* etiqueta de advertencia = warning label.* hacer una advertencia = raise + caveat.* llamada de advertencia = wake-up call.* nota de advertencia = warning label.* señal de advertencia = safety notice.* * *femenino warning* * *= word of caution, warning, word of warning, caveat, admonition, proviso, cautionary note, cautionary word, wake-up call, admonishment, alert, heads up, warning label.Ex: Finally a word of caution: do not expect too much.
Ex: No, he was not one to take off like a deer at the first warning of certain dangers.Ex: One word of warning before starting: products, concepts, applications of information technology are currently in a state of rapid evolution.Ex: But no litany of caveats should be allowed to obscure the fact that on-line searching has added a major weapon to the reference librarian's arsenal.Ex: One of George Santayana's dicta, which is engraved as a guiding principle in my mind, is his admonition that 'Those who ignore the past are condemned to repeat it'.Ex: The term thesaurus will be used here to denote such lists, with the proviso that this is strictly speaking a misuse of the term.Ex: The different standards involved are described with cautionary notes on their limitations and the balance between standardisation and innovation.Ex: The article 'A few cautionary words about electronic publishing' argues that advances in microform technology have obviously fallen far behind their potential.Ex: These incidents should serve as a wake-up call for libraries planning a move.Ex: He chose not to abide by the admonishments who warned that serving simultaneously as politician and journalist would call into question their ability to act in the best interests of the public.Ex: The author reviews a number of Web sites that offer product warnings and business scam alerts.Ex: The article is entitled ' Heads up: confronting the selection and access issues of electronic journals'.Ex: But one Michigan woman says the candies are so chewy, they should come with a warning label.* advertencia de suspensión = caveat emptor.* advertencia sanitaria = health warning.* a modo de advertencia = cautionary.* aviso de advertencia = warning label.* dar una advertencia = raise + caveat, issue + warning.* disparo de advertencia = warning shot.* etiqueta de advertencia = warning label.* hacer una advertencia = raise + caveat.* llamada de advertencia = wake-up call.* nota de advertencia = warning label.* señal de advertencia = safety notice.* * *1 (amonestación) warninges la última advertencia que te hago this is your last warningque les sirva de advertencia let it be a warning to them2(consejo): no hizo caso de mis advertencias he ignored my advice* * *
advertencia sustantivo femenino
warning;
advertencia sustantivo femenino warning
' advertencia' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
aviso
- no
- atender
- eh
English:
caution
- tip-off
- warning
- word
* * *advertencia nfwarning;servir de advertencia to serve as a warning;hacer una advertencia a alguien to warn sb;los expertos han lanzado una advertencia preocupante the experts have issued a worrying warning;no hizo caso de mi advertencia she ignored my warning* * *f warning* * *advertencia nfaviso: warning* * *advertencia n warning -
15 amargado
adj.embittered, bitter, sour, filled with resentment.f. & m.bitter person, sourpuss, embittered person.past part.past participle of spanish verb: amargar.* * *1→ link=amargar amargar► adjetivo1 embittered, resentful■ estar amargado,-a to feel very bitter► nombre masculino,nombre femenino1 bitter person* * *(f. - amargada)adj.bitter, embittered* * *ADJ bitter, embittered* * *I- da adjetivo bitter, embitteredII- da masculino, femenino bitter o embittered person* * *= bitter, embittered, sourpuss, misery guts, sour puss.Ex. A number of respondents to the study expressed themselves in bitter terms at the lack of readiness to support programmes which are attempting to encourage the transfer of technological innovation to information applications.Ex. The play 'A Song at twilight' tells the story of an embittered, closeted, world-famous writer who is faced with his murky past in the shape of his early mistress.Ex. He started life as a twerp, then fairly quickly became a jerk and ended up an old sourpuss.Ex. At the other end of the scale are misery guts, who are neither happy with their job role nor their employer.Ex. It is no fun being around you when you are being such a sour puss.* * *I- da adjetivo bitter, embitteredII- da masculino, femenino bitter o embittered person* * *= bitter, embittered, sourpuss, misery guts, sour puss.Ex: A number of respondents to the study expressed themselves in bitter terms at the lack of readiness to support programmes which are attempting to encourage the transfer of technological innovation to information applications.
Ex: The play 'A Song at twilight' tells the story of an embittered, closeted, world-famous writer who is faced with his murky past in the shape of his early mistress.Ex: He started life as a twerp, then fairly quickly became a jerk and ended up an old sourpuss.Ex: At the other end of the scale are misery guts, who are neither happy with their job role nor their employer.Ex: It is no fun being around you when you are being such a sour puss.* * *bitter, embitteredmasculine, femininebitter o embittered person* * *
Del verbo amargar: ( conjugate amargar)
amargado es:
el participio
Multiple Entries:
amargado
amargar
amargado◊ -da adjetivo
bitter, embittered
■ sustantivo masculino, femenino
bitter o embittered person
amargar ( conjugate amargar) verbo transitivo ‹ocasión/día› to spoil;
‹ persona› to make … bitter
amargarse verbo pronominal
to become bitter;
amargado,-a
I adjetivo
1 (resentido) embittered, bitter
2 fam (aburrido, harto) fed up, annoyed: tanto papeleo me tiene amargada, I'm fed up with all this red tape
II sustantivo masculino y femenino bitter person: no le hagas caso; es un amargado, don't take any notice, he's embittered
amargar verbo transitivo
1 to make bitter
2 figurado to embitter, sour
' amargado' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
amargada
English:
bitter
- embittered
- jaundiced
- sour
* * *amargado, -a♦ adj[resentido] bitter;estar amargado de la vida to be bitter and twisted♦ nm,fbitter person;ser un amargado to be bitter o embittered* * *adj figbitter, embittered* * *amargado, -da adj: embittered, bitter -
16 amargo
adj.1 bitter, amaroidal.2 bitter, sad.m.bitters.pres.indicat.1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: amargar.* * *► adjetivo1 (sabor) bitter1 bitterness————————1 bitterness* * *(f. - amarda)adj.* * *amargo, -a1. ADJ1) [sabor] bitter, tartmás amargo que tueras, más amargo que la hiel — terribly bitter
2) (fig) (=apenado) bitter, embittered2. SM1) [de sabor] bitterness, tartness2) pl amargos (=licor) bitters3.* * *I- ga adjetivo1)a) <fruta/sabor> bitterb) ( sin azúcar) unsweetened, without sugar2) <experiencia/recuerdo> bitter, painfulIIme dejó un sabor amargo — it left me with a bitter o nasty taste in my mouth
* * *= bitter, sour, upsetting.Ex. A number of respondents to the study expressed themselves in bitter terms at the lack of readiness to support programmes which are attempting to encourage the transfer of technological innovation to information applications.Ex. Throughout the book, the young are viewed with sour realism.Ex. Lovelorn staff at a Japanese company can take paid time off after an upsetting break-up with a partner, with more 'heartache leave' offered as they get older.----* dejar un sabor amargo en la boca = leave + a bitter aftertaste.* experiencia amarga = bitter experience.* naranja amarga = sour orange.* verdad amarga = home truth.* victoria amarga = sour victory.* * *I- ga adjetivo1)a) <fruta/sabor> bitterb) ( sin azúcar) unsweetened, without sugar2) <experiencia/recuerdo> bitter, painfulIIme dejó un sabor amargo — it left me with a bitter o nasty taste in my mouth
* * *= bitter, sour, upsetting.Ex: A number of respondents to the study expressed themselves in bitter terms at the lack of readiness to support programmes which are attempting to encourage the transfer of technological innovation to information applications.
Ex: Throughout the book, the young are viewed with sour realism.Ex: Lovelorn staff at a Japanese company can take paid time off after an upsetting break-up with a partner, with more 'heartache leave' offered as they get older.* dejar un sabor amargo en la boca = leave + a bitter aftertaste.* experiencia amarga = bitter experience.* naranja amarga = sour orange.* verdad amarga = home truth.* victoria amarga = sour victory.* * *A1 ‹fruta/sabor› bitter almendra2 (sin azúcar) unsweetened, without sugarB ‹experiencia/recuerdo› bitter, painfulme dejó un sabor amargo it left me with a bitter o nasty taste in my mouthlanzando quejas amargas contra su destino railing against his fate, complaining bitterly about his fate1 (amargor) bitterness2 (mate) maté without sugar3 (licor) bitters* * *
Del verbo amargar: ( conjugate amargar)
amargo es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo
amargó es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo
Multiple Entries:
amargar
amargo
amargar ( conjugate amargar) verbo transitivo ‹ocasión/día› to spoil;
‹ persona› to make … bitter
amargarse verbo pronominal
to become bitter;
amargo -ga adjetivo
1
2 ‹experiencia/recuerdo› bitter, painful
amargar verbo transitivo
1 to make bitter
2 figurado to embitter, sour
amargo,-a adjetivo bitter, unpleasant, sour: siento que tengas que pasar por ese amargo trance, I'm sorry that you have to go through such an awful situation
' amargo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
amarga
- chocolate
- sabor
- trago
- gusto
English:
bitter
- chocolate
- pill
- plain
* * *amargo, -a♦ adj1. [sabor] bitter2. [sin azúcar] bitter3. [persona, recuerdo] bitter♦ nm1. RP [mate] bitter maté* * *adj tb figbitter* * *amargo, -ga adj: bitter♦ amargamente advamargo nm: bitterness, tartness* * *amargo adj bitter -
17 anticuado
adj.old-fashioned, archaic, out-of-date, antiquated.f. & m.old-fashioned person, fuddy-duddy, fuddy, lame.past part.past participle of spanish verb: anticuar.* * *► adjetivo1 antiquated, old-fashioned, obsolete, out-of-date* * *(f. - anticuada)adj.old-fashioned, outdated* * *ADJ [maquinaria, infraestructura, tecnología] antiquated; [moda] old-fashioned, out-of-date; [técnica] obsolete* * *I- da adjetivo old-fashionedII- da masculino, femenino* * *= antiquated, backwater, out of date [out-of-date], outdated [out-dated], stale, old-fashioned, outworn, musty [mustier -comp., mustiest -sup.], timed, fossilised [fossilized, -USA], passé, atavistic, moth-eaten, mothy [mothier -comp., mothiest -sup.], dowdy [dowdier -comp., dowdiest -sup.], fuddy-duddy, daggy [daggier -comp., daggiest -sup], long in the tooth.Ex. Almost without exception these problems occurred in libraries with antiquated or inadequate ventilation without air-conditioning.Ex. When he was younger he really turned the library around, from a backwater, two-bit operation to the respected institution it is today.Ex. It is for this reason that many special libraries have constructed their own indexing language; they have avoided being tied to a possibly out of date published list.Ex. For example, the outdated subject heading 'Female emancipation' could be changed to the newer term 'Women's liberation' with this function.Ex. Does the library continue a stale tradition, or does it interpret social change?.Ex. One is tempted to say that the enthusiasts for postcoordinate systems, being forced to admit reluctantly that control was necessary, couldn't bear to use the old-fashioned term 'list of subject headings'.Ex. This advertisement was part of a publicity campaign which was based on a presentation of Europe so outworn as to be almost meaningless.Ex. Only if we continuously redefine our goals in accordance with the developments in our societies will we remain dynamic libraries and not turn into musty institutions.Ex. Librarians need to be vociferous about achievements and services offered in order to dispel ideas about the stereotype librarian, timed and out of touch with contemporary society.Ex. The article deals with matters of image and status, professional associations, cultural policies, collections, censorship, outdated infrastructure and fossilised mentalities.Ex. By conscious or unconscious fixation on this single, already passé, facet of data processing technology we risk totally ignoring the other functions of a catalog.Ex. Teaching lost its status when education became secularized as a tool for economic mobility, when concerns for the spiritual became embarrassingly atavistic.Ex. He said: 'The outer shell of democracy is, no doubt, intact but it appears to be moth-eaten from inside'.Ex. So, he cleaned the bird cage from top to bottom and threw out all the mothy bird seed.Ex. This article shows how the dowdy and boring image of the stereotypical librarian as presented in fiction, taints the portrayal of all who work in libraries.Ex. According to him, tea as a category has lacked innovation and upgradation in recent years and hence has a very fuddy-duddy image.Ex. What wearing daggy clothes is all about for me is feeling relaxed, knowing I can wear them around people I'm comfortable with.Ex. Training would be needed for the reception staff, who all said they were a bit long in the tooth for learning how to use a computer.----* estar anticuado = dated.* estar un poco anticuado = be some years old.* quedarse anticuado = date.* * *I- da adjetivo old-fashionedII- da masculino, femenino* * *= antiquated, backwater, out of date [out-of-date], outdated [out-dated], stale, old-fashioned, outworn, musty [mustier -comp., mustiest -sup.], timed, fossilised [fossilized, -USA], passé, atavistic, moth-eaten, mothy [mothier -comp., mothiest -sup.], dowdy [dowdier -comp., dowdiest -sup.], fuddy-duddy, daggy [daggier -comp., daggiest -sup], long in the tooth.Ex: Almost without exception these problems occurred in libraries with antiquated or inadequate ventilation without air-conditioning.
Ex: When he was younger he really turned the library around, from a backwater, two-bit operation to the respected institution it is today.Ex: It is for this reason that many special libraries have constructed their own indexing language; they have avoided being tied to a possibly out of date published list.Ex: For example, the outdated subject heading 'Female emancipation' could be changed to the newer term 'Women's liberation' with this function.Ex: Does the library continue a stale tradition, or does it interpret social change?.Ex: One is tempted to say that the enthusiasts for postcoordinate systems, being forced to admit reluctantly that control was necessary, couldn't bear to use the old-fashioned term 'list of subject headings'.Ex: This advertisement was part of a publicity campaign which was based on a presentation of Europe so outworn as to be almost meaningless.Ex: Only if we continuously redefine our goals in accordance with the developments in our societies will we remain dynamic libraries and not turn into musty institutions.Ex: Librarians need to be vociferous about achievements and services offered in order to dispel ideas about the stereotype librarian, timed and out of touch with contemporary society.Ex: The article deals with matters of image and status, professional associations, cultural policies, collections, censorship, outdated infrastructure and fossilised mentalities.Ex: By conscious or unconscious fixation on this single, already passé, facet of data processing technology we risk totally ignoring the other functions of a catalog.Ex: Teaching lost its status when education became secularized as a tool for economic mobility, when concerns for the spiritual became embarrassingly atavistic.Ex: He said: 'The outer shell of democracy is, no doubt, intact but it appears to be moth-eaten from inside'.Ex: So, he cleaned the bird cage from top to bottom and threw out all the mothy bird seed.Ex: This article shows how the dowdy and boring image of the stereotypical librarian as presented in fiction, taints the portrayal of all who work in libraries.Ex: According to him, tea as a category has lacked innovation and upgradation in recent years and hence has a very fuddy-duddy image.Ex: What wearing daggy clothes is all about for me is feeling relaxed, knowing I can wear them around people I'm comfortable with.Ex: Training would be needed for the reception staff, who all said they were a bit long in the tooth for learning how to use a computer.* estar anticuado = dated.* estar un poco anticuado = be some years old.* quedarse anticuado = date.* * *‹persona/ideas› old-fashioned, antiquated; ‹ropa› old-fashioned; ‹sistema/aparato› antiquatedmasculine, feminineeres un anticuado you're so old-fashioned* * *
Del verbo anticuarse: ( conjugate anticuarse)
anticuado es:
el participio
anticuado◊ -da adjetivo
old-fashioned
■ sustantivo masculino, femenino: eres un anticuado you're so old-fashioned
anticuado,-a adjetivo & sustantivo masculino y femenino old-fashioned, antiquated
' anticuado' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
anticuada
- apolillada
- apolillado
- antiguo
- atrasado
- pasado
- zanahoria
English:
antiquated
- date
- fuddy-duddy
- old
- old-fashioned
- outdated
- outmoded
- dated
- out
- time
* * *anticuado, -a♦ adj[persona, ropa] old-fashioned;esa técnica está anticuada that method is out of date;mi módem se ha quedado anticuado my modem is out of date♦ nm,fold-fashioned person;mi madre es una anticuada my mother is very old-fashioned* * *adj antiquated* * *anticuado, -da adj: antiquated, outdated* * *anticuado adj old fashioned -
18 armónico
adj.harmonic, harmonious, harmonical, musical.m.harmonic, overtone.* * *► adjetivo1 harmonic1 MÚSICA harmonic————————1 MÚSICA harmonic* * *1.ADJ harmonic2.SM (Mús) harmonicarmónica* * *I- ca adjetivoa) (Mús) harmonicb) ( armonioso) harmoniousIImasculino harmonic* * *= harmonic, harmonious.Ex. Administrators all too easily fall prey to the siren song of cost reduction, especially if phrases like innovation are employed as harmonic accompaniment.Ex. The 11 college buildings form a harmonious group in the Georgian style about an oval-shaped campus.----* media armónica = harmonic mean.* * *I- ca adjetivoa) (Mús) harmonicb) ( armonioso) harmoniousIImasculino harmonic* * *= harmonic, harmonious.Ex: Administrators all too easily fall prey to the siren song of cost reduction, especially if phrases like innovation are employed as harmonic accompaniment.
Ex: The 11 college buildings form a harmonious group in the Georgian style about an oval-shaped campus.* media armónica = harmonic mean.* * *1 ( Mús) harmonicharmonic* * *
armónico◊ -ca adjetivoa) (Mús) harmonic
' armónico' also found in these entries:
English:
harmonic
* * *armónico, -a♦ adj1. Mús harmonic2. [colores, formas] harmonious♦ nmMús harmonic* * *I adj harmonicII m MÚS harmonic* * *armónico, -ca adj1) : harmonic2) : harmonious♦ armónicamente adv -
19 arraigado en la cultura
Ex. Local knowledge is knowledge that is 'unique to a given culture or society, which is oral, rural, holistic, powerless, and culturally-embedded and the result of 'dynamic innovation' although informal and unsystematised'.* * *Ex: Local knowledge is knowledge that is 'unique to a given culture or society, which is oral, rural, holistic, powerless, and culturally-embedded and the result of 'dynamic innovation' although informal and unsystematised'.
-
20 atracción peligrosa
(n.) = siren songEx. Administrators all too easily fall prey to the siren song of cost reduction, especially if phrases like innovation are employed as harmonic accompaniment.* * *(n.) = siren songEx: Administrators all too easily fall prey to the siren song of cost reduction, especially if phrases like innovation are employed as harmonic accompaniment.
См. также в других словарях:
INNOVATION — Dans son sens le plus large, innovation peut désigner tout changement introduit sciemment dans l’économie par un agent quelconque et ayant pour but et résultat une utilisation plus efficiente ou plus satisfaisante des ressources. Cette acception… … Encyclopédie Universelle
Innovation — heißt wörtlich „Neuerung“ oder „Erneuerung“. Das Wort ist vom lateinischen Verb innovare (erneuern) abgeleitet. Im allgemeinen Sprachgebrauch wird der Begriff unspezifisch im Sinne von neuen Ideen und Erfindungen und für deren wirtschaftliche… … Deutsch Wikipedia
innovation — in‧no‧va‧tion [ˌɪnəˈveɪʆn] noun 1. [countable] a new idea, method, or invention: • It is a fairly recent innovation for rent to be paid in advance. • the technical innovations which research could deliver to the economy 2. [uncountable] the… … Financial and business terms
Innovation — Sf Neuheit per. Wortschatz fremd. Erkennbar fremd (19. Jh.) Entlehnung. Entlehnt aus l. innovatio Erneuerung, Veränderung , Abstraktum zu l. innovāre erneuern , zu l. novus neu . Der neuere Gebrauch unter englischem Einfluß. Ebenso nndl.… … Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen sprache
Innovation — In no*va tion, n. [L. innovatio; cf. F. innovation.] 1. The act of innovating; introduction of something new, in customs, rites, commercial products, etc. Dryden. [1913 Webster] 2. A change effected by innovating; a change in customs; something… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
innovation — Innovation. s. f. Introduction de quelque nouveauté dans une coustume, dans un usage desja receu. Il ne faut point faire d innovation. ces innovations sont dangereuses … Dictionnaire de l'Académie française
Innovation — (v. lat.), 1) Erneuerung; 2) Handlungen im Proceß, wodurch eine Partei über eine in Streit befangene Sache willkürlich disponirt u. Veränderungen damit getroffen hat, s.u. Litigiosität; 3) für die Appellationsinstanz, so v.w. Attentat 3); 4) (Bot … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Innovation — (lat., »Verjüngung«), die im Pflanzenreich überaus verbreitete Erscheinung, daß die vegetative Tätigkeit von ältern Teilen fortgesetzt auf neue Ausgliederungen, z. B. von absterbenden Sprossen auf junge, übergeht … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
Innovation — (lat.), Erneuerung; das Treiben frischer Triebe aus neuen Adventiv oder ruhenden Axillarknospen … Kleines Konversations-Lexikon
innovation — I noun adaptation, alteration, breaking of precedent, change, change in method, departure, digression, divergence, diversification, exchange of obligations, invention, modernization, modification, mutare, neoterism, new device, new idea, new… … Law dictionary
innovation — INNOVATION: Toujours dangereuse … Dictionnaire des idées reçues