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度

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 席 and 庶
度 U+5EA6, 度
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5EA6
← 庥
[U+5EA5]
CJK Unified Ideographs 座 →
[U+5EA7]
度 U+FA01, 度
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA01
← 切
[U+FA00]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs 拓 →
[U+FA02]

Translingual

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Stroke order
9 strokes

Han character

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度 (Kangxi radical 53, 广+6, 9 strokes, Cangjie input 戈廿水 (ITE), four-corner 00247, composition ⿸𲟁又)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 345, character 26
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9313
  • Dae Jaweon: page 655, character 15
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 880, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+5EA6

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 度
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *daːɡs, *daːɡ): phonetic 石 (OC *djaɡ, “rock”) + semantic 又 (“hand”). Duan Yucai argues that the presence of the hand component in this character is because the hand was used as a reference for measurement. 石 is then corrupted into 𲟁.

Shuowen considers it to be a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *daːɡs, *daːɡ): phonetic 庶 (OC *hljaɡs) + semantic 又.

Compare 庶 (OC *hljaɡs) and 席 (OC *ljaːɡ).

Etymology 1

[edit]
simp. and trad.
度

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-twa (“handspan”). Cognate with Tibetan མཐོ (mtho, “span; span of thumb and middle finger”), Burmese ထွာ (htwa, “to measure by a handspan; a quarter yard”), အထွာ (a.htwa, “handspan; quarter yard”), တွက် (twak, “to consider, to reckon; to calculate; to refuse to do things because others would not”), အတွက် (a.twak, “calculation; because of; for the sake of”). It is unclear whether Proto-Mon-Khmer *cɗaʔ (“span; handspan”) (whence Mon ဍ (daˀ, “to measure by spans of thumb and middle finger”)) is related. Related to 圖 (OC *daː, “to plan; to consider; plan; map”).

Pronunciation 1

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Rime
Character 度
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 定 (7)
Final (韻) 模 (23)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 徒故切
Baxter duH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/duoH/
Pan
Wuyun
/duoH/
Shao
Rongfen
/doH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/dɔH/
Li
Rong
/doH/
Wang
Li
/duH/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/dʱuoH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
dù
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
dou6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 度
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
dù
Middle
Chinese
‹ duH ›
Old
Chinese
/*[d]ˁak-s/
English measure (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 度
Reading # 1/2
No. 11902
Phonetic
component
庶
Rime
group
暮
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
渡
Old
Chinese
/*daːɡs/
Notes 說文庶省聲,實亦石聲
Definitions
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度

  1. linear measure; size; measures
  2. 52nd tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "measure" (𝌹)
  3. consideration; thought; expectation
  4. law; standard; rule; convention
  5. extent; limit; quota
  6. tolerance; open-mindedness
  7. degree; level; measure (often used to translate English -ness, -ity)
    深度  ―  shēndù  ―  depth
    長度/长度  ―  chángdù  ―  length
    亮度  ―  liàngdù  ―  brightness; luminance
    可信度  ―  kěxìndù  ―  reliability; believability
    色度  ―  sèdù  ―  color saturation
    鹽度/盐度  ―  yándù  ―  salinity
  8. (graph theory) degree
    入度  ―  rùdù  ―  indegree
    出度  ―  chūdù  ―  outdegree
  9. plan; design; programme
  10. to pass (time); to spend time
  11. to pass (physically); to go over
  12. (Buddhism) to say prayers or perform Buddhist service to release souls from purgatory
    廣度/广度  ―  guǎngdù  ―  to save (sentient beings) universally
  13. (religion) to try to persuade someone to become a monk, nun or Taoist priest
  14. to write; to compose
  15. Classifier for degrees.
    旋轉90度/旋转90度  ―  xuánzhuǎn 90 dù  ―  rotate 90 degrees
    東經120度/东经120度  ―  dōngjīng 120 dù  ―  longitude 120° E
    絕對零度/绝对零度  ―  juéduì língdù  ―  absolute zero
    攝氏20度/摄氏20度  ―  shèshì 20 dù  ―  20 degrees Celsius
    1. (physics) Classifier for kilowatt-hour.
    2. (ophthalmology) Classifier for 0.01 dioptres.
      近視300度/近视300度  ―  jìnshì 300 dù  ―  –3.00 dioptres
    3. Classifier for alcohol concentration: percent
      紅酒酒精十幾度。 [MSC, trad.]
      红酒酒精十几度。 [MSC, simp.]
      Hóngjiǔ jiǔjīng shí jǐ dù. [Pinyin]
      Red wine is around 10% alcohol.
  16. (literary) Classifier for events or occurrences: time
    再度  ―  zàidù  ―  one more time
  17. (Cantonese) Classifier for doors.
    Alternative form: 道
  18. a surname
Synonyms
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Compounds
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Pronunciation 2

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Rime
Character 度
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 定 (7)
Final (韻) 鐸 (103)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 徒落切
Baxter dak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/dɑk̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/dɑk̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/dɑk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/dak̚/
Li
Rong
/dɑk̚/
Wang
Li
/dɑk̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/dʱɑk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
duó
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
dok6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 度
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
duó
Middle
Chinese
‹ dak ›
Old
Chinese
/*[d]ˁak/
English measure (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 度
Reading # 2/2
No. 11908
Phonetic
component
庶
Rime
group
鐸
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
鐸
Old
Chinese
/*daːɡ/
Definitions
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度

  1. to speculate
    忖度  ―  cǔnduò  ―  to guess
  2. to measure; to estimate; to judge
    用把尺度吓 [Cantonese]  ―  jung6 baa2 cek3 dok6 haa2 [Jyutping]  ―  measure with a ruler
  3. to devise
    度橋/度桥 [Cantonese]  ―  dok6 kiu4-2 [Jyutping]  ―  devise a smart idea
Synonyms
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Compounds
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Etymology 2

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simp. and trad.
度
alternative forms 道
This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “related to etymology 1? also cf. Vietnamese đó (“there”)”

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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度 (Cantonese)

  1. Used to indicate location of something.
    度度 [Cantonese]  ―  dou6 dou6 [Jyutping]  ―  everywhere
    呢幾度/呢几度 [Cantonese]  ―  ni1 gei2 dou6 [Jyutping]  ―  these places
    好多度 [Cantonese]  ―  hou2 do1 dou6 [Jyutping]  ―  many places
    我兩度都去過。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    我两度都去过。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    ngo5 loeng5 dou6 dou1 heoi3 gwo3. [Jyutping]
    I've been to both places.
    唔通我留咗條鎖匙喺架車度? [Cantonese, trad.]
    唔通我留咗条锁匙喺架车度? [Cantonese, simp.]
    m4 tung1 ngo5 lau4 zo2 tiu4 so2 si4 hai2 gaa3 ce1 dou6? [Jyutping]
    Can it be that I left the key in the car?
    行埋佢度 [Cantonese]  ―  haang4 maai4 keoi5 dou6 [Jyutping]  ―  walk near to him/her
Synonyms
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Compounds

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See also

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Etymology 3

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simp. and trad.
度
alternative forms 到
倒

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “related to etymology 1?”)

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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度 (Cantonese)

  1. approximately; around
    Synonym: 左右 (zuǒyòu)
    兩磅度/两磅度 [Cantonese]  ―  loeng5 bong6 dou6-2 [Jyutping]  ―  around 2 pounds

Etymology 4

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For pronunciation and definitions of 度 – see 宅 (“residence; dwelling; house; home; tomb; grave; etc.”).
(This character is a variant form of 宅).

References

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  • “度”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
  • 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “度”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 56.

Japanese

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Kanji

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度

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. degrees
  2. occurrence
  3. time
  4. counter for occurrences

Readings

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From Middle Chinese 度 (MC duH); compare Mandarin 度 (dù):

  • Go-on: ど (do, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: と (to, Jōyō †)

From Middle Chinese 度 (MC dak); compare Mandarin 度 (duó):

From native Japanese roots:

Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
度
たび
Grade: 3
kun'yomi

Cognate with 旅(たび) (tabi, “journey, travel”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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度(たび) • (tabi) 

  1. time; whenever
See also
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Counter

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度(たび) • (-tabi) 

  1. times

Suffix

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度(たび) • (-tabi) 

  1. time

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
度
ど
Grade: 3
on'yomi

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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度(ど) • (-do) 

  1. -itude
  2. (geometry) degree of an angle
  3. degree in temperature, scale, etc.
    • 2005 November 9, Nobuhiro Watsuki, “武(ブ)装(ソウ)錬(レン)金(キン)ファイナル [Armed Alchemy: The Final Act]”, in 武(ブ)装(ソウ)錬(レン)金(キン) [Armed Alchemy], volume 9, Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN:
      喰(く)らえ 五(ご)千(せん)百(ひゃく)度(ど)の炎(ほのお) ブレイズオブグローリイィ‼
      Kurae gosenhyaku-do no honō Bureizu obu Gurōriyi‼
      Take this 5,100-degree flame, Blaze of Glory!!
  4. number of times
  5. percentage of alcohol concentration

Noun

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度(ど) • (do) 

  1. degree, extent
  2. (informal, of eyeglasses) diopter
    Synonym: 度数 (dosū)
    度(ど)が入(はい)ってない眼鏡(めがね)
    do ga haittenai megane
    non-prescription eyeglasses

Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
度
たび > たんび
Grade: 3
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 度 – see the following entry.
【たんび】
[noun] (more emphatic) alternative form of 度 (tabi, “time”)
(This term, 度, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

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Korean

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Etymology 1

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From Middle Chinese 度 (MC duH).

Historical readings
Dongguk Jeongun reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 똥〮 (Yale: ttwó)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[4] 법〮돗〯 (Yale: péptwǒ-s) 도〯 (Yale: twǒ)

Pronunciation

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  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [to̞(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [도(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

度 (eumhun 법도(法度) 도 (beopdo do))

  1. hanja form? of 도 (“bound, limit, extent”) [noun]
  2. hanja form? of 도 (“degree”) [dependent noun]
Compounds
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Etymology 2

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From Middle Chinese 度 (MC dak).

Historical readings
Dongguk Jeongun reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 딱〮 (Yale: tták)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 혜아릴 (Yale: hyeyalil) 탁 (Yale: thak)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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度 (eumhun 헤아릴 탁 (hearil tak))

  1. hanja form? of 탁 (“to speculate; to measure”) [affix]
Compounds
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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [5]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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度: Hán Nôm readings: độ, dạc, đác, đạc, đọ, đủ, đù, dác, đo, đồ, đợ

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.