Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stakkaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Per Kroonen, with *-kk- via Kluge's law from earlier *stogʰ-nós, from Proto-Indo-European *stogʰ-, cognate with Proto-Slavic *stogъ (“stack”); the original *-gʰn- may be the source of *-kn- in Proto-Finnic *sakna (“sauna”) if this was borrowed from pre-Proto-Germanic. Ancient Greek στόχος (stókhos, “brick pillar”) would also likely be cognate but is not mentioned. Doublet of *stakô (“stake”) according to this theory; see also its synonym *stangō.

Traditionally since Pokorny derived from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teg- (“beam, stake”) and cognate instead with Latin tignum (“tree trunk, beam, log”)..

Another comparison can be made to *stukkiją (“stump, piece”), per analogs in descendants, such as Swedish bakstack, Old Norse bakstakkr, to Swedish bakstycke, Old Norse bakstykki, both meaning “back piece, butt”.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈstɑk.kɑz/

Noun

*stakkaz m(North Germanic)

1. pile of hay; haystack
2. anthill

Inflection

Declension of *stakkaz (masculine a-stem)

	singular	plural
nominative	*stakkaz	*stakkōz, *stakkōs
vocative	*stakk	*stakkōz, *stakkōs
accusative	*stakką	*stakkanz
genitive	*stakkas, *stakkis	*stakkǫ̂
dative	*stakkai	*stakkamaz
instrumental	*stakkō	*stakkamiz

Related terms

• ^? *stakô (“stake”)
• *stangō

Descendants

• Proto-Norse: *ᛊᛏᚨᚲᚲᚨᛉ (*stakkaʀ)
  • Old Norse: stakkr
    • Faroese: stakkur
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: stakk
    • Old Swedish: stakker
      • Swedish: stack
      • Elfdalian: stakk
    • Danish: stak
    • → Middle English: stak
      • English: stack
      • Scots: stack
  • → Proto-Finnic: *takka (see there for further descendants)
• →? Proto-Finnic: *sakna (see there for further descendants)