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略

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 畧
略 U+7565, 略
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7565
← 畤
[U+7564] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 畦 →
[U+7566]
略 U+F976, 略
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F976
← 掠
[U+F975] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 亮 →
[U+F977]

Translingual

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Stroke order
Japan

Han character

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略 (Kangxi radical 102, 田+6, 11 strokes, Cangjie input 田竹水口 (WHER), four-corner 67064, composition ⿰田各)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 762, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21839
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1172, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2541, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+7565

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 略
alternative forms 畧

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 略
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (各) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
髂 *kʰraːɡs
路 *ɡ·raːɡs
輅 *ɡ·raːɡs
賂 *ɡ·raːɡs
虂 *ɡ·raːɡs
露 *ɡ·raːɡs
潞 *raːɡs
鷺 *raːɡs
璐 *raːɡs
簬 *raːɡs
簵 *ɡ·raːɡs
洛 *ɡ·raːɡ
駱 *ɡ·raːɡ
絡 *ɡ·raːɡ
酪 *ɡ·raːɡ
烙 *ɡ·raːɡ
雒 *ɡ·raːɡ
珞 *ɡ·raːɡ
硌 *ɡ·raːɡ
袼 *ɡ·raːɡ, *klaːɡ
笿 *ɡ·raːɡ
鉻 *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ
鮥 *ɡ·raːɡ
鵅 *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ
挌 *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ
落 *ɡ·raːɡ
各 *klaːɡ
胳 *klaːɡ
閣 *klaːɡ
格 *klaːɡ, *kraːɡ
擱 *klaːɡ
恪 *kʰlaːɡ
愙 *kʰaːɡ
貉 *ɡlaːɡ, *mɡraːɡ
狢 *ɡlaːɡ
佫 *ɡlaːɡ
略 *ɡ·raɡ
茖 *kraːɡ
骼 *kraːɡ
觡 *kraːɡ
蛒 *kraːɡ
敋 *kraːɡ
客 *kʰraːɡ
喀 *kʰraːɡ
揢 *kʰraːɡ
額 *ŋɡraːɡ
峉 *ŋɡraːɡ
頟 *ŋɡraːɡ
詻 *ŋɡraːɡ
垎 *ɡraːɡ
楁 *ɡraːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡ·raɡ): semantic 田 (“field”) + phonetic 各 (OC *klaːɡ) – to walk around a field (to outline it).

Etymology

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"to plunder, to pillage"
Possibly Sino-Tibetan (Schuessler, 2007). Compare Mizo rawk (“to loot, to raid (not to kill)”). STEDT provisionally sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔ-m-(p)rawk, which is likely an allofam of Proto-Kuki-Chin *m-ru:k "to steal".
掠 (lüè) is a graphic variant of this sense.
"sharp"
"From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(m/b)rak (“to cut, tear, maul, lacerate”). Cognate with Burmese မြက် (mrak, “to cut keenly”) and မြ (mra., “sharp”), Jingpho mya (“torn, ragged”), Dimasa [script needed] (džə brau, “to scratch, maul, claw”), Drung pra (“to cut (with sharp instruments)”).
"to trace out; to measure (an area); to plan; plan, method; boundary, frontier"
Possible allofams are 慮 (OC *ras, “outline, sketch”) and possibly 量 (OC *raŋ, *raŋs, “to measure (v.), a measure (n.)”)
"outline, sketch, strategy, summary, brief"
Possibly same etymon as sense "to trace out, to plan". Possibly cognate with 路 (OC *ɡ·raːɡs, “road”)
"to omit, to leave out"

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • lio̍k/lia̍k - literary;
  • lio̍h - vernacular.
Note:
  • liag8 - literary;
  • lioh8/liêh8 - vernacular (liêh8 - Chaozhou).
Note:
  • Fuyang:
    • 8liaq - general (e.g. 策略);
    • 8gniaq - alternative (e.g. 侵略).
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 略
    Mandarin Beijing /lyɛ⁵¹/
    Harbin /liau⁵³/
    /lyɛ⁵³/
    Tianjin /lye⁵³/
    Jinan /luə²¹/
    Qingdao /lyə⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /lyo²⁴/
    Xi'an /luo⁵³/
    Xining /lyu⁵³/
    Yinchuan /lye¹³/
    Lanzhou /lyə¹³/
    Ürümqi /lyɤ²¹³/
    Wuhan /nio²¹³/
    Chengdu /nyo³¹/
    Guiyang /nio²¹/
    Kunming /lio³¹/
    Nanjing /loʔ⁵/
    Hefei /lyɐʔ⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /lyəʔ²/
    Pingyao /liʌʔ¹³/
    Hohhot /liaʔ⁴³/
    Wu Shanghai /liaʔ¹/
    Suzhou /liɑʔ³/
    Hangzhou /liɑʔ²/
    Wenzhou /liɛ²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /liɔ²²/
    Tunxi
    Xiang Changsha /lio²⁴/
    Xiangtan /nio²⁴/
    Gan Nanchang /liɔʔ⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /liok̚⁵/
    Taoyuan /liok̚⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /lœk̚²/
    Nanning /lœk̚²²/
    Hong Kong /lœk̚²/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /liɔk̚⁵/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /luoʔ⁵/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /liɔ²⁴/
    Shantou (Teochew) /liak̚⁵/
    /lioʔ⁵/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /liɔk̚³/
    /lio³³/
    Rime
    Character 略
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 來 (37)
    Final (韻) 藥 (107)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 離灼切
    Baxter ljak
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/lɨɐk̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/liɐk̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/liɑk̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/lɨak̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/liak̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/lĭak̚/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/li̯ak̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		lüè
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		loek6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 略
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		lüè
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ ljak ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[r]ak/
    English draw a boundary; outline

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 略
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 3892
    Phonetic
    component         		各
    Rime
    group         		鐸
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		略
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ɡ·raɡ/

    Definitions

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    略

    1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to draw boundaries; to outline; to trace out
    2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) boundary; outline; border
    3. plan; strategy; summary; outline
    4. brief; abbreviated
    5. to omit; to leave out
    6. slightly; marginally
    7. approximately; roughly
    8. to plunder; to pillage
    9. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) sharp; keen (Shi)

    Compounds

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    Japanese

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    Kanji

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    略

    (Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

    1. plan, strategy
    2. to omit
    3. to abbreviate
    4. to invade

    Readings

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    • Go-on: らく (raku)
    • Kan-on: りゃく (ryaku, Jōyō)
    • Kun: おさめる (osameru, 略める)、はかる (hakaru, 略る)、はかりごと (hakarigoto, 略)

    Compounds

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    Pronunciation

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    Kanji in this term
    略
    りゃく
    Grade: 5
    on'yomi

    Noun

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    略(りゃく) • (ryaku) 

    1. omission
      以下(いか)略(りゃく)
      ikaryaku
      as above
    2. abbreviation; short for
      特(とっ)急(きゅう)は特(とく)別(べつ)急(きゅう)行(こう)の略(りゃく)。
      Tokkyū wa tokubetsukyūkō no ryaku.
      Tokkyū is the abbreviation of tokubetsukyūkō.

    References

    [edit]
    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean

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    Hanja

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    略 (eumhun 간략할 략 (gallyakhal ryak) or (word-initial) 약 (yak))

    1. hanja form? of 략/약 (“brief, concise”)

    略 (eumhun 다스릴 략 (daseuril ryak) or (word-initial) 약 (yak))

    1. hanja form? of 략/약 (“approximately, roughly”)
    2. hanja form? of 략/약 (“outline”)

    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    略: Hán Việt readings: lược[1][2][3]
    略: Nôm readings: trước[2][4][5], lược[3][4]

    1. chữ Hán form of lược (“to prune; to abridge; to omit”)
    2. chữ Nôm form of lược (“comb (toothed implement for grooming the hair)”)
    3. chữ Nôm form of trước (“before”)

    References

    [edit]
    1. ^ Trần (2004).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Hồ (1976).
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Bonet (1899).
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Nguyễn (2014).
    5. ^ Nguyễn et al. (2009).
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