imperialism

English

Etymology

Etymology tree

English imperial

Proto-Indo-European *-id-

Proto-Indo-European *-yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-idyéti

Proto-Hellenic *-íd͏̌d͏̌ō

Ancient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)

Proto-Indo-European *-mos

Proto-Indo-European *-mós

Ancient Greek -μός (-mós)

Ancient Greek -ισμός (-ismós)der.

English -ism

English imperialism

From imperial + -ism.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation, Australia) IPA^(key): /ɪmˈpɪə.ɹi.ə.lɪ.z(ə)m/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ɪmˈpɪ.ɹi.əˌlɪ.zəm/

• Audio (General American):

  (file)

• Hyphenation: im‧per‧i‧al‧i‧sm

Noun

imperialism (countable and uncountable, plural imperialisms)

1. The policy of forcefully extending a nation's authority by territorial gain or by the establishment of economic and political dominance over other nations.
   • 2008 June 1, A. Dirk Moses, “Preface”, in Empire, Colony, Genocide: Conquest, Occupation, and Subaltern Resistance in World History, Berghahn Books, →ISBN, page x:

     Though most of the cases here cover European encounters with non-Europeans, it is not the intention of the book to give the impression that genocide is a function of European colonialism and imperialism alone.

2. (historical) The means of forming, maintaining, or expanding an empire.
3. (figurative, derogatory) Any undue extension of political, intellectual, or other forms of authority, particularly in regards to systems that benefit the Western world at the cost of the Global South.
   • 1990, Robert H. Bork, The Tempting of America: The Political Seduction of the Law, →ISBN, page 101:

     The moral imperialism of the Supreme Court did not end with Chief Justice Warren’s resignation nor with the departures of the Justices who made up his distinctive majority.

   • 1998, Michio Morishima, “Foreword: Joseph A. Schumpeter (1883–1950) and Yasuma Takata (1883–1972)”, in Joseph Schumpeter, Yasuma Takata, Power or Pure Economics?, →ISBN, page xxxvi:

     By contrast, economists of the Chicago School approach [sociology] from a standpoint of the imperialism of economics, in the sense that they advance the study of substructure into the areas of the study of superstructure, by researching it as economics.

   • 2015, Russell T. McCutcheon, A Modest Proposal on Method: Essaying the Study of Religion, →ISBN, page 33:

     […] her analysis of the discourse on private belief […] “reduced” and thus “explained away” my intuitions as being something other than what I experience them to be for myself. It was therefore the imperialism of her method that I claimed to be particularly offensive.

Derived terms

• anti-imperialism
• counter-imperialism
• cultural imperialism
• cyberimperialism
• disimperialism
• eco-imperialism
• Euroimperialism
• hyperimperialism
• neoimperialism, neo-imperialism
• proto-imperialism
• social imperialism
• subimperialism, sub-imperialism
• ultraimperialism

Related terms

• imperialist
• imperialistic

Descendants

• → Estonian: imperialism

Translations

the policy of extending power, by force

• Afrikaans: imperialisme
• Albanian: imperializëm m
• Arabic: إِمْبِرْيَالِيَّة f (ʔimbiryāliyya), اِسْتِعْمَارِيَّة f (istiʕmāriyya)
• Armenian: իմպերիալիզմ (hy) (imperializm), կայսերապաշտություն (hy) (kayserapaštutʻyun)
• Asturian: imperialismu m
• Azerbaijani: imperializm

  Cyrillic: империализм

• Belarusian: імперыялі́зм m (impjeryjalízm), імпэрыялі́зм m (imperyjalízm)
• Bengali: সাম্রাজ্যবাদ (bn) (śamrajjobad)
• Bulgarian: империали́зъм (bg) m (imperialízăm)
• Burmese: နယ်ချဲ့ဝါဒ (naihkyai.wada.)
• Catalan: imperialisme m
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 帝國主義 / 帝国主义 (dai³ gwok³ zyu² ji⁶)

  Hokkien: 帝國主義 / 帝国主义 (tè-kok-chú-gī)

  Mandarin: 帝國主義 / 帝国主义 (zh) (dìguózhǔyì)

• Czech: imperialismus (cs) m
• Danish: imperialisme c
• Dutch: imperialisme (nl) n
• Estonian: imperialism (et)
• Finnish: imperialismi (fi)
• French: impérialisme (fr) m
• Galician: imperialismo (gl) m
• Georgian: იმპერიალიზმი (imṗerializmi)
• German: Imperialismus (de) m
• Greek: ιμπεριαλισμός (el) m (imperialismós)
• Hebrew: אִימְפֶּרְיָאלִיזְם (he) m (imperyalízem)
• Hindi: साम्राज्यवाद (hi) m (sāmrājyavād)
• Hungarian: imperializmus (hu)
• Icelandic: heimsvaldastefna f, imperíalismi m
• Indonesian: imperialisme (id)
• Irish: impiriúlachas m
• Italian: imperialismo (it) m
• Japanese: 帝国主義 (ja) (ていこくしゅぎ, teikokushugi)
• Kazakh: империализм (ıymperıyalıyzm)
• Khmer: លទ្ធិចក្រពត្តិនិយម (latthiʼ cakkraʼpŏət niyum), ចក្រពត្តិនិយម (km) (cakkraʼpŏət niyum)
• Korean: 제국주의(帝國主義) (ko) (jegukjuui)
• Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: emperyalîzm (ku)

• Kyrgyz: империализм (ky) (imperializm)
• Lao: ລັດທິຈັກກະພັດນິຍົມ (lat thi chak ka phat ni nyom), ຈັກກະພັດນິຍົມ (chak ka phat ni nyom)
• Latin: imperialismus m
• Latvian: imperiālisms m
• Lithuanian: imperializmas (lt) m
• Macedonian: империјали́зам m (imperijalízam)
• Maltese: imperjaliżmu m
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: империализм (mn) (imperializm), эзэрхэг түрэмгий (ezerxeg türemgii)

  Mongolian script: ᠢᠮᠫᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠢᠰᠮ (impēriyalism), ᠡᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡᠭ᠌
  ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡᠶ (eǰerkeg türimegey)

• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: imperialisme m

• Pashto: سامراج (sāmrãj), امپرياليزم (ps) m (imparyalízǝm)
• Persian:

  Iranian Persian: اَمْپِرْیالیسْم (amperyâlism)

• Polish: imperializm (pl) m
• Portuguese: imperialismo (pt) m
• Punjabi:

  Gurmukhi: ਸਾਮਰਾਜਵਾਦ (pa) m (sāmrājavād)

• Romanian: imperialism (ro) n
• Russian: империали́зм (ru) m (imperialízm)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: империјалѝзам m

  Latin: imperijalìzam (sh) m

• Slovak: imperializmus m
• Slovene: imperializem m
• Spanish: imperialismo (es) m
• Swahili: ubeberu (sw) class XI
• Swedish: imperialism (sv) c
• Tagalog: imperyalismo
• Tajik: империализм (imperializm)
• Tatar: империализм (imperiyalizm)
• Thai: ลัทธิจักรวรรดินิยม (lát-tí-jàk-grà-wàt-ní-yom), จักรวรรดินิยม (th) (jàk-grà-wàt-ní-yom)
• Turkish: emperyalizm (tr)
• Turkmen: imperializm
• Ukrainian: імперіалі́зм m (imperialízm)
• Urdu: سامْراجِیَت f (sāmrājiyat)
• Uyghur: ئىمپېرىيالىزم (impëriyalizm), جاھانئگىرلىك (jahan'girlik)
• Uzbek: imperializm (uz)

  Cyrillic: империализм (imperializm)

• Vietnamese: chủ nghĩa đế quốc (vi)
• Welsh: imperialaeth f
• Yiddish: אימפּעריאַליזם m (imperyalizm)

Further reading

• imperialism on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin Eli Smith, editors (1895–1910), “imperialism”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
• imperialism in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
• Raymond Williams (1983), “Imperialism”, in Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society, revised American edition, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, published 1985, →ISBN, page 159.
• “imperialism”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

Estonian

Etymology

From English imperialism, ultimately from Latin imperiālis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /imperiɑ̯ˈlism/, [imperiɑ̯ˈlʲisˑm̥]
• Rhymes: -ism
• Hyphenation: im‧pe‧ria‧lism

Noun

imperialism (genitive imperialismi, partitive imperialismi)

1. imperialism (a policy of extending your rule over foreign countries)

Declension

Declension of imperialism (ÕS type 22e/riik, length gradation)
		singular	plural
nominative		imperialism	imperialismid
accusative	nom.
	gen.	imperialismi
genitive			imperialismide
partitive		imperialismi	imperialisme imperialismisid
illative		imperialismi imperialismisse	imperialismidesse imperialismesse
inessive		imperialismis	imperialismides imperialismes
elative		imperialismist	imperialismidest imperialismest
allative		imperialismile	imperialismidele imperialismele
adessive		imperialismil	imperialismidel imperialismel
ablative		imperialismilt	imperialismidelt imperialismelt
translative		imperialismiks	imperialismideks imperialismeks
terminative		imperialismini	imperialismideni
essive		imperialismina	imperialismidena
abessive		imperialismita	imperialismideta
comitative		imperialismiga	imperialismidega

Derived terms

nouns

• imperialist
  • imperialistlik (adjective)

Compounds

• imperialismileer
• imperialismipoliitika
• imperialismistaadium
• imperialismiteooria
• imperialismivastane

Related terms

nouns

• impeerium
• imperaator
• imperiaal

References

• “imperialism”, in [VSL] Võõrsõnade leksikon [Lexicon of Foreign Words] (in Estonian) (online version, not updated), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012

Romanian

Etymology

Etymology tree

French impérial

Proto-Indo-European *-id-

Proto-Indo-European *-yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-idyéti

Proto-Hellenic *-íd͏̌d͏̌ō

Ancient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)

Proto-Indo-European *-mos

Proto-Indo-European *-mós

Ancient Greek -μός (-mós)

Ancient Greek -ῐσμός (-ĭsmós)bor.

Latin -ismuslbor.

French -isme

French impérialismebor.

Romanian imperialism

Borrowed from French impérialisme. By surface analysis, imperial + -ism.

Noun

imperialism n (uncountable)

1. imperialism

Declension

singular only	indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	imperialism	imperialismul
genitive-dative	imperialism	imperialismului
vocative	imperialismule

Related terms

• imperiu

Swedish

Noun

imperialism c

1. imperialism

Declension

Declension of imperialism

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	imperialism	imperialisms
	definite	imperialismen	imperialismens
plural	indefinite	—	—
	definite	—	—

Derived terms

• kulturimperialism
• neoimperialism

Related terms

• imperium
• imperialist
• imperialistisk

References

• “imperialism”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish)
• “imperialism”, in Svenska Akademiens ordlista [Wordlist of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)
• “imperialism”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)