gh-148947: dataclasses: fix error on empty __class__ cell (GH-148948)

Also add a test demonstrating the need for the existing "is oldcls" check. (cherry picked from commit 6d7bbee) Co-authored-by: Jelle Zijlstra <jelle.zijlstra@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: Bartosz Sławecki <bartosz@ilikepython.com>
JelleZijlstra · Apr 25, 2026 · Apr 25, 2026 · Apr 25, 2026 · 83fe2d3ef90a164c742b5f0db7079ebaf27d6002
commit 83fe2d3ef90a164c742b5f0db7079ebaf27d6002
@@ -1292,10 +1292,18 @@ def _update_func_cell_for__class__(f, oldcls, newcls):
         # This function doesn't reference __class__, so nothing to do.
         return False
     # Fix the cell to point to the new class, if it's already pointing
-    # at the old class.  I'm not convinced that the "is oldcls" test
-    # is needed, but other than performance can't hurt.
+    # at the old class.
     closure = f.__closure__[idx]
-    if closure.cell_contents is oldcls:
+
+    try:
+        contents = closure.cell_contents
+    except ValueError:
+        # Cell is empty
+        return False
+
+    # This check makes it so we avoid updating an incorrect cell if the
+    # class body contains a function that was defined in a different class.
+    if contents is oldcls:
         closure.cell_contents = newcls
         return True
     return False

@@ -5361,5 +5361,51 @@ def cls(self):
         # one will be keeping a reference to the underlying class A.
         self.assertIs(A().cls(), B)
 
+    def test_empty_class_cell(self):
+        # gh-148947: Make sure that we explicitly handle the empty class cell.
+        def maker():
+            if False:
+                __class__ = 42
+
+            def method(self):
+                return __class__
+            return method
+
+        from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+        @dataclass(slots=True)
+        class X:
+            a: int
+
+            meth = maker()
+
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(NameError, '__class__'):
+            X(1).meth()
+
+    def test_class_cell_from_other_class(self):
+        # This test fails without the "is oldcls" check in
+        # _update_func_cell_for__class__.
+        class Base:
+            def meth(self):
+                return "Base"
+
+        class Child(Base):
+            def meth(self):
+                return super().meth() + " Child"
+
+        @dataclass(slots=True)
+        class DC(Child):
+            a: int
+
+            meth = Child.meth
+
+        closure = DC.meth.__closure__
+        self.assertEqual(len(closure), 1)
+        self.assertIs(closure[0].cell_contents, Child)
+
+        self.assertEqual(DC(1).meth(), "Base Child")
+
+
+
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2026-04-23-21-47-49.gh-issue-148947.W4V2lG.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2026-04-23-21-47-49.gh-issue-148947.W4V2lG.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Fix crash in :deco:`dataclasses.dataclass` with ``slots=True`` that occurred
+when a function found within the class had an empty ``__class__`` cell.
Original file line number	Diff line number	Diff line change
		@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
		Fix crash in :deco:`dataclasses.dataclass` with ``slots=True`` that occurred
		when a function found within the class had an empty ``__class__`` cell.