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Enceladus

Wikipedia se
Enceladus
Enceladus ke chhaapa Cassini orbiter, October 2015
me utaris rahaa
Discovery
Discovered byWilliam Herschel
Discovery dateAugust 28, 1789
Designations
Designation
Saturn II
Pronunciation/ɛnˈsɛlədəs/[1]
Named after
Ἐγκέλαδος Enkélados
AdjectivesEnceladean /ɛnsəˈleɪdiən/[2][3]
Orbital characteristics
238037 km[4]
Eccentricity0.0047[4]
1.370218 d[4]
Inclination0.009° (to Saturn's equator)[4]
Satellite ofSaturn
Physical characteristics
Dimensions513.2 × 502.8 × 496.6 km[4]
252.1±0.2 km[5] (0.0395 Earths, 0.1451 Moons)
Mass(1.080318±0.00028)×1020 kg[5] (1.8×10−5 Earths)
Mean density
1.6097±0.0038 g/cm3[5]
0.113 m/s2 (0.0116 g)
0.3305±0.0025[6]
Template:V2 km/s (860.4 km/h)[4]
Synchronous
< 0.05 deg[7]
Albedo1.375±0.008 (geometric at 550 nm) or 0.81±0.04 (Bond)
Surface temp. min mean max
Kelvin[8] 32.9 K 75 K 145 K
Celsius −240 °C −198 °C −128 °C
11.7
Atmosphere
Surface pressure
Trace, significant spatial variability[9][10]
Composition by volume91% water vapor
4% nitrogen
3.2% carbon dioxide
1.7% methane[11]

Enceladus, sixth sab se barraa Saturn ke chaand hae aur Saur Mandal ke 18th sab se barraa hae. iske diameter lagbhag 500 kilometers (310 miles) hae,[4] aur ii Saturn ke sab se barraa chaand, Titan ke one-tenth hae. Ii snow se covered hae aur saur mandal me ke sab se reflective chij me se ek hae. Iske kaaran iske surface temperature, din me 12 baje khaali −198 °C (75.1 K; −324.4 °F) talak pahuche sake hae. Iske chhota size ke bawajuut Enceladus me dher surface features hae, puraana cratered regions se nawaa, deformed terrain.

  1. ↑ "Enceladus". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on July 31, 2020.
  2. ↑ Freitas, R. A. (1983). "Terraforming Mars and Venus Using Machine Self-Replicating Systems (SRS)". Journal of the British Interplanetary Society 36: 139. http://www.rfreitas.com/Astro/TerraformSRS1983.htm.
  3. ↑ Postberg et al. "Plume and surface composition of Enceladus", p. 129–130, 148, 156; Lunine et al. "Future Exploration of Enceladus and Other Saturnian Moons", p. 454; in Schenk et al., eds. (2018) Enceladus and the Icy Moons of Saturn
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Enceladus: Facts & Figures". Solar System Exploration. NASA. August 12, 2013. Archived from the original on October 16, 2013. Retrieved April 26, 2014.
  5. 1 2 3 Jacobson, Robert. A. (November 1, 2022). "The Orbits of the Main Saturnian Satellites, the Saturnian System Gravity Field, and the Orientation of Saturn's Pole". The Astronomical Journal 164 (5): 199. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac90c9.
  6. ↑ McKinnon, W. B. (2015). "Effect of Enceladus's rapid synchronous spin on interpretation of Cassini gravity". Geophysical Research Letters 42 (7): 2137–2143. doi:10.1002/2015GL063384.
  7. ↑ Giese, B. (2014). "An upper limit on Enceladus’ obliquity". European Planetary Science Congress (EPSC). https://elib.dlr.de/89471/.
  8. ↑ Spencer, John R.; Pearl, J. C. (2006). "Cassini Encounters Enceladus: Background and the Discovery of a South Polar Hot Spot". Science 311 (5766): 1401–5. doi:10.1126/science.1121661. PMID 16527965. https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2006-03-10_311_5766/page/1401.
  9. ↑ Dougherty, M. K.; Khurana, K. K. (2006). "Identification of a Dynamic Atmosphere at Enceladus with the Cassini Magnetometer". Science 311 (5766): 1406–9. doi:10.1126/science.1120985. PMID 16527966. https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2006-03-10_311_5766/page/1406.
  10. ↑ Hansen, Candice J.; Esposito, L. (2006). "Enceladus' Water Vapor Plume". Science 311 (5766): 1422–5. doi:10.1126/science.1121254. PMID 16527971. https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2006-03-10_311_5766/page/1422.
  11. ↑ Waite, Jack Hunter Jr.; Combi, M. R. (2006). "Cassini Ion and Neutral Mass Spectrometer: Enceladus Plume Composition and Structure". Science 311 (5766): 1419–22. doi:10.1126/science.1121290. PMID 16527970. https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2006-03-10_311_5766/page/1419.
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