germanium

See also: germánium and Germanium

English

Chemical element (edit)
Ge Atomic number 32 germanium
Classification data Period 4 Group 14 Block p-block Class metalloid
Previous: ← gallium (Ga)
Next: arsenic (As) →
English Wikipedia article on Germanium

Etymology

Etymology tree

Latin Germānus

Latin Germānī

Proto-Indo-European *-(i)yós

Proto-Italic *-ijos

Proto-Italic *-ios

Old Latin -ios

Latin -ius

Latin -ia

Latin Germānia

▲

Latin -iusnom.

New Latin -ium

German Germaniumbor.

English germanium

Borrowed from German Germanium.

Pronunciation

• (US) enPR: jûrmā'nēəm, IPA^(key): /d͡ʒɚˈmeɪni.əm/

• Audio (General American):

  (file)

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -eɪniəm

Noun

germanium (countable and uncountable, plural germaniums)

2. A nonmetallic chemical element (symbol Ge) with an atomic number of 32: a lustrous, hard-brittle, grayish-white metalloid in the carbon group.
   • 1959 March, “Talking of Trains: New B.R. locomotive orders”, in Trains Illustrated, page 118:

     This equipment, which includes transformers, germanium rectifiers and smoothing apparatus, has been designed to allow the existing electric multiple-unit traction motors to operate on rectified alternating current.

   • 1970, James W[alter] Mayer, Lennart Eriksson, John A[rthur] Davies, “General Features of Ion Implantation”, in Ion Implantation in Semiconductors: Silicon and Germanium, New York, N.Y.: Academic Press, →OCLC, page 5:

     The isolated disordered regions and the amorphous layer have widely different anneal behavior. In the case of germanium and silicon, the isolated disordered regions anneal at moderate temperatures of approximately 200° and 300° C, respectively. The amorphous layers also anneal in a characteristic fashion, but at appreciably higher temperatures, i.e., at approximately 600° C in silicon and 400° C in germanium.

3. (countable) An atom of this element.

Derived terms

• digermanium
• germanate
• germane
• germanene
• germanian
• germanic
• germanide
• germaniferous
• germanite
• germanium antimony telluride
• germanium dioxide
• germanium diselenide
• germanium hydride
• germanium tetrachloride
• germanium tetrahydride
• germanone
• germanous
• nongermanium
• organogermanium
• radiogermanium
• silicon-germanium
• silicon germanium
• tetraethylgermanium

Related terms

• germane
• germanomethane
• monogermane

Descendants

• → Korean: 저마늄 (jeomanyum)
• → Swahili: gerimani
• → Thai: เจอร์เมเนียม (jəə-mee-nîiam)
• → Welsh: germaniwm

Translations

chemical element

• Afrikaans: germanium (af)
• Albanian: germanium ?
• Arabic: جِرْمَانِيُوم m (jirmāniyūm), أَلْمَانِيُوم m (ʔalmāniyūm)
• Armenian: գերմանիում (hy) (germanium)
• Asturian: xermaniu (ast) m
• Basque: germanioa
• Belarusian: герма́ній m (hjermánij)
• Breton: germaniom ?
• Bulgarian: герма́ний (bg) m (germánij)
• Catalan: germani (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 鍺 / 锗 (zh) (zhě)

• Cornish: germaniom m
• Czech: germanium (cs) n
• Danish: germanium (da) n
• Dutch: germanium (nl) n
• Esperanto: germaniumo (eo)
• Estonian: germaanium (et)
• Faroese: germanium n
• Finnish: germanium (fi)
• French: germanium (fr) m
• Frisian:

  West Frisian: germanium ?

• Friulian: gjermani ?
• Galician: xermanio (gl) m
• Georgian: გერმანიუმი (germaniumi)
• German: Germanium (de) n
• Greek: γερμάνιο (el) n (germánio)
• Hebrew: גרמניום (he) m (germányum)
• Hindi: सिकातु ? (sikātu)
• Hungarian: germánium (hu)
• Icelandic: german (is) n
• Indonesian: germanium (id)
• Interlingua: germanium
• Irish: gearmáiniam (ga) m
• Italian: germanio (it) m
• Japanese: ゲルマニウム (ja) (gerumaniumu)
• Kashubian: germón ?
• Kazakh: германий (kk) (germanıyy)
• Khmer: ស៊ែម៉ាញ៉ូម (sɛɛmaañoum)
• Korean: 게르마늄 (ko) (gereumanyum), 저마늄 (ko) (jeomanyum)
• Latvian: germānijs m
• Lingala: jemani class 9a/10a
• Lithuanian: germanis (lt) m
• Luxembourgish: Germanium ?
• Macedonian: германиум m (germanium)
• Malay: germanium
• Maltese: ġermanju m
• Manx: germaanium ?
• Mongolian: германи (germani)
• Norwegian: germanium (no) n
• Occitan: germani m
• Persian: ژرمانیوم (fa) (žermâniyom)
• Polish: german (pl) m
• Portuguese: germânio (pt) m
• Romanian: germaniu (ro) n
• Russian: герма́ний (ru) m (germánij)
• Scottish Gaelic: gearmainium m
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: гѐрма̄ниј m, германиjум m

  Latin: gèrmānij (sh) m, germanijum m

• Slovak: germánium (sk) n
• Slovene: germánij (sl) m
• Spanish: germanio (es) m
• Swahili: gerimani
• Swedish: germanium (sv) n
• Tagalog: hermanyo
• Tajik: германий (germaniy)
• Tamil: சாம்பலியம் (cāmpaliyam)
• Thai: เจอร์เมเนียม (jəə-mee-nîiam)
• Turkish: germanyum (tr)
• Ukrainian: герма́ній m (hermánij), ґерма́ній m (germánij)
• Uzbek: германий (uz) (germaniy), germaniy (uz)
• Vietnamese: gecmani
• Volapük: gärmin (vo)
• Welsh: germaniwm (cy) m

See also

• argyrodite
• ekasilicon

Afrikaans

Chemical element (edit)
Ge Atomic number 32 germanium
Classification data Period 4 Group 14 Block p-block Class metalloid
Previous: ← gallium (Ga)
Next: arseen, arsenik (archaic) (As) →

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

germanium (uncountable)

1. germanium

Albanian

Chemical element (edit)
Ge Atomic number 32 germanium
Classification data Period 4 Group 14 Block p-block Class metalloid
Previous: ← bakër (Cu)
Next: arsenik, rëzëgojë (As) →

Alternative forms

• gjermanium — nonstandard

Etymology

Borrowed from German Germanium.

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -um

Noun

germanium m (definite germaniumi) (uncountable)

1. germanium, Ge

Declension

Declension of germanium

	singular
	indefinite	definite
nominative	germanium	germaniumi
accusative		germaniumin
dative/ablative	germaniumi	germaniumit

Related terms

• gjerman

References

• FMGJSH (2026), “germaniúm,~i”
• FGJSSH (1980), page 542b: “germaniúm,~i”
• Topalli (2017), page 535a: “germaniúm”

Czech

Chemical element (edit)
Ge Atomic number 32 germanium
Classification data Period 4 Group 14 Block p-block Class metalloid
Previous: ← gallium (Ga)
Next: arsen (As) →

Etymology

Etymology tree

Latin Germānus

Latin Germānī

Proto-Indo-European *-(i)yós

Proto-Italic *-ijos

Proto-Italic *-ios

Old Latin -ios

Latin -ius

Latin -ia

Latin Germānia

▲

Latin -iusnom.

New Latin -ium

German Germaniumbor.

Czech germanium

Borrowed from German Germanium.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɡɛrmaːnɪjum]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

germanium n

1. germanium (nonmetallic chemical element with an atomic number of 32)

Declension

Declension of germanium (semisoft neuter foreign)

	singular	plural
nominative	germanium	germania
genitive	germania	germanií
dative	germaniu	germaniím
accusative	germanium	germania
vocative	germanium	germania
locative	germaniu	germaniích
instrumental	germaniem	germanii

Further reading

• “germanium”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2026

Danish

Chemical element (edit)
Ge Atomic number 32 germanium
Classification data Period 4 Group 14 Block p-block Class metalloid
Previous: ← gallium (Ga)
Next: arsen (As) →

Etymology

Borrowed from German Germanium.

Noun

germanium n (singular definite germaniummet, not used in plural form)

1. germanium
   • 2006, Bogen Om Grundstofferne, Gyldendal Uddannelse, →ISBN, page 74:

     Germanium er en såkaldt halvleder.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 1886, Tidsskrift for physik og chemi samt disse videnskabers anvendelse:

     Nærmere Undersøgelser have imidlertid viist, at Germanium er tetravalent, ...

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 2004, IT-ord 2005, Libris Media A/S, →ISBN, page 64:

     Silicium og germanium er de to vigtigste halvledende materialer.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Declension

Declension of germanium

neuter gender	singular
	indefinite	definite
nominative	germanium	germaniummet
genitive	germaniums	germaniummets

References

• “germanium” in Den Danske Ordbog

Dutch

Chemical element (edit)
Ge Atomic number 32 germanium
Classification data Period 4 Group 14 Block p-block Class metalloid
Previous: ← gallium (Ga)
Next: arseen (As) →

Etymology

Borrowed from German Germanium.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˌɣɛrˈmaː.ni.ʏm/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: ger‧ma‧ni‧um
• Rhymes: -aːniʏm

Noun

germanium n (uncountable, no diminutive)

1. germanium (chemical element) [from 1886]

Finnish

Chemical element (edit)
Ge Atomic number 32 germanium
Classification data Period 4 Group 14 Block p-block Class metalloid
Previous: ← gallium (Ga)
Next: arseeni (As) →

Etymology

Internationalism (see English germanium).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡermɑnium/, [ˈɡe̞rmɑ̝ˌnium]
• Rhymes: -ium
• Syllabification^(key): ger‧ma‧ni‧um
• Hyphenation^(key): ger‧ma‧ni‧um

Noun

germanium

1. germanium

Declension

Inflection of germanium (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
nominative		germanium	germaniumit
genitive		germaniumin	germaniumien
partitive		germaniumia	germaniumeja
illative		germaniumiin	germaniumeihin
		singular	plural
nominative		germanium	germaniumit
accusative	nom.	germanium	germaniumit
	gen.	germaniumin
genitive		germaniumin	germaniumien
partitive		germaniumia	germaniumeja
inessive		germaniumissa	germaniumeissa
elative		germaniumista	germaniumeista
illative		germaniumiin	germaniumeihin
adessive		germaniumilla	germaniumeilla
ablative		germaniumilta	germaniumeilta
allative		germaniumille	germaniumeille
essive		germaniumina	germaniumeina
translative		germaniumiksi	germaniumeiksi
abessive		germaniumitta	germaniumeitta
instructive		—	germaniumein
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of germanium (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative germaniumini germaniumini accusative nom. germaniumini germaniumini gen. germaniumini genitive germaniumini germaniumieni partitive germaniumiani germaniumejani inessive germaniumissani germaniumeissani elative germaniumistani germaniumeistani illative germaniumiini germaniumeihini adessive germaniumillani germaniumeillani ablative germaniumiltani germaniumeiltani allative germaniumilleni germaniumeilleni essive germaniuminani germaniumeinani translative germaniumikseni germaniumeikseni abessive germaniumittani germaniumeittani instructive — — comitative — germaniumeineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative germaniumisi germaniumisi accusative nom. germaniumisi germaniumisi gen. germaniumisi genitive germaniumisi germaniumiesi partitive germaniumiasi germaniumejasi inessive germaniumissasi germaniumeissasi elative germaniumistasi germaniumeistasi illative germaniumiisi germaniumeihisi adessive germaniumillasi germaniumeillasi ablative germaniumiltasi germaniumeiltasi allative germaniumillesi germaniumeillesi essive germaniuminasi germaniumeinasi translative germaniumiksesi germaniumeiksesi abessive germaniumittasi germaniumeittasi instructive — — comitative — germaniumeinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative germaniumimme germaniumimme accusative nom. germaniumimme germaniumimme gen. germaniumimme genitive germaniumimme germaniumiemme partitive germaniumiamme germaniumejamme inessive germaniumissamme germaniumeissamme elative germaniumistamme germaniumeistamme illative germaniumiimme germaniumeihimme adessive germaniumillamme germaniumeillamme ablative germaniumiltamme germaniumeiltamme allative germaniumillemme germaniumeillemme essive germaniuminamme germaniumeinamme translative germaniumiksemme germaniumeiksemme abessive germaniumittamme germaniumeittamme instructive — — comitative — germaniumeinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative germaniuminne germaniuminne accusative nom. germaniuminne germaniuminne gen. germaniuminne genitive germaniuminne germaniumienne partitive germaniumianne germaniumejanne inessive germaniumissanne germaniumeissanne elative germaniumistanne germaniumeistanne illative germaniumiinne germaniumeihinne adessive germaniumillanne germaniumeillanne ablative germaniumiltanne germaniumeiltanne allative germaniumillenne germaniumeillenne essive germaniuminanne germaniumeinanne translative germaniumiksenne germaniumeiksenne abessive germaniumittanne germaniumeittanne instructive — — comitative — germaniumeinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative germaniuminsa germaniuminsa accusative nom. germaniuminsa germaniuminsa gen. germaniuminsa genitive germaniuminsa germaniumiensa partitive germaniumiaan germaniumiansa germaniumejaan germaniumejansa inessive germaniumissaan germaniumissansa germaniumeissaan germaniumeissansa elative germaniumistaan germaniumistansa germaniumeistaan germaniumeistansa illative germaniumiinsa germaniumeihinsa adessive germaniumillaan germaniumillansa germaniumeillaan germaniumeillansa ablative germaniumiltaan germaniumiltansa germaniumeiltaan germaniumeiltansa allative germaniumilleen germaniumillensa germaniumeilleen germaniumeillensa essive germaniuminaan germaniuminansa germaniumeinaan germaniumeinansa translative germaniumikseen germaniumiksensa germaniumeikseen germaniumeiksensa abessive germaniumittaan germaniumittansa germaniumeittaan germaniumeittansa instructive — — comitative — germaniumeineen germaniumeinensa

Derived terms

compounds

• germaniumtetrahydridi

French

Chemical element (edit)
Ge Atomic number 32 germanium
Classification data Period 4 Group 14 Block p-block Class metalloid
Previous: ← gallium (Ga)
Next: arsenic (As) →

Etymology

Borrowed from German Germanium.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʒɛʁ.ma.njɔm/

• Audio (France (Lyon)):

  (file)

Noun

germanium m (uncountable)

1. germanium

Descendants

• → Persian: ژرمانیم (žermâniyom)

Further reading

• “germanium”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012

Indonesian

Chemical element (edit)
Ge Atomic number 32 germanium
Classification data Period 4 Group 14 Block p-block Class metalloid
Previous: ← galium (Ga)
Next: arsen, arsenik (As) →

Etymology

From Dutch germanium.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ɡərmaˈnium/ [ɡər.maˈni.ʊm]
• Rhymes: -um
• Syllabification: ger‧ma‧ni‧um

Noun

germanium

1. germanium (chemical element)

Limburgish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ʝɛʁˈmaː˨ɲɔ˧m]

Noun

germanium n

1. (uncountable) germanium
2. A part of germanium

Malay

Chemical element (edit)
Ge Atomic number 32 germanium
Classification data Period 4 Group 14 Block p-block Class metalloid
Previous: ← galium (Ga)
Next: arsenik (As) →

Etymology

From English germanium.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɡə(r)maniom], [ɡə(r)maniəm], [d͡ʒə(r)maniəm]
• Rhymes: -iom, -jom, -om

Noun

germanium

1. germanium (chemical element)

Norwegian Bokmål

Chemical element (edit)
Ge Atomic number 32 germanium
Classification data Period 4 Group 14 Block p-block Class metalloid
Previous: ← gallium (Ga)
Next: arsen (As) →

Noun

germanium n

1. germanium

Norwegian Nynorsk

Chemical element (edit)
Ge Atomic number 32 germanium
Classification data Period 4 Group 14 Block p-block Class metalloid
Previous: ← gallium (Ga)
Next: arsen (As) →

Noun

germanium n

1. germanium

Swedish

Chemical element (edit)
Ge Atomic number 32 germanium
Classification data Period 4 Group 14 Block p-block Class metalloid
Previous: ← gallium (Ga)
Next: arsenik (As) →

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jɛrˈmɑːnɪɵm/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

germanium n (uncountable)

1. germanium

Declension

Declension of germanium

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	germanium	germaniums
	definite	germaniumet	germaniumets
plural	indefinite	—	—
	definite	—	—

Declension of germanium

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	germanium	germaniums
	definite	germaniet	germaniets
plural	indefinite	—	—
	definite	—	—

Declension of germanium

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	germanium	germaniums
	definite	germanium	germaniums
plural	indefinite	—	—
	definite	—	—

References

• “germanium”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish)
• “germanium”, in Svenska Akademiens ordlista [Wordlist of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)
• Svensk MeSH