ἀείρω
Ancient Greek
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- αἴρω (aírō) — Attic, contracted
- ἀέρρω (aérrhō) — Aeolic
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Hellenic *awéřřō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wér-ye-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wer- (“to raise?; to bind, enclose?”); the relation between the "raise" and "enclose" meanings, if any, is unclear, though Chantraine (DELG) appears to consider the latter a semantic specialization of the former.[1][2] Potential cognates include Old Armenian գեր (ger, “above, hyper-”), Latin aperiō (“to open”), Proto-Balto-Slavic *wérˀtei (“to thrust, prod”), Sanskrit वृणोति (vṛṇoti, “to cover, ward off”), Albanian vjerr (“to hang, suspend”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /a.ěː.rɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /aˈi.ro/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /aˈi.ro/
- (10th CE Medieval) IPA(key): /aˈi.ro/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /aˈi.ro/
Verb
[edit]ἀείρω • (aeírō) (Epic, Ionic, poetic)
- (transitive) to lift up, raise, support
- (of armies, ships, transitive) to get the fleet under sail
- (transitive) to bear, sustain
- (transitive) to raise up, exalt
- (transitive) to raise by words, praise, extol
- (transitive) to lift and take away, remove
- (transitive, with genitive) to take away from
- (Koine, transitive) to take off, kill
- (middle voice, transitive) to take up for oneself, to win, gain
- (transitive) to take upon oneself, undergo
- (transitive) to undertake, begin
- (transitive) to raise up
- (transitive) to take away
- (passive voice, intransitive) to hang
Usage notes
[edit]Do not confuse with αἱρέω (hairéō, “to take, seize, choose”), whose contracted form, αἱρῶ (hairô), bears very strong resemblance to αἴρω (aírō). Strong's Greek conjectures that αἱρέω (hairéō) and αἴρω (aírō) may be related, but this view is not commonly accepted.
Inflection
[edit]| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἤειρον | ἤειρες | ἤειρε(ν) | ἠείρετον | ἠειρέτην | ἠείρομεν | ἠείρετε | ἤειρον | ||||
| middle/ |
indicative | ἠειρόμην | ἠείρου | ἠείρετο | ἠείρεσθον | ἠειρέσθην | ἠειρόμεθᾰ | ἠείρεσθε | ἠείροντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἄειρον | ἄειρες | ἄειρε(ν) | ἀείρετον | ἀειρέτην | ἀείρομεν | ἀείρετε | ἄειρον | ||||
| middle/ |
indicative | ἀειρόμην | ἀείρου | ἀείρετο | ἀείρεσθον | ἀειρέσθην | ἀειρόμεθᾰ | ἀείρεσθε | ἀείροντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἀρέω | ἀρέεις | ἀρέει | ἀρέετον | ἀρέετον | ἀρέομεν | ἀρέετε | ἀρέουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| optative | ἀρέοιμῐ | ἀρέοις | ἀρέοι | ἀρέοιτον | ἀρεοίτην | ἀρέοιμεν | ἀρέοιτε | ἀρέοιεν | |||||
| middle | indicative | ἀρέομαι | ἀρέῃ, ἀρέει |
ἀρέεται | ἀρέεσθον | ἀρέεσθον | ἀρεόμεθᾰ | ἀρέεσθε | ἀρέονται | ||||
| optative | ἀρεοίμην | ἀρέοιο | ἀρέοιτο | ἀρέοισθον | ἀρεοίσθην | ἀρεοίμεθᾰ | ἀρέοισθε | ἀρέοιντο | |||||
| passive | indicative | ἀρθήσομαι | ἀρθήσῃ, ἀρθήσει |
ἀρθήσεται | ἀρθήσεσθον | ἀρθήσεσθον | ἀρθησόμεθᾰ | ἀρθήσεσθε | ἀρθήσονται | ||||
| optative | ἀρθησοίμην | ἀρθήσοιο | ἀρθήσοιτο | ἀρθήσοισθον | ἀρθησοίσθην | ἀρθησοίμεθᾰ | ἀρθήσοισθε | ἀρθήσοιντο | |||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | ἀρέειν | ἀρέεσθαι | ἀρθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | ἀρέων | ἀρεόμενος | ἀρθησόμενος | |||||||||
| f | ἀρέουσᾰ | ἀρεομένη | ἀρθησομένη | ||||||||||
| n | ἀρέον | ἀρεόμενον | ἀρθησόμενον | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἀρῶ | ἀρεῖς | ἀρεῖ | ἀρεῖτον | ἀρεῖτον | ἀροῦμεν | ἀρεῖτε | ἀροῦσῐ(ν) | ||||
| optative | ἀροίην, ἀροῖμῐ |
ἀροίης, ἀροῖς |
ἀροίη, ἀροῖ |
ἀροῖτον, ἀροίητον |
ἀροίτην, ἀροιήτην |
ἀροῖμεν, ἀροίημεν |
ἀροῖτε, ἀροίητε |
ἀροῖεν, ἀροίησᾰν | |||||
| middle | indicative | ἀροῦμαι | ἀρεῖ, ἀρῇ |
ἀρεῖται | ἀρεῖσθον | ἀρεῖσθον | ἀρούμεθᾰ | ἀρεῖσθε | ἀροῦνται | ||||
| optative | ἀροίμην | ἀροῖο | ἀροῖτο | ἀροῖσθον | ἀροίσθην | ἀροίμεθᾰ | ἀροῖσθε | ἀροῖντο | |||||
| passive | indicative | ἀρθήσομαι | ἀρθήσῃ, ἀρθήσει |
ἀρθήσεται | ἀρθήσεσθον | ἀρθήσεσθον | ἀρθησόμεθᾰ | ἀρθήσεσθε | ἀρθήσονται | ||||
| optative | ἀρθησοίμην | ἀρθήσοιο | ἀρθήσοιτο | ἀρθήσοισθον | ἀρθησοίσθην | ἀρθησοίμεθᾰ | ἀρθήσοισθε | ἀρθήσοιντο | |||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | ἀρεῖν | ἀρεῖσθαι | ἀρθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | ἀρῶν | ἀρούμενος | ἀρθησόμενος | |||||||||
| f | ἀροῦσᾰ | ἀρουμένη | ἀρθησομένη | ||||||||||
| n | ἀροῦν | ἀρούμενον | ἀρθησόμενον | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
[edit]- ἀερσιπόδης (aersipódēs)
- ἀναείρω (anaeírō)
- ἄορ (áor)
- ἀορτεύς (aorteús)
- ἀορτή (aortḗ)
- ἀορτηθείς (aortētheís)
- ἀορτήρ (aortḗr)
- ἀόρτης (aórtēs)
- ἄορτρα (áortra)
- ἀπήορος (apḗoros)
- ᾰ̓́ρσῐς (ắrsĭs)
- ἀρτηρία (artēría)
- ἐπαίρω (epaírō)
- ἐπήορος (epḗoros)
- κατήορος (katḗoros)
- κατωρίς (katōrís)
- μετέωρος (metéōros)
- μετήορος (metḗoros)
- παραείρω (paraeírō)
- παράορος (paráoros)
- παρήορος (parḗoros)
- πεδάορος (pedáoros)
- συναείρω (sunaeírō)
- συνάορος (sunáoros)
- συνήορος (sunḗoros)
- συνωριαστής (sunōriastḗs)
- συνωρικεύομαι (sunōrikeúomai)
- συνωρίς (sunōrís)
- τετραορία (tetraoría)
- τετράορος (tetráoros)
- τέτρωρος (tétrōros)
References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἀείρω 1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 23-4
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἀείρω 2”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 24
Further reading
[edit]- “ἀείρω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἀείρω” in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2026)
- “ἀείρω” in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- ἀείρω in Pape, Wilhelm (1914), Max Sengebusch, editor, Handwörterbuch der griechischen Sprache[1] (in German), 3rd edition, Braunschweig: Friedrich Vieweg und Sohn
- ἀείρω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924), A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “ἀείρω”, in Slater, William J. (1969), Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- “ἀείρω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891), A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- “ἀείρω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin Eli Smith, editors (1895–1910), “meteor”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
- Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1150
- ἀείρω, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
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