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禮

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 礼
禮 U+79AE, 禮
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-79AE
← 禭
[U+79AD] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 禯 →
[U+79AF]
禮 U+F9B6, 禮
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9B6
← 例
[U+F9B5] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 醴 →
[U+F9B7]

Translingual

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Traditional 禮
Simplified 礼
Japanese 礼
Korean 禮

Alternative forms

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In Traditional Chinese, the component on the left of U+79AE is 礻. In Korean hanja and Japanese kyūjitai, the component on the left of U+79AE is 示 rather than 礻, which is also the historical form that appears in the Kangxi dictionary. A CJK compatibility ideograph exists at U+F9B6 to reflect the form found in the Kangxi dictionary.

Han character

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禮 (Kangxi radical 113, 示+13, 18 strokes, Cangjie input 戈火廿田廿 (IFTWT), four-corner 35218, composition ⿰礻豊(GHTV) or ⿰示豊(JK or U+F9B6))

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 847, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24844
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1268, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2409, character 14
  • Unihan data for U+79AE

Chinese

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trad. 禮
simp. 礼
alternative forms
豊
礼
𠃞
𤔑
𥜨
豊
礼
𠃞
𤔑
𥜨
𥜪
𫌓
𢢪
𥘆
𰳰
𮕤
𥝏
𽀕 seal script
 

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (豊) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
體 *r̥ʰiːʔ
軆 *r̥ʰiːʔ
禮 *riːʔ
澧 *riːʔ
醴 *riːʔ
豊 *riːʔ
鱧 *riːʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *riːʔ) and ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): semantic 礻 (“altar”) + phonetic 豊 (OC *riːʔ, “ceremony”) – performing rites at the altar.

Originally written 豊, see there for more.

Etymology

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Uncertain. Schuessler (2007) proposes that this is an old areal etymon. Compare Tibetan ཞེ་ས (zhe sa, “respect, honor, deference”), རྗེ་བོ (rje bo, “lord, nobleman”), རྗེད (rjed, “to honor; reverence”); Mru [script needed] (ri, “ritual”) is possibly borrowed from Austroasiatic (cf. Mon [script needed] (rèh seh, “to respect, to revere”); Thin Khmu [script needed] (rɛh, “to lift up”); both from Proto-Mon-Khmer *reh (“to raise up, to exalt”)).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • lài - vernacular;
  • lǐ - literary.
Note:
  • loi2 - vernacular;
  • li2 - literary.
    • (Leizhou)
      • Leizhou Pinyin: loi2 / li2
      • Sinological IPA: /lɔi³¹/, /li³¹/
Note:
  • loi2 - vernacular;
  • li2 - literary.
Rime
Character 禮
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 齊 (39)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 盧啓切
Baxter lejX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/leiX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/leiX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/lɛiX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/lɛjX/
Li
Rong 		/leiX/
Wang
Li 		/lieiX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/lieiX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		lǐ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		lai5
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 禮
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		lǐ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ lejX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[r]ˁijʔ/
English propriety, ceremony

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 禮
Reading # 1/1
No. 7839
Phonetic
component 		豊
Rime
group 		脂
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		禮
Old
Chinese 		/*riːʔ/

Definitions

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禮

  1. ritual; rite; ceremony
    婚禮／婚礼  ―  hūnlǐ  ―  wedding
    喪禮／丧礼  ―  sānglǐ  ―  funeral
  2. rules of etiquette; rules of propriety
  3. courtesy; etiquette; manners
    敬禮／敬礼  ―  jìnglǐ  ―  to salute
    禮多人不怪／礼多人不怪  ―  lǐduōrénbùguài  ―  nobody will find fault with extra courtesy
  4. present; gift (Classifier: 份 m c)
    禮物／礼物  ―  lǐwù  ―  gift
  5. to treat with respect and courtesy
    敬賢禮士／敬贤礼士  ―  jìngxiánlǐshì  ―  to treat worthies and intellectuals respectfully and courteously
  6. 48th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "ritual" (𝌵)
  7. a surname

Usage notes

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Usually, a single 禮／礼 (lǐ) refers to a gift that involves more serious social interaction. For gifts between friends, 禮物／礼物 (lǐwù) is used instead.

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai 礼
Kyūjitai 禮

Kanji

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禮

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 礼)

  1. Kyūjitai form of 礼 (“propriety; courtesy; politeness; etiquette”)

Readings

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  • Go-on: らい (rai)
  • Kan-on: れい (rei)
  • Nanori: ひろ (hiro)、れ (re)

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 禮 (MC lejX).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

禮 (eumhun 례도/예도 례 (ryedo/yedo rye) or (word-initial) 예 (ye))

  1. hanja form? of 례/예 (“manners; etiquette”)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

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chữ Hán Nôm in this term
禮

Han character

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禮: Hán Việt readings: lễ (里(lí)弟(đệ)切(thiết))[1][2][3]
禮: Nôm readings: lễ[1][2][4], lạy[3][5], lẻ[1][3][5][4], lẫy[2][3][5][4], rẽ[2][3], rẩy[2][5], lẩy[3][5], lãi[3][4], lể[5][4], lởi[3], lỡi[3], lấy[3], lảy[4], rẻ[4]

  1. chữ Hán form of lễ (“ritual; etiquette; to kowtow; an offering; ceremony”)
  2. chữ Nôm form of lạy (“to kowtow”)
  3. chữ Nôm form of lẻ (“odd (not divisible by two)”)

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 Hồ (1976).
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