abstrak

Indonesian

Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch abstract, from Middle French abstract, from Latin abstractus.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈabstrak/ [ˈabs.t̪rak̚]
• Rhymes: -abstrak
• Syllabification: abs‧trak

Adjective

abstrak (comparative lebih abstrak, superlative paling abstrak)

1. abstract: conceptual, ideal, not concrete

   Synonyms: mujarad, niskala

   Antonyms: konkret, nyata

Noun

abstrak (plural abstrak-abstrak)

1. summary, abstract, main points

   Synonyms: ikhtisar, ringkasan

2. (art) abstract (an abstract work of art)

Derived terms

• mengabstrakkan
• pengabstrakan
• seabstrak

Related terms

• abstraksi
• abstraksionisme

Further reading

• “abstrak”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Malay

Etymology

Borrowed from English abstract, from Middle English abstract, from Latin abstractus, perfect passive participle of abstrahō (“draw away”), formed from abs- (“away”) + trahō (“to pull, draw”).

Pronunciation

• (English-based) IPA^(key): /ˈebstrek/ [ˈʔɛbs.t̪rɛk̚]

  • Audio (Malaysia):

    (file)

  • Rhymes: -strɛk, -ɛk
• (Literary Standard) IPA^(key): /ˈabstrak/ [ˈʔabs.t̪rak̚]

  • Audio (Malaysia):

    (file)

  • Rhymes: -strak, -ak
• Hyphenation: ab‧strak

Adjective

abstrak (Jawi spelling ابسترک, comparative lebih abstrak, superlative paling abstrak)

1. abstract (opposite of concrete)

   Synonyms: niskala, mujarad

   Antonyms: konkrit, maujud

Affixations

• keabstrakan
• mengabstrakkan

Noun

abstrak (Jawi spelling ابسترک, plural abstrak-abstrak)

1. abstract (summary of a longer publication)

   Synonyms: iktisar, ringkasan

Further reading

• "abstrak" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017
  (also see "abstrak" at PRPM first version)

Tagalog

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep

Proto-Indo-European *-o

Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó

Proto-Italic *ap

Latin abder.

Latin ab-

Proto-Indo-European *dʰregʰ-der.?

Latin trahō

Latin abstrahō

Latin abstractusbor.

Middle English abstract

English abstractbor.

Tagalog abstrak

Borrowed from English abstract, from Middle English abstract, borrowed from Latin abstractus. Doublet of abstrakto.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈʔabstɾak/ [ˈʔabs.t̪ɾɐk̠̚]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -abstɾak
• Syllabification: abs‧trak

Adjective

abstrak (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜃ᜔)

1. abstract; conceptual; ideal

   Synonyms: basal, abstrakto

   Antonym: kongkreto

2. (art) abstract (free from representational qualities)

   Synonym: abstrakto

Noun

abstrak (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜃ᜔)

1. abstract; summary

   Synonyms: buod, lagom, abstrakto, resumen

Further reading

• “abstrak”, in KWF Diksiyonaryo ng Wikang Filipino, Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2025
• “abstrak”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, 2018