kon

See also: Appendix:Variations of "kon"

Languages (22)

Achang • Afrikaans • Atikamekw • Bahnar • Breton • Cebuano • Central Bikol • Cornish • Czech • Dutch • Japanese • Ladino • Linngithigh • Maia • Maltese • Papiamentu • Romani • Sranan Tongo • Swedish • Tok Pisin • Yola

Page categories

Translingual

Etymology

Clipping of English Kongo.

Symbol

kon

(international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Kongo.

Achang

Pronunciation

(Myanmar) /kɔn˧/

Verb

kon

to crouch

Afrikaans

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /kɔn/

Verb

kon

preterite of kan; could

Atikamekw

Noun

kon anim

snow

Bahnar

Etymology

From Proto-Bahnaric *kɔːn, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kuun ~ *kuən; cognate with Koho kon, Vietnamese con, Khasi khun, Khmer កូន (koun), Mon ကွေန် (kon), Car Nicobarese kūön.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /kɔːn/

Noun

kon

child, offspring

Breton

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈkɔ̃ːn/

Noun

kon m pl

plural of ki

Mutation

Mutation of *kon*
	unmutated	soft	aspirate	hard
singular	ki	gi	c'hi	unchanged
plural	kon	gon	c'hon	unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Breton.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Cebuano

Pronunciation

(Standard Cebuano) IPA^(key): /kon/ [kon̪]
Rhymes: -on
Syllabification: kon

Conjunction

kon (Badlit spelling ᜃᜓᜈ᜔)

(conditional) if
Kon mao kana, iitsa ta ikaw sa kalayo.
If that is the case, I will toss you into the fire.

Kon maarang, adto na lang sa presinto pangatarongan.
Please (lit. if it is all right), explain at the precinct.

Ang akong ngalan si Jose Cruz kon adunay isugo.
My name is Jose Cruz. At your service (lit. if you have anything to command).

Kon pa nimo iuli ang awto, ikiha ta ka.
If you hadn’t returned the car, I would have filed a case against you.
(temporal) when
Kon molakaw na siya pahibaloa ko.
When he goes, tell me.

Kon ting-init dinhi, init gyod.
During the hot season, it is really hot.
(interrogative) if, whether
Pangutan-a si Mama mo kon haonon na ba ring kik.
Ask your mother if I should take the cake out of the oven.
Introduces an explanatory phrase: that is to say, i.e.
Ang mga gradwado karon walay kadasig sa pagtuon kon sa pagtukì sa kinaadman.
The recent graduates have no enthusiasm for study, that is to say, to delve into knowledge.

Usage notes

In many contexts, kon and kun are used interchangeably by speakers. However, in modern usage and standardized orthography promoted by literary organizations such as LUDABI and BATHALAD, a distinction is observed: kon is used primarily as a conjunction for "if," "when," or "whether," while kun is reserved to function as the equivalent of "or."
As a conditional or temporal marker, it is a foundational particle in Cebuano grammar used to establish the context for both hypothetical scenarios and routine occurrences.

Central Bikol

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈkon/ [ˈkon̪]

Conjunction

kon

alternative form of kun

Cornish

Etymology

From Middle Cornish coyn, from Proto-Brythonic [Term?], from Latin cēna.^[1] Cognate with Breton koan and Welsh cwyn (“dinner, supper”). Doublet of kinnyow.

Noun

kon f (plural konyow)

dinner, supper
Synonym: kinnyow

Derived terms

kona (“dine”, verb)

Mutation

Mutation of *kon*
radical	soft	aspirate	hard	mixed
kon	gon	hon	unchanged	unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Cornish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

^ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “cwyn”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

Czech

Etymology

Deverbal from konat.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈkon]

Noun

kon m inan

(literary) act

Declension

Declension of kon (hard masculine inanimate)

	singular	plural
nominative	kon	kony
genitive	konu	konů
dative	konu	konům
accusative	kon	kony
vocative	kone	kony
locative	konu	konech
instrumental	konem	kony

Dutch

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /kɔn/
Rhymes: -ɔn
Audio: (file)

Verb

kon

singular past indicative of kunnen

Japanese

Romanization

kon

Rōmaji transcription of こん

Ladino

Alternative forms

con

Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish con (“with”), from Latin cum (“with”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /kon/
Audio (Spain): (file)

Preposition

kon (Hebrew spelling קון)^[1]

with
Antonym: sin
- 2019, Şeli GAON, “Viyaje A Andalusia - 2”, in Şalom‎^[2], archived from the original on 6 December 2019:
  La maale de los djudyos se topa en el sentro de la sivdad vyeja, toda la kaleja golyendo al miskle de flores, las plasas kon las pisinas, los arvoles de portokales kon los kortijos finos avyertos para ke los turistos vijiten.
  The Jewish district is located in the center of the old city, the whole street smelling of a mixture of flowers, the plazas with the swimming pools, the orange trees with the fine open patios for the tourists to visit.

Usage notes

Unlike in Spanish, kon need not combine with pronouns in Ladino. One can simply use kon mi, kon ti, and kon si in contrast to Spanish conmigo, contigo, and consigo, but konmigo, kontigo, and konsigo are all attested as well.

References

^ “kon”, in Trezoro de la Lengua Djudeoespanyola [Treasury of the Judeo-Spanish Language] (in Ladino, Hebrew, and English), Instituto Maale Adumim

Linngithigh

Pronoun

kon

(personal) dative of tru; to you (indirect object)

Maia

Etymology

From English.

Noun

kon

corn

Maltese

Etymology

Borrowed from Italian cono.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈkɔːn/
Rhymes: -ɔːn

Noun

kon m (plural konijiet)

cone

Related terms

koniku

Papiamentu

Etymology

Etymology tree

Portuguese comoder.

Spanish comoder.

Portuguese comoder.

Kabuverdianu komoder.

Papiamentu kon

Derived from Portuguese como, Spanish como, and Kabuverdianu komo.

Adverb

kon

how
why

Romani

Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit कः पुनर् (kaḥ punar).^[1]^[2]^[3] Cognate with Hindi कौन (kaun), Bengali কোন (kōn) and Marathi कोण (koṇ).

Pronoun

kon (oblique kas)

who? (interrogative)^[2]^[3]^[4]
Kon si kothe?
Who's there?

Kas dikhlǎn iʒ?
Whom did you see yesterday?

References

^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “kaḥ punar”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 127
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Boretzky, Norbert; Igla, Birgit (1994), “kon”, in Wörterbuch Romani-Deutsch-Englisch für den südosteuropäischen Raum : mit einer Grammatik der Dialektvarianten [Romani-German-English dictionary for the Southern European region] (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 147b
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Michael Beníšek (August 2020), “The Historical Origins of Romani”, in Yaron Matras, Anton Tenser, editors, The Palgrave Handbook of Romani Language and Linguistics, Palgrave Macmillan, →ISBN, pages 32-33
^ Marcel Courthiade (2009), “kon, kas = kon, -es¹N”, in Melinda Rézműves, editor, Morri angluni rromane ćhibǎqi evroputni lavustik = Első rromani nyelvű európai szótáram : cigány, magyar, angol, francia, spanyol, német, ukrán, román, horvát, szlovák, görög [My First European-Romani Dictionary: Romani, Hungarian, English, French, Spanish, German, Ukrainian, Romanian, Croatian, Slovak, Greek] (overall work in Hungarian and English), Budapest: Fővárosi Onkormányzat Cigány Ház--Romano Kher, →ISBN, page 201b

Sranan Tongo

Verb

kon

to come, to arrive.
- 2014, Powl Ameerali, “Kresneti Firi”, in Kresneti Firi:
  Now Kresneti doro / tiri neti kon / famiri sdon makandra / lontu a 'kresnetibon
  Christmas Eve has arrived now / the silent night has come / the family sits together / around the Christmas tree

Swedish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /kuːn/
Audio: (file)

Etymology 1

Ultimately from Ancient Greek κῶνος (kônos).

Noun

kon c

(geometry) a cone
1. a traffic cone
  Synonyms: trafikkon, vägkon

Declension

Declension of **kon**
		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	kon	kons
singular	definite	konen	konens
plural	indefinite	koner	koners
plural	definite	konerna	konernas

Related terms

konisk

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

kon

definite singular of ko

References

“kon”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish)
“kon”, in Svenska Akademiens ordlista [Wordlist of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)
“kon”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)

Tok Pisin

Etymology

From English corn.

Noun

kon

corn
- 1995, John Verhaar, Toward a reference grammar of Tok Pisin: an experiment in corpus linguistics‎^[3], →ISBN, page 433:
  Mekim olsem pinis, orait tupela i planim taro na banana, na kumu, painap, kon, tomato, na kaukau tu.
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Yola

Noun

kon

alternative form of cooan

References

Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 51

[1] R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “cwyn”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

[Folkmasa-2] “kon”, in Trezoro de la Lengua Djudeoespanyola [Treasury of the Judeo-Spanish Language] (in Ladino, Hebrew, and English), Instituto Maale Adumim

[3] Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “kaḥ punar”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 127

[bi-4] 2.0 ^2.1 Boretzky, Norbert; Igla, Birgit (1994), “kon”, in Wörterbuch Romani-Deutsch-Englisch für den südosteuropäischen Raum : mit einer Grammatik der Dialektvarianten [Romani-German-English dictionary for the Southern European region] (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 147b

[b-5] 3.0 ^3.1 Michael Beníšek (August 2020), “The Historical Origins of Romani”, in Yaron Matras, Anton Tenser, editors, The Palgrave Handbook of Romani Language and Linguistics, Palgrave Macmillan, →ISBN, pages 32-33

[6] Marcel Courthiade (2009), “kon, kas = kon, -es¹N”, in Melinda Rézműves, editor, Morri angluni rromane ćhibǎqi evroputni lavustik = Első rromani nyelvű európai szótáram : cigány, magyar, angol, francia, spanyol, német, ukrán, román, horvát, szlovák, görög [My First European-Romani Dictionary: Romani, Hungarian, English, French, Spanish, German, Ukrainian, Romanian, Croatian, Slovak, Greek] (overall work in Hungarian and English), Budapest: Fővárosi Onkormányzat Cigány Ház--Romano Kher, →ISBN, page 201b

[1]

[1]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

Person	Number (and clusivity)	Nominative	Accusative	Genitive	Dative
First	Singular	ayong	ninh	thom	thon
	Dual inclusive	linggay	linh	linam	lingg
	Non-singular exclusive	nan	nanh	nanam	nangg
	Plural inclusive	puy	punh	punam	pungg
Second	Singular	tru	nanh	kom	kon
	Dual	poy	ponh	ponam	pongg
	Plural	irae	iraenh	iraenam	iraengg
Third	Singular	lu	ngonh	ngom	ngon
	Dual	lawuy	lawunh/lanh	lawunam	lawungg
	Plural	'ar	'anh	'anam	'angg

Translingual

Etymology

Symbol

See also

Achang

Pronunciation

Verb

Further reading

Afrikaans

Pronunciation

Verb

Atikamekw

Noun

Bahnar

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Breton

Pronunciation

Noun

Mutation

Cebuano

Pronunciation

Conjunction

Usage notes

Central Bikol

Pronunciation

Conjunction

Cornish

Etymology

Noun

Derived terms

Mutation

References

Czech

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Further reading

Dutch

Pronunciation

Verb

Japanese

Romanization

Ladino

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Preposition

Usage notes

References

Linngithigh

Pronoun

See also

Maia

Etymology

Noun

Maltese

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Related terms

Papiamentu

Etymology

Adverb

Romani

Etymology

Pronoun

References

Sranan Tongo

Verb

Swedish

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

Declension

Related terms

See also

Etymology 2