Abasjevokulturen

Abasjevokulturen (russisk: Абашевская культура, Abashevskaya kul'tura) var en arkeologisk kultur som eksisterte i bronsealderen mellom ~2200 f.Kr. og ~1850 f.Kr.^[1] Den fantes i dalene til den midterste delen av Volga og elven Kama, nord for Samarasvingen og inn i den sørlige delen av Uralfjellene. Den er oppkalt etter landsbyen Abasjevo i Tsjuvasjia.

Kulturen hadde sin opprinnelse i Fatyanovo–Balanovo kulturen, en østlig forgreining av den snorkeramiske kulturen fra Sentral-Europa. Abasjevokulturen er kjent for dens metallurgiske aktivitet og for bruken av vogner i dens sluttfase.^[2]^[3] Den absorberte etterhvert volosovokulturen. Abasjevokulturen er ofte betraktet som pre-indoiransk eller urindoiransk. Den spilte en sentral rolle i utviklingen av sintasjtakulturen og tømmergravkulturen.^[4]

Referanser

↑ Grigoriev, Stanislav, (2022). "Cultural genesis and ethnic processes in Central and Eastern Europe in the 3rd millennium bc: Yamnaya, Corded Ware, Fatyanovo and Abashevo cultures", in: Journal of Ancient History and Archaeology No. 9.3/2022, pp. 43–84, pp. 66, 68: "...radiocarbon dates (2200–2000 BC for the Middle Volga Abashevo and 2200–2150 BC for the BB/EBA transition in Central Europe), synchronizing it with the cultures of the Unětice circle; and the proto-Unětice phase 'Reinecke A0' dated from 2300–2200 BC, preceded the Abashevo culture...and a more careful approach allows us to place [Abashevo culture]'s end ca. 1944–1823 BC."
↑ Chechushkov, Igor V.; Epimakhov, Andrei V. (2018). «Eurasian Steppe Chariots and Social Complexity During the Bronze Age». Journal of World Prehistory. 31 (4): 435–483. doi:10.1007/s10963-018-9124-0.
↑ Allentoft, ME (11. juni 2015). «Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia (Supplementary Information)». Nature. 522 (7555): 167–172. Bibcode:2015Natur.522..167A. PMID 26062507. doi:10.1038/nature14507. «The Sintashta Culture, located in the Trans-Urals, represents the earliest, fully-developed, chariot-using Bronze Age culture... West of the Urals, stretching through the forest-steppe zone into Eastern Europe we find a related sister culture, called the Abashevo Culture, which also relied on chariots.»
↑ Anthony 2007, s. 382, 410: "Abashevo, the easternmost of the Russian forest-zone cultures that were descended from Corded Ware ceramic traditions played an important role in the origin of Sintashta." (p.382) "early Srubnaya was a direct outgrowth from Potapovka and Abashevo, the same circle as Sintashta, and nearly the same date." (p.410)

[1] Grigoriev, Stanislav, (2022). "Cultural genesis and ethnic processes in Central and Eastern Europe in the 3rd millennium bc: Yamnaya, Corded Ware, Fatyanovo and Abashevo cultures", in: Journal of Ancient History and Archaeology No. 9.3/2022, pp. 43–84, pp. 66, 68: "...radiocarbon dates (2200–2000 BC for the Middle Volga Abashevo and 2200–2150 BC for the BB/EBA transition in Central Europe), synchronizing it with the cultures of the Unětice circle; and the proto-Unětice phase 'Reinecke A0' dated from 2300–2200 BC, preceded the Abashevo culture...and a more careful approach allows us to place [Abashevo culture]'s end ca. 1944–1823 BC."

[2] Chechushkov, Igor V.; Epimakhov, Andrei V. (2018). «Eurasian Steppe Chariots and Social Complexity During the Bronze Age». Journal of World Prehistory. 31 (4): 435–483. doi:10.1007/s10963-018-9124-0.

[3] Allentoft, ME (11. juni 2015). «Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia (Supplementary Information)». Nature. 522 (7555): 167–172. Bibcode:2015Natur.522..167A. PMID 26062507. doi:10.1038/nature14507. «The Sintashta Culture, located in the Trans-Urals, represents the earliest, fully-developed, chariot-using Bronze Age culture... West of the Urals, stretching through the forest-steppe zone into Eastern Europe we find a related sister culture, called the Abashevo Culture, which also relied on chariots.»

[4] Anthony 2007, s. 382, 410: "Abashevo, the easternmost of the Russian forest-zone cultures that were descended from Corded Ware ceramic traditions played an important role in the origin of Sintashta." (p.382) "early Srubnaya was a direct outgrowth from Potapovka and Abashevo, the same circle as Sintashta, and nearly the same date." (p.410)

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