穀

See also: 谷, 殻, and 榖

穀	U+7A40, 穀 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7A40

← 稿
[U+7A3F]

CJK Unified Ideographs

穁 →
[U+7A41]

穀	U+FA54, 穀 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA54

← 禎
[U+FA53]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

突 →
[U+FA55]

穀	U+2F959, 穀 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F959

← 䄯
[U+2F958]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement

穊 →
[U+2F95A]

Translingual

Han character

穀 (Kangxi radical 115, 禾+10 in Chinese, 禾+9 in Japanese, 15 strokes in Chinese, 14 strokes in Japanese, Cangjie input 土木竹弓水 (GDHNE), four-corner 4794₇, composition ⿹𣪊禾 (GHTK) or ⿰⿳士冖禾殳 (J))

Derived characters

瀔

Additional Derived Characters

𭬨, 𦾫/𧂣, 𥵠, 𣫉, 𲚖, 𩁡, 𪇗, 𣫪

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 858, character 5
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25221
Dae Jaweon: page 1283, character 14
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2164, character 11
Unihan data for U+7A40

Unihan data for U+FA54

Unihan data for U+2F959

Chinese

See usage notes below
trad.		穀
simp.		谷^*/穀
alternative forms		糓䅽㯏

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (殻) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
彀	*koːɡs
鷇	*kʰoːɡs
瞉	*kʰoːɡs
豰	pɢroːɡ, qʰoːɡ
瑴	kroːɡ, koːɡ
愨	*kʰroːɡ
殼	*kʰroːɡ
觳	kʰroːɡ, ɡoːɡ
嗀	qʰroːɡ, qʰoːɡ
穀	*kloːɡ
糓	*kloːɡ
轂	*kloːɡ
榖	*kloːɡ
瀔	*koːɡ
縠	*ɡloːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kloːɡ): semantic 禾 (“grain”) + phonetic 𣪊.

Etymology

From Austroasiatic or an area word (Schuessler, 2007); compare:

Proto-Vietic *r-koːʔ (“husked rice”), Khmu [script needed] (rŋkoʔ, “husked rice”)
Jingpho n-gu (n³³ ku³³, “rice (uncooked)”) (from Austroasiatic)
Proto-Tai *C̬.qawꟲ (“rice”) (borrowed from Austroasiatic, whence Thai ข้าว (kâao, “rice”))
Burmese ကောက် (kauk, “rice; paddy”) (supported by Hill, 2019)

STEDT compares this to provisional Proto-Tibeto-Burman *kuk (“rice, grain (crop)”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): gǔ (gu³)

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨˇ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): gu²

(Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): gůq

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): гў (gw, II)
Cantonese (Jyutping): guk¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): kuk

(Hailu, HRS): gug
Northern Min (KCR): gŭ
Eastern Min (BUC): gók
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gorh⁶
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kok / kak

(Teochew, Peng'im): gog⁴ / gag⁴
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁷koq / ⁷khoq / ⁷kuoq
- (Jinhua): ⁷koq
Xiang
(Changsha, Wiktionary): gu⁶

(Hengyang, Wiktionary): gu⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gǔ
  - Wade–Giles: ku³
  - Yale: gǔ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guu
  - Palladius: гу (gu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: gu²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku²¹/
- (Nanjing)
  - Nanjing Pinyin: gůq
  - Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): guq⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuʔ⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: гў (gw, II)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku⁵¹/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: guk¹
  - Yale: gūk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: guk⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: gug¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊk̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kuk
  - Hakka Romanization System: gug^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gug⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /kuk̚²/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: gug
  - Sinological IPA: /kuk⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gŭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gók
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kouʔ²⁴/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gorh⁶
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: go̤h
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɒʔ²¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gorh⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɒʔ²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kok
  - Tâi-lô: kok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kog
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /kɔk̚⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kɔk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kak
  - Tâi-lô: kak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kag
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kak̚³²/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kak̚⁵/

Note:

kok - literary;
kak - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: gog⁴ / gag⁴
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kok / kak
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /kok̚²/, /kak̚²/

Note: gag4 - vernacular.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Songjiang, Chongming, Chuansha, Suzhou, Yixing, Changzhou, Jingjiang, Jiaxing, Tongxiang, Haining, Hangzhou, Ningbo)
  - Wugniu: ⁷koq
  - MiniDict: koh^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴koq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /koʔ⁵⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Jiading): /koʔ⁵⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /koʔ⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Chongming): /koʔ⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Chuansha): /koʔ⁵⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /koʔ⁴³/
  - Sinological IPA (Yixing): /koʔ⁵⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /koʔ⁵⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Jingjiang): /kɔʔ⁵⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /koʔ⁵⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Tongxiang): /koʔ⁵⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Haining): /koʔ⁵⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /koʔ⁵⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /koʔ⁵⁵/
- (Northern: Haiyan)
  - Wugniu: ⁷khoq
  - Sinological IPA (Haiyan): /kʰoʔ⁵⁵/
- (Northern: Deqing, Fuyang, Shaoxing)
  - Wugniu: ⁷kuoq
  - MiniDict: kuoh^入
  - Sinological IPA (Deqing): /kuoʔ⁵⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Fuyang): /kuoʔ⁵⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /kuoʔ⁴⁵/
- (Jinhua)
  - Wugniu: ⁷koq
  - Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /koʔ⁴⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: gu⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku²⁴/
- (Hengyang)
  - Wiktionary: gu⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku²²/

Middle Chinese: kuwk

Rime
Character	穀
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	屋 (3)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古禄切
Baxter	kuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kəwk̚/
Li Rong	/kuk̚/
Wang Li	/kuk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kuk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	guk¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤok/

(Zhengzhang): /*kloːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	穀
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ kuwk ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ˁok/
English	grain
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	穀
Reading #	1/1
No.	7423
Phonetic component	殻
Rime group	屋
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	穀
Old Chinese	/*kloːɡ/

Definitions

穀

corn; grain; cereal
五穀／五谷 ― wǔgǔ ― Five Grains
- 歲凶，年穀不登，君膳不祭肺，馬不食穀。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  岁凶，年谷不登，君膳不祭肺，马不食谷。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE
  Suì xiōng, nián gǔ bùdēng, jūn shàn bù jì fèi, mǎ bù shí gǔ. [Pinyin]
  In bad years, when the grain of the season is not coming to maturity, the ruler at his meals will not make the (usual) offering of the lungs, nor will his horses be fed on grain.
foxtail millet (Setaria italica, the plant or the unhulled grain)
(literary) salary of an official
(literary) to rear; to bring up
(literary) to live
- 穀則異室，死則同穴。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  谷则异室，死则同穴。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Gǔ zé yì shì, sǐ zé tóng xué. [Pinyin]
  While living, we may have to occupy different apartments;
  But when dead, we shall share the same grave.
(regional) paddy; unhulled rice
(regional) rice plant
(literary) good; fine
- 穀旦于差，南方之原。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Gǔdàn yú chāi, nánfāng zhī yuán. [Pinyin]
  A good morning having been chosen,
  For the plain in the South.
a surname

Usage notes

In 现代汉语词典 (7th edition), the simplified form of 穀 when used as "good; fine", "salary of an official" and a surname, and the simplified form of 穀梁 / 谷梁 (Gǔliáng), are themselves.

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 稻穀 (“paddy; unhulled rice”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		稻穀
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	稻子
	Shenyang	稻子
	Malaysia	穀
	Singapore	穀
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	稻子
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	稻子
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	稻子
	Xi'an	稻子
	Xuzhou	稻粒兒, 稻粒子
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	稻子
Lanyin Mandarin	Lanzhou	稻子
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	穀子
	Wuhan	穀
	Guiyang	穀子
	Kunming	穀子
	Liuzhou	穀
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	稻子, 稻穀
	Yangzhou	稻子
	Hefei	稻子
Cantonese	Guangzhou	穀
	Hong Kong	穀
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	穀
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	穀
	Macau	穀
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	穀
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	穀
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	穀
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	穀
	Foshan	穀
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	穀
	Foshan (Shunde)	穀
	Foshan (Sanshui)	穀
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	穀
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	穀
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	穀
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	穀
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	穀
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	穀
	Taishan	穀
	Kaiping (Chikan)	穀
	Enping (Niujiang)	穀
	Heshan (Yayao)	穀
	Dongguan	穀
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	穀
	Shaoguan	穀
	Yunfu	穀
	Yangjiang	穀
	Xinyi	穀
	Lianjiang	穀
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	穀
Gan	Nanchang	穀
	Lichuan	穀
	Pingxiang	穀
	Jianning	穀
	Taining	穀
Hakka	Meixian	穀
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	穀
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	穀
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	穀
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	穀
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	穀
	Changting	穀
	Shanghang	穀
	Longyan (Yongding)	穀
	Wuping	穀
	Liancheng	穀
	Ninghua	穀
	Qingliu	穀
	Yudu	穀
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	穀
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	穀
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	穀
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	穀
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	穀
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	穀
	Hong Kong	穀
	Senai (Huiyang)	穀
	Kuching (Hepo)	穀
Huizhou	Jixi	穀
	Shexian	穀
	Huangshan (Tunxi)	穀
Jin	Taiyuan	稻子
Jin	Xinzhou	稻子
Northern Min	Jian'ou	粟
	Songxi	穀
	Zhenghe	粟
	Jianyang	粟
	Wuyishan	粟
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	粟
	Fuzhou (Changle)	粟
	Lianjiang	粟
	Fuqing	粟
	Pingtan	粟
	Yongtai	粟
	Minqing	粟
	Gutian	粟
	Pingnan	粟
	Luoyuan	粟
	Fu'an	粟
	Ningde	粟
	Xiapu	粟
	Zherong	粟
	Shouning	粟
	Zhouning	粟
	Fuding	粟
Southern Min	Xiamen	粟, 粟仔
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	粟
	Quanzhou	粟, 粟仔
	Jinjiang	粟
	Nan'an	粟
	Shishi	粟
	Hui'an	粟
	Anxi	粟
	Yongchun	粟
	Dehua	粟
	Zhangzhou	粟, 粟仔
	Zhangzhou (Longhai)	粟
	Zhangzhou (Changtai)	粟
	Hua'an	粟
	Nanjing	粟
	Pinghe	粟
	Zhangpu	粟
	Yunxiao	粟
	Zhao'an	粟
	Dongshan	粟
	Kinmen	粟
	Penang (Hokkien)	粟
	Manila (Hokkien)	粟
	Longyan	粟
	Zhangping	粟
	Datian	粟
	Chaozhou	粟
	Shantou	粟
	Jieyang	粟
	Haifeng	粟
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	粟
	Leizhou	粟
	Haikou	粟
Puxian Min	Putian	粟
Puxian Min	Xianyou	粟
Central Min	Yong'an	粟
	Sanming (Sanyuan)	粟
	Sanming (Shaxian)	粟
Shaojiang Min	Shaowu	粟
	Guangze	穀
	Jiangle	粟
	Mingxi	穀
	Shunchang	粟
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	粟
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	穀
Wu	Shanghai	穀, 稻穀
	Shanghai (Chongming)	稻穀
	Suzhou	穀
	Danyang	稻, 稻穀
	Hangzhou	穀子
	Ningbo	穀
	Wenzhou	穀
	Jinhua	穀
	Pucheng	穀
Xiang	Changsha	穀子, 穀
	Xiangtan	穀
	Loudi	穀
	Shuangfeng	穀

Dialectal synonyms of 穀子 (“foxtail millet (plant or unhulled grain)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		粟, 禾, 嘉穀, 稷
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		粟
Taxonomic name		粟
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	穀子
Northeastern Mandarin	Harbin	穀子
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	穀子
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	穀
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	穀子
	Wanrong	穀
	Xi'an	穀子
	Xining	穀子
	Xuzhou	穀子
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	穀子
Lanyin Mandarin	Lanzhou	穀子
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	小米
	Wuhan	粟穀 grain
	Guiyang	小米
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	小米
	Yangzhou	穀子
	Hefei	穀子
Cantonese	Guangzhou	狗尾粟, 粟
	Yangjiang	狗尾粟, 粟仔
	Maoming (Xinpo)	粟兒
	Gaozhou	粟
Hakka	Meixian	粟仔, 黃粟仔, 狗尾粟
Hakka	Yudu	狗尾粟, 貓尾粟, 黃粟
Huizhou	Jixi	粟 plant, 粟穀 grain
Jin	Taiyuan	穀子, 穀
Jin	Xinzhou	穀
Northern Min	Jian'ou	蘆粟, 狗尾粟
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	秮, 犬尾秮
Southern Min	Xiamen	黍仔
	Chaozhou	秮
	Jieyang	秮
	Haikou	粟
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	粟禾
Wu	Shanghai (Chongming)	小米
	Suzhou	粟
	Danyang	小米
	Wenzhou	粟米
	Jinhua	粟兒 plant, 粟穀 grain
Xiang	Hengyang	魚子粟

Dialectal synonyms of 稻子 (“rice (plant)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		稻
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		稻子, 稻
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	稻子
	Taiwan	稻子
	Harbin	稻子
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	稻子
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	稻子
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	稻子
	Zhengzhou	稻
	Xi'an	稻子
	Xining	稻子
	Xuzhou	稻子, 稻
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	稻子
	Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan)	稻子
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	稻子
	Lanzhou	稻子
	Ürümqi	稻子
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	穀子
	Wuhan	稻穀, 穀
	Kunming	稻子, 穀子
	Guilin	穀子
	Liuzhou	禾, 穀子
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	稻子
	Yangzhou	稻子, 稻
	Hefei	稻
Cantonese	Guangzhou	禾
	Hong Kong	禾
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	禾
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	禾
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	禾
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	禾
	Macau	禾
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	禾
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	禾
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	禾
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	禾
	Foshan	禾
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	禾
	Foshan (Shunde)	禾
	Foshan (Sanshui)	禾
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	穀
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	禾
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	禾
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	禾
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	禾
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	禾
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	禾
	Taishan	禾
	Kaiping (Chikan)	禾
	Enping (Niujiang)	禾
	Heshan (Yayao)	穀
	Dongguan	禾
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	禾
	Shenzhen (Dapeng)	禾
	Qingyuan	禾
	Fogang	禾仔
	Yingde (Hanguang)	禾仔
	Yangshan	禾
	Lianshan (Butian)	禾
	Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui)	禾
	Shaoguan	禾
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	禾
	Renhua	禾
	Lechang	禾
	Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)	禾
	Sihui	禾仔
	Guangning	禾
	Deqing	禾
	Huaiji	禾
	Fengkai (Nanfeng)	禾
	Yunfu	穀翁
	Xinxing	禾
	Luoding	禾
	Yunan (Pingtai)	禾
	Yangjiang	禾
	Xinyi	禾
	Maoming (Xinpo)	禾
	Lianjiang	禾
	Nanning	禾, 穀
	Wuzhou	禾
	Yulin	穀
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	穀子, 禾
	Hepu (Shatian)	禾
	Guiping	穀
	Mengshan (Xihe)	穀
	Guigang (Nanjiang)	穀
	Beiliu (Tangliao)	穀
	Baise	穀
	Bobai	禾
Lingshan	穀
Pubei	穀
Qinzhou	禾
Beihai	禾
Beihai (Nankang)	禾
Beihai (Yingpan)	禾
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	禾
Ningming	穀
Hengzhou	穀
Hezhou (Pumen, Babu)	穀
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	禾
Danzhou	禾
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	禾
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	禾
Móng Cái	禾
Gan	Nanchang	禾
	Lichuan	禾
	Pingxiang	禾
	Jianning	禾
	Taining	禾
Hakka	Meixian	禾
	Xingning	禾
	Dabu (Xihe)	禾
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	禾, 穀
	Huizhou (Shuikou; Bendihua)	穀
	Huizhou (Hengli; Bendihua)	穀
	Huiyang	禾
	Huidong (Pingshan; Bendihua)	穀
	Huidong (Daling)	禾
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	禾
	Longmen (Pingling; Bendihua)	穀, 禾
	Longmen (Luxi; Bendihua)	穀, 禾
	Boluo (Bendihua)	穀
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	禾
	Guangzhou (Zhengguo, Zengcheng)	禾
	Zhongshan (Wuguishan)	禾
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	禾
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	禾
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	禾
	Wuhua (Changbu)	禾
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	禾, 禾苗
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	穀, 禾
	Zijin (Guzhu; Bendihua)	穀
	Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua)	禾, 穀
	Longchuan (Sidu; Bendihua)	穀
	Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua)	穀
	Lianping (Zhongxin; Bendihua)	穀
	Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua)	穀
	Wengyuan	禾
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	禾
	Xinfeng (Matou; Bendihua)	穀
	Xinfeng (Daxi; Bendihua)	穀
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	禾
	Liannan	禾
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	禾
	Jiexi	禾
	Luhe	禾
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	禾
	Pinghe (Jiufeng)	禾
	Changting	禾
	Shanghang	禾
	Longyan (Yongding)	禾
	Wuping	禾
	Wuping (Yanqian)	禾
	Wuping (Pingyu)	禾
	Liancheng	禾
	Ninghua	禾
	Qingliu	禾
	Yudu	禾
	Ningdu	禾
	Ruijin	禾
	Shicheng	禾
	Shangyou (Shexi)	禾
	Tonggu (Sandu)	禾
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	禾
	Dayu	禾
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	禾仔
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	禾仔
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	禾仔
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	禾
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	禾仔, 禾
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	禾
	Hong Kong	禾
	Yangxi (Tangkou)	禾
Yangchun (Sanjia)	禾
Xinyi (Sihe)	禾
Xinyi (Qianpai)	禾
Gaozhou (Xindong)	禾
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai)	禾
Huazhou (Xin'an)	禾
Lianjiang (Shijiao)	禾
Lianjiang (Qingping)	禾
Mengshan (Xihe)	禾
Luchuan	禾
Luchuan (Daqiao)	稻穀
Beiliu (Tang'an)	穀
Mashan (Pianlian)	穀
Sabah (Longchuan)	禾
Kuala Lumpur (Dabu)	禾
Senai (Huiyang)	禾
Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo)	禾
Singkawang	禾
Huizhou	Jixi	稻
	Shexian	稻
	Huangshan (Tunxi)	稻
	Xiuning	稻
	Yixian	稻
	Qimen	穀, 稻子
	Wuyuan	禾
Jin	Taiyuan	稻子
	Pingyao	稻
	Xinzhou	稻子
	Hohhot	稻子
Northern Min	Jian'ou	禾, 早仔
	Jian'ou (Dikou)	禾
	Songxi	穀
	Zhenghe	粟
	Zhenghe (Zhenqian)	禾
	Jianyang	早仔
	Jianyang (Huangkeng)	禾
	Wuyishan	早仔
	Pucheng (Shibei)	禾
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	粙
	Fuzhou (Changle)	粙
	Lianjiang	粙
	Fuqing	粙
	Pingtan	粙
	Yongtai	粙
	Minqing	粙
	Gutian	粙
	Pingnan	粙
	Luoyuan	粙
	Fu'an	粙
	Ningde	粙
	Xiapu	粙
	Zherong	粙
	Shouning	粙, 禾
	Zhouning	粙
	Fuding	粙
	Youxi	禾
	Youxi (Xiyang, Xibin)	禾
	Youxi (Tiantang, Yangzhong)	禾
	Youxi (Tangchuan)	粙
	Youxi (Zhongxian)	禾
	Matsu	粙
Southern Min	Xiamen	粙仔, 粙
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	粙仔
	Quanzhou	粙, 粙仔
	Jinjiang	粙仔
	Nan'an	粙仔
	Shishi	粙仔
	Hui'an	粙仔
	Anxi	粙仔
	Yongchun	粙仔, 粙
	Dehua	粙
	Zhangzhou	粙仔, 粙
	Zhangzhou (Longhai)	粙仔
	Zhangzhou (Changtai)	粙仔
	Hua'an	粙仔, 禾
	Nanjing	粙仔
	Pinghe	粙仔
	Zhangpu	粙仔
	Yunxiao	粙
	Zhao'an	粙
	Dongshan	粙
	Taipei	粙仔
	Kaohsiung	粙仔
	Yilan	粙仔
	Changhua (Lukang)	粙仔
	Taichung	粙仔
	Taichung (Wuqi)	粙仔
	Tainan	粙仔
	Taitung	粙仔
	Hsinchu	粙仔
	Kinmen	粙仔
	Penghu (Magong)	粙
	Singapore (Hokkien)	粙仔, 粙
	Longyan	禾
	Zhangping	禾
	Zhangping (Yongfu)	禾
	Datian	禾
	Datian (Guangping)	禾
	Youxi (Jiemian, Banmian)	粙
	Youxi (Longyi, Xinyang)	禾
	Chaozhou	粙
	Shantou	粙
	Shantou (Chenghai)	粙
	Jieyang	粙
	Haifeng	粙
	Bangkok (Teochew)	粙
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	粙
	Leizhou	粙
	Wenchang	粙
	Haikou	粙
Puxian Min	Putian	粙
Puxian Min	Xianyou	粙
Central Min	Yong'an	禾
	Sanming (Sanyuan)	禾
	Sanming (Shaxian)	禾
Shaojiang Min	Shaowu	禾
	Guangze	禾
	Jiangle	禾
	Mingxi	禾
	Shunchang	禾
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	粙
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Sanxiang)	粙
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	穀
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	穀子
Shehua	Fu'an	禾
	Fuding	禾
	Luoyuan	禾
	Sanming	禾
	Shunchang	禾
	Hua'an	禾
	Guixi (Zhangping)	禾
	Cangnan	禾
	Jingning (Hexi)	禾
	Lishui	禾
	Longyou	禾
	Chaozhou	禾
	Fengshun	禾
Wu	Shanghai	稻
	Shanghai (Chongming)	稻
	Suzhou	稻
	Wuxi	稻
	Danyang	稻
	Hangzhou	稻, 稻子
	Ningbo	稻
	Wenzhou	稻
	Jinhua	稻
	Jinhua (Tangxi)	稻
	Pucheng	穀
Xiang	Changsha	禾
	Xiangtan	禾
	Loudi	禾
	Shuangfeng	禾
	Quanzhou	禾, 穀子

Compounds

References

“穀”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Shinjitai	穀
Kyūjitai ^[1]^[2]^[3]	穀 `穀` or 穀+`︀`^?
	穀󠄀 穀+`󠄀`^? (Adobe-Japan1)
	穀󠄃 穀+`󠄃`^? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

穀

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 穀)

grain

Readings

Go-on: こく (koku, Jōyō)
Kan-on: こく (koku, Jōyō)
Kun: いきる (ikiru, 穀きる)^{←いく (iku, 穀く, historical)}、たなつもの (tanatsumono, 穀)、やしなう (yashinau, 穀う)^{←やしなふ (yasinafu, 穀ふ, historical)}、よい (yoi, 穀い)
Nanori: よし (yoshi)、より (yori)

Compounds

穀(こく)雨(う) (kokū)
穀(こく)蛾(が) (kokuga)
穀(こく)倉(ぐら) (kokugura)
穀(こく)穀(こく) (kokukoku)
穀(こく)日(じつ) (kokujitsu)
穀(こく)菽(しゅく) (kokushuku)
穀(こく)食(しょく) (kokushoku): cereal-eating
穀(こく)草(そう) (kokusō): cereal; grain
穀(こく)倉(そう) (kokusō)
穀(こく)象(ぞう)虫(むし) (kokuzōmushi)
穀(こく)断(だ)ち (kokudachi)
穀(こく)旦(たん) (kokutan)
穀(こく)粒(つぶ) (kokutsubu)
穀(こく)潰(つぶ)し (kokutsubushi)
穀(こく)帛(はく) (kokuhaku)
穀(こく)風(ふう) (kokufū)
穀(こく)粉(ふん) (kokufun)
穀(こく)減(べ)り (kokuberi)
穀(こく)物(もつ) (kokumotsu): cereal; grain
穀(こく)屋(や) (kokuya)
穀(こく)粒(りゅう) (kokuryū)
穀(こく)類(るい) (kokurui): cereal; grain
穀(こく)霊(れい) (kokurei)
嘉(か)穀(こく) (kakoku)
禾(か)穀(こく) (kakoku)
祈(き)穀(こく) (kikoku)
九(きゅう)穀(こく) (kyūkoku)
旧(きゅう)穀(こく) (kyūkoku)
五(ご)穀(こく) (gokoku)
雑(ざっ)穀(こく) (zakkoku)
秫(じゅっ)穀(こく) (jukkoku)
新(しん)穀(こく) (shinkoku)
戩(せん)穀(こく) (senkoku)
脱(だっ)穀(こく) (dakkoku)
百(ひゃっ)穀(こく) (hyakkoku)
不(ふ)穀(こく) (fukoku)
米(べい)穀(こく) (beikoku)
六(ろっ)穀(こく) (rokkoku)

References

^ “穀”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914), 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1578 (paper), page 841 (digital)
^ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 903 (paper), page 464 (digital)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 穀 (MC kuwk).

Historical readings

Recorded as Middle Korean 곡 (Yale: kwok) in Gugeupbangeonhae (救急方諺解 / 구급방언해), 1466.
Recorded as Middle Korean 곡〮 (Yale: kwók) in Gugeupbangeonhae (救急方諺解 / 구급방언해), 1466.
Recorded as Middle Korean 곡〮 (Yale: kwók) in Gugeupgan'ibang (救急簡易方 / 구급간이방), 1489.

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ko̞k̚]
Phonetic hangul: [곡]

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [nu]
Phonetic hangul: [누]

Hanja

穀 (eumhun 곡식 곡 (goksik gok))
穀 (eumhun 어린아이 누 (eorinai nu))

hanja form^? of 곡 (“grain”)

Compounds

곡가 (穀價, gokga)
곡간 (穀間, gokgan)
곡곡 (穀穀, gokgok)
곡귀 (穀貴, gokgwi)
곡기 (穀氣, gokgi)
곡단 (穀旦, gokdan)
곡달 (穀疸, gokdal)
곡도 (穀道, gokdo)
곡두 (穀頭, gokdu)
곡두생각 (穀頭生角, gokdusaenggak)
곡량 (穀糧, gongnyang)
곡령 (穀靈, gongnyeong)
곡류 (穀類, gongnyu)
곡름 (穀廩, gongneum)
곡물 (穀物, gongmul)
곡벽 (穀壁, gokbyeok)
곡복사신 (穀腹絲身, gokboksasin)
곡상 (穀商, goksang)
곡성 (穀城, Gokseong)
곡식 (穀食, goksik)
곡우 (穀雨, gogu)
곡인 (穀人, gogin)
곡일 (穀日, gogil)
곡적 (穀賊, gokjeok)
곡정 (穀精, gokjeong)
곡정수 (穀精水, gokjeongsu)
곡주 (穀酒, gokju)
곡차 (穀茶, gokcha)
곡창 (穀倉, gokchang)
곡창 (穀脹, gokchang)
곡천 (穀賤, gokcheon)
곡출 (穀出, gokchul)
곡퇴 (穀堆, goktoe)
곡풍 (穀風, gokpung)
곡향 (穀鄕, gokhyang)
곡희 (穀餼, gokhui)
양곡 (糧穀, yanggok)
오곡 (五穀, ogok)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese

Han character

穀: Hán Nôm readings: cốc

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[1] “穀”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

[2] Haga, Gōtarō (1914), 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1578 (paper), page 841 (digital)

[3] Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 903 (paper), page 464 (digital)

[1]

[2]

[3]