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湖

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
湖 U+6E56, 湖
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6E56
← 湕
[U+6E55] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 湗 →
[U+6E57]

Translingual

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Han character

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Stroke order
12 strokes

湖 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+9, 12 strokes, Cangjie input 水十口月 (EJRB), four-corner 37120, composition ⿰氵胡)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 637, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17836
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1044, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1669, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+6E56

Chinese

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trad. 湖
simp. # 湖
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 湖
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (古) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
箇 *kaːls
個 *kaːls
居 *kɯ, *kas
橭 *kaː, *kʰaː
嫴 *kaː
姑 *kaː
辜 *kaː
酤 *kaː, *kaːs, *ɡaːʔ
蛄 *kaː
鴣 *kaː
沽 *kaː, *kaːʔ, *kaːs
盬 *kaː, *kaːʔ
古 *kaːʔ
罟 *kaːʔ
估 *kaːʔ
鈷 *kaːʔ
詁 *kaːʔ
牯 *kaːʔ
故 *kaːs
固 *kaːs
稒 *kaːɡs
痼 *kaːɡs
錮 *kaːɡs
鯝 *kaːɡs
棝 *kaːɡs
凅 *kaːɡs
枯 *kʰaː
軲 *kʰaː
跍 *kʰaː
骷 *kʰaː
苦 *kʰaːʔ, *kʰaːs
葫 *qʰaː, *ɡaː
餬 *ɡaː
瑚 *ɡaː
湖 *ɡaː
鶘 *ɡaː
猢 *ɡaː
醐 *ɡaː
糊 *ɡaː
箶 *ɡaː
蝴 *ɡaː
胡 *ɡaː
瓳 *ɡaː
怙 *ɡaːʔ
祜 *ɡaːʔ
岵 *ɡaːʔ
婟 *ɡaːʔ, *ɡaːɡs
楛 *ɡaːʔ
据 *ka
裾 *ka
琚 *ka
椐 *ka, *kas, *kʰa
鶋 *ka
蜛 *ka
崌 *ka
涺 *ka
腒 *ka, *ɡa
鋸 *kas
倨 *kas
踞 *kas
涸 *ɡaːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡaː): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 胡 (OC *ɡaː).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • ou2 - vernacular (used in placenames);
  • hou2/hoo2 - literary (incl. “lake”).
Note:
  • ô͘ - vernacular;
  • hô͘ - literary.
Note:
  • ou5 - vernacular;
  • hu5 - literary.
Rime
Character 湖
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 模 (23)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 戸吳切
Baxter hu
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦuo/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦuo/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣo/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦɔ/
Li
Rong 		/ɣo/
Wang
Li 		/ɣu/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ɣuo/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		hú
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		wu4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 湖
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		hú
Middle
Chinese 		‹ hu ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ɡ]ˁa/
English lake

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 湖
Reading # 1/1
No. 4247
Phonetic
component 		古
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		胡
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡaː/

Definitions

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湖

  1. lake; loch
  2. (Southern Min, in place names) basin
    內湖／内湖  ―  Nèihú  ―  Neihu District, Taipei
    奮起湖／奋起湖  ―  Fènqǐhú  ―  Fenqihu (a town in Zhuqi, Chiayi, Taiwan)
  3. short for 湖北 (Húběi, “Hubei Province”)
  4. short for 湖南 (Húnán, “Hunan Province”)

Synonyms

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  • (lake):
  • 泊 (pō) (literary, or in compounds)
  • 海子 (hǎizi) (northern and southwestern Mandarin, chiefly in toponyms)
  • 湖泊 (húpō)

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (湖):
  • → Japanese: 湖(こ) (ko)
  • → Korean: 호(湖) (ho)
  • → Vietnamese: hồ (湖)

Others:

Japanese

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Kanji

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湖

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. lake

Readings

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  • Go-on: ぐ (gu)、ご (go)
  • Kan-on: こ (ko, Jōyō)
  • Kun: みずうみ (mizuumi, 湖, Jōyō)←みづうみ (miduumi, 湖, historical)
  • Nanori: うみ (umi)、ひろし (hiroshi)、み (mi)

Compounds

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term
湖
みずうみ
Grade: 3
kun'yomi
 湖 on Japanese Wikipedia

From 水(みず) (mizu, “water”) + 海(うみ) (umi, “sea”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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湖(みずうみ) • (mizuumi) ←みづうみ (miduumi)?

  1. a lake (body of water)

References

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Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 湖 (MC hu). Recorded as Middle Korean 호 (hwo) (Yale: hwo) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

湖 (eumhun 호수 호 (hosu ho))

  1. hanja form? of 호 (“lake”)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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湖: Hán Việt readings: hồ[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]

  1. chữ Hán form of hồ (“lake”)

References

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  1. ^ Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ^ Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ^ Trần (2004).
  4. ^ Hồ (1976).
  5. ^ Thiều Chửu (1942).
  6. ^ Bonet (1899).
  7. ^ Génibrel (1898).
  8. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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