lukemurray · Oct 10, 2026 · Oct 10, 2026
diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 - Fixed `UseOffsetPaging()` on a field that is not on the root query type when its collection comes from EF - e.g. `schema.Type<Actor>().ReplaceField("movies", new { }, (a, _) => a.Movies.OrderBy(m => m.Released)).UseOffsetPaging()` - failing with `The LINQ expression 'p_Movie => new Dynamic_items...' could not be translated`. The collection is part of the parent's projection, so EF has to translate the paging, and `items` was paged with EntityGraphQL's own `Skip`/`Take(int?)` helpers, which EF does not know. A collection that is not an `IQueryable` is now paged with `System.Linq`'s `Skip`/`Take` (a null `skip` is `0`, a null `take` is the rest of the collection - `int.MaxValue - skip`, as EF pages a nested collection with `row <= skip + take`, which would overflow an `int` on SQL Server and Postgres). `hasNextPage` on such a field is translated too: EF evaluated EntityGraphQL's `PageHasNext` helper in memory, loading the whole collection for every parent, and it is now an `EXISTS` query. Paging on root query fields was not affected.
 - #574 - Fixed `UseConnectionPaging()` on a field that is not on the root query type when its collection comes from EF - e.g. `schema.Type<Actor>().ReplaceField("movies", a => a.Movies.OrderByDescending(m => m.Released)).UseConnectionPaging()` - failing with `The LINQ expression 'edgeNode => ...' could not be translated`. As with offset paging above, the edges are now paged with `System.Linq`'s `Skip`/`Take`. Cursors were assigned by `ConnectionHelper.ApplyCursors` while enumerating the page, which EF can not translate inside a parent's projection, so for such a collection they are now set on the edges after EF materializes them. `last` (without `before`) on such a collection pages from the end of each parent's own collection - it relied on one total count shared by the whole request - and is taken as `Reverse().Take(last)` so EF can translate it. With `after` too, the rows up to `after` are then dropped from that page. `last` with or without `before` on such a collection needs it to be ordered (e.g. `a.Movies.OrderBy(m => m.Released)`) when it comes from EF, which can not `Reverse()` an unordered collection - it fails with EF's `could not be translated` error. An in-memory collection does not need to be ordered. `pageInfo { hasNextPage }` alone is an `EXISTS` query rather than loading the whole collection. Paging on root query fields is unchanged.
 - Fixed a connection field paging a collection of the same type at the root (`IQueryable`) and on a parent object sharing one `ConnectionEdgeExtension`, which used whether the first configured field was `IQueryable` for both (`No generic method 'Skip' on type 'QueryableExtensions'`). It is now decided per use.
+- Fixed paging on the `node` of another connection - e.g. `movies(first: 2) { edges { node { actors(first: 1) { ... } } } }` with `UseConnectionPaging()` (or `UseOffsetPaging()`) on both - failing with `unbound variable: p_ConnectionEdge`1`, in memory and with EF. The inner paging's edges/items rebuilt its collection from the schema's `node` expression rather than the edge being selected. Also, as the edges field is shared by every connection of a type, the same connection field at two levels (`actor.movies ... actors.node.movies`) declared the same parameter in nested lambdas, which EF can not rewrite. Note that EF needs SQL `APPLY` to page a nested collection inside another paged nested collection, which SQLite does not support (SQL Server and Postgres do).
 - Fixed connection paging `pageInfo.hasPreviousPage` being `false` for `last` without `before` when exactly one item comes before the page (e.g. `last: 2` of 3 items).
 - Fixed connection paging with `last` and a `before` cursor past the end of the collection - e.g. `last: 3, before: <cursor 5>` of 3 items - returning too few items (`2` and `3` rather than all 3), as the page was taken as ending at the cursor. It is now the last items of the collection, with matching cursors and `pageInfo`. On a nested collection the cursor is shared by every parent and can be past the end of only some of them: each parent's page is chosen from its own count, at the cost of also selecting the last `last` items of each parent alongside the page.
 - Fixed connection paging `pageInfo.hasNextPage` being `false` for `before` when the cursor is the last item (e.g. `last: 3, before: <cursor 6>` of 6 items), although the item at the cursor comes after the page.

diff --git a/src/EntityGraphQL/Compiler/GqlNodes/CompileContext.cs b/src/EntityGraphQL/Compiler/GqlNodes/CompileContext.cs
@@ -146,6 +146,19 @@ public void AddConstant(IField? fromField, ParameterExpression parameterExpressi
 
     public bool WasFirstPassMaterialized(IGraphQLNode node) => firstPassMaterializedNodes.Contains(node);
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The context a field with extensions was compiled against (bound to its field parameter). A paging field's
+    /// edges/items field rebuilds the collection from the original field expression and needs the same context. The
+    /// grandparent node's NextFieldContext is not it when the paging field is on an object selected from a schema
+    /// expression, e.g. the `node` of another connection (p_ConnectionEdge.Node, not the edge being selected). Stored
+    /// here as the node belongs to the cached document shared across requests.
+    /// </summary>
+    private readonly Dictionary<IGraphQLNode, Expression> fieldContexts = [];
+
+    internal void SetFieldContext(IGraphQLNode node, Expression context) => fieldContexts[node] = context;
+
+    internal Expression? GetFieldContext(IGraphQLNode node) => fieldContexts.TryGetValue(node, out var context) ? context : null;
+
     /// <summary>
     /// Carry the first pass's state into the context used for the second (services) pass.
     /// </summary>

diff --git a/src/EntityGraphQL/Schema/Field.cs b/src/EntityGraphQL/Schema/Field.cs
@@ -238,6 +238,10 @@ ParameterReplacer replacer
     )
     {
         Expression? expression = fieldExpression;
+        // extensions are given the field's own expression as Context. Record the context it is bound to below so an
+        // extension compiling a child field can rebuild from it - see CompileContext.GetFieldContext
+        if (fieldContext != null && fieldNode != null && !contextChanged && Extensions.Count > 0)
+            compileContext.SetFieldContext(fieldNode, fieldContext);
         // don't store parameterReplacer as a class field as GetExpression is called in compiling - i.e. across threads
         (var result, var argumentParam) = PrepareFieldExpression(args, expression!, replacer, expression, fieldNode, docParam, docVariables, contextChanged, withoutServiceFields, compileContext);
         if (result == null)

diff --git a/src/EntityGraphQL/Schema/FieldExtensions/ConnectionPaging/ConnectionEdgeExtension.cs b/src/EntityGraphQL/Schema/FieldExtensions/ConnectionPaging/ConnectionEdgeExtension.cs
@@ -11,13 +11,11 @@ namespace EntityGraphQL.Schema.FieldExtensions;
 public class ConnectionEdgeExtension : BaseFieldExtension
 {
     private readonly Type listType;
-    private readonly ParameterExpression firstSelectParam;
 
     /// <param name="listType">The element type of the paged collection</param>
     public ConnectionEdgeExtension(Type listType)
     {
         this.listType = listType;
-        firstSelectParam = Expression.Parameter(listType, "edgeNode");
     }
 
     /// <param name="listType">The element type of the paged collection</param>
@@ -98,7 +96,8 @@ FieldExtensionExpressionContext context
         }
         else
         {
-            expression = parameterReplacer.Replace(pagingExtension.OriginalFieldExpression!, parentField.FieldParam!, grandparentContext!);
+            var parentContext = compileContext.GetFieldContext(fieldNode.ParentNode) ?? grandparentContext!;
+            expression = parameterReplacer.Replace(pagingExtension.OriginalFieldExpression!, parentField.FieldParam!, parentContext);
         }
 
         // expression here is the adjusted Connection<T>(). This field (edges) is where we deal with the list again - field.Resolve
@@ -232,6 +231,10 @@ ref edgeExpression
         // First we select the edge node as the full object
         // we later change this to a anonymous object to not have the full table returned from EF
         // This happens later as we don't know what the query has selected yet
+        // A parameter per use, not per extension: the edges field is shared by every connection of listType, so the same
+        // field below its own node (actor.movies.node.actors.node.movies) would otherwise declare the same parameter in
+        // nested lambdas, which EF can not rewrite
+        var firstSelectParam = Expression.Parameter(listType, "edgeNode");
         expression = Expression.Call(
             isQueryable ? typeof(Queryable) : typeof(Enumerable),
             nameof(Enumerable.Select),
@@ -269,7 +272,9 @@ FieldExtensionSelectionContext context
 
         // we now know the fields they want to select so we rebuild the base expression
         // remove the above Select(new ConnectionEdge<T>(), ...)
-        baseExpression = ((MethodCallExpression)baseExpression).Arguments[0];
+        var edgeSelect = (MethodCallExpression)baseExpression;
+        var firstSelectParam = ((LambdaExpression)(edgeSelect.Arguments[1] is UnaryExpression { NodeType: ExpressionType.Quote } quote ? quote.Operand : edgeSelect.Arguments[1])).Parameters[0];
+        baseExpression = edgeSelect.Arguments[0];
         var isQueryable = baseExpression.Type.IsGenericTypeQueryable();
         // remove null check as it is not required
         var nodeField = selectionExpressions.First(f => f.Key.SchemaName == "node").Value;

diff --git a/src/EntityGraphQL/Schema/FieldExtensions/OffsetPaging/OffsetPagingItemsExtension.cs b/src/EntityGraphQL/Schema/FieldExtensions/OffsetPaging/OffsetPagingItemsExtension.cs
@@ -84,7 +84,8 @@ FieldExtensionExpressionContext context
         }
         else
         {
-            newItemsExp = parameterReplacer.Replace(offsetPagingExtension.OriginalFieldExpression!, originalFieldParam, grandparentContext!);
+            var parentContext = compileContext.GetFieldContext(fieldNode.ParentNode) ?? grandparentContext!;
+            newItemsExp = parameterReplacer.Replace(offsetPagingExtension.OriginalFieldExpression!, originalFieldParam, parentContext);
         }
 
         // other extensions defined on the original field need to run on the collection

diff --git a/src/tests/EntityGraphQL.EF.Tests/PagingTests.cs b/src/tests/EntityGraphQL.EF.Tests/PagingTests.cs
@@ -549,6 +549,131 @@ public void TestRootConnectionPagingLastBeforePastTheEnd()
         Assert.Equal(new[] { 1, 2 }.Select(ConnectionHelper.SerializeCursor), ((IEnumerable<dynamic>)movies.edges).Select(e => (string)e.cursor));
     }
 
+    // a nested connection on the node of a root one
+    [Fact]
+    public void TestNestedConnectionPagingInConnectionNode()
+    {
+        var schema = SchemaBuilder.FromObject<TestDbContext>();
+        using var factory = new TestDbContextFactory();
+        var data = factory.CreateContext();
+        AddActorsAndMovies(data);
+        data.SaveChanges();
+
+        schema.Query().ReplaceField("movies", db => db.Movies.OrderBy(m => m.Id), "Movies").UseConnectionPaging();
+        schema.Type<Movie>().ReplaceField("actors", m => m.Actors.OrderBy(a => a.Id), "Actors").UseConnectionPaging();
+
+        var result = schema.ExecuteRequestWithContext(
+            new QueryRequest { Query = @"{ movies(last: 2) { edges { cursor node { name actors(last: 2) { totalCount edges { cursor node { name } } } } } } }" },
+            data,
+            null,
+            null
+        );
+        Assert.Null(result.Errors);
+        var edges = ((IEnumerable<dynamic>)((dynamic)result.Data!["movies"]!).edges).ToList();
+        Assert.Equal(new[] { "M2", "M3" }, edges.Select(e => (string)e.node.name));
+        Assert.Equal(new[] { ConnectionHelper.SerializeCursor(2), ConnectionHelper.SerializeCursor(3) }, edges.Select(e => (string)e.cursor));
+        // M2's actors are A, B and M3's A, B, C
+        Assert.Equal(2, edges[0].node.actors.totalCount);
+        Assert.Equal(new[] { "A", "B" }, ((IEnumerable<dynamic>)edges[0].node.actors.edges).Select(e => (string)e.node.name));
+        Assert.Equal(new[] { ConnectionHelper.SerializeCursor(1), ConnectionHelper.SerializeCursor(2) }, ((IEnumerable<dynamic>)edges[0].node.actors.edges).Select(e => (string)e.cursor));
+        Assert.Equal(3, edges[1].node.actors.totalCount);
+        Assert.Equal(new[] { "B", "C" }, ((IEnumerable<dynamic>)edges[1].node.actors.edges).Select(e => (string)e.node.name));
+        Assert.Equal(new[] { ConnectionHelper.SerializeCursor(2), ConnectionHelper.SerializeCursor(3) }, ((IEnumerable<dynamic>)edges[1].node.actors.edges).Select(e => (string)e.cursor));
+    }
+
+    // The same connection field at two levels (actor.movies ... actors.node.movies). EF needs SQL APPLY to page a nested
+    // collection inside another paged nested collection, which SQLite does not support (SQL Server and Postgres do), so this
+    // runs in memory and checks the expression EF would be given: the edges field is shared, and its Select must not declare
+    // the same parameter in nested lambdas - EF can't rewrite that ("When called from 'VisitLambda', rewriting a node...")
+    [Fact]
+    public void TestNestedConnectionPagingSameFieldAtTwoLevels()
+    {
+        var schema = SchemaBuilder.FromObject<TestDbContext>();
+        using var factory = new TestDbContextFactory();
+        var data = factory.CreateContext();
+        var actors = AddActorsAndMovies(data);
+
+        schema.Query().ReplaceField("actor", new { id = 0 }, (db, args) => actors.FirstOrDefault(a => a.Id == args.id), "Actor");
+        schema.Type<Actor>().ReplaceField("movies", a => a.Movies.OrderBy(m => m.Id), "Movies").UseConnectionPaging();
+        schema.Type<Movie>().ReplaceField("actors", m => m.Actors.OrderBy(a => a.Id), "Actors").UseConnectionPaging();
+
+        var expressions = new List<System.Linq.Expressions.Expression>();
+        var result = schema.ExecuteRequestWithContext(
+            new QueryRequest
+            {
+                Query =
+                    $@"{{ actor(id: 1) {{
+                        movies(last: 2) {{ totalCount edges {{ cursor node {{ name
+                            actors(first: 1, after: ""{ConnectionHelper.SerializeCursor(1)}"") {{ totalCount pageInfo {{ hasNextPage }} edges {{ cursor node {{ name
+                                movies(last: 1) {{ edges {{ cursor node {{ name }} }} }}
+                            }} }} }}
+                        }} }} }}
+                    }} }}",
+            },
+            data,
+            null,
+            null,
+            new ExecutionOptions
+            {
+                BeforeExecuting = (e, _) =>
+                {
+                    expressions.Add(e);
+                    return e;
+                },
+            }
+        );
+        Assert.Null(result.Errors);
+        Assert.All(expressions, e => new NoShadowedParameters().Visit(e));
+
+        dynamic movies = ((dynamic)result.Data!["actor"]!).movies;
+        Assert.Equal(3, movies.totalCount);
+        Assert.Equal(new[] { "M2", "M3" }, ((IEnumerable<dynamic>)movies.edges).Select(e => (string)e.node.name));
+        Assert.Equal(new[] { ConnectionHelper.SerializeCursor(2), ConnectionHelper.SerializeCursor(3) }, ((IEnumerable<dynamic>)movies.edges).Select(e => (string)e.cursor));
+        // M2's actors are A, B - after A
+        dynamic m2Actors = movies.edges[0].node.actors;
+        Assert.Equal(2, m2Actors.totalCount);
+        Assert.False(m2Actors.pageInfo.hasNextPage);
+        Assert.Equal("B", m2Actors.edges[0].node.name);
+        Assert.Equal(ConnectionHelper.SerializeCursor(2), m2Actors.edges[0].cursor);
+        // B's movies are M2, M3 - last 1
+        Assert.Equal("M3", m2Actors.edges[0].node.movies.edges[0].node.name);
+        Assert.Equal(ConnectionHelper.SerializeCursor(2), m2Actors.edges[0].node.movies.edges[0].cursor);
+        // M3's actors are A, B, C - after A, first 1
+        dynamic m3Actors = movies.edges[1].node.actors;
+        Assert.Equal(3, m3Actors.totalCount);
+        Assert.True(m3Actors.pageInfo.hasNextPage);
+        Assert.Equal("B", m3Actors.edges[0].node.name);
+        Assert.Equal(ConnectionHelper.SerializeCursor(2), m3Actors.edges[0].cursor);
+    }
+
+    private sealed class NoShadowedParameters : System.Linq.Expressions.ExpressionVisitor
+    {
+        private readonly HashSet<System.Linq.Expressions.ParameterExpression> inScope = [];
+
+        protected override System.Linq.Expressions.Expression VisitLambda<T>(System.Linq.Expressions.Expression<T> node)
+        {
+            foreach (var p in node.Parameters)
+                Assert.True(inScope.Add(p), $"Parameter '{p.Name}' is declared by a lambda nested in another declaring it");
+            base.VisitLambda(node);
+            foreach (var p in node.Parameters)
+                inScope.Remove(p);
+            return node;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static List<Actor> AddActorsAndMovies(TestDbContext data)
+    {
+        var m1 = new Movie("M1") { Id = 1, Released = new DateTime(2020, 1, 1) };
+        var m2 = new Movie("M2") { Id = 2, Released = new DateTime(2021, 1, 1) };
+        var m3 = new Movie("M3") { Id = 3, Released = new DateTime(2022, 1, 1) };
+        List<Actor> actors = [new Actor("A") { Id = 1, Movies = [m1, m2, m3] }, new Actor("B") { Id = 2, Movies = [m2, m3] }, new Actor("C") { Id = 3, Movies = [m3] }];
+        m1.Actors = [actors[0]];
+        m2.Actors = [actors[0], actors[1]];
+        m3.Actors = [actors[0], actors[1], actors[2]];
+        data.Actors.AddRange(actors);
+        return actors;
+    }
+
     private static TestDbContext CreateActorWithMovies(TestDbContextFactory factory)
     {
         var data = factory.CreateContext();

diff --git a/src/tests/EntityGraphQL.Tests/ConnectionPaging/ConnectionPagingTests.cs b/src/tests/EntityGraphQL.Tests/ConnectionPaging/ConnectionPagingTests.cs
@@ -787,6 +787,52 @@ private class ProjectWrapper
         public Project? Project { get; set; }
     }
 
+    // paging on the node of another connection. The inner paging rebuilds its collection from the context its field is
+    // compiled against - the edge being selected - not the schema's p_ConnectionEdge.Node ("unbound variable" before)
+    [Fact]
+    public void TestPagingInConnectionNode()
+    {
+        var schema = SchemaBuilder.FromObject<TestDataContext>();
+        var data = new TestDataContext();
+        FillProjectData(data);
+
+        schema.Query().ReplaceField("projects", ctx => ctx.Projects.OrderBy(p => p.Id), "Projects").UseConnectionPaging();
+        schema.Type<Project>().ReplaceField("tasks", p => p.Tasks.OrderBy(t => t.Id), "Tasks").UseConnectionPaging();
+        schema.Type<Project>().AddField("pagedTasks", p => p.Tasks.OrderBy(t => t.Id), "Tasks").UseOffsetPaging();
+
+        var result = schema.ExecuteRequestWithContext(
+            new QueryRequest
+            {
+                Query =
+                    $@"{{
+                        projects(first: 1) {{
+                            edges {{ cursor node {{
+                                name
+                                tasks(first: 2, after: ""{ConnectionHelper.SerializeCursor(1)}"") {{ totalCount edges {{ cursor node {{ name }} }} }}
+                                pagedTasks(skip: 3, take: 5) {{ totalItems hasNextPage items {{ name }} }}
+                            }} }}
+                        }}
+                    }}",
+            },
+            data,
+            null,
+            null
+        );
+        Assert.Null(result.Errors);
+
+        dynamic project = ((dynamic)result.Data!["projects"]!).edges[0];
+        Assert.Equal(ConnectionHelper.SerializeCursor(1), project.cursor);
+        Assert.Equal("Project 1", project.node.name);
+        dynamic tasks = project.node.tasks;
+        Assert.Equal(5, tasks.totalCount);
+        Assert.Equal(new[] { "Task 2", "Task 3" }, ((IEnumerable<dynamic>)tasks.edges).Select(e => (string)e.node.name));
+        Assert.Equal(new[] { ConnectionHelper.SerializeCursor(2), ConnectionHelper.SerializeCursor(3) }, ((IEnumerable<dynamic>)tasks.edges).Select(e => (string)e.cursor));
+        dynamic pagedTasks = project.node.pagedTasks;
+        Assert.Equal(5, pagedTasks.totalItems);
+        Assert.False(pagedTasks.hasNextPage);
+        Assert.Equal(new[] { "Task 4", "Task 5" }, ((IEnumerable<dynamic>)pagedTasks.items).Select(i => (string)i.name));
+    }
+
     private static void FillProjectData(TestDataContext data)
     {
         data.Projects =