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backward integral

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  • Russo-Vallois integral — In mathematical analysis, the Russo Vallois integral is an extension of the classical Riemann Stieltjes integral :int fdg=int fg ds for suitable functions f and g. The idea is to replace the derivative g by the difference quotient:g(s+epsilon)… …   Wikipedia

  • Time-scale calculus — In mathematics, time scale calculus is a unification of the theory of difference equations with that of differential equations, unifying integral and differential calculus with the calculus of finite differences, offering a formalism for studying …   Wikipedia

  • Backmasking — ██████████75  …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Finite difference — A finite difference is a mathematical expression of the form f(x + b) − f(x + a). If a finite difference is divided by b − a, one gets a difference quotient. The approximation of derivatives by finite differences… …   Wikipedia

  • analysis — /euh nal euh sis/, n., pl. analyses / seez /. 1. the separating of any material or abstract entity into its constituent elements (opposed to synthesis). 2. this process as a method of studying the nature of something or of determining its… …   Universalium

  • thermodynamics — thermodynamicist, n. /therr moh duy nam iks/, n. (used with a sing. v.) the science concerned with the relations between heat and mechanical energy or work, and the conversion of one into the other: modern thermodynamics deals with the properties …   Universalium

  • Europe, history of — Introduction       history of European peoples and cultures from prehistoric times to the present. Europe is a more ambiguous term than most geographic expressions. Its etymology is doubtful, as is the physical extent of the area it designates.… …   Universalium

  • Gauge fixing — Quantum field theory (Feynman diagram) …   Wikipedia

  • nature, philosophy of — Introduction       the discipline that investigates substantive issues regarding the actual features of nature as a reality. The discussion here is divided into two parts: the philosophy of physics and the philosophy of biology.       In this… …   Universalium

  • Partial differential equation — A visualisation of a solution to the heat equation on a two dimensional plane In mathematics, partial differential equations (PDE) are a type of differential equation, i.e., a relation involving an unknown function (or functions) of several… …   Wikipedia

  • Dust collector — Two rooftop dust collectors in Pristina, Kosovo A dust collector is a system used to enhance the quality of air released from industrial and commercial processes by collecting dust and other impurities from air or gas. Designed to handle heavy… …   Wikipedia

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