madu

See also: madú

Afar

Madu.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmadu/ [ˈmʌdʊ]
• Hyphenation: ma‧du

Noun

mádu m (feminine moltá)

1. male lion

Declension

Declension of mádu
absolutive	mádu
predicative	mádu
subjective	madí
genitive	madí
Postpositioned forms l-case mádul k-case máduk t-case mádut h-case máduh

Hypernyms

• lubák (“lion”)

References

• E. M. Parker; R. J. Hayward (1985), “madu”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
• Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015), L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎^[1], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

Balinese

Etymology 1

From Sanskrit मधु (mádhu).

Noun

madu (Balinese script ᬫᬥᬸ)

2. honey

Etymology 2

From ma- +‎ adu.

Verb

madu (Balinese script ᬫᬤᬸ)

1. to fight

Etymology 3

From Old Javanese madu, maru (“co-wife, jealous”).

Noun

madu (Balinese script ᬫᬤᬸ)

1. mistress, the other woman

References

• “madu”, in Balinese–Indonesian Dictionary [Kamus Bahasa Bali–Indonesia] (in Balinese), Denpasar, Indonesia: The Linguistic Center of Bali Province [Balai Bahasa Provinsi Bali].

Estonian

Odapeamadu (Trimeresurus)

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *mato, see there for further etymology. Cognates include Finnish mato (“worm”), Votic mato, Ingrian mato, Livvi mado, Ludian mado and Veps mado.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmɑd̥u/, [ˈmɑd̥u]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɑdu
• Hyphenation: ma‧du

Noun

madu (genitive mao, partitive madu)

1. snake

   mürgised maod ― poisonous snakes

   maona looklev järjekord ― a winding queue (like a snake)

   Madu nõelas poissi jalga.

   The snake stung the boy's leg.

   Eestis esinevad madudest rästik ja nastik.

   The most common snakes in Estonia are the viper and the grass snake.

2. (figuratively) a mean, sneaky, deceitful person

Usage notes

Madu is commonly used for larger, poisonous snakes, whereas smaller snakes, that are native to Estonia, such as a viper or a grass snake are referred to as uss.

Declension

Declension of madu (ÕS type 18/nägu, d-ø gradation)
		singular	plural
nominative		madu	maod
accusative	nom.
	gen.	mao
genitive			madude
partitive		madu	madusid
illative		mattu maosse	madudesse
inessive		maos	madudes
elative		maost	madudest
allative		maole	madudele
adessive		maol	madudel
ablative		maolt	madudelt
translative		maoks	madudeks
terminative		maoni	madudeni
essive		maona	madudena
abessive		maota	madudeta
comitative		maoga	madudega

Synonyms

• uss

Derived terms

• madujas

Compounds

• boamadu
• lendmadu
• lohemadu
• lõgismadu
• meremadu
• merimadu
• mürkmadu
• noolmadu
• prillmadu
• rohemadu

• madu-uss
• madukael
• madukaktus
• madukotkas
• madunõel
• madupea
• madutäht
• maohammustus
• maokeel
• maomürk
• maopilk

References

• madu in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)
• “madu”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈmadu/ [ˈma.du]
• Rhymes: -adu
• Syllabification: ma‧du

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *médʰu

Proto-Indo-Iranian *mádʰu

Proto-Indo-Aryan *mádʰu

Sanskrit मधु (madhu)der.

Malay madu

Indonesian madu

Inherited from Malay madu, ultimately from Sanskrit मधु (mádhu).

Noun

madu (plural madu-madu)

1. honey
2. (figurative) sweet substance

Derived terms

• madu begantong
• madu hutan
• madu jawa
• madu kelulut
• madu klanceng
• madu kurma
• madu leher merah
• madu mongso
• madu monoflora
• madu multiflora
• madu odeng
• madu pawon
• madu sangihe
• madu sepah raja
• madu sumba
• madu trigona

Etymology 2

Inherited from Malay madu, from Old Javanese madu, maru (“co-wife, jealous”) (compare Indonesian mendua). Comparable to Chinese 蜜 (mì, “honey, mistress”).

Noun

madu (plural madu-madu)

1. mistress, the other woman,
   1. in polygyny relation
   2. (figurative) in other type of relation

Derived terms

• bermadu
• memadui
• mempermadukan
• pemaduan
• permaduan

See also

• madukara

Further reading

• “madu”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Javanese

Romanization

madu

1. romanization of ꦩꦢꦸ

Malay

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *médʰu

Proto-Indo-Iranian *mádʰu

Proto-Indo-Aryan *mádʰu

Sanskrit मधु (madhu)der.

Malay madu

Derived from Sanskrit मधु (mádhu).

Noun

madu (Jawi spelling مادو, plural madu-madu)

1. honey

   Synonyms: air lebah, manisan lebah, misan, ningsan, nisan

Etymology 2

Unknown, perhaps as semantic loan from Chinese 蜜 (mì, “honey, mistress”).

Noun

madu (plural madu-madu)

1. mistress or wife in a polygyny relation.
   1. (figurative) in other type of relation.

Derived terms

• bermadu
• memadui
• mempermadukan
• pemaduan
• permaduan

Descendants

• Indonesian: madu

References

• Edi Sedyawati et al. (1994). Kosakata Bahasa Sanskerta dalam Bahasa Melayu Masa Kini. Jakarta, Indonesia: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia. pp. 73–4.
• Pijnappel, Jan (1875), “مادو madoe”, in Maleisch-Hollandsch woordenboek, John Enschede en Zonen, Frederik Muller, pages 126-7
• Wilkinson, Richard James (1901), “مادو madu”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, page 633
• Wilkinson, Richard James (1932), “madu”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume II, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, pages 84-5

Further reading

• "madu" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017
  (also see "madu" at PRPM first version)

Old Javanese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ma.du/
• Homophone: madhu
• Hyphenation: ma‧du
• Rhymes: -du, -u

Etymology 1

Affixed ro, rwa (“two”) +‎ ma- (“active verb prefix”).

Noun

madu

1. co-wife (in a polygamous marriage)

Adjective

madu

1. jealous

Alternative forms

• maru

Derived terms

• minadu

Descendants

• → Balinese: ᬫᬤᬸ (madu)
• >? Malay: madu
  • > Indonesian: madu

Etymology 2

Affixed adu (“to stand opposite; to face, to meet”) +‎ ma- (“active verb prefix”).

Verb

madu

1. to stand face to face

Further reading

• "madu" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

Selepet

Noun

madu

1. orphan

References

• Andrew Pawley et al., "The Trans New Guinea family", in The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide (2018, →ISBN)

Sundanese

Etymology

Ultimately from Sanskrit मधु (madhu).

Noun

madu (Sundanese spelling ᮙᮓᮥ)

1. honey