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1 immediate constituents analysis
Вычислительная техника: анализ по непосредственно составляющим, анализ по непосредственным составляющимУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > immediate constituents analysis
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2 immediate constituents analysis
English-Russian dictionary of computer science and programming > immediate constituents analysis
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3 immediate constituents analysis
English-Russian scientific dictionary > immediate constituents analysis
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4 immediate constituents analysis
English-Russian information technology > immediate constituents analysis
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5 analysis
1) анализ; исследование; изучение2) разбор3) анализ, состав•analysis in time domain — матем. временной анализ
analysis is in control — хим. состав попадает в анализ
analysis situs — матем. топология
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6 analysis
анализ; изучение, исследование- algorithmic analysis
- analysis by synthesis
- analysis of causes
- analysis of covariance
- analysis of variance by ranks
- analysis of variance components
- analysis of variance
- approximate analysis
- automatic number analysis
- backward error analysis
- behavior pattern analysis
- behavioral analysis
- benchmark analysis
- botton-up analysis
- break-even analysis
- bus state analysis
- circuit analysis
- clickstream analysis
- cluster analysis
- competitive analysis
- computer analysis
- computerized analysis
- contour analysis
- critical-path analysis
- failure analysis
- feasibility analysis
- flow analysis
- forward error analysis
- Fourier analysis
- frequency-domain analysis
- function point analysis
- harmonic analysis
- immediate constituents analysis
- interconnect analysis
- interval analysis
- layout analysis
- lexical analysis
- linguistic analysis
- logic analysis
- mathematical analysis
- means-aids analysis
- mixed-mode analysis
- model-based analysis
- model analysis
- morphological analysis
- multiresolution analysis
- neighborhood analysis
- network analysis
- nodal analysis
- numerical analysis
- on-line analysis
- parametric analysis
- parasitic analysis
- pattern analysis
- peak hour analysis
- predictive analysis
- procedure analysis
- protocol analysis
- queueing analysis
- recursive analysis
- regression analysis
- security analysis
- sentence-by-sentence syntactic analysis
- sentiment analysis
- sequential analysis
- signature analysis
- state analysis
- statistical analysis
- statistic analysis
- stem analysis
- structural analysis
- structured analysis
- surface analysis
- symbolic analysis
- syntactic analysis
- systems analysis
- time-and-frequency analysis
- timing analysis
- top-down analysis
- topological analysis
- topological timing analysis
- trace analysis
- transient analysis
- variance analysis
- wavelet analysisEnglish-Russian dictionary of computer science and programming > analysis
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7 анализ по непосредственным составляющим
1) Linguistics: IC-analysis, constituent analysis, immediate constituent analysis2) Information technology: immediate constituents analysisУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > анализ по непосредственным составляющим
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8 анализ по непосредственно составляющим
Information technology: immediate constituents analysisУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > анализ по непосредственно составляющим
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9 Memory
To what extent can we lump together what goes on when you try to recall: (1) your name; (2) how you kick a football; and (3) the present location of your car keys? If we use introspective evidence as a guide, the first seems an immediate automatic response. The second may require constructive internal replay prior to our being able to produce a verbal description. The third... quite likely involves complex operational responses under the control of some general strategy system. Is any unitary search process, with a single set of characteristics and inputoutput relations, likely to cover all these cases? (Reitman, 1970, p. 485)[Semantic memory] Is a mental thesaurus, organized knowledge a person possesses about words and other verbal symbols, their meanings and referents, about relations among them, and about rules, formulas, and algorithms for the manipulation of these symbols, concepts, and relations. Semantic memory does not register perceptible properties of inputs, but rather cognitive referents of input signals. (Tulving, 1972, p. 386)The mnemonic code, far from being fixed and unchangeable, is structured and restructured along with general development. Such a restructuring of the code takes place in close dependence on the schemes of intelligence. The clearest indication of this is the observation of different types of memory organisation in accordance with the age level of a child so that a longer interval of retention without any new presentation, far from causing a deterioration of memory, may actually improve it. (Piaget & Inhelder, 1973, p. 36)4) The Logic of Some Memory Theorization Is of Dubious Worth in the History of PsychologyIf a cue was effective in memory retrieval, then one could infer it was encoded; if a cue was not effective, then it was not encoded. The logic of this theorization is "heads I win, tails you lose" and is of dubious worth in the history of psychology. We might ask how long scientists will puzzle over questions with no answers. (Solso, 1974, p. 28)We have iconic, echoic, active, working, acoustic, articulatory, primary, secondary, episodic, semantic, short-term, intermediate-term, and longterm memories, and these memories contain tags, traces, images, attributes, markers, concepts, cognitive maps, natural-language mediators, kernel sentences, relational rules, nodes, associations, propositions, higher-order memory units, and features. (Eysenck, 1977, p. 4)The problem with the memory metaphor is that storage and retrieval of traces only deals [ sic] with old, previously articulated information. Memory traces can perhaps provide a basis for dealing with the "sameness" of the present experience with previous experiences, but the memory metaphor has no mechanisms for dealing with novel information. (Bransford, McCarrell, Franks & Nitsch, 1977, p. 434)7) The Results of a Hundred Years of the Psychological Study of Memory Are Somewhat DiscouragingThe results of a hundred years of the psychological study of memory are somewhat discouraging. We have established firm empirical generalisations, but most of them are so obvious that every ten-year-old knows them anyway. We have made discoveries, but they are only marginally about memory; in many cases we don't know what to do with them, and wear them out with endless experimental variations. We have an intellectually impressive group of theories, but history offers little confidence that they will provide any meaningful insight into natural behavior. (Neisser, 1978, pp. 12-13)A schema, then is a data structure for representing the generic concepts stored in memory. There are schemata representing our knowledge about all concepts; those underlying objects, situations, events, sequences of events, actions and sequences of actions. A schema contains, as part of its specification, the network of interrelations that is believed to normally hold among the constituents of the concept in question. A schema theory embodies a prototype theory of meaning. That is, inasmuch as a schema underlying a concept stored in memory corresponds to the mean ing of that concept, meanings are encoded in terms of the typical or normal situations or events that instantiate that concept. (Rumelhart, 1980, p. 34)Memory appears to be constrained by a structure, a "syntax," perhaps at quite a low level, but it is free to be variable, deviant, even erratic at a higher level....Like the information system of language, memory can be explained in part by the abstract rules which underlie it, but only in part. The rules provide a basic competence, but they do not fully determine performance. (Campbell, 1982, pp. 228, 229)When people think about the mind, they often liken it to a physical space, with memories and ideas as objects contained within that space. Thus, we speak of ideas being in the dark corners or dim recesses of our minds, and of holding ideas in mind. Ideas may be in the front or back of our minds, or they may be difficult to grasp. With respect to the processes involved in memory, we talk about storing memories, of searching or looking for lost memories, and sometimes of finding them. An examination of common parlance, therefore, suggests that there is general adherence to what might be called the spatial metaphor. The basic assumptions of this metaphor are that memories are treated as objects stored in specific locations within the mind, and the retrieval process involves a search through the mind in order to find specific memories....However, while the spatial metaphor has shown extraordinary longevity, there have been some interesting changes over time in the precise form of analogy used. In particular, technological advances have influenced theoretical conceptualisations.... The original Greek analogies were based on wax tablets and aviaries; these were superseded by analogies involving switchboards, gramophones, tape recorders, libraries, conveyor belts, and underground maps. Most recently, the workings of human memory have been compared to computer functioning... and it has been suggested that the various memory stores found in computers have their counterparts in the human memory system. (Eysenck, 1984, pp. 79-80)Primary memory [as proposed by William James] relates to information that remains in consciousness after it has been perceived, and thus forms part of the psychological present, whereas secondary memory contains information about events that have left consciousness, and are therefore part of the psychological past. (Eysenck, 1984, p. 86)Once psychologists began to study long-term memory per se, they realized it may be divided into two main categories.... Semantic memories have to do with our general knowledge about the working of the world. We know what cars do, what stoves do, what the laws of gravity are, and so on. Episodic memories are largely events that took place at a time and place in our personal history. Remembering specific events about our own actions, about our family, and about our individual past falls into this category. With amnesia or in aging, what dims... is our personal episodic memories, save for those that are especially dear or painful to us. Our knowledge of how the world works remains pretty much intact. (Gazzaniga, 1988, p. 42)The nature of memory... provides a natural starting point for an analysis of thinking. Memory is the repository of many of the beliefs and representations that enter into thinking, and the retrievability of these representations can limit the quality of our thought. (Smith, 1990, p. 1)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Memory
См. также в других словарях:
immediate constituent analysis — ▪ linguistics also called Ic Analysis, in linguistics, a system of grammatical analysis that divides sentences into successive layers, or constituents, until, in the final layer, each constituent consists of only a word or meaningful… … Universalium
linguistic analysis — a 20th century philosophical movement inspired by Ludwig Wittgenstein and marked by close attention paid to the way words are used in order to clarify concepts and to eliminate confusions arising from mystifying preconceptions about language.… … Useful english dictionary
Højeste — grad Superlativ. Se Komparation. IC analyse Immediate Constituents Analysis. Analyse af en tekst gennem forskellige niveauer (træstruktur) indtil hvert en kelt ord er defineret (evt. videre til morfemer og fonemer). Se også Rekursivitet … Danske encyklopædi
linguistics — /ling gwis tiks/, n. (used with a sing. v.) the science of language, including phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, and historical linguistics. [1850 55; see LINGUISTIC, ICS] * * * Study of the nature and structure of… … Universalium
HEBREW GRAMMAR — The following entry is divided into two sections: an Introduction for the non specialist and (II) a detailed survey. [i] HEBREW GRAMMAR: AN INTRODUCTION There are four main phases in the history of the Hebrew language: the biblical or classical,… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
IC-Analyse — Die IC Analyse (immediate constituent analysis) (auch: Konstituentenanalyse) ist die Analyse der unmittelbaren Konstituenten (immediate constituents) einer sprachlichen Einheit. Sie ist ein (strukturalistisches) Verfahren der Zerlegung… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Konstituentenanalyse — Die IC Analyse (immediate constituent analysis) (auch: Konstituentenanalyse) ist die Analyse der unmittelbaren Konstituenten (immediate constituents) einer sprachlichen Einheit. Sie ist ein (strukturalistisches) Verfahren der Zerlegung… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Непосредственно составляющих метод — Непосредственно составляющих метод метод представления словообразовательной структуры слова и синтаксической структуры словосочетания или предложения в виде иерархии вложенных друг в друга элементов. Его основные принципы были сформулированы… … Лингвистический энциклопедический словарь
IC-Analyse — IC Ana|ly|se 〈[i:tse: ] f. 19; Sprachw.; Abk. für〉 Immediate Constituents Analyse, (unmittelbare) Konstituentenanalyse [engl.] * * * IC Analyse [zu englisch IC analysis; Kurzwort für Immediate constituent analysis »Analyse (des Satzes) in… … Universal-Lexikon
Größte Konstituente — Die Konstituenten(struktur)grammatik ist eine im amerikanischen Strukturalismus von Rulon S. Wells und Charles Hockett entwickelte Syntaxtheorie. Die Kombinatorik eines Satzes oder einer Wortgruppe wird mit Teil Ganzes Beziehungen charakterisiert … Deutsch Wikipedia
Konstituentengrammatik — Die Konstituenten(struktur)grammatik ist eine im amerikanischen Strukturalismus von Rulon S. Wells und Charles Hockett entwickelte Syntaxtheorie. Dabei geht es darum, immer dann, wenn es möglich ist, eine größere syntaktische Einheit in zwei… … Deutsch Wikipedia
