The Infernal

infernal (also figurative).

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► adjetivo

1 (del infierno) infernal

2 familiar figurado hellish

■ hace un calor infernal it's hellishly hot

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ADJ infernal, hellish

* * *

adjetivo < ruido> infernal, hideous; < música> diabolical

* * *

= hellish, scorching.

Ex. The movie novel is about a trio of small-town guys who come across a wrecked plane containing a bag full of what they presume to be 'dirty money' and decide to hold onto it, with predictably hellish consequences.

Ex. It is widely known that black robes help the Bedouins to keep cool in the scorching heat of the desert.

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* calor infernal = blistering heat.

* * *

adjetivo < ruido> infernal, hideous; < música> diabolical

* * *

* * *

‹ruido› infernal, hideous; ‹música› diabolical

hacía un calor infernal it was baking o unbearably o hellishly hot ( colloq)

tengo un dolor de muelas infernal I have terrible o unbearable toothache

* * *

◊ hacía un calor infernal it was baking hot (colloq)

* * *

infernal adj

1. [del infierno] infernal

2. [ruido, tiempo] abominable;

hizo un calor infernal it was infernally hot

* * *

1 ruido, calor infernal

2 ( muy malo) diabolical

* * *

infernal adj

: infernal, hellish

(n.) = scorching heat, blistering heat

Ex. With scorching heat from above and hard labour in the fields, Mirza Kak felt pangs of hunger.

Ex. Normally snow-covered in winter, the mountain range is bare now but offers some welcome shade from the blistering sun.

* * *

Tartărus or - os, i, m., in plur. (on prosodial grounds): Tartăra, ōrum, n., = Tartaros, plur. Tartara, the infernal regions, Tartarus ( poet.; in prose, inferi); sing., Lucr. 3, 1012; Verg. A. 6, 577; Hor. C. 3, 7, 17; Stat. S. 2, 7, 116; plur., Lucr. 3, 42; 3, 966; 5, 1126; Verg. A. 4, 243; 6, 135; Hor. C. 1, 28, 10; Ov. M. 1, 113; 5, 371; 5, 423;

10, 21 et saep. al.—Personified: Tartarus pater,

i. e. Pluto, Val. Fl. 4, 258.—Hence,

Tartărĕus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the infernal regions, Tartarean, infernal:

tenebrica plaga, Cic. poët. Tusc. 2, 9, 22: antrum,

i. e. the infernal regions, Luc. 6, 712:

umbrae,

Ov. M. 6, 676; 12, 257:

custos,

i. e. Cerberus, Verg. A. 6, 395:

Acheron,

id. ib. 6, 295:

Phlegethon,

id. ib. 6, 551:

sorores,

i. e. the Furies, id. ib. 7, 328; Stat. Th. 5, 66;

hence, vox Alectus,

Verg. A. 7, 514.—

Tartărĭnus, a, um, adj., Tartarean, infernal; poet. for horrid, terrible:

Tartarino cum dixit Ennius, horrendo et terribili Verrius vult accipi, a Tartaro, qui locus apud inferos,

Fest. p. 359 Müll.: corpore Tartarino prognata Paluda virago, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, 37 ib.— Trop.:

delator,

Amm. 15, 6, 1.

Tartărus, i, m., a river of Italy, now Tariaro, Tac. H. 3, 9.

Tartărus or - os, i, m., in plur. (on prosodial grounds): Tartăra, ōrum, n., = Tartaros, plur. Tartara, the infernal regions, Tartarus ( poet.; in prose, inferi); sing., Lucr. 3, 1012; Verg. A. 6, 577; Hor. C. 3, 7, 17; Stat. S. 2, 7, 116; plur., Lucr. 3, 42; 3, 966; 5, 1126; Verg. A. 4, 243; 6, 135; Hor. C. 1, 28, 10; Ov. M. 1, 113; 5, 371; 5, 423;

10, 21 et saep. al.—Personified: Tartarus pater,

i. e. Pluto, Val. Fl. 4, 258.—Hence,

Tartărĕus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the infernal regions, Tartarean, infernal:

tenebrica plaga, Cic. poët. Tusc. 2, 9, 22: antrum,

i. e. the infernal regions, Luc. 6, 712:

umbrae,

Ov. M. 6, 676; 12, 257:

custos,

i. e. Cerberus, Verg. A. 6, 395:

Acheron,

id. ib. 6, 295:

Phlegethon,

id. ib. 6, 551:

sorores,

i. e. the Furies, id. ib. 7, 328; Stat. Th. 5, 66;

hence, vox Alectus,

Verg. A. 7, 514.—

Tartărĭnus, a, um, adj., Tartarean, infernal; poet. for horrid, terrible:

Tartarino cum dixit Ennius, horrendo et terribili Verrius vult accipi, a Tartaro, qui locus apud inferos,

Fest. p. 359 Müll.: corpore Tartarino prognata Paluda virago, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, 37 ib.— Trop.:

delator,

Amm. 15, 6, 1.

Tartărus, i, m., a river of Italy, now Tariaro, Tac. H. 3, 9.

Tartărus or - os, i, m., in plur. (on prosodial grounds): Tartăra, ōrum, n., = Tartaros, plur. Tartara, the infernal regions, Tartarus ( poet.; in prose, inferi); sing., Lucr. 3, 1012; Verg. A. 6, 577; Hor. C. 3, 7, 17; Stat. S. 2, 7, 116; plur., Lucr. 3, 42; 3, 966; 5, 1126; Verg. A. 4, 243; 6, 135; Hor. C. 1, 28, 10; Ov. M. 1, 113; 5, 371; 5, 423;

10, 21 et saep. al.—Personified: Tartarus pater,

i. e. Pluto, Val. Fl. 4, 258.—Hence,

Tartărĕus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the infernal regions, Tartarean, infernal:

tenebrica plaga, Cic. poët. Tusc. 2, 9, 22: antrum,

i. e. the infernal regions, Luc. 6, 712:

umbrae,

Ov. M. 6, 676; 12, 257:

custos,

i. e. Cerberus, Verg. A. 6, 395:

Acheron,

id. ib. 6, 295:

Phlegethon,

id. ib. 6, 551:

sorores,

i. e. the Furies, id. ib. 7, 328; Stat. Th. 5, 66;

hence, vox Alectus,

Verg. A. 7, 514.—

Tartărĭnus, a, um, adj., Tartarean, infernal; poet. for horrid, terrible:

Tartarino cum dixit Ennius, horrendo et terribili Verrius vult accipi, a Tartaro, qui locus apud inferos,

Fest. p. 359 Müll.: corpore Tartarino prognata Paluda virago, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, 37 ib.— Trop.:

delator,

Amm. 15, 6, 1.

Tartărus, i, m., a river of Italy, now Tariaro, Tac. H. 3, 9.

Tartărus or - os, i, m., in plur. (on prosodial grounds): Tartăra, ōrum, n., = Tartaros, plur. Tartara, the infernal regions, Tartarus ( poet.; in prose, inferi); sing., Lucr. 3, 1012; Verg. A. 6, 577; Hor. C. 3, 7, 17; Stat. S. 2, 7, 116; plur., Lucr. 3, 42; 3, 966; 5, 1126; Verg. A. 4, 243; 6, 135; Hor. C. 1, 28, 10; Ov. M. 1, 113; 5, 371; 5, 423;

10, 21 et saep. al.—Personified: Tartarus pater,

i. e. Pluto, Val. Fl. 4, 258.—Hence,

Tartărĕus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the infernal regions, Tartarean, infernal:

tenebrica plaga, Cic. poët. Tusc. 2, 9, 22: antrum,

i. e. the infernal regions, Luc. 6, 712:

umbrae,

Ov. M. 6, 676; 12, 257:

custos,

i. e. Cerberus, Verg. A. 6, 395:

Acheron,

id. ib. 6, 295:

Phlegethon,

id. ib. 6, 551:

sorores,

i. e. the Furies, id. ib. 7, 328; Stat. Th. 5, 66;

hence, vox Alectus,

Verg. A. 7, 514.—

Tartărĭnus, a, um, adj., Tartarean, infernal; poet. for horrid, terrible:

Tartarino cum dixit Ennius, horrendo et terribili Verrius vult accipi, a Tartaro, qui locus apud inferos,

Fest. p. 359 Müll.: corpore Tartarino prognata Paluda virago, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, 37 ib.— Trop.:

delator,

Amm. 15, 6, 1.

Tartărus, i, m., a river of Italy, now Tariaro, Tac. H. 3, 9.

Tartărus or - os, i, m., in plur. (on prosodial grounds): Tartăra, ōrum, n., = Tartaros, plur. Tartara, the infernal regions, Tartarus ( poet.; in prose, inferi); sing., Lucr. 3, 1012; Verg. A. 6, 577; Hor. C. 3, 7, 17; Stat. S. 2, 7, 116; plur., Lucr. 3, 42; 3, 966; 5, 1126; Verg. A. 4, 243; 6, 135; Hor. C. 1, 28, 10; Ov. M. 1, 113; 5, 371; 5, 423;

10, 21 et saep. al.—Personified: Tartarus pater,

i. e. Pluto, Val. Fl. 4, 258.—Hence,

Tartărĕus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the infernal regions, Tartarean, infernal:

tenebrica plaga, Cic. poët. Tusc. 2, 9, 22: antrum,

i. e. the infernal regions, Luc. 6, 712:

umbrae,

Ov. M. 6, 676; 12, 257:

custos,

i. e. Cerberus, Verg. A. 6, 395:

Acheron,

id. ib. 6, 295:

Phlegethon,

id. ib. 6, 551:

sorores,

i. e. the Furies, id. ib. 7, 328; Stat. Th. 5, 66;

hence, vox Alectus,

Verg. A. 7, 514.—

Tartărĭnus, a, um, adj., Tartarean, infernal; poet. for horrid, terrible:

Tartarino cum dixit Ennius, horrendo et terribili Verrius vult accipi, a Tartaro, qui locus apud inferos,

Fest. p. 359 Müll.: corpore Tartarino prognata Paluda virago, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, 37 ib.— Trop.:

delator,

Amm. 15, 6, 1.

Tartărus, i, m., a river of Italy, now Tariaro, Tac. H. 3, 9.

Taenărus ( - os), i, comm., and Tae-nărum ( - on), i, n., = Tainaros and Tainaron, a promontory and town in Laconia; on the promontory (now Cape Matapan) was a temple of Neptune, and near it a cavern, the fabled entrance to the infernal regions; it was also famous for its black marble, Mel. 2, 3, 8; Plin. 4, 5, 8, § 16; Liv. Andron. ap. Fest. p. 181 Müll. (Trag. Rel. p. 4 Rib.); Sen. Herc. Fur. 662; Luc. 9, 36; Stat. Th. 2, 32 sq.; Tib. 3, 3, 14; Serv. Verg. G. 4, 467.— Poet., for the infernal regions:

invisi horrida Taenari Sedes,

Hor. C. 1, 34, 10; Sen. Troad. 402.—Hence,

Taenărĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Tænarus, Tænarian; poet. also = Laconian, Spartan:

litus,

Plin. 9, 8, 8, § 28 (Jahn:

Taenarum in litus): humus,

Ov. H. 15 (16), 274:

columnae,

of Tænarian marble, Prop. 3 (4), 1, 49; so,

lapis,

Plin. 36, 18, 29, § 135:

deus,

i. e. Neptune, Prop. 1, 13, 22:

Taenariae fauces, alta ostia Ditis,

i. e. the entrance of the infernal regions, Verg. G. 4, 467; so,

fauces,

Luc. 6, 648:

porta,

Ov. M. 10, 13; cf.

vallis,

the infernal regions, id. F. 4, 612:

currus,

i. e. of Pluto, Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 2:

Eurotas,

Laconian, Spartan, Ov. M. 2, 247:

marita,

i. e. Helen, id. H. 13, 45.—

Taenărĭdes, ae, m., the Tænarian; poet. for the Laconian, i. e. Hyacinthus, Ov. M. 10, 183. —

Taenăris, ĭdis, adj. f., Tænarian; poet. for Laconian, Spartan:

ora,

Ov. H. 17, 6:

terra,

id. ib. 16, 30.

Taenărus ( - os), i, comm., and Tae-nărum ( - on), i, n., = Tainaros and Tainaron, a promontory and town in Laconia; on the promontory (now Cape Matapan) was a temple of Neptune, and near it a cavern, the fabled entrance to the infernal regions; it was also famous for its black marble, Mel. 2, 3, 8; Plin. 4, 5, 8, § 16; Liv. Andron. ap. Fest. p. 181 Müll. (Trag. Rel. p. 4 Rib.); Sen. Herc. Fur. 662; Luc. 9, 36; Stat. Th. 2, 32 sq.; Tib. 3, 3, 14; Serv. Verg. G. 4, 467.— Poet., for the infernal regions:

invisi horrida Taenari Sedes,

Hor. C. 1, 34, 10; Sen. Troad. 402.—Hence,

Taenărĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Tænarus, Tænarian; poet. also = Laconian, Spartan:

litus,

Plin. 9, 8, 8, § 28 (Jahn:

Taenarum in litus): humus,

Ov. H. 15 (16), 274:

columnae,

of Tænarian marble, Prop. 3 (4), 1, 49; so,

lapis,

Plin. 36, 18, 29, § 135:

deus,

i. e. Neptune, Prop. 1, 13, 22:

Taenariae fauces, alta ostia Ditis,

i. e. the entrance of the infernal regions, Verg. G. 4, 467; so,

fauces,

Luc. 6, 648:

porta,

Ov. M. 10, 13; cf.

vallis,

the infernal regions, id. F. 4, 612:

currus,

i. e. of Pluto, Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 2:

Eurotas,

Laconian, Spartan, Ov. M. 2, 247:

marita,

i. e. Helen, id. H. 13, 45.—

Taenărĭdes, ae, m., the Tænarian; poet. for the Laconian, i. e. Hyacinthus, Ov. M. 10, 183. —

Taenăris, ĭdis, adj. f., Tænarian; poet. for Laconian, Spartan:

ora,

Ov. H. 17, 6:

terra,

id. ib. 16, 30.

Taenărus ( - os), i, comm., and Tae-nărum ( - on), i, n., = Tainaros and Tainaron, a promontory and town in Laconia; on the promontory (now Cape Matapan) was a temple of Neptune, and near it a cavern, the fabled entrance to the infernal regions; it was also famous for its black marble, Mel. 2, 3, 8; Plin. 4, 5, 8, § 16; Liv. Andron. ap. Fest. p. 181 Müll. (Trag. Rel. p. 4 Rib.); Sen. Herc. Fur. 662; Luc. 9, 36; Stat. Th. 2, 32 sq.; Tib. 3, 3, 14; Serv. Verg. G. 4, 467.— Poet., for the infernal regions:

invisi horrida Taenari Sedes,

Hor. C. 1, 34, 10; Sen. Troad. 402.—Hence,

Taenărĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Tænarus, Tænarian; poet. also = Laconian, Spartan:

litus,

Plin. 9, 8, 8, § 28 (Jahn:

Taenarum in litus): humus,

Ov. H. 15 (16), 274:

columnae,

of Tænarian marble, Prop. 3 (4), 1, 49; so,

lapis,

Plin. 36, 18, 29, § 135:

deus,

i. e. Neptune, Prop. 1, 13, 22:

Taenariae fauces, alta ostia Ditis,

i. e. the entrance of the infernal regions, Verg. G. 4, 467; so,

fauces,

Luc. 6, 648:

porta,

Ov. M. 10, 13; cf.

vallis,

the infernal regions, id. F. 4, 612:

currus,

i. e. of Pluto, Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 2:

Eurotas,

Laconian, Spartan, Ov. M. 2, 247:

marita,

i. e. Helen, id. H. 13, 45.—

Taenărĭdes, ae, m., the Tænarian; poet. for the Laconian, i. e. Hyacinthus, Ov. M. 10, 183. —

Taenăris, ĭdis, adj. f., Tænarian; poet. for Laconian, Spartan:

ora,

Ov. H. 17, 6:

terra,

id. ib. 16, 30.

Taenărus ( - os), i, comm., and Tae-nărum ( - on), i, n., = Tainaros and Tainaron, a promontory and town in Laconia; on the promontory (now Cape Matapan) was a temple of Neptune, and near it a cavern, the fabled entrance to the infernal regions; it was also famous for its black marble, Mel. 2, 3, 8; Plin. 4, 5, 8, § 16; Liv. Andron. ap. Fest. p. 181 Müll. (Trag. Rel. p. 4 Rib.); Sen. Herc. Fur. 662; Luc. 9, 36; Stat. Th. 2, 32 sq.; Tib. 3, 3, 14; Serv. Verg. G. 4, 467.— Poet., for the infernal regions:

invisi horrida Taenari Sedes,

Hor. C. 1, 34, 10; Sen. Troad. 402.—Hence,

Taenărĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Tænarus, Tænarian; poet. also = Laconian, Spartan:

litus,

Plin. 9, 8, 8, § 28 (Jahn:

Taenarum in litus): humus,

Ov. H. 15 (16), 274:

columnae,

of Tænarian marble, Prop. 3 (4), 1, 49; so,

lapis,

Plin. 36, 18, 29, § 135:

deus,

i. e. Neptune, Prop. 1, 13, 22:

Taenariae fauces, alta ostia Ditis,

i. e. the entrance of the infernal regions, Verg. G. 4, 467; so,

fauces,

Luc. 6, 648:

porta,

Ov. M. 10, 13; cf.

vallis,

the infernal regions, id. F. 4, 612:

currus,

i. e. of Pluto, Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 2:

Eurotas,

Laconian, Spartan, Ov. M. 2, 247:

marita,

i. e. Helen, id. H. 13, 45.—

Taenărĭdes, ae, m., the Tænarian; poet. for the Laconian, i. e. Hyacinthus, Ov. M. 10, 183. —

Taenăris, ĭdis, adj. f., Tænarian; poet. for Laconian, Spartan:

ora,

Ov. H. 17, 6:

terra,

id. ib. 16, 30.

Taenărus ( - os), i, comm., and Tae-nărum ( - on), i, n., = Tainaros and Tainaron, a promontory and town in Laconia; on the promontory (now Cape Matapan) was a temple of Neptune, and near it a cavern, the fabled entrance to the infernal regions; it was also famous for its black marble, Mel. 2, 3, 8; Plin. 4, 5, 8, § 16; Liv. Andron. ap. Fest. p. 181 Müll. (Trag. Rel. p. 4 Rib.); Sen. Herc. Fur. 662; Luc. 9, 36; Stat. Th. 2, 32 sq.; Tib. 3, 3, 14; Serv. Verg. G. 4, 467.— Poet., for the infernal regions:

invisi horrida Taenari Sedes,

Hor. C. 1, 34, 10; Sen. Troad. 402.—Hence,

Taenărĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Tænarus, Tænarian; poet. also = Laconian, Spartan:

litus,

Plin. 9, 8, 8, § 28 (Jahn:

Taenarum in litus): humus,

Ov. H. 15 (16), 274:

columnae,

of Tænarian marble, Prop. 3 (4), 1, 49; so,

lapis,

Plin. 36, 18, 29, § 135:

deus,

i. e. Neptune, Prop. 1, 13, 22:

Taenariae fauces, alta ostia Ditis,

i. e. the entrance of the infernal regions, Verg. G. 4, 467; so,

fauces,

Luc. 6, 648:

porta,

Ov. M. 10, 13; cf.

vallis,

the infernal regions, id. F. 4, 612:

currus,

i. e. of Pluto, Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 2:

Eurotas,

Laconian, Spartan, Ov. M. 2, 247:

marita,

i. e. Helen, id. H. 13, 45.—

Taenărĭdes, ae, m., the Tænarian; poet. for the Laconian, i. e. Hyacinthus, Ov. M. 10, 183. —

Taenăris, ĭdis, adj. f., Tænarian; poet. for Laconian, Spartan:

ora,

Ov. H. 17, 6:

terra,

id. ib. 16, 30.

Taenărus ( - os), i, comm., and Tae-nărum ( - on), i, n., = Tainaros and Tainaron, a promontory and town in Laconia; on the promontory (now Cape Matapan) was a temple of Neptune, and near it a cavern, the fabled entrance to the infernal regions; it was also famous for its black marble, Mel. 2, 3, 8; Plin. 4, 5, 8, § 16; Liv. Andron. ap. Fest. p. 181 Müll. (Trag. Rel. p. 4 Rib.); Sen. Herc. Fur. 662; Luc. 9, 36; Stat. Th. 2, 32 sq.; Tib. 3, 3, 14; Serv. Verg. G. 4, 467.— Poet., for the infernal regions:

invisi horrida Taenari Sedes,

Hor. C. 1, 34, 10; Sen. Troad. 402.—Hence,

Taenărĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Tænarus, Tænarian; poet. also = Laconian, Spartan:

litus,

Plin. 9, 8, 8, § 28 (Jahn:

Taenarum in litus): humus,

Ov. H. 15 (16), 274:

columnae,

of Tænarian marble, Prop. 3 (4), 1, 49; so,

lapis,

Plin. 36, 18, 29, § 135:

deus,

i. e. Neptune, Prop. 1, 13, 22:

Taenariae fauces, alta ostia Ditis,

i. e. the entrance of the infernal regions, Verg. G. 4, 467; so,

fauces,

Luc. 6, 648:

porta,

Ov. M. 10, 13; cf.

vallis,

the infernal regions, id. F. 4, 612:

currus,

i. e. of Pluto, Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 2:

Eurotas,

Laconian, Spartan, Ov. M. 2, 247:

marita,

i. e. Helen, id. H. 13, 45.—

Taenărĭdes, ae, m., the Tænarian; poet. for the Laconian, i. e. Hyacinthus, Ov. M. 10, 183. —

Taenăris, ĭdis, adj. f., Tænarian; poet. for Laconian, Spartan:

ora,

Ov. H. 17, 6:

terra,

id. ib. 16, 30.

Taenărus ( - os), i, comm., and Tae-nărum ( - on), i, n., = Tainaros and Tainaron, a promontory and town in Laconia; on the promontory (now Cape Matapan) was a temple of Neptune, and near it a cavern, the fabled entrance to the infernal regions; it was also famous for its black marble, Mel. 2, 3, 8; Plin. 4, 5, 8, § 16; Liv. Andron. ap. Fest. p. 181 Müll. (Trag. Rel. p. 4 Rib.); Sen. Herc. Fur. 662; Luc. 9, 36; Stat. Th. 2, 32 sq.; Tib. 3, 3, 14; Serv. Verg. G. 4, 467.— Poet., for the infernal regions:

invisi horrida Taenari Sedes,

Hor. C. 1, 34, 10; Sen. Troad. 402.—Hence,

Taenărĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Tænarus, Tænarian; poet. also = Laconian, Spartan:

litus,

Plin. 9, 8, 8, § 28 (Jahn:

Taenarum in litus): humus,

Ov. H. 15 (16), 274:

columnae,

of Tænarian marble, Prop. 3 (4), 1, 49; so,

lapis,

Plin. 36, 18, 29, § 135:

deus,

i. e. Neptune, Prop. 1, 13, 22:

Taenariae fauces, alta ostia Ditis,

i. e. the entrance of the infernal regions, Verg. G. 4, 467; so,

fauces,

Luc. 6, 648:

porta,

Ov. M. 10, 13; cf.

vallis,

the infernal regions, id. F. 4, 612:

currus,

i. e. of Pluto, Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 2:

Eurotas,

Laconian, Spartan, Ov. M. 2, 247:

marita,

i. e. Helen, id. H. 13, 45.—

Taenărĭdes, ae, m., the Tænarian; poet. for the Laconian, i. e. Hyacinthus, Ov. M. 10, 183. —

Taenăris, ĭdis, adj. f., Tænarian; poet. for Laconian, Spartan:

ora,

Ov. H. 17, 6:

terra,

id. ib. 16, 30.

Styx, ygis and ygos, f., = Stux.

A fountain in Arcadia, the icy-cold water of which caused death, Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 231; Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 1; Vitr. 8, 3, 16; Just. 12, 14, 7; Curt. 10, 10, 17.—

In mythology, a river in the infernal regions, by which the gods swore, Cic. N. D. 3, 17, 43; Verg. G. 4, 480; Ov. M. 12, 322; id. A. A. 1, 635; Sil. 13, 570; Stat. Th. 8, 30; id. Achill. 1, 269 al.— Hence, poet., the infernal regions, the lower world, Verg. G. 1, 243; Ov. M. 10, 13; id. P. 4, 8, 60; id. Tr. 5, 2, 74; Mart. 4, 60, 4; and for poison:

miscuit undis Styga Sidoniis,

Sen. Oedip. 163.—Hence,

Stygĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Styx, Stygian; and poet., of or belonging to the lower world, infernal:

palus,

Verg. A. 6, 323:

aquae,

id. ib. 6, 374:

torrens,

Ov. M. 3, 290:

cymba,

i. e. of Charon, Verg. G. 4, 506; so,

carina,

id. A. 6, 391:

Juppiter,

i. e. Pluto, id. ib. 4, 638; cf. id. ib. 6, 252:

frater,

id. ib. 9, 104:

Juno,

i.e. Proserpine, Stat. Th. 4, 526:

canes,

Luc. 6, 733:

manes,

Val. Fl. 1, 730:

umbrae,

Ov. M. 1, 139.—Hence, poet., deadly, fatal, pernicious, awful, etc.:

vis,

Verg. A. 5, 855; cf.

nox,

i. e. death, Ov. M. 3, 695:

bubo,

id. ib. 15, 791 et saep.—

Stygĭālis, e, adj., Stygian:

sacra,

Verg. Cir. 373.

infĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. infer:

ubi super inferque vicinus permittet,

Cato, R. R. 149), adj. [cf. Sanscr. adh-aras, adh-amas, the lower, lowest; and Lat. infra], that is below, underneath, lower; opp. superus.

In gen.: inferus an superus tibi fert Deus funera, Liv. Andr. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.; cf.:

Di Deaeque superi atque inferi,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36; Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6; cf.

also: ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videantur deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

limen superum inferumque salve,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:

ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

loca,

the lower parts, id. Arat. 474:

fulmina,

that come out of the ground, Plin. 2, 52, 53, § 138: aqua, that falls down, rain-water, Varr. ap. Non. 1, 221: mare inferum, the Lower, i. e. the Tuscan Sea (opp. mare superum, the Upper or Adriatic Sea), Mel. 2, 4; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 75; Cic. Att. 9, 3, 1; id. de Or. 3, 19 et saep. also without mare:

navigatio infero,

upon the Tuscan Sea, id. Att. 9, 5, 1.—

In partic., underground, belonging to the Lower World: infĕri, ōrum, m. ( gen. inferūm for inferorum, Varr. ap. Macr. S. 1, 16; Sen. de Ira, 2, 35), the inhabitants of the infernal regions, the dead:

triceps apud inferos Cerberus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

si ab inferis exsistat rex Hiero,

were to rise from the dead, Liv. 26, 32:

si salvi esse velint, Sulla sit iis ab inferis excitandus,

to be raised from the dead, Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 20:

inferorum animas elicere,

id. Vatin. 6, 14:

ad inferos poenas parricidii luere,

in the infernal regions, id. Phil. 14, 12, 32:

ab inferis excitare aliquem,

i. e. to quote the words of one deceased, id. Or. 25, 85; id. Brut. 93, 322.

Comp.: infĕrĭor, ius, lower in situation or place.

Lit.:

spatium,

Caes. B. G. 7, 46, 3:

locus,

id. ib. 2, 25:

pars,

id. ib. 7, 35: ex inferiore loco dicere, from below (opp. ex superiore loco, from the tribunal), Cic. Att. 2, 24, 3; cf.

superus, II. A.: onerosa suo pondere in inferius feruntur,

downwards, Ov. M. 15, 241:

scriptura,

Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117.— Plur. subst.: infĕrĭōres, um, m., the people of the lower part of the city, Auct. B. Alex. 6, 3. —

Trop.

Subsequent, later, latter, in time or succession:

erant inferiores quam illorum aetas, qui, etc.,

lived later, were younger, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 2; cf.:

aetate inferiores paulo quam Iulius, etc.,

id. Brut. 49, 182; and:

inferioris aetatis esse,

id. ib. 64, 228:

inferiores quinque dies,

the latter, Varr. L. L. 6, § 13 Müll. —

Inferior in quality, rank, or number.

With abl. specif.:

voluptatibus erant inferiores, nec pecuniis ferme superiores,

Cic. Rep. 2, 34:

inferior fortunā,

id. Fam. 13, 5, 2:

dignitate, auctoritate, existimatione, gratia non inferior, quam qui umquam fuerunt amplissimi,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 6:

inferiores animo,

Caes. B. G. 3, 24:

quemadmodum causa inferior, dicendo fieri superior posset,

Cic. Brut. 8:

erat multo inferior navium numero Brutus,

Caes. B. C. 1, 57. — With abl.:

ut humanos casus virtute inferiores putes,

Cic. Lael. 2.—

With in and abl.:

in jure civili non inferior, quam magister fuit,

Cic. Brut. 48, 179.—

Absol.:

inferiores extollere,

Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. §

71: invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus,

id. de Or. 2, 52, 209; cf.:

indignum est, a pari vinci aut superiore, indignius ab inferiore atque humiliore,

id. Quint. 31:

supplices inferioresque,

id. Font. 11:

ordines,

Caes. B. C. 1, 46:

crudelis in inferiores,

Auct. Her. 4, 40:

non inferiora secutus,

naught inferior, Verg. A. 6, 170.

Sup. in two forms: infĭmus (or infŭmus) and īmus.

Form infimus (infumus), a, um, lowest, last (= imus;

but where the lowest of several objects is referred to, infimus is used,

Cic. N. D. 1, 37, 103; 2, 6, 17; v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).

Lit.:

stabiliendi causa singuli ab infimo solo pedes terra exculcabantur,

Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 7:

ab infimis radicibus montis,

id. B. C. 1, 41, 3; 1, 42, 2:

cum scripsissem haec infima,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6:

ab infima ara,

from the lowest part of the altar, id. Div. 1, 33; cf.:

sub infimo colle,

the foot, Caes. B. G. 7, 79. — Subst.: infĭmum, i, n., the lowest part, bottom, in the phrase:

ab infimo,

from below, at the bottom, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 140:

collis erat leniter ab infimo acclivis,

Caes. B. G. 7, 19, 1 (for which, ab imo;

v. below, B. 1.): stipites demissi et ab infimo revincti,

id. ib. 7, 73, 3; cf. Sen. Q. N. 3, 30, 4; 6, 4, 1; so,

ad infimum,

at the bottom, Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 3:

collis passus circiter CC. infimus apertus,

at the bottom, id. ib. 2, 18, 2.—

Trop., lowest, meanest, basest in quality or rank:

infima faex populi,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6; cf.:

condicio servorum,

id. Off. 1, 13:

infimo loco natus,

id. Fl. 11:

summos cum infimis pari jure retinebat,

id. Off. 2, 12:

humilitas natalium,

Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 37:

preces,

the most humble, Liv. 8, 2; 29, 30. — Hence, infĭmē, adv., only trop., at the bottom (late Lat.):

quid summe est, quid infime,

Aug. Ep. 18, 2. —

Form imus, a, um, the lowest, deepest, last ( = infimus; but when opp. to summus, to express a whole from end to end, imus is used; v. Suet. Aug. 79; Quint. 2, 13, 9; Liv. 24, 34, 9; Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).

Lit.:

ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:

terra ima sede semper haeret,

id. Rep. 6, 18:

fundo in imo,

at the very bottom, Verg. A. 6, 581: vox, the deepest bass (opp. vox summa, the treble), Hor. S. 1, 3, 7; Quint. 11, 3, 15:

conviva,

that reclines at the bottom, Hor. S. 2, 8, 40; Mart. 6, 74:

ad imam quercum,

at the foot of the oak, Phaedr. 2, 4, 3:

in aure ima,

at the bottom of the ear, Plin. 11, 45, 103, § 205. — As substt.

Plur.: īmi, ōrum, m., the lowest, most humble:

aequalis ad maximos imosque pervenit clementiae tuae admiratio,

Sen. Clem. 1, 1, 9:

pacis et armorum superis imisque deorum Arbiter,

Ov. F. 5, 665. —

īmum, i, n., the bottom, depth, low [p. 945] est part. Lit.:

ab imo ad summum,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 308:

locus erat paulatim ab imo acclivis,

Caes. B. G. 3, 19, 1 (for which, ab infimo; v. above, A. 1.); so,

tigna paulum ab imo praeacuta,

id. ib. 4, 17:

suspirare ab imo,

to fetch a deep sigh, Ov. A. A. 3, 675:

(aures) instabiles imo facit,

at the bottom. at their roots, id. M. 11, 177:

aquae perspicuae imo,

down to the bottom, id. ib. 5, 588. — Plur.:

ima summis mutare,

to turn the lowest into the highest, Hor. C. 1, 34, 12; Vell. 2, 2:

ima,

the under world, Ov. M. 10, 47.—With gen.:

ima maris,

the bottom of the sea, Plin. 32, 6, 21, § 64:

ima montis,

the foot of a mountain, id. 4, 11, 18, § 40.—

Trop., with respect to time or order, the last (mostly poet.):

mensis,

Ov. F. 2, 52.—Hence, subst.: īmum, i, n., the last, the end:

nihil nostrā intersit an ab summo an ab imo nomina dicere incipiamus,

Auct. Her. 3, 18, 30:

si quid inexpertum scaenae committis... servetur ad imum,

till the last, to the end, Hor. A. P. 126:

dormiet in lucem... ad imum Threx erit,

at last, id. Ep. 1, 18, 35.

infĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. infer:

ubi super inferque vicinus permittet,

Cato, R. R. 149), adj. [cf. Sanscr. adh-aras, adh-amas, the lower, lowest; and Lat. infra], that is below, underneath, lower; opp. superus.

In gen.: inferus an superus tibi fert Deus funera, Liv. Andr. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.; cf.:

Di Deaeque superi atque inferi,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36; Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6; cf.

also: ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videantur deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

limen superum inferumque salve,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:

ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

loca,

the lower parts, id. Arat. 474:

fulmina,

that come out of the ground, Plin. 2, 52, 53, § 138: aqua, that falls down, rain-water, Varr. ap. Non. 1, 221: mare inferum, the Lower, i. e. the Tuscan Sea (opp. mare superum, the Upper or Adriatic Sea), Mel. 2, 4; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 75; Cic. Att. 9, 3, 1; id. de Or. 3, 19 et saep. also without mare:

navigatio infero,

upon the Tuscan Sea, id. Att. 9, 5, 1.—

In partic., underground, belonging to the Lower World: infĕri, ōrum, m. ( gen. inferūm for inferorum, Varr. ap. Macr. S. 1, 16; Sen. de Ira, 2, 35), the inhabitants of the infernal regions, the dead:

triceps apud inferos Cerberus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

si ab inferis exsistat rex Hiero,

were to rise from the dead, Liv. 26, 32:

si salvi esse velint, Sulla sit iis ab inferis excitandus,

to be raised from the dead, Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 20:

inferorum animas elicere,

id. Vatin. 6, 14:

ad inferos poenas parricidii luere,

in the infernal regions, id. Phil. 14, 12, 32:

ab inferis excitare aliquem,

i. e. to quote the words of one deceased, id. Or. 25, 85; id. Brut. 93, 322.

Comp.: infĕrĭor, ius, lower in situation or place.

Lit.:

spatium,

Caes. B. G. 7, 46, 3:

locus,

id. ib. 2, 25:

pars,

id. ib. 7, 35: ex inferiore loco dicere, from below (opp. ex superiore loco, from the tribunal), Cic. Att. 2, 24, 3; cf.

superus, II. A.: onerosa suo pondere in inferius feruntur,

downwards, Ov. M. 15, 241:

scriptura,

Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117.— Plur. subst.: infĕrĭōres, um, m., the people of the lower part of the city, Auct. B. Alex. 6, 3. —

Trop.

Subsequent, later, latter, in time or succession:

erant inferiores quam illorum aetas, qui, etc.,

lived later, were younger, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 2; cf.:

aetate inferiores paulo quam Iulius, etc.,

id. Brut. 49, 182; and:

inferioris aetatis esse,

id. ib. 64, 228:

inferiores quinque dies,

the latter, Varr. L. L. 6, § 13 Müll. —

Inferior in quality, rank, or number.

With abl. specif.:

voluptatibus erant inferiores, nec pecuniis ferme superiores,

Cic. Rep. 2, 34:

inferior fortunā,

id. Fam. 13, 5, 2:

dignitate, auctoritate, existimatione, gratia non inferior, quam qui umquam fuerunt amplissimi,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 6:

inferiores animo,

Caes. B. G. 3, 24:

quemadmodum causa inferior, dicendo fieri superior posset,

Cic. Brut. 8:

erat multo inferior navium numero Brutus,

Caes. B. C. 1, 57. — With abl.:

ut humanos casus virtute inferiores putes,

Cic. Lael. 2.—

With in and abl.:

in jure civili non inferior, quam magister fuit,

Cic. Brut. 48, 179.—

Absol.:

inferiores extollere,

Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. §

71: invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus,

id. de Or. 2, 52, 209; cf.:

indignum est, a pari vinci aut superiore, indignius ab inferiore atque humiliore,

id. Quint. 31:

supplices inferioresque,

id. Font. 11:

ordines,

Caes. B. C. 1, 46:

crudelis in inferiores,

Auct. Her. 4, 40:

non inferiora secutus,

naught inferior, Verg. A. 6, 170.

Sup. in two forms: infĭmus (or infŭmus) and īmus.

Form infimus (infumus), a, um, lowest, last (= imus;

but where the lowest of several objects is referred to, infimus is used,

Cic. N. D. 1, 37, 103; 2, 6, 17; v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).

Lit.:

stabiliendi causa singuli ab infimo solo pedes terra exculcabantur,

Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 7:

ab infimis radicibus montis,

id. B. C. 1, 41, 3; 1, 42, 2:

cum scripsissem haec infima,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6:

ab infima ara,

from the lowest part of the altar, id. Div. 1, 33; cf.:

sub infimo colle,

the foot, Caes. B. G. 7, 79. — Subst.: infĭmum, i, n., the lowest part, bottom, in the phrase:

ab infimo,

from below, at the bottom, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 140:

collis erat leniter ab infimo acclivis,

Caes. B. G. 7, 19, 1 (for which, ab imo;

v. below, B. 1.): stipites demissi et ab infimo revincti,

id. ib. 7, 73, 3; cf. Sen. Q. N. 3, 30, 4; 6, 4, 1; so,

ad infimum,

at the bottom, Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 3:

collis passus circiter CC. infimus apertus,

at the bottom, id. ib. 2, 18, 2.—

Trop., lowest, meanest, basest in quality or rank:

infima faex populi,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6; cf.:

condicio servorum,

id. Off. 1, 13:

infimo loco natus,

id. Fl. 11:

summos cum infimis pari jure retinebat,

id. Off. 2, 12:

humilitas natalium,

Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 37:

preces,

the most humble, Liv. 8, 2; 29, 30. — Hence, infĭmē, adv., only trop., at the bottom (late Lat.):

quid summe est, quid infime,

Aug. Ep. 18, 2. —

Form imus, a, um, the lowest, deepest, last ( = infimus; but when opp. to summus, to express a whole from end to end, imus is used; v. Suet. Aug. 79; Quint. 2, 13, 9; Liv. 24, 34, 9; Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).

Lit.:

ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:

terra ima sede semper haeret,

id. Rep. 6, 18:

fundo in imo,

at the very bottom, Verg. A. 6, 581: vox, the deepest bass (opp. vox summa, the treble), Hor. S. 1, 3, 7; Quint. 11, 3, 15:

conviva,

that reclines at the bottom, Hor. S. 2, 8, 40; Mart. 6, 74:

ad imam quercum,

at the foot of the oak, Phaedr. 2, 4, 3:

in aure ima,

at the bottom of the ear, Plin. 11, 45, 103, § 205. — As substt.

Plur.: īmi, ōrum, m., the lowest, most humble:

aequalis ad maximos imosque pervenit clementiae tuae admiratio,

Sen. Clem. 1, 1, 9:

pacis et armorum superis imisque deorum Arbiter,

Ov. F. 5, 665. —

īmum, i, n., the bottom, depth, low [p. 945] est part. Lit.:

ab imo ad summum,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 308:

locus erat paulatim ab imo acclivis,

Caes. B. G. 3, 19, 1 (for which, ab infimo; v. above, A. 1.); so,

tigna paulum ab imo praeacuta,

id. ib. 4, 17:

suspirare ab imo,

to fetch a deep sigh, Ov. A. A. 3, 675:

(aures) instabiles imo facit,

at the bottom. at their roots, id. M. 11, 177:

aquae perspicuae imo,

down to the bottom, id. ib. 5, 588. — Plur.:

ima summis mutare,

to turn the lowest into the highest, Hor. C. 1, 34, 12; Vell. 2, 2:

ima,

the under world, Ov. M. 10, 47.—With gen.:

ima maris,

the bottom of the sea, Plin. 32, 6, 21, § 64:

ima montis,

the foot of a mountain, id. 4, 11, 18, § 40.—

Trop., with respect to time or order, the last (mostly poet.):

mensis,

Ov. F. 2, 52.—Hence, subst.: īmum, i, n., the last, the end:

nihil nostrā intersit an ab summo an ab imo nomina dicere incipiamus,

Auct. Her. 3, 18, 30:

si quid inexpertum scaenae committis... servetur ad imum,

till the last, to the end, Hor. A. P. 126:

dormiet in lucem... ad imum Threx erit,

at last, id. Ep. 1, 18, 35.

infĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. infer:

ubi super inferque vicinus permittet,

Cato, R. R. 149), adj. [cf. Sanscr. adh-aras, adh-amas, the lower, lowest; and Lat. infra], that is below, underneath, lower; opp. superus.

In gen.: inferus an superus tibi fert Deus funera, Liv. Andr. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.; cf.:

Di Deaeque superi atque inferi,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36; Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6; cf.

also: ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videantur deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

limen superum inferumque salve,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:

ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

loca,

the lower parts, id. Arat. 474:

fulmina,

that come out of the ground, Plin. 2, 52, 53, § 138: aqua, that falls down, rain-water, Varr. ap. Non. 1, 221: mare inferum, the Lower, i. e. the Tuscan Sea (opp. mare superum, the Upper or Adriatic Sea), Mel. 2, 4; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 75; Cic. Att. 9, 3, 1; id. de Or. 3, 19 et saep. also without mare:

navigatio infero,

upon the Tuscan Sea, id. Att. 9, 5, 1.—

In partic., underground, belonging to the Lower World: infĕri, ōrum, m. ( gen. inferūm for inferorum, Varr. ap. Macr. S. 1, 16; Sen. de Ira, 2, 35), the inhabitants of the infernal regions, the dead:

triceps apud inferos Cerberus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

si ab inferis exsistat rex Hiero,

were to rise from the dead, Liv. 26, 32:

si salvi esse velint, Sulla sit iis ab inferis excitandus,

to be raised from the dead, Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 20:

inferorum animas elicere,

id. Vatin. 6, 14:

ad inferos poenas parricidii luere,

in the infernal regions, id. Phil. 14, 12, 32:

ab inferis excitare aliquem,

i. e. to quote the words of one deceased, id. Or. 25, 85; id. Brut. 93, 322.

Comp.: infĕrĭor, ius, lower in situation or place.

Lit.:

spatium,

Caes. B. G. 7, 46, 3:

locus,

id. ib. 2, 25:

pars,

id. ib. 7, 35: ex inferiore loco dicere, from below (opp. ex superiore loco, from the tribunal), Cic. Att. 2, 24, 3; cf.

superus, II. A.: onerosa suo pondere in inferius feruntur,

downwards, Ov. M. 15, 241:

scriptura,

Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117.— Plur. subst.: infĕrĭōres, um, m., the people of the lower part of the city, Auct. B. Alex. 6, 3. —

Trop.

Subsequent, later, latter, in time or succession:

erant inferiores quam illorum aetas, qui, etc.,

lived later, were younger, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 2; cf.:

aetate inferiores paulo quam Iulius, etc.,

id. Brut. 49, 182; and:

inferioris aetatis esse,

id. ib. 64, 228:

inferiores quinque dies,

the latter, Varr. L. L. 6, § 13 Müll. —

Inferior in quality, rank, or number.

With abl. specif.:

voluptatibus erant inferiores, nec pecuniis ferme superiores,

Cic. Rep. 2, 34:

inferior fortunā,

id. Fam. 13, 5, 2:

dignitate, auctoritate, existimatione, gratia non inferior, quam qui umquam fuerunt amplissimi,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 6:

inferiores animo,

Caes. B. G. 3, 24:

quemadmodum causa inferior, dicendo fieri superior posset,

Cic. Brut. 8:

erat multo inferior navium numero Brutus,

Caes. B. C. 1, 57. — With abl.:

ut humanos casus virtute inferiores putes,

Cic. Lael. 2.—

With in and abl.:

in jure civili non inferior, quam magister fuit,

Cic. Brut. 48, 179.—

Absol.:

inferiores extollere,

Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. §

71: invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus,

id. de Or. 2, 52, 209; cf.:

indignum est, a pari vinci aut superiore, indignius ab inferiore atque humiliore,

id. Quint. 31:

supplices inferioresque,

id. Font. 11:

ordines,

Caes. B. C. 1, 46:

crudelis in inferiores,

Auct. Her. 4, 40:

non inferiora secutus,

naught inferior, Verg. A. 6, 170.

Sup. in two forms: infĭmus (or infŭmus) and īmus.

Form infimus (infumus), a, um, lowest, last (= imus;

but where the lowest of several objects is referred to, infimus is used,

Cic. N. D. 1, 37, 103; 2, 6, 17; v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).

Lit.:

stabiliendi causa singuli ab infimo solo pedes terra exculcabantur,

Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 7:

ab infimis radicibus montis,

id. B. C. 1, 41, 3; 1, 42, 2:

cum scripsissem haec infima,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6:

ab infima ara,

from the lowest part of the altar, id. Div. 1, 33; cf.:

sub infimo colle,

the foot, Caes. B. G. 7, 79. — Subst.: infĭmum, i, n., the lowest part, bottom, in the phrase:

ab infimo,

from below, at the bottom, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 140:

collis erat leniter ab infimo acclivis,

Caes. B. G. 7, 19, 1 (for which, ab imo;

v. below, B. 1.): stipites demissi et ab infimo revincti,

id. ib. 7, 73, 3; cf. Sen. Q. N. 3, 30, 4; 6, 4, 1; so,

ad infimum,

at the bottom, Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 3:

collis passus circiter CC. infimus apertus,

at the bottom, id. ib. 2, 18, 2.—

Trop., lowest, meanest, basest in quality or rank:

infima faex populi,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6; cf.:

condicio servorum,

id. Off. 1, 13:

infimo loco natus,

id. Fl. 11:

summos cum infimis pari jure retinebat,

id. Off. 2, 12:

humilitas natalium,

Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 37:

preces,

the most humble, Liv. 8, 2; 29, 30. — Hence, infĭmē, adv., only trop., at the bottom (late Lat.):

quid summe est, quid infime,

Aug. Ep. 18, 2. —

Form imus, a, um, the lowest, deepest, last ( = infimus; but when opp. to summus, to express a whole from end to end, imus is used; v. Suet. Aug. 79; Quint. 2, 13, 9; Liv. 24, 34, 9; Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).

Lit.:

ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:

terra ima sede semper haeret,

id. Rep. 6, 18:

fundo in imo,

at the very bottom, Verg. A. 6, 581: vox, the deepest bass (opp. vox summa, the treble), Hor. S. 1, 3, 7; Quint. 11, 3, 15:

conviva,

that reclines at the bottom, Hor. S. 2, 8, 40; Mart. 6, 74:

ad imam quercum,

at the foot of the oak, Phaedr. 2, 4, 3:

in aure ima,

at the bottom of the ear, Plin. 11, 45, 103, § 205. — As substt.

Plur.: īmi, ōrum, m., the lowest, most humble:

aequalis ad maximos imosque pervenit clementiae tuae admiratio,

Sen. Clem. 1, 1, 9:

pacis et armorum superis imisque deorum Arbiter,

Ov. F. 5, 665. —

īmum, i, n., the bottom, depth, low [p. 945] est part. Lit.:

ab imo ad summum,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 308:

locus erat paulatim ab imo acclivis,

Caes. B. G. 3, 19, 1 (for which, ab infimo; v. above, A. 1.); so,

tigna paulum ab imo praeacuta,

id. ib. 4, 17:

suspirare ab imo,

to fetch a deep sigh, Ov. A. A. 3, 675:

(aures) instabiles imo facit,

at the bottom. at their roots, id. M. 11, 177:

aquae perspicuae imo,

down to the bottom, id. ib. 5, 588. — Plur.:

ima summis mutare,

to turn the lowest into the highest, Hor. C. 1, 34, 12; Vell. 2, 2:

ima,

the under world, Ov. M. 10, 47.—With gen.:

ima maris,

the bottom of the sea, Plin. 32, 6, 21, § 64:

ima montis,

the foot of a mountain, id. 4, 11, 18, § 40.—

Trop., with respect to time or order, the last (mostly poet.):

mensis,

Ov. F. 2, 52.—Hence, subst.: īmum, i, n., the last, the end:

nihil nostrā intersit an ab summo an ab imo nomina dicere incipiamus,

Auct. Her. 3, 18, 30:

si quid inexpertum scaenae committis... servetur ad imum,

till the last, to the end, Hor. A. P. 126:

dormiet in lucem... ad imum Threx erit,

at last, id. Ep. 1, 18, 35.

infĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. infer:

ubi super inferque vicinus permittet,

Cato, R. R. 149), adj. [cf. Sanscr. adh-aras, adh-amas, the lower, lowest; and Lat. infra], that is below, underneath, lower; opp. superus.

In gen.: inferus an superus tibi fert Deus funera, Liv. Andr. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.; cf.:

Di Deaeque superi atque inferi,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36; Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6; cf.

also: ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videantur deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

limen superum inferumque salve,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:

ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

loca,

the lower parts, id. Arat. 474:

fulmina,

that come out of the ground, Plin. 2, 52, 53, § 138: aqua, that falls down, rain-water, Varr. ap. Non. 1, 221: mare inferum, the Lower, i. e. the Tuscan Sea (opp. mare superum, the Upper or Adriatic Sea), Mel. 2, 4; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 75; Cic. Att. 9, 3, 1; id. de Or. 3, 19 et saep. also without mare:

navigatio infero,

upon the Tuscan Sea, id. Att. 9, 5, 1.—

In partic., underground, belonging to the Lower World: infĕri, ōrum, m. ( gen. inferūm for inferorum, Varr. ap. Macr. S. 1, 16; Sen. de Ira, 2, 35), the inhabitants of the infernal regions, the dead:

triceps apud inferos Cerberus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

si ab inferis exsistat rex Hiero,

were to rise from the dead, Liv. 26, 32:

si salvi esse velint, Sulla sit iis ab inferis excitandus,

to be raised from the dead, Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 20:

inferorum animas elicere,

id. Vatin. 6, 14:

ad inferos poenas parricidii luere,

in the infernal regions, id. Phil. 14, 12, 32:

ab inferis excitare aliquem,

i. e. to quote the words of one deceased, id. Or. 25, 85; id. Brut. 93, 322.

Comp.: infĕrĭor, ius, lower in situation or place.

Lit.:

spatium,

Caes. B. G. 7, 46, 3:

locus,

id. ib. 2, 25:

pars,

id. ib. 7, 35: ex inferiore loco dicere, from below (opp. ex superiore loco, from the tribunal), Cic. Att. 2, 24, 3; cf.

superus, II. A.: onerosa suo pondere in inferius feruntur,

downwards, Ov. M. 15, 241:

scriptura,

Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117.— Plur. subst.: infĕrĭōres, um, m., the people of the lower part of the city, Auct. B. Alex. 6, 3. —

Trop.

Subsequent, later, latter, in time or succession:

erant inferiores quam illorum aetas, qui, etc.,

lived later, were younger, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 2; cf.:

aetate inferiores paulo quam Iulius, etc.,

id. Brut. 49, 182; and:

inferioris aetatis esse,

id. ib. 64, 228:

inferiores quinque dies,

the latter, Varr. L. L. 6, § 13 Müll. —

Inferior in quality, rank, or number.

With abl. specif.:

voluptatibus erant inferiores, nec pecuniis ferme superiores,

Cic. Rep. 2, 34:

inferior fortunā,

id. Fam. 13, 5, 2:

dignitate, auctoritate, existimatione, gratia non inferior, quam qui umquam fuerunt amplissimi,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 6:

inferiores animo,

Caes. B. G. 3, 24:

quemadmodum causa inferior, dicendo fieri superior posset,

Cic. Brut. 8:

erat multo inferior navium numero Brutus,

Caes. B. C. 1, 57. — With abl.:

ut humanos casus virtute inferiores putes,

Cic. Lael. 2.—

With in and abl.:

in jure civili non inferior, quam magister fuit,

Cic. Brut. 48, 179.—

Absol.:

inferiores extollere,

Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. §

71: invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus,

id. de Or. 2, 52, 209; cf.:

indignum est, a pari vinci aut superiore, indignius ab inferiore atque humiliore,

id. Quint. 31:

supplices inferioresque,

id. Font. 11:

ordines,

Caes. B. C. 1, 46:

crudelis in inferiores,

Auct. Her. 4, 40:

non inferiora secutus,

naught inferior, Verg. A. 6, 170.

Sup. in two forms: infĭmus (or infŭmus) and īmus.

Form infimus (infumus), a, um, lowest, last (= imus;

but where the lowest of several objects is referred to, infimus is used,

Cic. N. D. 1, 37, 103; 2, 6, 17; v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).

Lit.:

stabiliendi causa singuli ab infimo solo pedes terra exculcabantur,

Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 7:

ab infimis radicibus montis,

id. B. C. 1, 41, 3; 1, 42, 2:

cum scripsissem haec infima,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6:

ab infima ara,

from the lowest part of the altar, id. Div. 1, 33; cf.:

sub infimo colle,

the foot, Caes. B. G. 7, 79. — Subst.: infĭmum, i, n., the lowest part, bottom, in the phrase:

ab infimo,

from below, at the bottom, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 140:

collis erat leniter ab infimo acclivis,

Caes. B. G. 7, 19, 1 (for which, ab imo;

v. below, B. 1.): stipites demissi et ab infimo revincti,

id. ib. 7, 73, 3; cf. Sen. Q. N. 3, 30, 4; 6, 4, 1; so,

ad infimum,

at the bottom, Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 3:

collis passus circiter CC. infimus apertus,

at the bottom, id. ib. 2, 18, 2.—

Trop., lowest, meanest, basest in quality or rank:

infima faex populi,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6; cf.:

condicio servorum,

id. Off. 1, 13:

infimo loco natus,

id. Fl. 11:

summos cum infimis pari jure retinebat,

id. Off. 2, 12:

humilitas natalium,

Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 37:

preces,

the most humble, Liv. 8, 2; 29, 30. — Hence, infĭmē, adv., only trop., at the bottom (late Lat.):

quid summe est, quid infime,

Aug. Ep. 18, 2. —

Form imus, a, um, the lowest, deepest, last ( = infimus; but when opp. to summus, to express a whole from end to end, imus is used; v. Suet. Aug. 79; Quint. 2, 13, 9; Liv. 24, 34, 9; Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).

Lit.:

ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:

terra ima sede semper haeret,

id. Rep. 6, 18:

fundo in imo,

at the very bottom, Verg. A. 6, 581: vox, the deepest bass (opp. vox summa, the treble), Hor. S. 1, 3, 7; Quint. 11, 3, 15:

conviva,

that reclines at the bottom, Hor. S. 2, 8, 40; Mart. 6, 74:

ad imam quercum,

at the foot of the oak, Phaedr. 2, 4, 3:

in aure ima,

at the bottom of the ear, Plin. 11, 45, 103, § 205. — As substt.

Plur.: īmi, ōrum, m., the lowest, most humble:

aequalis ad maximos imosque pervenit clementiae tuae admiratio,

Sen. Clem. 1, 1, 9:

pacis et armorum superis imisque deorum Arbiter,

Ov. F. 5, 665. —

īmum, i, n., the bottom, depth, low [p. 945] est part. Lit.:

ab imo ad summum,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 308:

locus erat paulatim ab imo acclivis,

Caes. B. G. 3, 19, 1 (for which, ab infimo; v. above, A. 1.); so,

tigna paulum ab imo praeacuta,

id. ib. 4, 17:

suspirare ab imo,

to fetch a deep sigh, Ov. A. A. 3, 675:

(aures) instabiles imo facit,

at the bottom. at their roots, id. M. 11, 177:

aquae perspicuae imo,

down to the bottom, id. ib. 5, 588. — Plur.:

ima summis mutare,

to turn the lowest into the highest, Hor. C. 1, 34, 12; Vell. 2, 2:

ima,

the under world, Ov. M. 10, 47.—With gen.:

ima maris,

the bottom of the sea, Plin. 32, 6, 21, § 64:

ima montis,

the foot of a mountain, id. 4, 11, 18, § 40.—

Trop., with respect to time or order, the last (mostly poet.):

mensis,

Ov. F. 2, 52.—Hence, subst.: īmum, i, n., the last, the end:

nihil nostrā intersit an ab summo an ab imo nomina dicere incipiamus,

Auct. Her. 3, 18, 30:

si quid inexpertum scaenae committis... servetur ad imum,

till the last, to the end, Hor. A. P. 126:

dormiet in lucem... ad imum Threx erit,

at last, id. Ep. 1, 18, 35.