首都

Chinese

		head; chief; first (occasion) head; chief; first (occasion); first (thing); measure word for poems	metropolis; capital city; all metropolis; capital city; all; both (if two things are involved); entirely; even; already
simp. and trad. (首都)		首	都

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shǒudū

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄡˇ ㄉㄨ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): sau² dou¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): siu² u¹

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): sú-tû

  (Hailu, HRS): shiu^ˊ du^ˋ

• Eastern Min (BUC): siū-dŭ
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): siu³ dou¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): siú-to͘

  (Teochew, Peng'im): siu² dou¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵seu-tu₁

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shǒudū
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄡˇ ㄉㄨ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shǒudu
    • Wade–Giles: shou³-tu¹
    • Yale: shǒu-dū
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shooudu
    • Palladius: шоуду (šoudu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: sau² dou¹
    • Yale: sáu dōu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sau² dou¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: seo² dou¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐu̯³⁵ tou̯⁵⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: siu² u¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siu⁵⁵ u³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sú-tû
    • Hakka Romanization System: su^ˋ du^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: su³ du¹
    • Sinological IPA: /su³¹ tu²⁴/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: shiu^ˊ du^ˋ
    • Sinological IPA: /ʃiu²⁴⁻³³ tu⁵³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: siū-dŭ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sieu³³⁻²¹ ^(t-)lu⁵⁵/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: siu³ dou¹ [Phonetic: siu⁵ dou¹]
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: siû-do
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiu⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ tɔu⁵³³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: siu³ dou¹ [Phonetic: siu⁵ dou¹]
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiu³³²⁻²¹ tɔu⁵⁴⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siú-to͘
    • Tâi-lô: siú-too
    • Phofsit Daibuun: siw'dof
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /siu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔ⁴⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /siu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tɔ³³/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /siu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔ⁴⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /siu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔ⁴⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /siu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tɔ⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: siu² dou¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siú tou
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siu⁵²⁻³⁵ tou³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵seu-tu₁
    • MiniDict: seu^去 tu^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²seu-tu₁
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sɤ³³ tu⁴⁴/

Noun

首都

1. capital; capital city (of a country) (Classifier: 個／个)

   非首都功能  ―  fēi shǒudū gōngnéng  ―  non-capital functions

   倫敦是英國的首都。 [MSC, trad.]
   伦敦是英国的首都。 [MSC, simp.]

   Lúndūn shì Yīngguó de shǒudū. [Pinyin]

   London is the capital of England.

Usage notes

When translating the English term capital city, 首都 (shǒudū) is used when referring to the capital of a country, 首府 (shǒufǔ) when referring to the capital of a state or autonomous region, and 省會／省会 (shěnghuì) when referring to the capital of a province. Alternative terms for the capital of a country include 國都／国都 (guódū), 京城 (jīngchéng), 京都 (jīngdū), 京邑 (jīngyì) and 都城 (dūchéng) all of which are more commonly used in literary language. The term 京城 (jīngchéng) is most commonly used in historical dramas set in Imperial China.

Synonyms

edit

• 上京 (shàngjīng) (literary)
• 上國 / 上国 (shàngguó) (literary)
• 中都 (zhōngdū) (archaic)
• 京城 (jīngchéng) (literary)
• 京師 / 京师 (jīngshī) (literary)
• 京華 / 京华 (jīnghuá) (literary)
• 京邑 (jīngyì) (literary)
• 京都 (jīngdū) (literary)
• 國家 / 国家 (guójiā) (Classical Chinese)
• 國都 / 国都 (guódū)
• 帝都 (dìdū) (imperial capital)
• 王京 (wángjīng) (literary, royal capital)
• 王都 (wángdū) (formal, royal capital)
• 皇州 (huángzhōu) (literary, imperial capital)
• 神州 (shénzhōu) (literary)
• 都城 (dūchéng)
• 都邑 (dūyì) (literary)
• 都門 / 都门 (dūmén) (literary)
• 鎬京 / 镐京 (hàojīng) (literary)
• 長安 / 长安 (cháng'ān) (literary, figurative)

Derived terms

• 澳大利亞首都特別行政區 / 澳大利亚首都特别行政区 (Àodàlìyà Shǒudū Tèbié Xíngzhèngqū)
• 澳大利亞首都領地 / 澳大利亚首都领地 (Àodàlìyà Shǒudū Lǐngdì)
• 澳洲首都特區 / 澳洲首都特区 (Àozhōu Shǒudū Tèqū)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (首都):

• → Japanese: 首都(しゅと) (shuto)
• → Korean: 수도(首都) (sudo)
• → Vietnamese: thủ đô (首都)

Others:

• → Zhuang: soujduh

See also

• 省會／省会 (shěnghuì)
• 首府 (shǒufǔ)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
首	都
しゅ Grade: 2	と Grade: 3
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
首都 (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɕɨ̥to̞]
• (Tokyo) しゅと [shúꜜtò] (Atamadaka – [1])
• (Tokyo) しゅと [shùtóꜜ] (Odaka – [2]) non-lexical pitch that some speakers employ to reconcile coinciding devoicing and accenting
• (Kyōto) しゅと [shúꜜtò] (Atamadaka – [1])

• (Kyōto) しゅ​と [shúꜜtò] (Kōki)

Noun

首(しゅ)都(と) • (shuto) 

1. capital, capital city

   東京(とうきょう)は日本(にっぽん)の首都(しゅと)です。

   Tōkyō wa Nippon no shuto desu.

   Tokyo is the capital of Japan.

   京都(きょうと)はかつて日本(にっぽん)の首都(しゅと)でした。

   Kyōto wa katsute Nippon no shuto deshita.

   Kyoto was once Japan's capital.

Derived terms

• 首都圏(しゅとけん) (shutoken)

References

• “首都”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[3] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
首	都

Noun

首都 • (sudo) (hangeul 수도)

1. hanja form^? of 수도 (“the capital of a country”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
首	都

Noun

首都

1. chữ Hán form of thủ đô (“capital, capital city”)