Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sūliz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

*sauliz (East Germanic)^[1]

Etymology

From a pre-Germanic ablauting paradigm *sou-l- ~ *suH-l- (with full-grade retained in the Gothic descendant), apparently from a Proto-Indo-European *sweHl- (“log, wedge, firewood”), which Kroonen considers of unclear further origin.^[1] Orel connects the Germanic with Ancient Greek ῡ̔́λη (hū́lē, “wood”) and perhaps Latin solum (“bottom”).^[2]

Older theories derived the term from Proto-Indo-European *ḱsewl-, *ḱswel- (“log”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱsew-, *ḱes- (“to scratch, comb”), with Ancient Greek ξῠ́λον (xŭ́lon, “wood”) often compared. Beekes supports this comparison, but considers the words to be borrowed from a common substrate, rather than inherited from Proto-Indo-European.^[3] Note also Proto-Germanic *sulī (“balk, bar, sill”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsuː.liz/

Noun

*sūliz f^[1]

beam, post
Synonyms: *bagmaz, *balkô, *stukkaz
column, pillar
Synonyms: *siuwilō, *sweruz

Inflection

Declension of *sūliz (i-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*sūliz	*sūlīz
vocative	*sūli	*sūlīz
accusative	*sūlį	*sūlinz
genitive	*sūlīz	*sūlijǫ̂
dative	*sūlī	*sūlimaz
instrumental	*sūlī	*sūlimiz

Derived terms

*sūlijaną

Related terms

*swalwǭ (possibly)

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *sūli
- Old English: sȳl
  - Middle English: syle
    - English: sile
    - Scots: sile, syle, cyle
- Old Frisian: sēle
- Old Saxon: sūl
  - Middle Low German: sûl, sûle
    - German Low German: Süül
- Old Dutch: sūl
  - Middle Dutch: suul
    - Dutch: zuil
      - → West Frisian: suil
    - Limburgish: zuul
- Old High German: sūl
  - Middle High German: sūl
    - German: Säule
    - Luxembourgish: Sail
    - Yiddish: זײַל (zayl)
Old Norse: súl, súla
- Danish: sule
- Faroese: súla
- Icelandic: súla
- Norwegian: sul
- Swedish: sula; sul (dialectal)
Gothic: 𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐍃 (sauls) (from *sauliz^[1])

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*sūli-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 491: “*sauli-”
^ Vladimir Orel (2003), “*sūlō ~ *sūliz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 389
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ξύλον”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1037-8

[EDPG-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*sūli-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 491: “*sauli-”

[2] Vladimir Orel (2003), “*sūlō ~ *sūliz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 389

[3] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ξύλον”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1037-8

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