詩

See also: 诗

詩 U+8A69, 詩 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8A69 ← 詨 [U+8A68] CJK Unified Ideographs 詪 → [U+8A6A]

Translingual

Han character

詩 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+6, 13 strokes, Cangjie input 卜口土木戈 (YRGDI), four-corner 0464₁, composition ⿰訁寺)

Derived characters

• 𡀗, 𫄋, 𡮲

Related characters

• 诗 (Simplified Chinese)

Further reading

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1157, character 15
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35427
• Dae Jaweon: page 1622, character 16
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3961, character 5
• Unihan data for U+8A69

Chinese

trad.		詩
simp.		诗
alternative forms		𧥳

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 詩
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (寺) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
等	*tɯːʔ, *tɯːŋʔ
待	*dɯːʔ
寺	*ljɯs
持	*l'ɯ
峙	*dɯʔ
痔	*dɯʔ
跱	*dɯʔ
歭	*dɯʔ
洔	*dɯʔ, *tjɯʔ
畤	*dɯʔ, *tjɯʔ, *djɯʔ
秲	*dɯʔ, *djɯs
庤	*dɯʔ
時	*djɯ
鰣	*djɯ
塒	*djɯ
蒔	*djɯ, *djɯs
榯	*djɯ
恃	*djɯʔ
侍	*djɯs
詩	*hljɯ
邿	*hljɯ
特	*dɯːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *hljɯ): semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 寺 (OC *ljɯs) – poetry is a form of language, speech.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): shī (shi¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕ

  (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): sǐ

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): сы (sɨ, I)

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): si¹

  (Dongguan, Jyutping++): si¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): si¹

• Gan (Wiktionary): si¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): sṳ̂

  (Hailu, HRS): shi^ˋ

  (Meixian, Guangdong): si¹

• Jin (Wiktionary): si¹
• Northern Min (KCR): sí
• Eastern Min (BUC): sĭ
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): si¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): si

  (Teochew, Peng'im): si¹

  (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): xi¹

• Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): si¹
• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ¹sy / ¹syu
  • (Jinhua): ¹sy
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): shr¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shī
    • Zhuyin: ㄕ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shih
    • Wade–Giles: shih¹
    • Yale: shr̄
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shy
    • Palladius: ши (ši)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɻ̩⁵⁵/
  • (Xi'an)
    • Guanzhong Pinyin: sǐ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɹ̩²¹/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: сы (sɨ, I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɹ̩²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: si¹
    • Yale: sī
    • Cantonese Pinyin: si¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: xi¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siː⁵⁵/
  • (Dongguan, Guancheng)
    • Jyutping++: si¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /si²¹³/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: si¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /si³³/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: si¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɹ̩⁴²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̂
    • Hakka Romanization System: sii^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: si¹
    • Sinological IPA: /sɨ²⁴/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: shi^ˋ
    • Sinological IPA: /ʃi⁵³/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: si¹
    • Sinological IPA: /sɹ̩⁴⁴/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: si¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /sɹ̩¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sí
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /si⁵⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: sĭ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /si⁵⁵/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Jiangkou, Nanri, Donghai)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: si¹
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: si
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬi⁵³³/
  • (Xianyou, Fengting)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: si¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬi⁵⁴⁴/
  • (Youyang)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: si¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /θi⁵⁴⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Hui'an, Yongchun, Nan'an, Tong'an, General Taiwanese, Philippines)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: si
    • Tâi-lô: si
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sy
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Yongchun, Tong'an, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /si⁴⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Hui'an, Nan'an, Philippines): /si³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: si¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: si
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /si³³/
  • (Leizhou)
    • Leizhou Pinyin: xi¹
    • Sinological IPA: /si³⁵/
• Southern Pinghua
  • (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
    • Jyutping++: si¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /si⁵³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Songjiang, Chongming, Changzhou, Jiaxing, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo, Zhoushan)
    • Wugniu: ¹sy
    • MiniDict: sy^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹sr
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sɹ̩⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Jiading): /sɹ̩⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /sɹ̩⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Chongming): /sɹ̩⁵⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /sɹ̩⁵⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /sɹ̩⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /sɹ̩³³⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /sɹ̩⁵²/
    • Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /sɹ̩⁵²/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /sɹ̩⁵³/
  • (Northern: Suzhou)
    • Wugniu: ¹syu
    • MiniDict: syu^平
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /sɹ̩ʷ⁴⁴/
  • (Jinhua)
    • Wugniu: ¹sy
    • Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /sɹ̩³³⁴/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: shr¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /ʂɻ̩³³/
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /sɹ̩³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: syi

Rime
Character	詩
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	書之切
Baxter	syi
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕɨ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕɨ/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕie/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕɨ/
Li Rong	/ɕiə/
Wang Li	/ɕĭə/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɕi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	si1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*s.tə/

  (Zhengzhang): /*hljɯ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	詩
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shī
Middle Chinese	‹ syi ›
Old Chinese	/*s.tə/
English	poetry
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	詩
Reading #	1/1
No.	12052
Phonetic component	寺
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	詩
Old Chinese	/*hljɯ/

Definitions

詩

1. poem; verse; ode; poetry (Classifier: 首 m c h)
2. short for 詩經／诗经 (Shījīng, “Classic of Poetry”)

Compounds

• 七步成詩 / 七步成诗
• 七言詩 / 七言诗 (qīyánshī)
• 三家詩 / 三家诗
• 五步成詩 / 五步成诗
• 五言古詩 / 五言古诗
• 五言詩 / 五言诗 (wǔyánshī)
• 交響詩 / 交响诗 (jiāoxiǎngshī)
• 人外無詩 / 人外无诗
• 今體詩 / 今体诗
• 任筆沈詩 / 任笔沈诗
• 作詩 / 作诗 (zuòshī)
• 作詩填詞 / 作诗填词
• 佩文詩韻 / 佩文诗韵
• 佹詩 / 佹诗
• 全唐詩 / 全唐诗
• 八言詩 / 八言诗
• 六一詩話 / 六一诗话
• 六言詩 / 六言诗
• 刻燭賦詩 / 刻烛赋诗
• 劍南詩稿 / 剑南诗稿
• 劇詩 / 剧诗
• 十四行詩 / 十四行诗 (shísìhángshī)
• 千家詩 / 千家诗 (Qiānjiāshī)
• 即事詩 / 即事诗
• 史詩 / 史诗 (shǐshī)
• 古詩 / 古诗 (gǔshī)
• 古體詩 / 古体诗 (gǔtǐshī)
• 吟詩 / 吟诗 (yínshī)
• 吟詩作對 / 吟诗作对 (yínshīzuòduì)
• 吟遊詩人 / 吟游诗人 (yínyóushīrén)
• 和詩 / 和诗
• 和韻詩 / 和韵诗
• 哦詩 / 哦诗
• 唐詩 / 唐诗 (Tángshī)
• 唱詩班 / 唱诗班 (chàngshībān)
• 四家詩 / 四家诗
• 四愁詩 / 四愁诗
• 四言詩 / 四言诗
• 塗抹詩書 / 涂抹诗书
• 大戰詩 / 大战诗
• 子曰詩云 (zǐyuēshīyún)
• 孟詩韓筆 / 孟诗韩笔
• 宋詩鈔 / 宋诗钞
• 定場詩 / 定场诗
• 寶塔詩 / 宝塔诗 (bǎotǎshī)
• 廣覽詩書 / 广览诗书
• 律詩 / 律诗 (lǜshī)
• 悟頭詩 / 悟头诗
• 悼亡詩 / 悼亡诗
• 悲憤詩 / 悲愤诗
• 情詩 / 情诗 (qíngshī)
• 打油詩 / 打油诗 (dǎyóushī)
• 抒情詩 / 抒情诗 (shūqíngshī)
• 拗體詩 / 拗体诗
• 故事詩 / 故事诗
• 敘事詩 / 叙事诗 (xùshìshī)
• 散文詩 / 散文诗 (sǎnwénshī)
• 新詩 / 新诗 (xīnshī)
• 新體詩 / 新体诗
• 明月之詩 / 明月之诗
• 明詩 / 明诗
• 朗誦詩 / 朗诵诗
• 柏梁詩 / 柏梁诗
• 桂冠詩人 / 桂冠诗人
• 桃花源詩 / 桃花源诗
• 格詩 / 格诗
• 樂府詩 / 乐府诗 (yuèfǔshī)
• 樂府詩集 / 乐府诗集
• 橫槊賦詩 / 横槊赋诗
• 歌詩 / 歌诗 (gēshī)
• 歪詩 / 歪诗
• 毛詩 / 毛诗 (Máoshī)
• 江西詩派 / 江西诗派
• 湖畔詩人 / 湖畔诗人
• 滄浪詩話 / 沧浪诗话
• 無聲詩 / 无声诗
• 無韻詩 / 无韵诗 (wúyùnshī)
• 無題詩 / 无题诗 (wútíshī)
• 燕足繫詩 / 燕足系诗
• 現代詩 / 现代诗
• 田園詩 / 田园诗
• 田園詩人 / 田园诗人
• 畫中有詩 / 画中有诗
• 畫意詩情 / 画意诗情
• 白話詩 / 白话诗 (báihuàshī)
• 百一詩 / 百一诗
• 盜詩 / 盗诗
• 盤中詩 / 盘中诗
• 禪詩 / 禅诗
• 童詩 / 童诗 (tóngshī)
• 笙詩 / 笙诗
• 籤詩 / 签诗 (qiānshī)
• 紅葉題詩 / 红叶题诗
• 聖詩 / 圣诗 (shèngshī)
• 自由詩 / 自由诗 (zìyóushī)
• 舊詩 / 旧诗
• 草堂詩餘 / 草堂诗余
• 荷馬史詩 / 荷马史诗
• 裁詩 / 裁诗
• 詠史詩 / 咏史诗
• 詠物詩 / 咏物诗
• 詩中有畫 / 诗中有画
• 詩云子曰
• 詩人 / 诗人 (shīrén)
• 詩人節 / 诗人节
• 詩仙 / 诗仙 (shīxiān)
• 詩以言志 / 诗以言志
• 詩伯 / 诗伯
• 詩入雞林 / 诗入鸡林
• 詩六義 / 诗六义
• 詩劇 / 诗剧
• 詩句 / 诗句 (shījù)
• 詩史 / 诗史 (shīshǐ)
• 詩品 / 诗品
• 詩囊 / 诗囊
• 詩囚 / 诗囚
• 詩壇 / 诗坛 (shītán)
• 詩學 / 诗学 (shīxué)
• 詩宗 / 诗宗
• 詩家 / 诗家 (shījiā)
• 詩序 / 诗序
• 詩律 / 诗律
• 詩情 / 诗情
• 詩情畫意 / 诗情画意 (shīqínghuàyì)
• 詩意 / 诗意 (shīyì)
• 詩教 / 诗教
• 詩文 / 诗文 (shīwén)
• 詩書 / 诗书 (shīshū)
• 詩書禮樂 / 诗书礼乐
• 詩朋酒侶 / 诗朋酒侣
• 詩朋酒友 / 诗朋酒友
• 詩格 / 诗格
• 詩歌 / 诗歌 (shīgē)
• 詩法 / 诗法
• 詩派 / 诗派
• 詩眼 / 诗眼
• 詩社 / 诗社 (shīshè)
• 詩禮 / 诗礼
• 詩禮之家 / 诗礼之家
• 詩禮人家 / 诗礼人家
• 詩禮傳家 / 诗礼传家
• 詩箋 / 诗笺
• 詩篇 / 诗篇 (shīpiān)
• 詩經 / 诗经 (Shījīng)
• 詩翁 / 诗翁
• 詩聖 / 诗圣 (shīshèng)
• 詩腸鼓吹 / 诗肠鼓吹
• 詩興 / 诗兴 (shīxìng)
• 詩行 / 诗行 (shīháng)
• 詩詞 / 诗词 (shīcí)
• 詩詞歌賦 / 诗词歌赋 (shīcígēfù)
• 詩話 / 诗话 (shīhuà)
• 詩謎 / 诗谜
• 詩讖 / 诗谶
• 詩讚 / 诗赞
• 詩賦 / 诗赋 (shīfù)
• 詩道 / 诗道
• 詩選 / 诗选 (shīxuǎn)
• 詩酒朋儕 / 诗酒朋侪
• 詩鐘 / 诗钟
• 詩集 / 诗集 (shījí)
• 詩韻 / 诗韵 (shīyùn)
• 詩風 / 诗风 (shīfēng)
• 詩餘 / 诗余 (shīyú)
• 詩魔 / 诗魔
• 說詩啐話 / 说诗啐话
• 諷諭詩 / 讽谕诗
• 讚美詩 / 赞美诗 (zànměishī)
• 豔詩 / 艳诗 (yànshī)
• 賦詩 / 赋诗 (fùshī)
• 賦詩言志 / 赋诗言志
• 贈詩 / 赠诗
• 趵突泉詩 / 趵突泉诗
• 輓詩 / 挽诗
• 近體詩 / 近体诗 (jìntǐshī)
• 迴文詩 / 回文诗
• 逸詩 / 逸诗
• 遊仙詩 / 游仙诗
• 邊塞詩 / 边塞诗 (biānsàishī)
• 采詩 / 采诗 (cǎishī)
• 錦囊詩 / 锦囊诗
• 閨怨詩 / 闺怨诗
• 陳詩 / 陈诗
• 隨園詩話 / 随园诗话
• 雜言詩 / 杂言诗
• 離合詩 / 离合诗
• 韓詩 / 韩诗
• 韓詩外傳 / 韩诗外传
• 題詩 / 题诗 (tíshī)
• 飽讀詩書 / 饱读诗书 (bǎodúshīshū)
• 魯詩 / 鲁诗
• 齊詩 / 齐诗

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (詩):

• → Japanese: 詩(し) (shi)
• → Korean: 시(詩) (si)
• → Vietnamese: thi (詩)

References

• “詩”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

詩

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

1. poetry, poem
2. (archaic) Chinese-style poetry
3. modern Japanese poetry

Readings

• Go-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
• Kun: うた (uta, 詩)、うたう (utau, 詩う)^{←うたふ (utafu, 詩ふ, historical)}

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
詩
し Grade: 3
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 詩 (MC syi).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɕi]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio:

  (file)

• (Tokyo) し [shì] (Heiban – [0])

Noun

詩(し) • (shi) 

1. poem
2. verse of poetry
3. (poetry) Chinese poetry
4. short for 詩経 (Shikyō, “Shijing, the Book of Odes”)

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 詩(し)歌(か) (shika, “Japanese and Chinese poetry”)
• 詩経(しきょう) (Shikyō)
• 詩(し)吟(ぎん) (shigin, “recitation of a Chinese poem”)
• 詩語(しご) (shigo)
• 詩稿(しこう) (shikō)
• 詩作(しさく) (shisaku)
• 詩集(ししゅう) (shishū)
• 詩(し)情(じょう) (shijō, “poetic sentiment, interest”)
• 詩人(しじん) (shijin)
• 詩聖(しせい) (shisei)
• 詩仙(しせん) (shisen)
• 詩題(しだい) (shidai)
• 詩的(してき) (shiteki)
• 詩風(しふう) (shifū)
• 詩文(しぶん) (shibun)
• 詩篇(しへん) (shihen)
• 韻文詩(いんぶんし) (inbunshi)
• 漢(かん)詩(し) (kanshi, “Chinese poetry”)
• 狂詩(きょうし) (kyōshi)
• 劇詩(げきし) (gekishi)
• 原詩(げんし) (genshi)
• 交響詩(こうきょうし) (kōkyōshi)
• 散文詩(さんぶんし) (sanbunshi)
• 自由詩(じゆうし) (jiyūshi)
• 叙事詩(じょじし) (jojishi)
• 抒情詩(じょじょうし) (jojōshi)
• 短詩(たんし) (tanshi)
• 定型詩(ていけいし) (teikeishi)
• 杜詩(とし) (toshi)
• 唐詩(とうし) (tōshi)
• 童詩(どうし) (dōshi)
• 風物詩(ふうぶつし) (fūbutsushi)
• 李詩(りし) (rishi)
• 律詩(りっし) (risshi)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
詩
うた Grade: 3
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 詩 – see the following entry.

【歌うた】2 [noun] (music) a song [noun] (poetry) poetry Alternative spellings 唄, 謳

(This term, 詩, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 詩 (MC syi). Recorded as Middle Korean 시 (si) (Yale: si) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

詩 (eum 시 (si))

1. hanja form^? of 시 (“poetry; poem”)
2. hanja form^? of 시 (“verse”)

Compounds

• 극시 (劇詩, geuksi)
• 부시 (賦詩, busi)
• 서경시 (敍景詩, seogyeongsi)
• 서사시 (敍事詩, seosasi)
• 서시 (序詩, seosi)
• 서정시 (抒情詩, seojeongsi)
• 서정시 (敍情詩, seojeongsi)
• 송시 (誦詩, songsi)
• 시가 (詩歌, siga)
• 시객 (詩客, sigaek)
• 시경 (詩經, sigyeong)
• 시단 (詩壇, sidan)
• 시문 (詩文, simun)
• 시상 (詩想, sisang)
• 시서 (詩書, siseo)
• 시선 (詩仙, siseon)
• 시성 (詩聖, siseong)
• 시인 (詩人, siin)
• 시작 (詩作, sijak)
• 시재 (詩材, sijae)
• 시정 (詩情, sijeong)
• 시집 (詩集, sijip)
• 시편 (詩篇, sipyeon)
• 시풍 (詩風, sipung)
• 시형 (詩形, sihyeong)
• 시화 (詩話, sihwa)
• 시흥 (詩興, siheung)
• 율시 (律詩, yulsi)
• 작시 (作詩, jaksi)
• 전원시 (田園詩, jeonwonsi)
• 증시 (贈詩, jeungsi)
• 한시 (漢詩, hansi)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

Han character

詩: Hán Việt readings: thi (申(thân)之(chi)切(thiết))
詩: Nôm readings: thơ, thi

1. chữ Hán form of thi (“poetry; poem”)
2. chữ Nôm form of thơ (“poetry; poem; verse”)

Compounds

• 史詩 (sử thi)
• 詩人 (thi nhân)
• 詩伯 (thi bá)
• 詩味 (thi vị)
• 詩唐 (thơ Đường)
• 詩士 (thi sĩ)
• 詩思 (thi tứ)
• 詩書 (thi thư)
• 詩歌 (thi ca)
• 詩社 (thi xã)
• 詩禮 (thi lễ)
• 詩經 (Kinh Thi)
• 詩興 (thi hứng)
• 詩豪 (thi hào)