Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/pandak
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Uralic *pëne- (*pane-).[1][2][3]
The development is slightly irregular in the verb stem should regularly have been **poonë-, but with an infinitive *pandak; this was apparently levelled (note however *keerdäk in which the development occurred as usual, or was perhaps levelled in the other direction).
Verb
[edit]Inflection
[edit]Inflection of *pandak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *panën | *panin | — | *pangon |
| 2nd sing. | *panët | *panit | *panëk | *pangos |
| 3rd sing. | *panëbi *pani |
*pani | *pankahën | *pankohën |
| 1st plur. | *panëkma | *panima | *pankadëma | *pankodëma |
| 2nd plur. | *panëkta | *panida | *pankada | *pangotta |
| 3rd plur. | *panëbat *pani |
*pani | *pankahën | *pankohën |
| passive | *panëksën *panët'aksën |
*pantihën *panëttisën |
*pantagasën *panëttakahën |
*pantagosën *panëttakohën |
| connegative | *panëk | — | *pangak | *pangok |
| passive connegative | *panëktak | — | *pantagak *panëttagak |
*pantagok *panëttagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *panëkcin | *panicin | *pannën | |
| 2nd sing. | *panëkcit | *panicit | *pannët | |
| 3rd sing. | *panëkci | *panici | *panni | |
| 1st plur. | *panëkcima | *panicima | *pannëma | |
| 2nd plur. | *panëkcita | *panicita | *pannëda | |
| 3rd plur. | *panëkci | *panici | *panni | |
| passive | *pandakcisën *panët'akcihën |
*panticisën *panëtticihën |
*pantanësën *panëttanëhën | |
| connegative | *panëkcik | *panicik | *pannëk | |
| passive connegative | *pandakcik *panët'akcik |
*panticik *panëtticik |
*pantanëk *panëttanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *pandak | present | *panëba | *pantaba *panëttapa |
| infinitive 2 | *pantë- | past | *pannut | *pantu *panëttu |
| gerund/supine | *panëma | negative | *panëmat'oin | |
| action noun | *panëminën | |||
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Estonian: panema/panna
- Finnish: panna
- Ingrian: panna
- Karelian:
- Livonian: pānda
- Livvi: panna
- Ludian: panda
- Veps: panda
- Võro: pandma/pandaq
- Votic: pannõ
References
[edit]- ^ Entry #703 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
- ^ Ante Aikio (24 March 2022), “Proto-Uralic”, in Marianne Bakró-Nagy, Johanna Laakso, Elena Skribnik, editors, The Oxford Guide to the Uralic Languages, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 23 of 3–27
- ^ Häkkinen, Kaisa (2004), “1 panna”, in Nykysuomen etymologinen sanakirja [Modern Finnish Etymological Dictionary] (in Finnish), Juva: WSOY, →ISBN
- ^ Kallio, Petri (2020–), “*panë-”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary][1] (in Finnish)
Further reading
[edit]- Erkki Itkonen, Ulla-Maija Kulonen, editors (1992–2000), “panna1”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words][2] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN