Caliak sumber untuak Ceres

{{Otheruses4}}
{{Infobox planet
|bgcolour = #FFFFC0
|name = Ceres
|symbol= [[Berkas:Ceres symbol (bold).svg|24px|⚳]]
|image = [[Berkas:Ceres - RC3 - Haulani Crater (22381131691) (cropped).jpg|250px|250px]]
|caption = Ceres dicaliak malalui wahana antariksa [[Dawn (pesawat lua angkasa)|''Dawn'']] pado Mei 2015.=
|discovery = yes
|discovery_ref =<ref>{{cite book|last=Schmadel|first=Lutz|authorlink=Lutz D. Schmadel|title=Dictionary of minor planet names|url=http://books.google.com/?id=KWrB1jPCa8AC&pg=PA15|edition=5th|year=2003|publisher=Springer|location=Germany|isbn=978-3-540-00238-3|page=15 }}</ref>
|discoverer = [[Giuseppe Piazzi]]
|discovered = 1 Januari 1801
|designations = yes
|mp_name = '''1 Ceres'''
|pronounced = {{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|ɪər|iː|z}} {{respell|SEER|eez}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1)|work=Random House, Inc.|url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/ceres|accessdate=2007-09-26|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/62D65VxlL?url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/ceres|archivedate=2011-10-05|deadurl=no}}</ref> 
|named_after = [[Ceres (mitologi)|Cerēs]]
|alt_names = A899 OF; 1943 XB
|adjectives = Cererian {{IPA|/sɨˈrɪəri.ən/}}<ref name="Simpson1979">{{cite book|last = Simpson|first = D. P.|title = Cassell's Latin Dictionary|url = https://archive.org/details/cassellslatineng0000unse_w6a1|publisher = Cassell Ltd|year = 1979|edition = 5th|location = London|isbn = 978-0-304-52257-6|page = 883}}</ref>
|mp_category = [[planet katai]]<br />[[sabuk utama]]
|orbit_ref =<ref name="jpl_sbdb">{{cite web|last=Yeomans|first=Donald K.|date=5 July 2007|url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=Ceres|title=1 Ceres|publisher=JPL Small-Body Database Browser|accessdate=2003-08-29|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/69fuVB1N8?url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=Ceres|archivedate=2012-08-04|deadurl=no}}—The listed values were rounded at the magnitude of uncertainty (1-sigma).</ref>
|epoch = 18 Juni 2009<br />([[Hari Julian]] 2455000,5)
|aphelion = {{convert|446669320|km|au|4|abbr=on|disp=flip}}
|perihelion = {{convert|380995855|km|au|4|abbr=on|disp=flip}}
|semimajor = {{convert|413690604|km|au|4|abbr=on|disp=flip}}
|eccentricity = 0,079138
|period = 4,60&nbsp;[[Tahun Julian|tahun]]<br />1679,67&nbsp;hari
|avg_speed = 17,882&nbsp;km/s
|mean_anomaly = 113,410°
|inclination = 10,587° ke [[ekliptik]]<br />9,20° ke [[bidang invariabel]]<ref name=meanplane>{{cite web
|date=2009-04-03
|title=The MeanPlane (Invariable plane) of the Solar System passing through the barycenter
|url=http://home.surewest.net/kheider/astro/MeanPlane.gif
|accessdate=2009-04-10
|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5glwILykY?url=http://home.comcast.net/~kpheider/MeanPlane.gif
|archivedate=2009-05-14
|deadurl=no
}} (dihasilkan melalui [http://chemistry.unina.it/~alvitagl/solex/ Solex 10] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080301111520/http://chemistry.unina.it/~alvitagl/solex/ |date=2008-03-01 }} ditulis oleh Aldo Vitagliano; lihat pula [[bidang invariabel]])</ref>
|arg_peri = 72,5898°
|asc_node = 80,3932°
|p_orbit_ref =<ref name=Ceres-POE>{{cite web
|title=AstDyS-2 Ceres Synthetic Proper Orbital Elements
|publisher=Department of Mathematics, University of Pisa, Italy
|url=http://hamilton.dm.unipi.it/astdys/index.php?pc=1.1.6&n=1
|accessdate=2011-10-01
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111121225850/http://hamilton.dm.unipi.it/astdys/index.php?pc=1.1.6&n=1
|archivedate=2011-11-21
|deadurl=yes
}}</ref>
|p_semimajor = 2,7670962
|p_eccentricity = 0,1161977
|p_inclination = 9,6474122°
|p_mean_motion = 78.193318
|perihelion_rate = 54,070272
|node_rate = −59,170034
|physical_characteristics = yes
|equatorial_radius = 487,3&nbsp;±&nbsp;1,8&nbsp;km<ref name="Thomas2005">{{cite journal|first=P. C.|last=Thomas|coauthors=Parker, J. Wm.; McFadden, L. A.; ''et al.''|title=Differentiation of the asteroid Ceres as revealed by its shape|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2005-09-08_437_7056/page/224|year=2005|journal=Nature|volume=437|pages=224–226|doi=10.1038/nature03938|bibcode=2005Natur.437..224T|pmid=16148926|issue=7056}}</ref>
|equatorial_diameter = 975,6&nbsp;±&nbsp;1,8&nbsp;km<ref name="Thomas2005"/>
|polar_radius = 454,7&nbsp;±&nbsp;1,6&nbsp;km<ref name="Thomas2005"/>
|surface_area = 2.850.000 km<sup>2</sup>
|mass=9,43&nbsp;±&nbsp;0,07{{e|20}}&nbsp;kg<br />
0,00015 [[Bumi|Massa Bumi]]<br />0,0128 [[Bulan]]
|density=2,077&nbsp;±&nbsp;0,036&nbsp;g/cm<sup>3</sup><ref name="Thomas2005"/>
|surface_grav = 0,27 [[percepatan|m/s<sup>2</sup>]]<br />0,028 [[gaya g|''g'']]<ref name="fact2">Dihitung berdasarkan parameter yang diketahui</ref>
|escape_velocity=0,51&nbsp;km/s<ref name="fact2"/>
|sidereal_day = 0,3781&nbsp;hari<br />9,074170&nbsp;jam<ref name="Chamberlain2007">{{cite journal
|last=Chamberlain|first=Matthew A.
|coauthors=Sykes, Mark V.; Esquerdo, Gilbert A.
|year=2007
|title=Ceres lightcurve analysis – Period determination
|journal=Icarus
|volume=188|issue=2|pages=451–456
|doi=10.1016/j.icarus.2006.11.025
|bibcode=2007Icar..188..451C
}}</ref>
|right_asc_north_pole = 19 jam 24&nbsp;menit <br />291°<ref name="Thomas2005"/>
|declination = 59°<ref name="Thomas2005"/>
|axial_tilt = about 3°<ref name="Thomas2005"/>
|albedo=0,090&nbsp;±&nbsp;0,0033&nbsp;([[albedo geometrik]])
|temperatures = yes
|temp_name1 = [[Kelvin]]
|min_temp_1 = ?
|mean_temp_1 = ~168&nbsp;K<ref>{{cite book|author=Angelo, Joseph A., Jr|year=2006|title=Encyclopedia of Space and Astronomy|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofsp0000ange|publisher=Infobase|location=New York|isbn=0-8160-5330-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofsp0000ange/page/122 122]}}</ref>
|max_temp_1 = 235&nbsp;K
|spectral_type=[[Asteroid tipe C|C]]
|magnitude = 6,64 hinggo 9,34
|abs_magnitude =3,36&nbsp;±&nbsp;0,02
|angular_size = 0,854" <!-- Horizons 1636-Feb-11 --> hinggo 0,339"
}}
'''Ceres''' (panamoan [[planet minor]] '''1 Ceres'''; simbol: [[File:Ceres symbol (bold).svg|16px|⚳]])<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/infographics/what-is-a-dwarf-planet |author= JPL/NASA |date= 2015-04-22  |website= Jet Propulsion Laboratory |title= What is a Dwarf Planet? |access-date= 2022-01-19}}</ref> adolah ciek-cieknyo [[planet katai]] di [[Tata Surya Dalam]].<ref name="NASADawnMission">{{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/dawn/mission/index.html|title=NASA – Dawn at a Glance|publisher=NASA|accessdate=14 August 2011|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/62D66N3T7?url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/dawn/mission/index.html|archivedate=2011-10-05|deadurl=no}}</ref><ref>
{{cite book|author=Space Telescope Science Institute|title=Hubble 2008: Science year in review|publisher=NASA Goddard Space Flight Center|year=2009|page=66}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.challenger.org/podcasts/origins_stern.mp3 |title = Origin of the Solar System with Dr. Alan Stern |publisher = Challenger Center for Space Science Education |year = 2009 |author = [[Alan Stern]] }}{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ceres marupoan bando langiik babatu jo ba-es dengan diameter sagadang 950&nbsp;km dan marupoan planet katai paliang ketek nan parnah basobok. Massa Ceres maliputi sapartigo massa [[sabuk asteroid]].<ref name="Moomaw">{{cite web |first = Bruce |last =Moomaw |title= Ceres As An Abode of Life |url = http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Ceres_As_An_Abode_Of_Life_999.html|accessdate= 2012-10-10 |publisher= Spacedaily |date= 2007-07-02}}</ref> Basobok pado tangga 1 Januari 1801 dek [[Giuseppe Piazzi]],<ref name="hoskin"/> Ceres marupoan asteroid patamo nan basobok, meskipun pado sangkek itu objek iko diklasifikasi sabagai planet.<ref name=coffey>{{cite web|last=Coffey|first=Jerry|title=The First Asteroid Discovered|url=http://www.universetoday.com/35925/the-first-asteroid-discovered/|publisher=universetoday.com|accessdate=2 September 2011|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/62D67mZQL?url=http://www.universetoday.com/35925/the-first-asteroid-discovered/|archivedate=2011-10-05|deadurl=no}}</ref> Pado [[24 Agustus]] [[2006]], [[Persatuan Astronomi Internasional]] mamutuihan untuak maubah status Ceres manjadi "planet katai".

Parmukaan Ceres mungkin marupoan campuran antaro es aia jo babagai mineral tahidrasi takah [[mineral karbonat|karbonat]] jo [[lempung]]. Planet katai iko tampaknyo [[diferensiasi planet|terdiferensiasi]] dengan [[inti (geologi)|inti]] nan babatu jo [[mantel (geologi)|mantel]] nan ba-es,<ref name="Thomas2005"/> dan mungkin manganduang [[samudra]] di bawah parmukaannyo. Dari Bumi, [[magnitudo tampak]] Ceres ba-variasi antaro 6.7 hinggo 9.3, sahinggo terlalu redup untuak dicaliak jo mato talanjang kacuali kok langik sangaik kalam.<ref name="Pasachoff1983">{{cite book|author=Menzel, Donald H.; and Pasachoff, Jay M.|year=1983|title=A Field Guide to the Stars and Planets|url=https://archive.org/details/fieldguidetostar00menz_4|edition=2nd|publisher=Houghton Mifflin|location=Boston, MA|isbn=978-0-395-34835-2|page=[https://archive.org/details/fieldguidetostar00menz_4/page/391 391]}}</ref>

== Namo ==
Piazzi awalnyo mangusulan namo ''Cerere Ferdinandea'', nan dinamoi dari tokoh mitologis [[Ceres (mitologi)|Ceres]] (dewi agrikultur [[Romawi]], dalam [[bahasa Italia]] disabuik ''Cerere'') jo [[Ferdinand I dari Sisilia|Raja Ferdinand III]] dari [[Kerajaan Sisilia]].<ref name="hoskin">{{cite web|last=Hoskin|first=Michael|date=1992-06-26|url=http://www.astropa.unipa.it/HISTORY/hoskin.html|title=Bode's Law and the Discovery of Ceres|publisher=Observatorio Astronomico di Palermo "Giuseppe S. Vaiana"|accessdate=2007-07-05|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5msUt6uRh?url=http://www.astropa.unipa.it/HISTORY/hoskin.html|archivedate=2010-01-18|deadurl=no}}</ref> "Ferdinandea" indak ditaimo dek negara lain sahinggo dihapuihan. Ceres juo sempat disabuik [[Hera]] di [[Jerman]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Foderà Serio, G.; Manara, A.; Sicoli, P.|editor=W. F. Bottke Jr., A. Cellino, P. Paolicchi, and R. P. Binzel|year=2002|chapter=Giuseppe Piazzi and the Discovery of Ceres|title=Asteroids III|publisher=University of Arizona Press|pages=17–24|location=Tucson, Arizona|url=http://www.lpi.usra.edu/books/AsteroidsIII/pdf/3027.pdf|format=PDF|accessdate=2009-06-25 }}</ref> Di Yunani, namo objek iko adolah [[Demeter]] (''Δήμητρα''), nan marupoan dewi ''Cerēs'' versi Yunani; dalam bahaso Inggirih, namo tersebut digunoan untuak asteroid [[1108 Demeter]]. Bantuak adjektif Ceres dalam bahaso Inggirih adaloh ''Cererian'',<ref>{{cite book|author=[[Jörg Rüpke]]|title=A Companion to Roman Religion|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=FRRLOltuxDcC&pg=PT90|accessdate=6 August 2011|date=25 March 2011|publisher=John Wiley and Sons|isbn=978-1-4443-4131-7|pages=90–}}</ref> nan barasa dari bahaso [[Latin]] ''Cerēris''.<ref name="Simpson1979"/> [[Lambang astronomi]] lamo Ceres adolah sabit {{unicode|⚳}} ([[Berkas:Ceres symbol.svg|20px]]); lambang iko kudian diganti manjadi ①.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Gould|first=B. A.|authorlink=Benjamin Apthorp Gould|title=On the symbolic notation of the asteroids|journal=Astronomical Journal|year=1852|volume=2|issue=34|page=80|bibcode=1852AJ......2...80G|doi=10.1086/100212}}</ref>

Unsur [[cerium]] nan basobok pado tahun 1803 dinamai dari Ceres.<ref>{{cite web|author=Staff|url=http://www.webelements.com/cerium/history.html|title=Cerium: historical information|publisher=Adaptive Optics|accessdate=2007-04-27|archive-date=2010-04-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100409042237/http://www.webelements.com/cerium/history.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Pado tahun nan samo, unsur lain juo dinamoi dari Ceres, tapi panamunyo mangganti namonyo manjadi [[palladium]] (dari asteroid [[2 Pallas]]) katiko cerium dinamoi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://alchemy.chem.uwm.edu/amalgamator/features/feat2003/features.html#yag|date=2003-10-30|title=Amalgamator Features 2003: 200 Years Ago|accessdate=2006-08-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060207121906/http://alchemy.chem.uwm.edu/amalgamator/features/feat2003/features.html#yag|archivedate=2006-02-07|dead-url=yes}}</ref>

== Rujuakan ==
{{reflist}}
{{Tata surya}}

[[Kategori:Planet katai]]