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1 budgetary payment
бюджетный платеж, платеж в бюджет -
2 payment
1) платеж, плата, уплата, оплата; погашение (долга)2) взнос4) pl платежный оборот•- make payments "by the first run"There are various internet projects to provide B2B payments without bank intermediation. — Существуют различные проекты использования интернета для осуществления межфирменных платежей без посредничества банков.
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3 payment
n1) погашение (долга)2) взнос4) pl платежный оборот
- additional payment
- advance payment
- alimony payment
- allowance payment
- amortization payment
- annual payment
- annuity payment
- anticipated payment
- average payment
- back payment
- balloon payment
- benefit payment
- bi-annual payment
- bilateral payments
- bonus payment
- budgetary payments
- cash payment
- cash down payment
- cash payments in advance
- cashless payment
- cheque payment
- clearing payment
- collection payment
- commercial payments
- commission payment
- compensation payment
- compensatory payment
- compulsory payment
- consignment payments
- contractual payments
- contractual termination payments
- coupon payments
- credit payments
- cross-border payments
- currency payments
- current payments
- cyclic interest payment
- debt service payment
- deductible alimony payment
- deferred payment
- delayed payment
- demurrage payment
- direct payment
- direct bonus payment
- direct financial payment
- dividend payment
- dividend payments on equity issues
- down payment
- due payment
- early bird payment
- easy payments
- electronic payments for goods and services
- encouragement payment
- end-of-year payment
- entitlement payment
- excess payment
- exchange payments
- excise payment
- ex gratia payment
- extended payment
- external payments
- extra payment
- facilitation payments
- final payment
- financial payment
- first payment
- fixed payments
- fixed-rate payment
- foreign payment
- franked payments
- freight payment
- full payment
- golden parachute payment
- guarantee payment
- guaranteed payment
- hire payments from leasing of movable property
- housing and communal utilities payments
- immediate payment
- incentive payment
- inclusive payment
- incoming payments
- initial payment
- installment payment
- insufficient payment
- insurance payment
- interest payment
- interim payment
- intermediate payment
- internal payments
- international payments
- irregular payments
- job work payment
- late payment
- lease payment
- licence fee payment
- lump-sum payment
- minimum payment
- monetary payment
- monthly payment
- multilateral payments
- mutual payments
- net payment
- noncash payment
- noncommercial payment
- nontax payment
- obligatory payment
- one-off payment
- one-time payment
- onward payment
- other payments
- outstanding payment
- overdue payment
- overtime payment
- paperless payment
- partial payment
- past due payment
- patent licence payments
- payroll payment
- pension payment
- periodical payments
- preferential payment
- premium payment
- pressing payment
- previous payment
- principal payment
- progress payments
- prolonged payment
- prompt payment
- proportionate payments
- public welfare payments
- punctual payment
- quarter payment
- quarterly payment
- recovering payment
- redundancy payment
- rental payment
- requited payment
- royalty payment
- semi-annual payment
- seniority benefits payment
- separation payment
- settlement payments
- severance payment
- short payment
- sight payment
- single payment
- sinking fund payment
- social payments
- social security payments
- stop payment
- stopped payment
- subsequent payment
- subsidy payment
- successive payments
- sundry payments
- superannuation payments
- supplementary payment
- tax payment
- taxable payments
- terminal payment
- threshold payment
- time payment
- timely payment
- token payment
- transfer payments
- unpaid payment
- unreimbursed payment
- up-front payment
- wage payment
- warranty payment
- weekly payment
- welfare payment
- wrongful payments
- yearly payment
- payment after delivery
- payment against a bank guarantee
- payment against delivery of documents
- payment against dock receipt
- payment against documents
- payment against drafts
- payment against an invoice
- payment against a L/C
- payment against indebtedness
- payment against payment documents
- payment against presentation of documents
- payment against shipping documents
- payment against statement
- payment ahead of schedule
- payment ahead of time
- payment as per tariff
- payment at destination
- payment at sight
- payment before delivery
- payment by acceptance
- payment by cable transfers
- payment by cash
- payment in cash
- payment by cheque
- payment by deliveries of products
- payment by drafts
- payment by the hour
- payment in installments
- payment by installments
- payment by the job
- payment by a L/C
- payment by money transfers
- payment by the piece
- payment by postal transfers
- payment by remittance
- payment by results
- payment by the time
- payment by transfers
- payment for auditing services
- payment for breakage
- payment for carriage of goods
- payment for collection
- payments for credits
- payment for deliveries
- payment for documents
- payment for goods
- payment for honour
- payment for services
- payment for shipments
- payment for technical documentation
- payment forward
- payment for work
- payment from abroad
- payment in advance
- payment in and out of the current account
- payment in anticipation
- payment in arrears
- payment in cash
- payment in clearing currency
- payment in dollars
- payment in due course
- payment in favour of smb
- payment in foreign currency
- payment in full
- payment in gold
- payment in kind
- payment in lieu of vacation
- payment in local currency
- payment in national currency
- payment in part
- payments in settlement
- payment in specie
- payment into an account
- payment into the bank
- payment in total
- payment of an account
- payment of an advance
- payment of an amount
- payment of arrears
- payment of arrears of interest
- payment of an award
- payment of the balance
- payment of a bill
- payment of a bonus
- payment of charges
- payment of charter hire
- payment of a cheque
- payment of claims
- payment of a collection
- payment of a commission
- payment of compensation
- payment of costs
- payment of coupon yield
- payment of customs duties
- payment of damages
- payment of a debt
- payment of demurrage
- payment of a deposit
- payment of dismissal wage
- payment of dispatch
- payment of dividends
- payment of a draft
- payment of dues
- payment of a duty
- payment of expenses
- payment of fees
- payment of a fine
- payment of freight
- payment of gains obtained
- payment of a guarantee sum
- payment of hospital expenses
- payment of an indemnity
- payment of the initial fee
- payment of insurance indemnity
- payment of insurance premium
- payment of interest
- payment of interest on coupons
- payment of interest on deposits
- payment of an invoice
- payment of a margin
- payment of medical expenses
- payment of money
- payment of a note
- payment of past-due interest
- payment of the penalty
- payment of a premium
- payment of principal
- payment of principal and interest
- payment of profits
- payment of property taxes
- payment of remuneration
- payment of restitution
- payment of retention money
- payment of royalty
- payment of salary
- payment of a sum
- payment of taxes
- payment of transportation charges
- payment of unemployment benefits
- payment of wages
- payment on account
- payment on cheque
- payment on a clearing basis
- payment on a collection basis
- payment on a deferred basis
- payment on delivery
- payment on demand
- payment on dividends
- payment on due date
- payment on an invoice
- payment on mortgages
- payment on an open account
- payment on open account billing
- payments on orders
- payment on presentation
- payment on request
- payment on the spot
- payment supra protest
- payment through a bank
- payment through clearing
- payment to the state budget
- payments under a contract
- payments under loans
- failing payment
- in payment
- payment received
- accelerate payment
- accept as payment
- adjust payments
- anticipate payment
- apply for payment
- approve payment
- arrange payment
- authorize payment
- be behind with one's payments
- cease payments
- claim payment
- collect payment
- complete payments
- default on mortgage payments
- defer payment
- delay payment
- demand payment
- do payment
- effect payment
- enforce payment
- exempt from payment
- expedite payment
- fix payment
- forgo payment of a dividend
- forward payment
- fulfil payment
- guarantee payment
- hold up payment
- impose payment
- make payment
- make a cash payment
- miss interest and dividend payments
- negotiate payment of fees
- outlaw payment of bribes
- pass for payment
- postpone payment
- present for payment
- press for payment
- process payment
- prolong payment
- put off payment
- receive payment
- refuse payment
- release from payment
- remit payment
- request payment
- require payment
- reschedule pledged payments
- restructure payments
- resume payments
- secure payment
- settle payments
- speed up payment
- spread payments
- stop payments
- stretch out payments
- suspend payments
- transact payment
- transfer payment
- waive dividend payments
- withhold paymentEnglish-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > payment
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4 payment to extra-budgetary funds
English-russian dctionary of diplomacy > payment to extra-budgetary funds
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5 system
система; комплекс• -
6 receipt
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7 system
1) система; способ; метод2) устройство; строй3) классификация4) учение5) сеть (дорог) -
8 document
1. nдокумент; свидетельство
- accompanying documents
- accounting document
- application documents
- archival document
- assembly documents
- assignable document
- authentic document
- authenticated document
- bank document
- basic document
- bearer document
- bidding documents
- book documents
- budgetary documents
- calculation documents
- certifying document
- classified document
- clean shipping documents
- clearance document
- concluding document
- confidential document
- constituent documents
- contractual document
- counterfeit document
- customs documents
- department document
- design documents
- entry documents
- erection documents
- export documents
- fake document
- final document
- financial document
- forged document
- formal documents
- foul transport document
- foundation documents
- freight documents
- fundamental document
- guidance document
- import documents
- in and out documents
- incoming documents
- in-house document
- initialed document
- insurance documents
- interdepartmental documents
- interim document
- internal document
- legal document
- main document
- missing document
- mortgage document
- multimodal transport document
- negotiable document
- normative document
- notarized document
- notifying document
- official document
- original documents
- outgoing document
- patent document
- payment documents
- priority document
- procurement document
- publicity documents
- regulatory document
- secret document
- service document
- settlement documents
- shipping documents
- ship's documents
- signed document
- source document
- standardized document
- statutory documents
- supporting document
- supporting financial documents
- technical documents
- tender documents
- testamentary document
- title document
- trade document
- transport document
- transportation documents
- treaty documents
- unclean transport document
- undated document
- vessel's documents
- visaed document
- warehouse documents
- working document
- documents against acceptance
- documents against payment
- documents for collection
- documents for payment
- documents for shipment
- documents of association
- documents of carriage
- document of incorporation
- document of title
- document to bearer
- document under seal
- documents evidencing the shipment
- documents executed in smb's name
- accept a document
- adopt a joint document
- attach documents
- attest a document
- authenticate a document
- certify a document
- check a document
- compile a document
- complete a document
- consider a document
- copy a document
- delete from a document
- deliver a document
- dispose of documents
- draw up a document
- duplicate a document
- enclose a document
- endorse a document
- examine a document
- execute a document
- falsify a document
- file documents
- file documents for arbitration
- forge a document
- forward documents
- furnish a document
- hand in a document
- hand in a document against receipt
- hand over a document
- honour a document
- initial a document
- inspect a document
- interpret a document
- issue a document
- legalize a document
- lodge a document
- make out a document
- make up a document
- pass a document
- pay for a document
- prepare a document
- present a document
- produce a document
- provide a document
- refer documents to arbitration
- refuse a document
- register a document
- reject a document
- release a document
- retire a document
- safe-keep a document
- scrutinize a document
- study a document
- submit a document
- send a document
- sign a document
- support by documents
- suppress a document
- surrender a document
- take up documents
- tamper with documents
- tender documents
- transfer documents by endorsement
- verify documents
- witness a document
- work out a document2. vEnglish-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > document
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9 reserve
1.1) откладывать, запасать2) бронировать, резервировать, заказывать заранее2.1) запас, резерв2) фин. резервный фонд3) оговорка• -
10 near cash
!гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:"consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;" "the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;" "strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and"the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:"the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and"the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)"Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and"Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.More information about DEL and AME is set out below.In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets."Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest."Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:"Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and"The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:"provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;" "enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;" "introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and"not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:"an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;" "an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;" "to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with"further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.This document was updated on 19 December 2005.Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————"GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money"————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.———————————————————————————————————————— -
11 receipt
n1) получение2) расписка в получении; квитанция3) pl денежные поступления; выручка; доход
- accountable receipt
- actual receipts
- additional receipts
- air mail receipt
- American depositary receipt
- annual receipts
- application receipt
- average annual growth receipts
- baggage receipt
- banker's receipt
- bank deposit receipt
- budgetary receipts
- business receipts
- cargo receipt
- carrier's receipt
- cash receipts
- clean receipt
- clean dock receipt
- compiled receipts
- consignee's receipt
- continental depositary receipt
- contract receipts
- courier receipt
- currency receipts
- current receipts
- custodianship receipt
- custody receipt
- customs receipt
- customs receipts
- daily receipts
- day's receipts
- delayed receipt of cargo
- delayed receipt of payment
- delivery receipt
- depositary receipt
- dock receipt
- duplicate receipt
- duty receipt
- excess receipts
- export receipts
- filing receipt
- foreign exchange receipts
- goods receipt
- government receipts
- gross receipts
- inland revenue receipts
- insufficient receipts
- insufficient receipt of subventions from the federal budget
- insufficient budget receipts
- interest receipts
- interim receipt
- late receipt
- loan receipt
- luggage receipt
- master's receipt
- mate's receipt
- monthly receipts
- net receipts
- nontaxable receipts
- official receipt
- original receipt
- other receipts
- parcel receipt
- parcel post receipt
- port authorities receipt
- post receipt
- postal receipt
- post-office receipt
- premium receipt
- proprietary receipts
- provisional receipt
- public receipts
- quay receipt
- railway receipt
- register receipt
- registered mail receipt
- rent receipts
- revenue receipts
- share depositary receipt
- stock receipt
- subscription receipt
- tallyman's receipt
- tax receipts
- temporary receipt
- terminal receipt
- total receipts
- transfer receipt
- transhipment receipt
- trust receipt
- warehouse receipt
- warehouse-keeper's receipt
- wharfinger's receipt
- withdrawal receipt
- yearly receipts
- receipt for the balance
- receipt for depositor
- receipt for the premium
- receipt for a sum
- receipts from business transactions
- receipts from customs duties
- receipts from foreign investments
- receipts from freight
- receipts from taxes
- receipts from trade
- receipt from a warehouse
- receipt in full
- receipt in part
- receipt of an advice
- receipt of cargo
- receipt of competitive offers
- receipt of a consignment
- receipt of a credit
- receipt of a deposit
- receipt of documents
- receipt of documents for collection
- receipt of funds
- receipt of goods
- receipt of a licence
- receipt of money
- receipt of a notice
- receipt of a notification
- receipt of an order
- receipt of a patent
- receipt of tax payments
- receipt of payment
- receipt of transfer
- receipt of a visa
- against receipt
- on receipt
- pending receipt
- prior receipt
- receipts and expenditures
- acknowledge receipt
- confirm receipt
- derive receipts
- give a receipt
- issue a receipt
- make out a receipt
- present a receipt
- register receipt
- submit a receiptEnglish-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > receipt
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12 system
n1) система; комплекс2) система; порядок; классификация3) метод; способ
- accelerated cost recovery system
- accounting system
- actual cost system
- administrative system
- advanced system
- airline system
- appointment system
- assessment system
- automated control system
- automated management system
- automatic conveyor system
- automatic data processing system
- automatic transfer system
- banking system
- batch system
- bidding system
- bilateral clearing system
- bimetallic monetary system
- bonus system
- budgetary control system
- cash system
- centralized control system
- central record system
- chain store system
- checking system
- classification system
- clearing system
- clearing house interbank payment system
- closed system
- closed system of finance
- communication system
- computerised system
- computerised system of payments
- computerised interbank clearing system
- conference system
- constrained system
- constraint system
- container system
- contract system
- contractual vertical marketing system
- control system
- controlled system
- corporate vertical marketing system
- cost accounting system
- cost control system
- cost distribution system
- credit system
- crediting system
- credit scoring system
- credit transfer system
- cropping system
- currency system
- data system
- data acquisition system
- data collection system
- data interchange system
- data processing system
- data transmission system
- decentralized system
- decimal system
- deferred rebate system
- department incentive system
- deposit insurance system
- distribution system
- dual system
- dual-pay system
- dual price system
- dual standard cost system
- dynamic system
- economic system
- educational system
- electronic book-entry system
- electronic fund transfer system
- engineering system
- equilibrium system
- estimate cost system
- European monetary system
- evaluation system
- exchange system
- factory system
- farming system
- farm price system
- Federal Reserve System
- feedback system
- financial system
- fiscal system
- forecasting system
- free enterprise system
- generalized system of preferences
- giro system
- hauling system
- hire purchase system
- historical cost system
- household system
- import quota system
- imprest system
- industrial system
- inefficient tax system
- information system
- information retrieval system
- in-plant system
- inspection system
- integrated accounting system
- integrated record system
- Internet-based system
- inventory control system
- irrigation system
- job order cost system
- judicial system
- justice system
- land tenure system
- land-use system
- legal system
- licence system
- linear system
- lump system
- macroeconomic system
- management system
- management information system
- managerial system
- market system
- marketing system
- master system
- measuring system
- mechanical accounting system
- mercantile system
- metric system
- monetary system
- monitoring system
- multichannel system
- multicomputer system
- multidepot system
- multiitem system
- multilateral system of settlements
- multilevel system
- multiple system
- multiproduct inventory system
- multipurpose system
- multirobot system
- multistage system
- multiuser computer system
- national banking system
- normalized system
- office system
- one-crop system
- one-price system
- open price system
- operating system
- operational system
- order system
- ordering system
- par value system
- patent system
- pay system
- pay-as-you-earn system
- pay-as-you-go system
- payment system
- petty cash system
- piecework system
- planning system
- postal system
- post giro system
- power system
- premium system
- price system
- priority system
- private enterprise system
- process control system
- processing system
- production system
- product testing system
- programme system
- programme development system
- programming system
- protectionist system
- protective system
- public-address system
- quality system
- quality intelligence system
- quality rating system
- queueing system
- quota system
- railroad system
- railway system
- rating system
- rationing system
- real-time system
- recording system
- record keeping system
- reference system
- registration system
- relay system
- remote-control system
- reporting system
- retail trade system
- retrieval system
- risk-management system
- rotation system
- savings bank system
- scoring system
- search system
- selection system
- service system
- settlement system
- sewage system
- shared resource system
- shuttle system
- single system
- single-channel system
- social system
- stable system
- stand-alone system
- standard system
- standard cost system
- standby system
- state system
- static system
- stationary system
- storage system
- storekeeping system
- supply system
- sweating system
- tariff system
- tax system
- taxation system
- telecommunication system
- telephone system
- telephone answering system
- tender system
- tenure system
- testing system
- time-shared system
- timesharing system
- transfer system
- transmission system
- transport system
- transportation system
- trial system
- truck system
- two-shift system
- two-tier banking system
- two-tier gold system
- underwriting system
- uniform system of accounts
- universal time system
- unstable system
- value system
- vertical marketing system
- voucher system
- wage system
- wage labour system
- warehousing system
- waste disposal system
- waste handling system
- waste treatment system
- water system
- weighting system
- working system
- world system
- system of accounts
- system of administration
- system of bookkeeping
- system of classification
- system of control
- system of distribution
- system of information
- system of levies
- system of management
- system of marketing
- system of marking
- system of protective tariffs
- system of sales
- system of settlements
- system of tariffs
- system of taxation
- system of transportation
- system of units
- system of weights and measures
- bypass the banking system
- convert to a metric system
- design a system
- operate a system
- phase out the quota systemEnglish-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > system
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13 authority
ɔ:ˈθɔrɪtɪ сущ.
1) власть( for, over) (исконное значение "право требовать подчинения") to assume authority ≈ взять власть to delegate authority ≈ передавать власть to demonstrate/show authority ≈ показывать власть to establish authority ≈ устанавливать власть to exercise authority ≈ осуществлять правление to wield authority ≈ обладать властью to invoke authority ≈ взывать к властям to defy authority ≈ бросать вызов властям to deny/reject authority ≈ отвергать власть, не признавать властей to undermine authority ≈ подрывать власть, подрывать авторитет absolute (complete, full, supreme, unquestioned) authority ≈ полная власть, абсолютная власть, бесспорная власть parental authority ≈ родительская воля, родительское слово He assumed authority for overseas operations. ≈ Он взял власть над иностранными операциями. A commanding officer has complete authority over her personnel. ≈ У командира неограниченная власть над своими подчиненными. Who was in authority ? ≈ Кто был главным? These employees are under my authority. ≈ Эти сотрудники находятся у меня в подчинении. authority of Parliament ≈ власть парламента man set in authority ≈ человек, облеченный властью
2) обыкн. мн. власти civilian authority government authority hygiene authorities local authority military authority occupation authority Syn: jurisdiction
3) полномочие( for;
тж. с инф.) By what authority do you do these things, and who gave you this authority. ≈ По какому праву вы делаете это, и кто вам предоставил такое право?
4) авторитет, вес, влияние, значение to carry authority ≈ иметь влияние
5) авторитет, крупный специалист
6) авторитетный источник (письменного типа) to cite an authority ≈ цитировать авторитетный источник to invoke an authority ≈ ссылаться на авторитетный источник competent/reliable authority ≈ компетентный источник, надежный источник информации indisputable (irrefutable, unimpeachable, unquestioned) authority ≈ безупречный/бесспорный источник leading/respected authority ≈ уважаемый/достойный источник the greatest living authority ≈ величайший человек современности an outstanding authority on shipbuilding ≈ выдающийся специалист по кораблестроению on good authority ≈ на хорошем счетувласть - supreme * верховная власть - the * of Parliament власть /полномочия/ парламента - a man set in * лицо, облеченное властью - to have * иметь власть - who is in * here? кто здесь за главного?;
кто здесь командует? полномочие;
право, права;
компетенция - to give * давать полномочия - who gave you the * to do this? кто уполномочил вас сделать это? - to act with the * of the law действовать на основании закона - to act on smb.'s * действовать на основании полученных полномочий - to act on one's own * действовать самостоятельно /по собственному почину, на свой страх и риск/ - only the treasurer has the * to make payments только казначей имеет право совершать выплаты документ, подтверждающий полномочия;
доверенность;
ордер;
грамота и т. п. - here is my * вот документ, подтверждающий мои полномочия власти, начальство;
администрация - local authorities местные власти;
органы местного самоуправления - the municipal authorities муниципальные власти - to apply to the authorities обратиться к властям (военное) инстанция;
начальник орган, управление;
отдел - Port of London A. Управление Лондонского порта - National Command * Высшее национальное военное командование (в США) авторитет, вес, влияние - to have * with smb. пользоваться авторитетом у кого-л. авторитет, крупный специалист - he is an * on phonetics он является авторитетом в области фонетики авторитетный источник (книга, документ и т. п.) - to quote one's authorities ссылаться на авторитетные источники - to know smth. on good * знать что-л. из достоверного источника основание - what is your * for that statement? какое вы имеете основание для подобного утверждения? - on the * of papers по сообщениям газет вес, убедительность;
сила - his strong bass lent * to the performance его мощный бас сделал исполнение особенно впечатляющимact outside the scope of one's ~ выходить за пределы своей компетенции act outside the scope of one's ~ выходить за пределы своих полномочийadministrative ~ административный орган administrative ~ администрация administrative ~ власти administrative ~ руководство administrative ~ управленческий персонал~ (обыкн. pl the authorities) власти;
to apply to the authorities обратиться к властямauthority авторитет, крупный специалист ~ авторитет, вес, влияние, значение;
to carry authority иметь влияние ~ авторитет, авторитетный специалист, авторитетность, авторитетное утверждение ~ авторитет;
орган власти, ответственные лица( уполномоченные решать к.-л. вопросы) ~ авторитет ~ авторитетность ~ авторитетный источник (книга, документ) ~ авторитетный источник ~ (обыкн. pl the authorities) власти;
to apply to the authorities обратиться к властям ~ власть, полномочие, сфера компетенции ~ власть;
the authority of Parliament власть парламента ~ власть ~ влияние ~ доверенность, полномочие, разрешение ~ доверенность ~ доказательство, основание ~ доказательство ~ документ ~ источник права, закон, прецедент, судебное решение, документ, авторитетный учебник по праву ~ источник права ~ компетенция ~ крупный специалист ~ орган власти, орган управления ~ орган власти ~ орган управления ~ основание;
on the authority of the press на основании газетных сообщений, по утверждению газет ~ основание ~ полномочие (for;
тж. с inf.) ;
who gave you the authority to do this? кто уполномочил вас сделать это? ~ полномочие ~ вчт. полномочия ~ вчт. права ~ право ~ разрешение ~ судебное решение ~ сфера компетенции ~ управление~ for payment разрешение на оплату~ in charge of minors and incapacitated persons орган попечения несовершеннолетних и недееспособных лиц~ in law правомочие по закону~ власть;
the authority of Parliament власть парламента~ to dispose право распоряжаться имуществом~ to issue instructions право издавать инструкции~ to purchase право купли~ to sell право продажи~ to sign for firm право подписи за фирмуbudgetary ~ бюджетное управлениеbuilding ~ строительное управлениеby ~ по полномочию by ~ с разрешения~ авторитет, вес, влияние, значение;
to carry authority иметь влияниеcompetent ~ компетентный органconsular ~ консульские должностные лица consular ~ консульские представителиcustoms ~ таможенное управление customs ~ таможенные властиdelegated ~ делегированные полномочияeducational ~ управление по образованиюexceed ~ выходить за пределы компетенции exceed ~ выходить за пределы полномочий exceed ~ превышать полномочияexecutive ~ исполнительная властьgeneral ~ генеральные полномочия, общие полномочия на ведение конкретного дела или предприятия general ~ генеральные полномочия general ~ общие полномочия на ведение конкретного делаgrant ~ предоставлять полномочия grant ~ уполномочиватьharbour ~ портовые властиhealth ~ орган здравоохраненияhighway ~ дорожное ведомство highway ~ дорожное управлениеhousing supervisory ~ орган контроля за жилищным строительствомimplied ~ подразумеваемое полномочиеintermediate ~ временный орган властиjoint ~ совместные полномочияjudicial ~ судебная власть judicial ~ судейская властьlegislative ~ законодательные властиlocal ~ местная власть local ~ местный орган власти local ~ орган местного самоуправления local ~ самоуправляющийся орган местной власти, муниципалитет, местная властьlocal housing ~ местное жилищное управлениеa man set in ~ человек, облеченный властьюmarriage ~ отдел регистрации браковmedical ~ медицинское управлениеmonetary ~ руководящее денежно-кредитное учреждениеnegotiating ~ полномочия на ведение переговоровnote issuing ~ право выпуска банкнотofficial ~ государственные власти~ основание;
on the authority of the press на основании газетных сообщений, по утверждению газетostensible ~ мнимые полномочияpatent ~ патентное ведомствоpaternal ~ родительская властьport ~ портовые властиprovisional ~ временные полномочияpublic ~ орган государственной властиregulatory ~ контрольный орган regulatory ~ распорядительный органrelevant ~ компетентный органrepresentative ~ представительные властиroad ~ дорожное управлениеstate ~ государственная властьsupervising ~ контрольный органsupervisory ~ контрольный орган supervisory ~ наблюдательный органsupreme administrative ~ высший административный органsupreme ~ верховная власть supreme ~ высший органtax ~ налоговое управлениеterritorial ~ территориальные властиtransport ~ транспортное управлениеultimate ~ высшие полномочия ultimate ~ последняя инстанция~ полномочие (for;
тж. с inf.) ;
who gave you the authority to do this? кто уполномочил вас сделать это?Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > authority
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14 consideration
kənˌsɪdəˈreɪʃən сущ.
1) а) размышление, рассуждение, анализ, разбор, рассмотрение After long consideration he agreed to their requests. ≈ После долгих размышлений он согласился с их требованиями. under consideration give some consideration to the matter send for consideration deserve consideration require consideration Syn: discussion б) взгляд, мнение, суждение take into consideration in consideration of on no consideration under no consideration careful consideration due consideration serious consideration financial considerations personal considerations
2) вежливость, предупредительность;
почет, уважение people of regard ≈ уважаемые люди, состоятельные люди accept the assurance of my highest consideration ≈ примите уверение в моем совершенном (к Вам) уважении (в официальных письмах) Syn: esteem, respect, regard
3) фин. возмещение, компенсация, оплата a small fee in consideration of many kind services ≈ маленькая плата в обмен на/за множество добрых услуг Syn: recompense, payment рассмотрение;
обсуждение - under * на рассмотрении, на обсуждении - the question is now under * вопрос сейчас рассматривается - to give (a problem) one's careful * тщательно рассмотреть /обсудить/ (вопрос) - the plan is subject to * план подлежит рассмотрению соображение - to take into * принять во внимание;
(юридическое) судить по совокупности, принимать решение с учетом не упомянутых в обвинительном акте преступлений, в которых признается подсудимый - to leave out of * не принять во внимание, не учесть - in * of... принимая во внимание..., учитывая... - several *s have influenced me in coming to a decision я принял решение, исходя из нескольких соображений внимание, предупредительность;
уважение - to show great * for smb. оказывать большое внимание кому-л., быть очень предупредительным по отношению к кому-л - out of * for his age из уважения к его возрасту - accept the assurances of my highest * примите уверения в моем совершенном уважении (в официальной переписке) возмещение, компенсация, вознаграждение - to do smth. for a * сделать что-л. за вознаграждение - in * of в благодарность за, в виде компенсации за - executed * (юридическое) исполненное встречное удовлетворение - concurrent * (юридическое) одновременное встречное удовлетворение - executory * (юридическое) будущее встречное удовлетворение (книжное) важность, значительность - it's of no * at all это совсем не важно > on /under/ no * ни под каким видом, ни в коем случае, ни за что accept the assurance of my highest ~ примите уверение в моем совершенном (к Вам) уважении (в официальных письмах) budgetary considerations фин. бюджетные предположения consideration внимание, предупредительность;
уважение;
to show great consideration (for smb.) быть очень предупредительным (к кому-л.) ~ внимание ~ возмещение, компенсация;
for a consideration за вознаграждение ~ возмещение ~ вознаграждение ~ встречное удовлетворение ~ денежное выражение фондовой сделки ~ компенсация, вознаграждение ~ компенсация ~ предупредительность ~ рассмотрение, обсуждение;
under consideration на рассмотрении, рассматриваемый, обсуждаемый;
to give a problem one's careful consideration тщательно обсудить вопрос ~ рассмотрение, обсуждение ~ рассмотрение ~ соображение;
to take into consideration принимать во внимание;
that's a consideration это важное соображение или обстоятельство;
in consideration of принимая во внимание ~ соображение ~ уважение ~ of implications учет последствий ~ of judgment вынесение приговора executed ~ исполненное встречное удовлетворение expediency ~ оценка целесообразности favourable ~ льготная компенсация financial ~ финансовая компенсация financial ~ финансовое возмещение ~ возмещение, компенсация;
for a consideration за вознаграждение further ~ дальнейшее рассмотрение further ~ последующая компенсация ~ рассмотрение, обсуждение;
under consideration на рассмотрении, рассматриваемый, обсуждаемый;
to give a problem one's careful consideration тщательно обсудить вопрос ~ соображение;
to take into consideration принимать во внимание;
that's a consideration это важное соображение или обстоятельство;
in consideration of принимая во внимание minor ~ несущественное соображение monetary ~ денежное встречное удовлетворение nonmonetary ~ неденежная компенсация on (или under) no ~ ни под каким видом;
overriding considerations соображения, имеющие важнейшее значение on (или under) no ~ ни под каким видом;
overriding considerations соображения, имеющие важнейшее значение pecuniary ~ денежное встречное удовлетворение preliminary ~ предварительное рассмотрение consideration внимание, предупредительность;
уважение;
to show great consideration (for smb.) быть очень предупредительным (к кому-л.) social ~ социальная компенсация ~ соображение;
to take into consideration принимать во внимание;
that's a consideration это важное соображение или обстоятельство;
in consideration of принимая во внимание take into ~ принимать во внимание taxation ~ критерий налогообложения ~ соображение;
to take into consideration принимать во внимание;
that's a consideration это важное соображение или обстоятельство;
in consideration of принимая во внимание ~ рассмотрение, обсуждение;
under consideration на рассмотрении, рассматриваемый, обсуждаемый;
to give a problem one's careful consideration тщательно обсудить вопрос under ~ испытуемый under ~ исследуемый under ~ на обсуждении under ~ проверяемый under ~ рассматриваемый valuable ~ достаточное встречное удовлетворение valuable ~ надлежащее встречное удовлетворение valuable ~ ценное встречное удовлетворениеБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > consideration
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15 year
jə: сущ.
1) год to spend a year somewhere ≈ провести год где-л. every year ≈ каждый год last year ≈ в прошлом году next year ≈ в следующем году this year ≈ в этом году the coming year ≈ в наступающем году the current year ≈ в текущем году the past year ≈ в прошедшем году in future years ≈ в будущем up to last year ≈ до прошлого года By the year 2000, the population in many countries will double. ≈ К 2000 году население во многих странах удвоится. They have not been here for/in years. ≈ Их здесь не было очень долго. He died in the year of the great flood. ≈ Он умер в год большого наводнения. She had three years of college. ≈ Она проучилась три года в колледже. year in year out from year to year year by year year after year years ago years and years ago year of grace for a year academic year school year bad year lean year banner year good year peak year record year calendar year election year fiscal year golden years happy year jubilee year leap year light year lunar year memorable year presidential year profitable year sabbatical year sidereal year solar year
2) мн. возраст, годы children of tender years ≈ дети в младенческом возрасте She is five years old. ≈ Ей пять лет. год - this * в этом году - academic /school/ * учебный год - business * хозяйственный год - fiscal /financial/ * бюджетный /финансовый/ год - calendar /legal, civil, artificial/ * календарный год - basal /base, reference/ * (экономика) базисный год - current * текущий год - astronomical /natural, solar, tropical, equinoctial/ * (астрономический) тропический год - leap * високосный год - lunar * лунный год - siderial * сидерический /звездный/ год - Sabbatic( - al) * каждый седьмой год, когда пашня и виноградники остаются под паром( в древнем и современном Израиле) ;
(творческий) отпуск на год или полгода( предоставляется раз в семь лет преподавателю колледжа или университета для учебы и т. п.) - * under review отчетный год - twenty *s ago двадцать лет назад - once a * раз в год - next * в следующем году - this day next * ровно через год - in the * 1866 в 1866 году - in the * of grace /of our Lord/ 1564 в 1564 году от рождества Христова - in this * of grace (ироничное) в наши дни, в наш век - in a *'s time через год - we shall return one * from today мы вернемся (ровно) через год - the * round круглый год - * in (and) out из года в год - from * to *, * by *, * after * каждый год;
с каждым годом;
год от году - (a) * and (a) day (юридическое) (полный) год - a three * period трехлетний период /срок/ - first * student первокурсник - Happy New Y.! с Новым годом! - to see the old * out, the new * in проводить старый и встретить Новый год pl возраст, годы - he is old for his *s он выглядит старо (для своих лет) - a man in /of/ *s пожилой человек, человек в годах - to grow /to be getting on, to advance/ in *s стареть - to die full of *s умереть в расцвете лет - he is twenty *s old ему двадцать лет - she is in her twentieth * ей (идет) двадцатый год - I hope to live to your *s я надеюсь дожить до ваших лет длительный период времени - *s ago очень давно - in *s to come в будущем - I haven't seen him for /in/ *s я не видел его целую вечность > in /from, since/ the * dot /one/ в незапамятные времена;
при царе Горохе > I've had this coat since the * dot я уже столько лет таскаю это пальто accounting ~ отчетный год accounting ~ финансовый год amount carried forward to next ~ сумма, перенесенная на следующий год assessment ~ год налогообложения balance from the previous ~ сальдо с предыдущего года banking ~ отчетный год банка base ~ базисный год basis ~ базисный год budget ~ бюджетный год budgetary ~ бюджетный год business ~ бюджетный год business ~ отчетный год business ~ хозяйственный год calendar ~ календарный год convention ~ пат. конвенционный год corporation tax ~ налоговый год корпорации current ~ текущий год end ~ последний год every other ~ через год every second ~ каждый второй год financial tax ~ финансовый год в системе налогообложения following ~ следующий год from ~ to ~, ~ by ~, ~ after ~ с каждым годом;
каждый год;
год от году good ~ благоприятный год grain ~ сельскохозяйственный год half ~ полгода new ~ Новый год;
Happy New Year! с Новым годом! ~ pl возраст, годы;
he looks young for his years он молодо выглядит для своих лет;
in years пожилой in the ~ of grace (или of our Lord) 1975 в 1975 году от рождества Христова ~ pl возраст, годы;
he looks young for his years он молодо выглядит для своих лет;
in years пожилой income tax ~ год, за который взимается подоходный налог insurance ~ год страхования legal ~ юридический год maturity ~ год, когда наступает срок платежа new ~ новогодний;
new year party встреча Нового года new ~ Новый год;
Happy New Year! с Новым годом! new ~ новогодний;
new year party встреча Нового года noncalendar financial ~ некалендарный финансовый год operating ~ операционный год parliamentary ~ парламентский год past ~ прошлый год patent ~ год выдачи патента preceding financial ~ предыдущий финансовый год preceding ~ предыдущий год previous ~ предшествующий год previous ~ предыдущий год probationary ~ испытательный год probationary ~ испытательный срок продолжительностью один год recession ~ кризисный год reporting ~ отчетный год reversion ~ год возврата salary ~ расчетный год по заработной плате sales ~ год продажи school ~ учебный год short business ~ короткий финансовый год short business ~ короткий хозяйственный год short fiscal ~ короткий финансовый год shortfall ~ год спада производства subsequent ~ последующий год tax ~ учетный год налогообложения taxation ~ учетный год налогоообложения trading ~ операционный год trading ~ хозяйственный год transitional fiscal ~ финансовый год переходного периода wage ~ год начисления заработной платы work ~ производственный год work ~ хозяйственный год from ~ to ~, ~ by ~, ~ after ~ с каждым годом;
каждый год;
год от году ~ год;
year by year каждый год;
year in year out из года в год ~ by ~ каждый год from ~ to ~, ~ by ~, ~ after ~ с каждым годом;
каждый год;
год от году ~ год;
year by year каждый год;
year in year out из года в год ~ of acceptance год акцептования ~ of acquisition год приобретения ~ of appropriation год ассигнования ~ of appropriation год приобретения ~ of assessment год обложения налогом ~ of assessment год оценки недвижимого имущества ~ of crisis кризисный год ~ of death год смерти ~ of deduction год предоставления налоговой скидки ~ of deduction год удержания ~ of delivery год поставки ~ of deposit год депонирования ~ of disbursement год выплаты ~ of foundation год основания ~ of grace год нашей эры years (and years) ago очень давно, целую вечность;
the year of grace год нашей эры ~ of improvements год мелиорации ~ of improvements год модернизации ~ of income год получения дохода ~ of operation год сделки ~ of operation год финансовой операции ~ of payment год платежа ~ of provision год снабжения ~ of publication год публикации ~ of purchase год покупки ~ of rebuilding год реконструкции ~ of recession год спада ~ of sale год продажи ~ of sale год реализации ~ of termination год истечения срока ~ of termination срок прекращения действия ~ on ~ в годовом исчислении ~ to date на данный год ~ to the first instant год первоначального намерения years (and years) ago очень давно, целую вечность;
the year of grace год нашей эры -
16 account
1. n1) отчет, доклад, сообщение2) мнение; отзыв; версия; оценка3) ответ; ответственность4) учитывание, принятие во внимание•to bring / to call smb to account for smth — призвать / привлечь кого-л. к ответу / ответственности за что-л.
to establish an account in / with a bank — открывать счет в банке
to examine accounts — проверять счета / отчетность
to file one's accounts of smth — представлять свои отчеты о чем-л.
to give a good account of oneself — хорошо себя проявить, зарекомендовать себя
to give an account of smth — делать отчет / сообщение о чем-л.
to have an account in / with a bank — иметь счет в банке
to keep an account in / with a bank — иметь счет в банке
to open an account in / with a bank — открывать счет в банке
to pay into an account — записывать / вносить на счет
to put funds on smb's account — класть средства на чей-л. счет
to render an account of smth — делать отчет / сообщение о чем-л.
- account attachedto take account of smth / to take smth into account — учитывать / принимать во внимание / брать в расчет что-л.
- account of expenses
- accurate account
- active account
- American account of events
- annual account
- bank account
- biased account
- blocked account
- blow by blow account
- budget account
- budgetary account
- by all accounts
- cash account
- charge account
- checking account
- conflicting accounts
- country's current account is in the red
- credit account
- current account
- defiled account
- deposit account
- expense accounts
- explicit account
- external account
- eyewitness account
- fictitious account
- financial account
- first-hand account
- for account of smb
- freeze on a country's bank accounts
- front-page account
- full account
- general account
- in account
- inactive account
- internal account
- joint account
- newspaper account
- official account
- on account
- one-sided account
- outstanding account
- payment accounts
- press accounts
- pro forma account
- running account
- savings account
- settlement account
- settlement of clearing accounts
- summary account
- true account
- vivid account 2. v( for)1) объяснять2) отчитываться, давать отчет; нести ответственность, отвечать•to account for smth to smb — отчитываться перед кем-л. за что-л.
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17 operation
n1) работа; деятельность; операция; действие; эксплуатация2) сделка•to achieve economic operation — достигать рентабельной эксплуатации (оборудования и т.п.)
to carry out an operation — проводить / осуществлять операцию
to come into operation — начинать действовать; вступать в силу
to conduct operations — вести / осуществлять деятельность / работу
to expand one's foreign operations — расширять свои внешние ( зарубежные) операции
to give the green light for an operation — давать "добро" на проведение какой-л. операции
to go into operation — начинать действовать; вступать в силу
to mount an operation — организовывать / предпринимать операцию
to put into operation — вводить / пускать в эксплуатацию; вводить в действие
to set in operation — вводить / пускать в эксплуатацию; вводить в действие
to streamline operations — рационализировать (производственную, хозяйственную) деятельность
- administrative operationsto supervise operations — руководить операциями / работой
- air operations
- alien smuggling operation
- all weather operations
- anti-insurgency operation
- arms smuggling operation
- assistance operations
- auxiliary operations
- badly carried out operation
- banking operations
- black operations
- budgetary operations
- bungled operation
- cessation of combat operations
- clandestine operation
- clean-up operation
- code-named operation
- combat operations
- counter-guerrilla operations
- covert operation
- covert operations under the guise of aid
- cover-up operation
- cross-border operation
- day-to-day operations
- delaying operations
- drug trafficking operation
- drugs-for-guns operation
- emergency aid operation
- emergency relief operation
- espionage operation
- exchange operations
- external operation
- extraterritorial operations
- field operations
- financial operations
- fire-fighting operation
- guerrilla operations
- ill-planned operation
- intelligence operation
- internal operation
- joint operation
- landing operations
- lending operations
- market operations
- military operation
- monetary operation
- mutual aim operations
- nationwide operation
- oilcan operation
- ongoing operation
- Operation Desert Storm
- Operation Iraq Freedom
- operation defensive in nature
- operation is going according to plan
- operation of atomic powerstations
- operation of economy
- operation of the trusteeship system
- pacification operation
- payment operations
- peace-keeping operations
- personnel operations
- plan of operations
- poll-watching operation
- processing operations
- progress of the operation
- psychological operation s
- punitive operations
- relief and rebuilding operation
- rescue operation
- salvage operations
- scale of business operations
- sea operations
- search-and-destroy operation
- secret operation
- sensitive operation
- special operations
- spy operation
- steady operation
- stop-and-search operation
- subversive operations
- successful operation
- termination of combat operations
- theater of operation
- UN peace-keeping operation
- undercover operation
- widespread operation
- working operations -
18 arrangement
n1) расположение в определенном порядке; организация; систематизация2) договоренность, соглашение3) pl мероприятия
- administrative arrangement
- binding arrangement
- budgetary arrangements
- buy-back arrangement
- clearing arrangement
- consumer credit arrangements
- contingency finance arrangement
- contractual arrangement
- credit arrangement
- exchange arrangement
- exclusive dealer arrangement
- final arrangement
- financing arrangement
- import arrangement
- intergovernmental arrangement
- international commodity arrangement
- legal arrangements
- market-sharing arrangement
- multilateral arrangement
- overdraft arrangement
- payments arrangement
- pension arrangements
- personnel arrangement
- price arrangement
- preliminary arrangement
- profit-sharing arrangement
- reciprocal arrangement
- risk sharing arrangement
- same-day payment arrangement
- standby arrangement
- verbal arrangement
- visa arrangements
- working arrangements
- arrangement of facilities
- arrangement with creditors
- by mutual arrangement
- enter into an arrangement
- make an arrangementEnglish-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > arrangement
-
19 condition
1. n1) состояние, положение2) pl обстоятельства, условия, обстановка; режим3) условие, оговорка
- abnormal conditions
- acceptable conditions
- actual operating conditions
- additional conditions
- adverse conditions
- apparent condition
- as-received condition
- atmospheric conditions
- auxiliary condition
- average conditions
- basic conditions
- basis conditions
- boilerplate conditions
- boom conditions
- business conditions
- climatic conditions
- commercial conditions
- competitive conditions
- compulsory conditions
- credit conditions
- critical conditions
- debenture conditions
- defective condition
- design conditions
- desired conditions
- dissolving condition
- economic conditions
- emergency conditions
- end-service condition
- end-use condition
- environmental conditions
- equal conditions
- equilibrium conditions
- existing conditions
- express conditions
- extreme conditions
- faulty condition
- favourable conditions
- feasibility conditions
- financial condition
- financial conditions
- first-order conditions
- general conditions
- general conditions of a contract
- guarantee conditions
- housing conditions
- implied condition
- inequitable condition
- inflationary conditions
- insurance conditions
- job conditions
- labour conditions
- lease conditions
- letter of credit conditions
- licence conditions
- limiting condition
- living conditions
- loan conditions
- local conditions
- main condition
- maintenance conditions
- mandatory conditions
- marginal conditions
- market condition
- market conditions
- marketing conditions
- meteorological conditions
- moderate operating conditions
- normal conditions
- obligatory conditions
- operable condition
- operating condition
- operating conditions
- operation conditions
- operational conditions
- optimal conditions
- outside condition
- peak condition
- perfect condition
- permanent condition
- plant conditions
- policy conditions
- poor condition
- practical conditions
- precedent condition
- preferential conditions
- preliminary condition
- prescribed conditions
- prevailing conditions
- prevalent market conditions
- prior condition
- production conditions
- project conditions
- proper condition
- purchase and sale conditions
- queue condition
- rated conditions
- readiness condition
- realistic conditions
- realizability condition
- reasonable conditions
- regular service conditions
- resolutive condition
- restrictive conditions
- running conditions
- safety conditions
- saturation condition
- second-order conditions
- service conditions
- serviceable condition
- shop conditions
- side condition
- site conditions
- social conditions
- soil condition
- sound condition
- special conditions
- special policy conditions
- stabilized production conditions
- stable monetary conditions
- standard conditions
- stand-by condition
- starting conditions
- stipulated conditions
- storage conditions
- strict budgetary conditions
- strict technical conditions
- stringent conditions
- subsequent condition
- suitable conditions
- suitable shipping conditions
- surplus conditions
- suspensive condition
- technical conditions
- technological conditions
- tender conditions
- test conditions
- top condition
- trading conditions
- traffic conditions
- transport conditions
- unequal conditions
- unfair conditions
- unfavourable conditions
- uniform conditions
- unsatisfactory conditions
- unsound financial condition
- unstable market conditions
- usable condition
- use conditions
- usual conditions
- working conditions
- conditions of acceptance
- condition of cargo
- conditions of a contract
- conditions of delivery
- conditions of employment
- conditions of financing
- condition of goods
- conditions of a guarantee
- conditions of a letter of credit
- conditions of life
- conditions of the market
- conditions of marketing
- condition of packages
- conditions of participation
- conditions of payment
- conditions of sale
- conditions of service
- conditions of subscription
- conditions of supply
- conditions of transport
- conditions of work
- as per conditions
- in accordance with conditions
- in damaged condition
- in good condition
- in serviceable condition
- in undamaged condition
- in working condition
- on condition
- out of condition
- under existing conditions
- under the given conditions
- under production conditions
- adhere to conditions
- alter conditions
- attach conditions
- bargain for better conditions
- break conditions
- change conditions
- conform to conditions
- create favourable conditions
- follow conditions
- fulfil conditions
- implement conditions
- impose conditions
- improve conditions
- include conditions
- incorporate conditions
- infringe conditions
- lay down conditions
- make conditions
- meet conditions
- modify conditions
- observe conditions
- revise conditions
- set forth conditions
- stipulate conditions
- superimpose conditions
- violate conditions
- yield to conditions2. vEnglish-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > condition
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20 crisis
n(pl crises) кризис
- acute crisis
- agricultural crisis
- balance of payments crisis
- bank crisis
- budgetary crisis
- cabinet crisis
- chronic crisis
- commercial crisis
- credit crisis
- currency crisis
- cyclical crisis
- dollar crisis
- economic crisis
- exchange crisis
- financial crisis
- foreign exchange crisis
- government crisis
- industrial crisis
- international crisis
- investment crisis
- liquidity crisis
- monetary crisis
- monetary and credit crisis
- monetary and financial crisis
- nonpayment crisis
- overproduction crisis
- payment-arrears crisis
- payments crisis
- periodical crises
- protracted crisis
- recurrent crises
- sales crisis
- world crisis
- crisis of confidence
- crisis of overproduction
- crisis of underconsumption
- avert a crisis
- bring about a crisis
- exacerbate a crisis
- get over a crisis
- go through a crisis
- pass a crisis
- stave off a crisis
- stumble into a crisis
- undergo a crisisEnglish-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > crisis
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